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People signed those loans to buy houses, without truly understanding what they were signing. | Mensen ondertekenden leningen om huizen te kopen, zonder echt te begrijpen wat ze ondertekenden. | en-nl |
Because if they knew what they were signing, they'd know that as soon as the interest rate started to rise, the monthly payment would also increase, they wouldn't be able to pay anymore and they would end up without a house. | لإنهم لو عرفوا ما الذي يوقعون عليه، كانوا سيدركون أنه بمجرد أن تبدأ نسبة الفائدة بالزيادة ستزداد قيمة القسط الشهري وماكانوا ل يستطيعوا الدفع أكثر و سينتهي بهم الأمر دون منزل | en-ar |
So, the rest, after that, next, everything crumbled down and we know the rest. | 那之後，一切開始瓦解， 後續我們都知道了。 | en-zh-tw |
Do you think that if there was a culture of clarity in the financial sector things would have got up to where they've got? | 如果金融部門有著清晰表達的傳統， 你認為事情還會演變成那樣嗎？ | en-zh-tw |
I don't think so. So, how do you solve this problem, this such big difference between the literacy [rate] of the Portuguese, that is down here, and the complexity of the public documents, those ones we need to understand in our daily lives, sorry, that are up here? | Penso di no. Quindi, è così: com'è che si risolve questo problema, questa differenza così grande tra l'alfabetizzazione portoghese, che abbiamo qui, e la complessità dei documenti pubblici, quelli che abbiamo necessità di capire quotidianamente, qui davanti a noi? | en-it |
So, the first think that comes to mind is, "If literacy is down here, let's make it rise" -- isn't it? | כך, הדבר הראשון שעולה על דעתי הוא, "אם האוריינות כאן למטה, בואו נרים אותה" -- נכון? | en-he |
Let's educate people. | 是吗？让我们来教育人群。 | en-zh-cn |
Let's, let's... of course we will, of course we will educate people. | 當然，我們會教育大眾。 | en-zh-tw |
The thing is, it's hard and it's slow. And I don't even want to imagine how many generations it will take until we are at Sweden's level. | 問題是，這很難，而且速度很慢。 我甚至不敢想像，需要經過多少世代， 我們才能達到瑞典的水平？ | en-zh-tw |
But, besides that, it's not only because it is slow. There is another problem. | Mas não é só porque é lento. | en-pt-br |
If the language of the documents isn't simpler, we've already seen that people, even with a high literacy level, like you, if the language is hard, they don't get cleared, they continue to be unable to understand these documents. | Há outro problema. Se a linguagem dos documentos não for mais simples, nós já vimos que pessoas, mesmo com um nível de literacia elevado, como vocês, se a linguagem for difícil, não ficam resolvidos, continuam sem ser capazes de perceber estes documentos. | en-pt |
So, besides increasing literacy [rate], and for now, it's much more important to reduce the complexity of documents and simplify the language. | 所以，现在，除了需要提高读写率以外， 更重要的是去降低文件的复杂程度， 去简化语言。 | en-zh-cn |
I'm going to show you an example. | Vi mostrerò un esempio. | en-it |
When I talk about simplifying the language. Notice! | Quand je parle de simplifier le langage. | en-fr |
On the left side of a contract: "It is agreed that the insurance company, bla bla bla, bla bla bla, bla bla..." | Regardez ! À la gauche d'un contrat : « Il est convenu que la compagnie d'assurances, bla bla bla... » | en-fr |
This is a before and after example. What do we mean with simplifying language? | 這是一個簡化前後比較的例子。 簡化用語是什麽意思？ | en-zh-tw |
It's communicating in a simple and clear way, enabling our reader to understand it at first glance. | إنه تواصل في صورة بسيطة و مفهومة، تمكين القارئ من فهمها بمجرد النظر | en-ar |
What do you prefer? Before or after? | Wat verkies je? | en-nl |
There isn't much doubt, is there? | Non c'è nessun dubbio, giusto? | en-it |
So, how is this achieved? How can you make the State and companies communicate with citizens in a language they can understand at first glance? | אז מה הדרך להשיג זאת? איך לגרום למדינה ולתאגידים לתקשר עם האזרחים בשפה שיבינו במבט ראשון? | en-he |
There are several ways. There are countries that are going by the path of legislation. | Есть несколько способов. В некоторых странах это установлено на законодательном уровне. | en-ru |
For example, Sweden and the United States introduced, last year, a legislation that forces the State to communicate with people in a language they can understand. | Par exemple, la Suède et les États-Unis ont introduit, l'an dernier, une loi qui oblige l'État à communiquer dans un langage compréhensible. | en-fr |
And you think, "Well, that's normal. They are countries that are a bit ahead. | และฉันคิดว่า "เอาล่ะ นั่นมันก็ปกติดีนะ พวกเขาเป็นประเทศที่ค่อนข้างจะเจริญกว่าเรา | en-th |
"Sweden, maybe, much more than the United States. | Швеция, возможно, даже чуть опережает США. | en-ru |
"But they are countries that are a bit ahead. | แต่พวกเขาก็ยังเป็นประเทศที่เจริญกว่าเรา | en-th |
"It would be nice if in our country there was also legislation towards that, wouldn't it be?" | 要是我國也有這類的立法 該有多棒啊？」 | en-zh-tw |
So it would. And there is! Since 1999. | Pues existe, ahí está desde 1999. | en-es |
The Law of the Administrative Modernization says that the communication between the State and the people should be simple, clear, concise, meaningful, without acronyms, bla bla bla... | Desde 1999. A Lei da Modernização Administrativa diz que a comunicação entre o Estado e as pessoas deve ser simples, clara, concisa, significativa, sem siglas, blá, blá, blá. | en-pt-br |
But the thing is: it is not applied. So, the question, the path of going through legislation, enforcing through legislation, works in those countries where laws are made to be applied. | ecc. Solo che non si applica. Perciò, il problema del percorso legislativo che obbliga attraverso la legislazione funziona in quei paesi dove le leggi sono fatte per essere applicate. | en-it |
Now, there is another way, the way of marketing. | Ancora un altro modo: quello del marketing. | en-it |
How does that work? It's like this: private companies change their language; communicate in a clearer and simpler way, they make a big fuss about it, consumers love it, the sales rise, it works beautifully. | كيف يعمل هذا؟ كالتالي: الشركات الخاصة تغير لغتها: فتتواصل بطريقة مفهومة اكثر وبطريقة أبسط يصنعون ضجة ضخمة حول هذاالأمرالمستهلكون يحبون هذا المبيعات تزداد،الأمر سيعمل بشكل جميل | en-ar |
But it works for the private sector. | Ma funziona per il settore privato. | en-it |
Now, what is the third path, and to me, the most important one? | כעת, מה הדרך השלישית, ולדידי, החשובה ביותר? | en-he |
It's the path of civil movements, that are based in a mentality shift. | É o caminho dos movimentos cívicos, que se baseiam numa mudança de mentalidade. | en-pt-br |
In countries where this really went forward -- do you remember the English label, of the "Plain English Campaign"? -- this is all based on a consumers' movement. | במדינות בהן זה ממש התקדם -- זוכרים את הכותרת "מערכה למען אנגלית פשוטה"? כל זה מבוסס על תנועת צרכנים. | en-he |
So, what does it take for that civic movement to happen? | 그러면 시민 운동이 일어나려면 어떻게 해야 될까요? | en-ko |
We need to understand two very important things: First, wanting to understand these public documents is not a whim, is not an intellectual curiosity. | Tenemos que entender dos cosas muy importantes: En primer lugar, el deseo de entender los documentos públicos no es un capricho, no es una curiosidad intelectual, | en-es |
It is a necessity that I have in my daily life. | É uma necessidade que eu tenho no meu dia-a-dia. | en-pt |
And above all, it is a right, it is everyone's right. | Et avant tout, c'est un droit, c'est le droit de tout un chacun. | en-fr |
On this side we have: understanding is a right. | 이면에는 이게 있죠: 알아듣는 것은 권리이다. | en-ko |
And we have to understand another thing too, which is: he who writes, has to write in order to be understood. | E temos que perceber outra coisa, também, que é: quem escreve, tem que escrever para ser compreendido. | en-pt |
How do we get there? | איך משיגים זאת? | en-he |
First of all: we have to become demanding consumers and citizens. | Nous devons tout d'abord devenir exigeants en tant que consommateurs et citoyens. | en-fr |
Think it this way: next time someone gives you a document that you just simply don't understand, don't be shy, don't keep quiet, pretending that you are understanding everything. | 可以這麼想： 下次有人給你一份文件， 而如果你無法理解這份文件，別害羞， 不要保持靜默，假裝你全看得懂。 | en-zh-tw |
No! Demand to understand. Ask. | Não! Exijam compreender. | en-pt-br |
I know that this is not easy. Turn to the gentleman in the little suite and say: "Look here, this contract, this part, what does this mean?" | Demandez. Je sais que ce n'est pas facile. Adressez-vous au monsieur dans son bureau et demandez : « Ce contrat, cette partie, qu'est-ce que ça veut dire ? | en-fr |
It's not easy, and perhaps it's even a bit embarrassing, isn't it? | Это совсем не просто и, возможно, даже немного неловко, не так ли? | en-ru |
But it is not. It's a sign of intelligence. | 그러나 그렇지 않습니다. 이건 영리함의 신호에요. | en-ko |
What do you teach your children when they have doubts in school? | คุณสอนลูก ๆ คุณอย่างไร เมื่อเขาเกิดความสงสัยที่โรงเรียน | en-th |
"Don't say nothing to anyone, shut up really good and act smart." | "Niemand iets zeggen, zwijg, en doe of je slim bent?" | en-nl |
No, you don't, right? You say: "Look, when you don't understand, you put your hand up in the air and ask the teacher until you are cleared." | » Vous ne faites pas ça, non ? Vous dites : « Si tu ne comprends pas, lève ta main et demande jusqu'à ce que tu comprennes. | en-fr |
And that is exactly what we have to do, as consumers and citizens. | Dat is precies wat we moeten doen als consumenten en burgers. | en-nl |
So, next time you come across with a document you don't understand, demand to understand, put aside your pride and ask until you get completely cleared. | إذا، فالمرة القادمة التي يقابلك فيها وثيقة لا تفهمها طالب بأن تفهم، ضع كبريائك جانباً وأسأل حتى يتضح كل شئ لك تماما | en-ar |
Then, there's the other side, which is: "Okay, these awful documents "which are in circulation, they don't grow on trees. | 그러면 다른 면이 있겠죠, 아마도 "그래, 이건 끔직한 문서야," "순환의 고리에 빠진, 이건 쉽게 얻어지지 않아." | en-ko |
"Someone wrote them." Hum? | "누군가 이것을 썼겟지." | en-ko |
Maybe, among this big group, some persons... | บางที ในกลุ่มคนจำนวนมากนี้ ใครสักคน ... | en-th |
I don't know, some lawyers, some public employees -- I'm not asking you to identify yourselves, but I ask you to search your own conscience. | 我也不清楚，一些律师，一些公职人员—— 我不是在要求你们去指认自己， 我是在要求你们寻找自己的良知。 | en-zh-cn |
How many times do you write documents for the general public, for people that don't share your language, and you write them in a language that only you will understand? | 일반 대중을 위해 문서를 쓴 적이 몇 번이나 되는지, 당신들의 언어를 이해하지 못하는 대중들을 위해서요, 그리고 당신은 오직 당신만 이해할 수 있는 언어로 쓰진 않았는지. | en-ko |
And you'll say: "Ah, that's because there is a reason, here!" | 然后你们会说：“额，那是有原因的，这儿！” | en-zh-cn |
Dear friends, I already heard all the reasons. | ידידים יקרים, שמעתי את כל הסיבות. | en-he |
There are thousands of reasons. They go like these: "Ah, it's the house's culture"; "Oh, my boss!" | هناك آلاف الأسباب،يكونون على هذا المنوال "أه، إنها ثقافة المكان": "آه،إنه مديري" | en-ar |
"Oh, the judge! And what if this goes to court?" | "โอ้ ผู้พิพากษา และถ้าต้องไปที่ศาลล่ะ" | en-th |
"What you want is to destroy language. We have to educate people." | "당신은 언어파괴를 원하고 있어요. 우리는 사람들을 가르쳐야 합니다." | en-ko |
"We can't lower the level"; bla, bla, bla... | » « Nous ne pouvons pas baisser le niveau » etc | en-fr |
I've seen all of this. These are excuses. | لقد رأيت كل هذا، هذه كلها أعذار | en-ar |
A while ago, they told us about Einstein. | São desculpas. Há pouco, falaram do Einstein. | en-pt-br |
Einstein said this: "If you can't write about a subject, in a simple way, it's because, in fact, you don't understand it." | O Einstein diz assim: "Se você não consegue escrever sobre um assunto de uma forma simples, é porque na verdade não o entende". | en-pt-br |
So, if you... (Applause) To Einstein... (Applause) To Einstein...(Applause) So -- ah, ah, I don't have time! -- so, if you do know what you want to say -- don't you? -- you are aware of what you want to say, you just have to do one thing: believe that it is possible to write in a simple way. | إذا، لو أنك.... (تصفيق) ل أينشتاين (تصفيق) إذا -- آه, لم يعد لدي وقت!-- إذا، لو إنك تعرف ماذا تريد أن تقول-- أليس كذلك-- أنت مدرك لما تريد أن تقوله، يجب عليك أن تفعل شئ واحد فقط: تصدق أنه من الممكن أن تكتب ب طريقة بسيطة | en-ar |
It's very easy. You write to your grandmother. Hum? | إنه أمر سهل جدا. أنت تكتب ل جدتك. | en-ar |
You write to your grandmother. I'm going to show grandma to you. | Hein ? Vous écrivez à votre grand-mère. | en-fr |
(Laughter) You write with respect and without paternalism. | (צחוק) אתם כותבים מכובד, וללא התנשאות. | en-he |
And you use three techniques that I'm going to teach you. First of all: Start by the most important. | 然後採用我待會兒要 傳授給你的三個技巧。 第一：從最重要的部分開始寫。 | en-zh-tw |
Grandma has a lot to do. She is not going to read three pages to get to the main idea. | 할머니는 할게 많아요. 그는 요점 파악을 위해 세쪽을 다 읽지 않을 거예요. | en-ko |
Start by the most important. | Начинайте с самого значительного. | en-ru |
Next, use short sentences, because grandma, like anyone of us, if you make very long sentences, she gets to the end and she can't remember what you said in the beginning, anymore. | A continuación, usen frases cortas, porque la abuela, como cualquiera de nosotros, si hay frases muy largas, al llegar al final no puede recordar de lo que se dijo al principio. | en-es |
And lastly, the third, use plain words, those ones that grandma knows. | Dernièrement, utilisez des mots simples, ceux que grand-mère connaît. | en-fr |
Alright? It's easy! | Tá bem? É fácil! | en-pt-br |
Before I leave, I would like to talk to you about "Clara" (Clear). "Clara" is a project of social responsibility. | До того, как я покину эту сцену, я хочу рассказать о проекте «Кларо» — проект общественной ответственности. | en-ru |
It has this mission: to change the way how public communication is made. | מטרתו: שינוי אופן התקשורת הציבורית. | en-he |
What do we do? | Que faisons-nous ? | en-fr |
We are going to launch this year a collection of "Claro" guides, that is, we are going to pick very, very, very complex subjects and put them simple. | 今年我們將會推出 一系列「Claro」指南。 也就是說，我們要選一些非常 非常複雜的主題，並將它們簡化。 | en-zh-tw |
We are going to start with the "Claro" Guide of Justice. | سنبدأ ب "Claro" كتيب ارشادي في القضاء. | en-ar |
I think it is an area... that comes in handy. (Applause) And now I'm going to follow Manuel [Forjaz]'s advise. If it's time to ask, whoever wants to sponsor the "Claro" Guide of Justice -- I don't know... | de Justicia. Creo que es algo que viene muy bien. (Aplausos) Y sigo el consejo de Manuel Forjaz. Si es el momento de pedir, el que quiera patrocinar la Guía "claro!" | en-es |
for example, the EDP Foundation, or...ha? -- come talk to me later. | например, группа EDP, или... а? Спроси́те у меня чуть позже. | en-ru |
Another thing we will do is to grant prizes to the worse and best documents, because, indeed, there are people who are working to communicate in a clearer way, and that have to be rewarded, and there are lazy people that do nothing about it and need to be humiliated. | 我们做的另一件事，就是 给最好和最糟糕的文件颁奖， 因为，事实上，有不少人正为 语言的简洁化目标奋斗着， 他们需要被嘉奖， 而那些对此熟视无睹的懒人们， 他们需要被羞辱。 | en-zh-cn |
So, we'll give prizes to the worst and to the best. | Nous allons donc donner ces prix. | en-fr |
I'm counting on your help. (Applause) (Applause) We are going to launch... we are going to launch the campaign via Clara's Facebook, so, send your friendship request and you'll be up to date. | أنا أعتمد على مساعدتكم. (تصفيق) (تصفيق) سنقوم بالإنطلاق... سنقوم بالإنطلاق الحملة على صفحة Claroعلى الفيس بوك أرسلوا طلبات الصداقة و ستطلعون على آخر التحديثات | en-ar |
But, lastly, above all, what does "Clara" want? | لكن, فوق كل شئ, مالذي تريده Claro؟ | en-ar |
It wants to put two little things in your heads. | Vuole mettervi in testa due cosine. | en-it |
The first one: demand to understand. Don't be shy. | A primeira: exijam entender, não deixem de perguntar. | en-pt-br |
And write in order to be understood. Write to your grandma. | Non fermatevi. E scrivete per esser compresi. Scrivete per la nonna. | en-it |
And if you don't have a grandmother, write to Mr. Domingos, he will like it. | E se non avete la nonna, per il sig. Domingos, che apprezzerà molto. | en-it |
So historically there has been a huge divide between what people consider to be non-living systems on one side, and living systems on the other side. | Исторически существовало огромное различие между тем, что люди считали неживыми системами, с одной стороны, и живыми системами, с другой стороны. | en-ru |
So we go from, say, this beautiful and complex crystal as non-life, and this rather beautiful and complex cat on the other side. | Dat gaat van dit mooie en complexe kristal als niet-leven tot deze mooie en complexe kat aan de andere kant. | en-nl |
Over the last hundred and fifty years or so, science has kind of blurred this distinction between non-living and living systems, and now we consider that there may be a kind of continuum that exists between the two. | Nagyjából az utolsó százötven év alatt a tudomány valahogy elkente ezt a megkülönböztetést a nem-élő és az élő rendszerek között, és most úgy gondoljuk, hogy lehet egyfajta folytonosság a kettő között. | en-hu |
We'll just take one example here: a virus is a natural system, right? | אפשר לקחת דוגמא אחת מכאן: וירוס הוא מערכת טבעית, נכון? | en-he |
But it's very simple. It's very simplistic. | Maar het is heel simpel. Erg simplistisch. | en-nl |
It doesn't really satisfy all the requirements, it doesn't have all the characteristics of living systems and is in fact a parasite on other living systems in order to, say, reproduce and evolve. | É bastante simplista. De facto, não reúne todos os requisitos, não tem todas as características dos sistemas vivos e, na verdade, é um parasita de outros sistemas vivos para se reproduzir e evoluir. | en-pt |
But what we're going to be talking about here tonight are experiments done on this sort of non-living end of this spectrum -- so actually doing chemical experiments in the laboratory, mixing together nonliving ingredients to make new structures, and that these new structures might have some of the characteristics of li... | Но то, о чем мы сегодня будем говорить это эксперименты, проведенные на этом неживом крае спектра - так что на самом деле проводя химические эксперименты в лаборатории, смешивая вместе неживые ингредиенты для создания новых структур, и чтобы эти новые структуры могли иметь некоторые из характеристик живых систем. | en-ru |
Really what I'm talking about here is trying to create a kind of artificial life. | Ono o čemu zapravo govorim jest pokušaj stvaranja neke vrste umjetnog života. | en-hr |
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