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We're animals, we need our moms. | Jesteśmy zwierzętami, potrzebujemy mam. | en-pl |
There has not been a decade of television without a definitive, dominant TV mom. | 電視一直以來 都沒有一個明確的母親的角色 | en-zh-tw |
The 1950s: June Cleever in the original comfort show, "Leave it to Beaver." | 1950-e: June Cleever u originalnoj emisiji utjehe, "Ostavite to Beaveru". | en-hr |
Lucille Ball kept us laughing through the rise of social consciousness in the 60s. | Луцил Бол продължи да ни разсмива през издигането на социалната осъзнатост през 60-те. | en-bg |
Maude Findlay, the epitome of the irreverent 1970s, who tackled abortion, divorce, even menopause on TV. | Maude Findlay, a tiszteletlen 1970-es évek típusa, aki a tévében foglalkozott az abortusszal, válással, sőt, még a klimaxszal is. | en-hu |
The 1980s, our first cougar was given to us in the form of Alexis Carrington. | Di tahun 1980-an, tante girang kita pertama muncul dalam bentuk Alexis Carrington. | en-id |
Murphy Brown took on a vice president when she took on the idea of single parenthood. | Η Μέρφι Μπράουν τα έβαλε με έναν αντιπρόεδρο όταν υιοθέτησε την ιδέα της μονογονεϊκής οικογένειας. | en-el |
This era's mom, Bree Van de Kamp. | Matką tej ery jest Bree Van de Kamp. | en-pl |
Now I don't know if this is the devil or the angel sitting on our conscience, sitting on television's shoulders, but I do know that I absolutely love this image. | حالا من نمی دونم این شیطانه یا فرشته که روی وجدان ما، و روی شانه های تلویزیون نشسته، ولی اینو می دونم که من قطعاً عاشق این تصویر هستم. | en-fa |
So to you all, the women of TEDWomen, the men of TEDWomen, the global audiences of TEDWomen, thank you for letting me present my idea about the conscience of television. | Zwracam się do wszystkich was, kobiet TEDwomen, mężczyzn TEDwomen, widzów TEDwomen na całym świecie. Dziekuję za uwagę i wysłuchanie mojej ideii o świadomosci telewizji. | en-pl |
But let me also thank the incredible creators who get up everyday to put their ideas on our television screens throughout all these ages of television. | Θα ήθελα επίσης να ευχαριστήσω τους δημιουργούς που σηκώνονται κάθε ημέρα για να κάνουν τις ιδέες τους πραγματικότητα στις οθόνες μας καθόλη τη διάρκεια των ετών τηλεόρασης. | en-el |
They give it life on television, for sure, but it's you as viewers, through your collective social consciences, that give it life, longevity, power or not. | Viņi, protams, tās iedzīvina televīzijā, taču jūs kā skatītāji, caur savu kopējo sociālo zemapziņu, sniedzat tām dzīvi, ilgu mūžu, spēku vai arī to liedzat. | en-lv |
So thanks very much. | Así que moitas grazas. | en-gl |
Let's talk about billions. | Vamos falar de milhares de milhões. | en-pt |
Let's talk about past and future billions. | دعونا نتحدث عن البلايين الماضية والمستقبلية . | en-ar |
We know that about 106 billion people have ever lived. | Nós sabemos que já viveram cerca de 106 mil milhões de pessoas. | en-pt |
And we know that most of them are dead. | Et nous savons que la plupart d'entre eux sont morts. | en-fr |
And we also know that most of them live or lived in Asia. | Нам также известно, что большинство из них живут или жили в Азии. | en-ru |
And we also know that most of them were or are very poor -- did not live for very long. | ما همچنین میدانیم که بیشتر آنها خیلی فقیر بوده و یا خیلی فقیر هستند-- و مدت زیادی زندگی نکرده اند. | en-fa |
Let's talk about the 195,000 billion dollars of wealth in the world today. | 今日 世界には 195兆ドル相当の富が存在します 195兆ドル相当の富が存在します | en-ja |
We know that most of that wealth was made after the year 1800. | Sabem que la major part d'aquesta riquesa es va produir després del 1800 | en-ca |
And we know that most of it is currently owned by people we might call Westerners: Europeans, North Americans, Australasians. | ואנחנו יודעים שרובו כרגע שייך לאנשים שניתן לכנותם מערביים: אירופאים, צפון אמריקאים, אוסטרלים. | en-he |
19 percent of the world's population today, Westerners own two-thirds of its wealth. | ซึ่งคิดเป็นเพียง 19% ของประชากรโลกทั้งหมด แต่ชาวตะวันตกเป็นเจ้าของถึง 2 ใน 3 ของทรัพย์สินรวมทั้งหมด | en-th |
Economic historians call this "The Great Divergence." | Ekonomski povjesničari nazivaju ovo Velikom divergencijom. | en-hr |
And this slide here is the best simplification of the Great Divergence story I can offer you. | Y esta diapositiva es la mejor simplificación de la historia de la Gran Divergencia que puedo ofrecerles. | en-es |
It's basically two ratios of per capita GDP, per capita gross domestic product, so average income. | Das sind grundlegend zwei Verhältnisse von pro Kopf BIP pro Kopf Bruttoinlandsprodukt also das durchschnittliche Einkommen. | en-de |
One, the red line, is the ratio of British to Indian per capita income. | La línia vermella és la ràtio d'ingressos per càpita de Gran Bretanya a Índia. | en-ca |
And the blue line is the ratio of American to Chinese. | E la linea blu è il rapporto tra Americani e Cinesi. | en-it |
And this chart goes back to 1500. | Dhe ky grafik kthehet pas në 1500. | en-sq |
And you can see here that there's an exponential Great Divergence. | เราเห็นทันทีเลยว่า ความแตกต่างนั้นเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว | en-th |
They start off pretty close together. | Ata fillojnë pothuajse shumë afër njëri-tjetrit. | en-sq |
In fact, in 1500, the average Chinese was richer than the average North American. | למעשה, בשנת 1500, סיני ממוצע היה יותר עשיר מצפון אמריקאי ממוצע. | en-he |
When you get to the 1970s, which is where this chart ends, the average Briton is more than 10 times richer than the average Indian. | Když však dospějeme do 70.let 20.století, kde tento graf končí, je už průměrný Brit desetkrát bohatší než průměrný Ind. | en-cs |
And that's allowing for differences in the cost of living. | Ovo uključuje i razlike u troškovima života. | en-sr |
It's based on purchasing power parity. | זה מבוסס על שווי כוח הקנייה. | en-he |
The average American is nearly 20 times richer than the average Chinese by the 1970s. | Der durchschnittliche Amerikaner ist nahezu 20 mal reicher als der durchschnittliche Chinese in den 1970ern. | en-de |
So why? | De ce? | en-ro |
This wasn't just an economic story. | นี่ไม่ได้เป็นแค่ประเด็นทางเศรษฐศาสตร์เท่านั้น | en-th |
If you take the 10 countries that went on to become the Western empires, in 1500 they were really quite tiny -- five percent of the world's land surface, 16 percent of its population, maybe 20 percent of its income. | 後に 西洋列強となる 10の国々を見ると 1500年にはいずれも小国でした― 占める国土は世界の5% 人口は16% 所得は20%位でした | en-ja |
By 1913, these 10 countries, plus the United States, controlled vast global empires -- 58 percent of the world's territory, about the same percentage of its population, and a really huge, nearly three-quarters share of global economic output. | 1913-ra ez a 10 ország, plusz az Egyesült Államok, hatalmas globális birodalmakat iranyítottak -- a világ területének 58%-át, a lakosságának szintén nagyjából ennyi százalékát, és a világ gazdasági termelésének egy igazán hatalmas részét, majdnem háromnegyedét tették ki. | en-hu |
And notice, most of that went to the motherland, to the imperial metropoles, not to their colonial possessions. | Większość dochodów trafiała do krajów macierzystych, do imperialnych metropolii, nie do posiadanych kolonii. | en-pl |
Now you can't just blame this on imperialism -- though many people have tried to do so -- for two reasons. | Za ovo ne možete kriviti samo imperijalizam, iako su mnogi pokušali, i to iz dva razloga. | en-sr |
One, empire was the least original thing that the West did after 1500. | Unu, după 1500, imperiul nu era deloc o creație originală a Occidentului. | en-ro |
Everybody did empire. | Все создавали империи. | en-ru |
They beat preexisting Oriental empires like the Mughals and the Ottomans. | Они побеждали уже существующие Восточные Империи, такие, как империи монголов и османов. | en-ru |
So it really doesn't look like empire is a great explanation for the Great Divergence. | Il semble donc que l'empire ne soit pas une bonne explication de la Grande Divergence. | en-fr |
In any case, as you may remember, the Great Divergence reaches its zenith in the 1970s, some considerable time after decolonization. | De qualquer maneira, como devem lembrar, A Grande Divergência alcança o seu apogeu nos anos 70, um tempo considerável pós descolonização. | en-pt-br |
This is not a new question. | นี่ไม่ใช่คำถามใหม่ | en-th |
Samuel Johnson, the great lexicographer, [posed] it through his character Rasselas in his novel "Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia," published in 1759. | Samuel Johnson, der bedeutende Lexikograph, opponierte dagegen durch die Figur des Rasselas in seinem Roman "Rasselas, Prinz von Abessinien", veröffentlicht 1759. | en-de |
"By what means are the Europeans thus powerful; or why, since they can so easily visit Asia and Africa for trade or conquest, cannot the Asiaticks and Africans invade their coasts, plant colonies in their ports, and give laws to their natural princes? | "Wodurch sind die Europäer so machtvoll; oder warum, da sie so einfach Asien und Afrika bereisen können, zum Zweck des Handels oder der Eroberung, können nicht die Asiaten und Afrikaner an deren Küsten einmaschieren, in deren Häfen Kolonien errichten, und deren bisherigen Fürsten Gesetze auferlegen. | en-de |
The same wind that carries them back would bring us thither?" | Ngọn gió đã mang họ trở lại cũng sẽ mang chúng ta tới đó?" | en-vi |
That's a great question. | هذا سؤال مهم جداً. | en-ar |
And you know what, it was also being asked at roughly the same time by the Resterners -- by the people in the rest of the world -- like Ibrahim Muteferrika, an Ottoman official, the man who introduced printing, very belatedly, to the Ottoman Empire -- who said in a book published in 1731, "Why do Christian nations which were so weak in the past compared with Muslim nations begin to dominate so many lands in modern times and even defeat the once victorious Ottoman armies?" | E sabem o que mais, aproximadamente na mesma época isto estava sendo perguntado pelos “Resterners” – pelas pessoas no resto do mundo – como Ibrahim Muteferrika, um oficial Otomano, o homem que introduziu a imprensa, muito atrasadamente, ao Império Otomano – que disse em um livro publicado em 1731, “Por que as nações cristãs que eram tão fracas no passado em comparação com as muçulmanas começaram a dominar tantas terras nos tempos modernos e até derrotaram o antes vitorioso exército otomano?” | en-pt-br |
Unlike Rasselas, Muteferrika had an answer to that question, which was correct. | A diferència de Rasselas, Muteferrika tenia una resposta a aquesta pregunta que era correcta. | en-ca |
He said it was "because they have laws and rules invented by reason." | Он говорил, что причиной тому были "законы и правила, благоразумно созданные ими." | en-ru |
It's not geography. | 这跟地理无关 | en-zh-cn |
You may think we can explain the Great Divergence in terms of geography. | شاید شما فکر کنید که می توانیم " واگرایی بزرگ" را از نظر جغرافیا توضیح دهیم. | en-fa |
We know that's wrong, because we conducted two great natural experiments in the 20th century to see if geography mattered more than institutions. | My ale víme, že to není pravda, protože ve 20. století jsme provedli dva velké přirozené pokusy, abychom zjistili, zda na zeměpisné poloze záleží více než na institucích. | en-cs |
We took all the Germans, we divided them roughly in two, and we gave the ones in the East communism, and you see the result. | أخذنا كل الألمان، قسمناهم بالتقريب إلى نصفين، وأعطينا الذين فى القسم الشرقى، وترون النتائج. | en-ar |
Within an incredibly short period of time, people living in the German Democratic Republic produced Trabants, the Trabbi, one of the world's worst ever cars, while people in the West produced the Mercedes Benz. | Durant un període de temps increïblement curt, la gent que vivia a la República Democràtica Alemanya va produir Trabants, o el Trabbi, un dels pitjors cotxes del món, mentre la gent de l'oest produia Mercedes Benz. | en-ca |
If you still don't believe me, we conducted the experiment also in the Korean Peninsula. | Nếu bạn vẫn không tin tôi, chúng ta cũng thực hiện thí nghiệm đó ở bán đảo Hàn quốc. | en-vi |
And we decided we'd take Koreans in roughly the same geographical place with, notice, the same basic traditional culture, and we divided them in two, and we gave the Northerners communism. | І ми вирішили взяти корейців приблизно в одному і тому ж географічному місці із, зауважте, тією ж самою основною традиційною культурою, і розділити їх на дві частини, і дати сіверянам комунізм. | en-uk |
And the result is an even bigger divergence in a very short space of time than happened in Germany. | Dhe rezultati është një divergjencë edhe më të madhe në një hapësirë shumë të shkurtër kohe se sa ka ndodhur në Gjermani. | en-sq |
Not a big divergence in terms of uniform design for border guards admittedly, but in almost every other respect, it's a huge divergence. | Może niezbyt wielka w sensie mundurów służb granicznych, ale w prawie każdym innym aspekcie różnica była olbrzymia. | en-pl |
Which leads me to think that neither geography nor national character, popular explanations for this kind of thing, are really significant. | Przywodzi mi to na myśl, że ani geografia, ani charakter narodowy, czyli popularne wyjaśnienia tego typu spraw, nie są naprawdę ważne. | en-pl |
It's the ideas. | Причина — ідеї. | en-uk |
It's the institutions. | Es sind die Institutionen. | en-de |
This must be true because a Scotsman said it. | Dat moet waar zijn want een Schot zei het. | en-nl |
And I think I'm the only Scotsman here at the Edinburgh TED. | І я думаю, що я — єдиний шотландець тут, на TED в Единбурзі. | en-uk |
So let me just explain to you that the smartest man ever was a Scotsman. | dus ik zal even uitleggen waarom de slimste man ooit een Schot was. | en-nl |
He was Adam Smith -- not Billy Connolly, not Sean Connery -- though he is very smart indeed. | كان آدم سميث -- ليس بيللى كونولى ( موسيقى وكوميديان ) , ليس شون كونورى -- مع أنه حقاً ذكى جداً. | en-ar |
(Laughter) Smith -- and I want you to go and bow down before his statue in the Royal Mile; it's a wonderful statue -- Smith, in the "Wealth of Nations" published in 1776 -- that's the most important thing that happened that year ... | (Risos) Smith – e quero ir e prostrar-me perante a sua estátua na Milha Real (Royal Mile) é uma estátua maravilhosa – Smith, na “Riqueza das Nações” ' publicado em 1776 – isto foi o evento mais importante que aconteceu naquele ano ... | en-pt-br |
(Laughter) You bet. | (Gelach) Daar kun je donder op zeggen. | en-nl |
There was a little local difficulty in some of our minor colonies, but ... | Bio je nekih lokalnih problema u nekim našim manjim kolonijama, ali... | en-hr |
(Laughter) "China seems to have been long stationary, and probably long ago acquired that full complement of riches which is consistent with the nature of its laws and institutions. | (Сміх) «Китай, здається, вже давно стабілізувався, і, ймовірно, так само давно придбав повний комплект багатств, що узгоджується з природою його законів та інституцій. | en-uk |
But this complement may be much inferior to what, with other laws and institutions, the nature of its soil, climate, and situation might admit of." | Но возможно, что этот максимум богатств гораздо ниже того, который, при наличии других законов и учреждений, можно было бы приобрести при данном характере почвы, климата и положения страны". | en-ru |
That is so right and so cool. | Isto é muito correto e muito legal. | en-pt-br |
And he said it such a long time ago. | A on je to rekao vrlo davno. | en-hr |
But you know, this is a TED audience, and if I keep talking about institutions, you're going to turn off. | De mivel, ez itt egy TED közönség, és ha továbbra is intézményekről fogok beszélni, akkor Önök el fogják veszíteni a fonalat. | en-hu |
So I'm going to translate this into language that you can understand. | もっと馴染みのある表現にします | en-ja |
Let's call them the killer apps. | בואו נקרא להן האפליקציות ה"קטלניות". | en-he |
I want to explain to you that there were six killer apps that set the West apart from the rest. | 西洋が抜きん出て発展した理由を ６つのキラー・アプリで説明します | en-ja |
And they're kind of like the apps on your phone, in the sense that they look quite simple. | Ve bunlar cep telefonlarinizdaki uygulamalar gibi. cok basit gorunurler boyle hissedersiniz. | en-tr |
They're just icons; you click on them. | Это простые иконки - вы кликаете на них. | en-ru |
But behind the icon, there's complex code. | Maar achter het pictogram zit een complexe code. | en-nl |
It's the same with institutions. | Het is hetzelfde met instellingen. | en-nl |
There are six which I think explain the Great Divergence. | 我認為，這六個「殺手級」應用程式 能夠解釋大分流形成的原因 | en-zh-tw |
One, competition. | Πρώτον, ο ανταγωνισμός. | en-el |
Two, the scientific revolution. | To, den videnskabelige revolution. | en-da |
Three, property rights. | Três: o direito à propriedade. | en-pt-br |
Four, modern medicine. | Čtvrtou je moderní lékařství. | en-cs |
Five, the consumer society. | Cinquè, la societat consumidora. | en-ca |
And six, the work ethic. | Και έκτον, το εργασιακό ήθος. | en-el |
You can play a game and try and think of one I've missed at, or try and boil it down to just four, but you'll lose. | Pueden jugar y tratar de pensar en alguna que se me haya olvidado, o tratar de resumirlas en solo cuatro aplicaciones, pero perderán. | en-es |
(Laughter) Let me very briefly tell you what I mean by this, synthesizing the work of many economic historians in the process. | ( خنده تماشاگران) اجازه دهید منظورم را خیلی خلاصه که از ترکیب کارهای خیلی از تاریخ نویسان اقتصادی در طول اجازه دهید منظورم را خیلی خلاصه که از ترکیب کارهای خیلی از تاریخ نویسان اقتصادی در طول در طول این پروسه بدست آمده برایتان بگویم. | en-fa |
Competition means, not only were there a hundred different political units in Europe in 1500, but within each of these units, there was competition between corporations as well as sovereigns. | Конкуренция означает, в Европе в 1500 году была не просто сотня различных политических образований, но и в каждом образовании сохранялась конкуренция между объединениями и монархами. | en-ru |
The ancestor of the modern corporation, the City of London Corporation, existed in the 12th century. | Paraardhësit e korporatës moderne, Korporata e Qytetit të Londrës, ekzistonte në shekullin e 12. | en-sq |
Nothing like this existed in China, where there was one monolithic state covering a fifth of humanity, and anyone with any ambition had to pass one standardized examination, which took three days and was very difficult and involved memorizing vast numbers of characters and very complex Confucian essay writing. | لم يتواجد شيء مثلها فى الصين، حيث كانت هناك حاله واحدة من التشبث بعدم التغيير تغطى خمس الإنسانية، وأى واحد عنده أى طموح كان لابد من أن يمر بإختبار موحد، الذى كان يستغرق ثلاثة أيام وكان صعب للغاية وتتضمن تذكّر أعداد كثيرة من الدراسات الغير تقليدية وكتابة مقالة كونفوشيوسية معقدة للغاية. | en-ar |
The scientific revolution was different from the science that had been achieved in the Oriental world in a number of crucial ways, the most important being that, through the experimental method, it gave men control over nature in a way that had not been possible before. | Revolucioni shkencor ishte ndryshe nga shkenca që ishte arritur në botën orientale në shumë mënyra, gjëja më e rëndësishme ishte se, përmes metodës eksperimentale, ajo u dha njerezve kontrollin mbi natyrën në një mënyrë që nuk ishte e mundur më parë. | en-sq |
Example: Benjamin Robins's extraordinary application of Newtonian physics to ballistics. | Voorbeeld: Benjamin Robins' buitengewone toepassing van de Newtoniaanse fysica op de ballistiek. | en-nl |
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