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parallel-talks-deduplicated

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There's quite a bit of variation within the fibers that an individual spider can make.
Il y a beaucoup de variation parmi les fibres qu'une seule araignée peut fabriquer.
en-fr
We call that the tool kit of a spider.
Llamamos eso el kit de herramientas de una araña.
en-es
That's what the spider has to interact with their environment.
Lo que la araña tiene para interactuar con su ambiente.
en-es
But how about variation among spider species, so looking at one type of silk and looking at different species of spiders?
但是不同種類蜘蛛間的差異呢？ 如果我們觀察一種絲， 然後比較不同種類蜘蛛間這種絲的異同？
en-zh-tw
This is an area that's largely unexplored but here's a little bit of data I can show you.
Dit is een grotendeels onontgonnen gebied, maar hier kan ik al wat gegevens laten zien.
en-nl
This is the comparison of the toughness of the dragline spilk spun by 21 species of spiders.
Dies zeigt den Vergleich der Festigkeit von Abseilfadenseide, die von 21 verschiedenen Spinnenarten gesponnen wurde.
en-de
Some of them are orb-weaving spiders and some of them are non-orb-weaving spiders.
Certaines sont des araignées orbitèles et certaines sont non orbitèles.
en-fr
It's been hypothesized that orb-weaving spiders, like this argiope here, should have the toughest dragline silks because they must intercept flying prey.
Daire ağ ören örümceklerin, buradaki argiope örümceği gibi, uçan avlarını yakalamaları gerektiği için en dayanıklı liflere sahip olması gerektiği varsayılıyor.
en-tr
What you see here on this toughness graph is the higher the black dot is on the graph, the higher the toughness.
Çfarë ju shihni këtu në këtë grafik të nivelit të ashpërsisë është pika e zezë më e lartë në grafik, më e larta është më e ashpra.
en-sq
The 21 species are indicated here by this phylogeny, this evolutionary tree, that shows their genetic relationships, and I've colored in yellow the orb-web-weaving spiders.
Las 21 especies están indicadas por esta filogenia, este árbol evolutivo, que muestra sus relaciones genéticas, y he coloreado en amarillo las arañas tejedoras.
en-es
If you look right here at the two red arrows, they point to the toughness values for the draglines of nephila clavipes and araneus diadematus.
Eğer buradaki iki kırmızı oka bakarsanız bunlar nephila clavipes (altın ağ örümceği) ve araneus diadematus (Avrupa bahçe örümceği) türlerine ait kılavuz ipi dayanıklılık değerlerini gösteriyor.
en-tr
These are the two species of spiders for which the vast majority of time and money on synthetic spider silk research has been to replicate their dragline silk proteins.
이들 두종류의 거미들은 합성 거미줄 연구에서 가장 시간과 돈을 많이 들여 그들의 이동사 거미줄 단백질을 복제하려고 하고 있습니다.
en-ko
Yet, their draglines are not the toughest.
Yine de kılavuz ipleri en dayanıklı olan değil.
en-tr
In fact, the toughest dragline in this survey is this one right here in this white region, a non orb-web-weaving spider.
למעשה, קור ההנפה הקשיח ביותר בסקר הזה הוא זה כאן באזור הלבן הזה, של עכביש שאינו טווה רשתות.
en-he
This is the dragline spun by scytodes, the spitting spider.
Si tratta del filo secreto dallo scytodes, o ragno sputatore.
en-it
Scytodes doesn't use a web at all to catch prey. Instead, scytodes sort of lurks around and waits for prey to get close to it, and then immobilizes prey by spraying a silk-like venom onto that insect.
A Scytodes não usa uma teia, de todo, para apanhar presas. Em vez disso, a Scytodes como que atrai e espera que a presa se aproxime e, depois, imobiliza-a pulverizando-a com um veneno na forma de seda.
en-pt
Think of hunting with silly string.
Představte si lov slabou pružinou.
en-cs
That's how scytodes forages.
Tak polują rozsnuwacze.
en-pl
We don't really know why scytodes needs such a tough dragline, but it's unexpected results like this that make bio-prospecting so exciting and worthwhile.
Мы не знаем наверняка, зачем scytodes нужны такие прочные нити, но как раз такие неожиданные результаты делают био-поиск таким захватывающим и стоящим.
en-ru
It frees us from the constraints of our imagination.
Het bevrijdt ons van de beperkingen van onze verbeelding.
en-nl
Now I'm going to mark on the toughness values for nylon fiber, bombyx -- or domesticated silkworm silk -- wool, Kevlar, and carbon fibers.
자 이제 나일론 섬유의 인성 값을 표시해 볼 까요. 밤빅스나 사육된 누에고치 실, 울, 캐블러 그리고 탄소섬유들.
en-ko
And what you can see is that nearly all the spider draglines surpass them.
Megfigyelhetik, hogy szinte bármelyik pókselyemszál sokkalta erősebb.
en-hu
It's the combination of strength, extensibility and toughness that makes spider silk so special, and that has attracted the attention of biomimeticists, so people that turn to nature to try to find new solutions.
Vahvuuden, laajenemiskyvyn ja sitkeyden yhdistelmä tekee hämähäkin seitistä erityisen, ja se on kiinnittänyt biomimeetikkojen huomion, ihmisten, jotka kääntyvät luonnon puoleen löytääkseen uusia ratkaisuja.
en-fi
And the strength, extensibility and toughness of spider silks combined with the fact that silks do not elicit an immune response, have attracted a lot of interest in the use of spider silks in biomedical applications, for example, as a component of artificial tendons, for serving as guides to regrow nerves, and for sca...
E forza, estensibilità e robustezza della seta, unite al fatto che la seta non causa risposte immunitarie, hanno attirato molto interesse per l'impiego della seta in applicazioni biomediche, ad esempio come componente di tendini artificiali, come guide per la ricrescita di nervi e per strutture per la crescita di tessu...
en-it
Spider silks also have a lot of potential for their anti-ballistic capabilities.
クモの糸は防弾性材質としても 多くの可能性を秘めています
en-ja
Silks could be incorporated into body and equipment armor that would be more lightweight and flexible than any armor available today.
Seide könnte in Panzerung für Körper und Ausrüstung integriert werden, die sehr viel leichter und flexibler wäre als jede heute erhältliche Panzerung.
en-de
In addition to these biomimetic applications of spider silks, personally, I find studying spider silks just fascinating in and of itself.
Pe langa aceste aplicatii biomimetice ale mătăsii de păianjen, personal, găsesc studierea mătăsii păianjenilor fascinanta prin ea insasi.
en-ro
I love when I'm in the laboratory, a new spider silk sequence comes in.
Adoro quando estou no laboratório e uma nova sequência de seda de aranha aparece.
en-pt-br
That's just the best. (Laughter) It's like the spiders are sharing an ancient secret with me, and that's why I'm going to spend the rest of my life studying spider silk.
É do melhor que pode haver. (Riso) É como se as aranhas partilhassem um antigo segredo comigo e é por isso que vou passar o resto da minha vida a estudar a seda de aranha.
en-pt
The next time you see a spider web, please, pause and look a little closer.
Nästa gång ni ser ett spindelnät snälla stanna upp och titta lite närmare.
en-sv
You'll be seeing one of the most high-performance materials known to man.
Uvidíte jeden z nejvýkonnějších materiálů, který člověk poznal.
en-cs
To borrow from the writings of a spider named Charlotte, silk is terrific.
『シャーロットのおくりもの』の クモのシャーロットが紡いだように クモの糸は「すばらしい」です
en-ja
Thank you. (Applause) (Applause)
Mange tak. (klapsalve)
en-da
Over the last 13 years -- one, three, 13 years -- I've been part of an exceptional team at InSightec in Israel and partners around the world for taking this idea, this concept, noninvasive surgery, from the research lab to routine clinical use.
Durante los últimos 13 años (uno-tres, trece años) he sido parte de un equipo increíble en InSightec en Israel y en lugares asociados por todo el mundo donde estamos llevando esta idea, este concepto de cirugía no invasiva del laboratorio de investigación al uso clínico normal.
en-es
And this is what I'll tell you about.
A o tom vám teď povím.
en-cs
13 years -- for some of you, you can empathize with that number.
13 gadi, daži no jums var saprast šo skaitli.
en-lv
For me, today, on this date, it's like a second bar mitzvah experience.
Pentru mine, azi, la această dată, e ca a doua experienţă bar mitzvah.
en-ro
(Laughter) So this dream is really enabled by the convergence of two known technologies.
(risos) Então este sonho foi possível pela convergência de duas conhecidas tecnologias.
en-pt-br
One is the focused ultrasound, and the other one is the vision-enabled magnetic resonance imaging.
Az egyik a fókuszált ultrahang, és a másik pedig a mágneses rezonanciás képalkotó eljárás.
en-hu
So let's first talk about focused ultrasound.
Ma parliamo prima degli ultrasuoni mirati.
en-it
And I hold in my hand a tissue-mimicking phantom.
Ich halte hier ein Gewebe nachahmendes Modell.
en-de
It is made out of silicon.
Je vyrobená z kremíku.
en-sk
It is transparent, made just for you.
E' trasparente, l'ho realizzato per questa occasione.
en-it
So you see, it's all intact, completely transparent.
Como podem ver, está íntegro, completamente transparente.
en-pt
I'll take you now to the acoustic lab.
では音響実験装置をお見せします
en-ja
You see the phantom within the aquarium.
Vocês vêem a peça dentro do aquário.
en-pt-br
This is a setup I put in a physics lab.
C'est une installation que j'ai faite dans un laboratoire de physique.
en-fr
On the right-hand side, you see an ultrasonic transducer.
З правого боку ви бачите ультразвуковий випромінювач.
en-uk
So the ultrasonic transducer emits basically an ultrasonic beam that focuses inside the phantom.
Dakle, ultrazvučni transduser emitira zapravo ultrazvučnu zraku koja se fokusira unutar fantoma.
en-hr
Okay, when you hear the click, this is when the energy starts to emit and you see a little lesion form inside the phantom.
Oké, amikor hallják a klikket, tehát amikor kezdődik az energia kisugárzása, láthatnak egy kis sérülést a fantom belsejében.
en-hu
Okay, so everything around it is whole and intact.
Ok, totul în jur e întreg şi intact.
en-ro
It's just a lesion formed inside.
Die Risse begrenzen sich auf das Innere.
en-de
So think about, this is in your brain.
Gândiţi-vă că asta e în creierul vostru.
en-ro
We need to reach a target inside the brain.
Dobbiamo colpire un obiettivo al suo interno.
en-it
We can do it without harming any tissue.
Μπορούμε να το κάνουμε χωρίς να πειράξουμε κανένα ιστό.
en-el
So this is, I think, the first kosher Hippocratic surgical system.
بنابر این فکر میکنیم این اولین سیستم جراحی بقراطی پاک و حلال است. بنابر این فکر میکنیم این اولین سیستم جراحی بقراطی پاک و حلال است.
en-fa
(Laughter) Okay, so let's talk a little bit about ultrasound, the force of ultrasound.
(risos) Ok, vamos falar um pouco sobre ultrassons, a força dos ultrassons.
en-pt
You know all about imaging, right, ultrasound imaging.
No es necesario explicar las imágenes de ultrasonido.
en-es
And you know also about lithotripsy -- breaking kidney stones.
Знаете също така за литотрипсията -- разбиването на бъречните камъни.
en-bg
But ultrasound can be shaped to be anything in between, because it's a mechanical force.
Ale ultradźwięki mogą być kształtowane by być wszystkim pomiędzy, ponieważ jest to siła mechaniczna.
en-pl
Basically, it's a force acting on a tissue that it transverses.
اساسا ، این یک نیرویست که بر بافت بصورت عرضی ( ضربدری ) وارد میشود. اساسا ، این یک نیرویست که بر بافت بصورت عرضی ( ضربدری ) وارد میشود.
en-fa
So you can change the intensity, the frequency, the duration, the pulse shape of the ultrasound to create anything from an airbrush to a hammer.
כך שניתן לשנות את העוצמה, התדירות, את משך הפעולה, את הצורה של פעימת האולטרסאונד כדי ליצור כל דבר ממברשת אויר לצביעה ועד לפטיש.
en-he
And I am going to show you multiple applications in the medical field that can be enabled just by focusing, physically focusing.
Ukážu vám rozmanitá uplatnění na poli medicíny, která jsou možná díky zaostření, fyzickému zaostření.
en-cs
So this idea of harnessing focused ultrasound to treat lesions in the brain is not new at all.
Dit idee om met gericht ultrageluid letsels in de hersenen te behandelen is niet nieuw.
en-nl
When I was born, this idea was already conceived by pioneers such as the Fry brothers and Lars Leksell, who is know actually as the inventor of the gammaknife.
Коли я народився, ця ідея вже була сформульована такими зачинателями як брати Фрай та Ларс Лекселл, який, власне, відомий як винахідник гамма-ножа.
en-uk
But you may not know that he tried to perform lobotomies in the brain, noninvasively, with focused ultrasound in the '50s.
Но, возможно, вы не знаете, что он пытался осуществить лоботомию мозга неинвазивно, при помощи сфокусированного ультразвука в 50-x.
en-ru
He failed, so he then invented the gammaknife.
그는 실패했습니다 그래서 그는 그뒤로 감마 나이프를 발명했습니다
en-ko
And it makes you ponder why those pioneers failed.
Tas liek aizdomāties, kādēļ šiem celmlaužiem tas neizdevās.
en-lv
And there was something fundamental that they were missing.
Manjkalo jim je nekaj bistvenega.
en-sl
They were missing the vision.
Manjkala jim je vizija.
en-sl
It wasn't until the invention of the MR and really the integration of MR with focused ultrasound that we could get the feedback -- both the anatomical and the physiological in order to have a completely noninvasive, closed-loop surgical procedure.
Šele z odkritjem slikanja z magnetno resonanco (MRI) in njeno združitvijo z usmerjenim ultrazvokom smo dobili odziv, tako anatomski kot fiziološki, in tako ustvarili popolnoma neinvaziven, zaprtozančni kirurški poseg.
en-sl
So this is how it looks, you know, the operating room of the future today.
אז כך זה נראה היום, חדר הניתוח העתידי - היום.
en-he
This is an MR suite with a focused ultrasound system.
這是搭配了聚焦超音波系統的磁振造影設備。
en-zh-tw
And I will give you several examples.
Và tôi sẽ cho quí vị xem nhiều ví dụ.
en-vi
So the first one is in the brain.
E para, në tru
en-sq
One of the neurological conditions that can be treated with focused ultrasound are movement disorders, like Parkinson's or essential tremor.
Едни от неврологичните състояния, които могат да бъдат лекувани с фокусиран ултразвук са двигателните нарушения, като Паркинсон или тремор.
en-bg
What is typical to those conditions, to essential tremor for example, is inability to drink or eat cereal or soup without spilling everything all over you, or write legibly so people can understand it, and be really independent in your life without the help of others.
Bu hastalıklarda tipik olan örneğin esansiyel tremorda, üste-başa dökmeden su içmek, mısır gevreği yemek, çorba içmek gibi şeyler yapamamak ya da insanların anlayabileceği şekilde okunaklı yazamamak ve dolayısıyla başkalarının yardımı olmadan bağımsız bir yaşam sürememek.
en-tr
So I'd like you to meet John.
여러분께 John을 소개드리고자 합니다
en-ko
John is a retired professor of history from Virginia.
Ο John είναι συνταξιούχος καθηγητής ιστορίας από την Virginia.
en-el
So he suffered from essential tremor for many years.
عانى من مرض الهزة الأساسية لسنوات عديدة.
en-ar
And medication didn't help him anymore.
zdravila pa mu niso več pomagala.
en-sl
And many of those patients refused to undergo surgery to have people cut into their brain.
許多患這種病的人拒絕接受 讓人切割大腦的手術。
en-zh-tw
And about four or five months ago, he underwent an experimental procedure.
Ma circa 4-5 mesi fa si è sottoposto a una procedura sperimentale.
en-it
It is approved under an FDAIDE at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville using focused ultrasound to ablate a point in his thalamus.
Под одобрението на FDAIDE (организация, отговаряща за експериментални апарати, процедури и т.н.) към Университета на Вирджиния в Шарлотсвил, използвахме фокусиран ултразвук да отстраним точица от неговият таламус.
en-bg
And this is his handwriting.
И това е неговият почерк.
en-bg
"On June 20th," if you can read it, "2011."
「在 6 月 20 號」 如果你有看見的話， 「2011年」
en-zh-tw
This is his handwriting on the morning of the treatment before going into the MR So now I'll take you through [what] a typical procedure like that looks like, [what] noninvasive surgery looks like.
Dit was zijn handschrift op de ochtend van de behandeling voordat hij onder de MR ging. Nu toon ik jullie een typische procedure van niet-invasieve chirurgie.
en-nl
So we put the patient on the MR table.
Ponemos al paciente en la mesa de RM.
en-es
We attach a transducer, in this case, to the brain, but if it will be a different organ, it will be a different transducer attached to the patient.
Mēs pievienojam signāldevēju, šajā gadījumā smadzenēm, taču ja pievienotu pie cita orgāna, pacientam tiktu pievienots cits signāla devējs.
en-lv
And the physician will then take a regular MR scan.
І тоді фізіолог проводить звичайно магнітно-резонансне сканування.
en-uk
And the objective of that?
Cilj toga?
en-sr
I don't have a pointer here, but you see the green, sort of rectangle or trapezoid?
Ich habe keinen Pointer dabei, aber sehen Sie das grüne, trapezartige Etwas?
en-de
This is the sort of general area of the treatment.
זה בערך אזור הטיפול.
en-he
It's a safety boundary around the target.
C'est une frontière de sécurité autour de la cible.
en-fr
It's a target in the thalamus.
Tím je bod v thalamu.
en-cs
So once those pictures are acquired and the physician has drawn all the necessary safety limits and so on, he selects basically a point -- you see the round point in the middle where the cursor is -- and he presses this blue button called "sonicate."
Pro jednou, když jsou získány snímky a lékař zakreslil všechny nezbytné bezpečnostní limity a tak, vybere v podstatě bod -- vidíte kulatý bod uprostřed, tam kde je kursor -- a mačká tohle modré tlačítko s nápisem "ozářit."
en-cs
We call this instance of injecting the energy, we call it sonication.
Diese Art der Energieanwendung nennen wir Beschallung.
en-de
The only handwork the physician does here is moving a mouse.
医生唯一的体力活就是 移动鼠标
en-zh-cn
This is the only device he needs in this treatment.
이것이 그가 치료에 있어서 필요한 유일한 장치입니다
en-ko
So he presses "sonicate," and this is what happens.
Zmáčkne "ozářit" a toto se stane.
en-cs