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And, furthermore, when skeletal muscle is injured, that's what causes chemokines -- these signals saying, "Cancer, you can come to me," the "go signs" for the tumors -- it causes them to highly express these chemokines. | 此外，当骨骼肌受伤时 会导致趋化因子——这些信号说： “癌症，你可以来找我，”肿瘤的绿灯通行信号 这会导致这些趋化因子的高效表达 | en-zh-cn |
So, there's so much interplay here. | Οπότε, υπάρχει πολύ παιχνίδι εδώ. | en-el |
I mean, there are so many possibilities for why tumors don't go to skeletal muscle. | 종양이 골격근에 접근하지 않는 이유에 대한 가설은 아직 여러 가지로 나뉩니다. | en-ko |
But it seems like by investigating, by attacking cancer, by searching where cancer is not, there has got to be something -- there's got to be something -- that's making this tissue resistant to tumors. | A kutatások során úgy tűnt, hogy kell lennie valaminek, kell lennie valaminek, ami a szövetet ellenállóvá teszi a daganatokkal szemben. | en-hu |
And can we utilize -- can we take this property, this compound, this receptor, whatever it is that's controlling these anti-tumor properties and apply it to cancer therapy in general? | و آیا ما می توانیم از این نکته استفاده کنیم -- آیا میتوانیم این خاصیت را بدست آوریم، از این ترکیب، این گیرنده، یا هر عاملی که کنترل کننده ی این خصیصه ی ضد تومور است و از آن در جهت علاج سرطان استفاده کنیم ؟ | en-fa |
Now, one thing that kind of ties the resistance of skeletal muscle to cancer -- to the cancer as a repair response gone out of control in the body -- is that skeletal muscle has a factor in it called "MyoD." | Çizgili kas dokusunun kansere karşı direnci - kontrolden çıkmış bir tamir mekanizması diye tanımladığım kansere karşı - direnci ile bağlantılı bir şey çizgili kasların MyoD adında bir faktör bulundurmaları. | en-tr |
And what MyoD essentially does is, it causes cells to differentiate into muscle cells. So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells. | Y lo que el MyoD hace en esencia es causar que las células se diferencien en células musculares. Así que este compuesto, MyoD, ha sido probado en muchos tipos de células diferentes y se ha visto cómo convierte toda esta variedad de tipos de célula en células de músculo esquelético. | en-es |
So, is it possible that the tumor cells are going to the skeletal muscle tissue, but once in contact inside the skeletal muscle tissue, MyoD acts upon these tumor cells and causes them to become skeletal muscle cells? | Is het mogelijk dat tumorcellen naar het skeletspierweefsel gaan, maar dat als ze in contact zijn met het skeletspierweefsel, MyoD inwerkt op deze tumorcellen en zorgt dat ze skeletspiercellen worden? | en-nl |
Maybe tumor cells are being disguised as skeletal muscle cells, and this is why it seems as if it is so rare. | Quizás las células del tumor se estén disfrazando de células del músculo esquelético, y sea por esto por lo que parece tan raro el cáncer en ellas. | en-es |
It's not harmful; it has just repaired the muscle. | ただ筋肉を修復しただけで害はありません | en-ja |
Muscle is constantly being used -- constantly being damaged. | ماسولکە بە شێوەیەکی بەردەوام بەکار دەهێنێت و ... بەردەوام زیانی پێ دەگات | en-ku |
If every time we tore a muscle or every time we stretched a muscle or moved in a wrong way, cancer occurred -- I mean, everybody would have cancer almost. | Wenn wir jedes Mal, wenn wir uns einen Muskel verletzen, oder jedes Mal, wenn wir einen Muskel auf eine falsche Weise strecken oder bewegen, Krebs bekämen - dann hätte fast jeder Krebs. | en-de |
And I hate to say that. But it seems as though muscle cell, possibly because of all its use, has adapted faster than other body tissues to respond to injury, to fine-tune this repair response and actually be able to finish the process which the body wants to finish. I really believe that the human body is very, very smart, and we can't counteract something the body is saying to do. | Tôi rất ghét phải nói điều đó. Nhưng có vẻ dù cho tế bào cơ, có thể là do chức năng của nó, đã thích nghi nhanh hơn các mô khác trong việc phản hồi thương tổn, để tạo ra phản hồi sữa chữa này và thực sự có khả năng kết thúc quá trình mà cơ thể muốn. Tôi thực sự tin rằng cơ thể con người rất thông minh, và ta không thể chống lại những thứ mà cơ thể nói rằng phải làm. | en-vi |
It's different when a bacteria comes into the body -- that's a foreign object -- we want that out. | Είναι διαφορετικό όταν ένα βακτήριο εισβάλει στο σώμα, είναι ένας ξένος οργανισμός -- το θέλουμε εκτός. | en-el |
But when the body is actually initiating a process and we're calling it a disease, it doesn't seem as though elimination is the right solution. So even to go from there, it's possible, although far-fetched, that in the future we could almost think of cancer being used as a therapy. | Mas quando o corpo está de fato iniciando um processo e estamos chamando isso de doença, não parece que a eliminação seja a solução correta. Então mesmo partindo desse ponto, é possível - embora implausível - que no futuro possamos pensar em câncer sendo usado como terapia. | en-pt-br |
If those diseases where tissues are deteriorating -- for example Alzheimer's, where the brain, the brain cells, die and we need to restore new brain cells, new functional brain cells -- what if we could, in the future, use cancer? A tumor -- put it in the brain and cause it to differentiate into brain cells? | 脳細胞が死ぬアルツハイマー病などの 細胞組織が悪化する病気で 新しい健康な脳細胞を再生する必要がある場合 今後ガンが利用できるようになったらどうでしょう？ 腫瘍を脳に注入してそれを脳細胞に分化させたら？ | en-ja |
That's a very far-fetched idea, but I really believe that it may be possible. | To je poprilično nepojmljiva ideja, ali vjerujem da je moguća. | en-hr |
These cells are so versatile, these cancer cells are so versatile -- we just have to manipulate them in the right way. | Queste cellule sono talmente versatili, queste cellule cancerose sono così versatili - noi dobbiamo semplicemente manipolarle nel modo giusto. | en-it |
And again, some of these may be far-fetched, but I figured if there's anywhere to present far-fetched ideas, it's here at TED, so thank you very much. | E di nuovo, questo potrebbe essere abbastanza futuristico, ma ho capito che se ci sono da qualche parte idee futuristiche, è qui al TED, così grazie mille a tutti. | en-it |
We are losing our listening. | We verliezen ons luisteren. | en-nl |
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening, but we're not very good at it. | 我们交流过程中60%的时间都是用来倾听 但其实我们并不擅长倾听 | en-zh-cn |
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear. | 我們只保留我們聽到的25％。 | en-zh-tw |
Now -- not you, not this talk, but that is generally true. | Не мислам на вас, не на овој говор, туку тоа е општо правило. | en-mk |
(Laughter) Let's define listening as making meaning from sound. | Per ascoltare intendiamo il processo che realizziamo per trarre un significato da un suono. | en-it |
It's a mental process, and it's a process of extraction. | Zihinsel bir süreç ve bu bir çıkarım süreci. | en-tr |
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this. | Folosim niște tehnici interesante pentru asta. | en-ro |
One of them is pattern recognition. | (Suara Bising) Jadi dalam pesta seperti ini, | en-id |
(Crowd noises) So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention" -- some of you just sat up. | pasakyčiau: Deividai, Sara, prašyčiau dėmesio" kai kurie iš jūsų ką tik suklusote. | en-lt |
We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name. | Chúng ta nhận diện các kiểu mẫu để phân biệt tiếng ồn và tín hiệu và đặc biệt là tên mình. | en-vi |
Differencing is another technique we use. | Дифференциация — другой приём, которым мы пользуемся. | en-ru |
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, (Pink noise) you would literally cease to hear it. | Ако пусна този розов шум за повече от няколко минути, буквално ще престанете да го чувате. Ние се вслушваме в различията | en-bg |
We listen to differences; we discount sounds that remain the same. | 我们不大专注于持续不变的声音 | en-zh-cn |
And then there is a whole range of filters. | แล้วก็ยังมีตัวกรองการรับรู้ของเราอีกมากมาย | en-th |
These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to. | 它把我们从所有声音中抽离出来 重点去听我们所关注的 | en-zh-cn |
Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters. | العديد من الاشخاص لايعوون على الاطلاق هذه الفلاتر الصوتية | en-ar |
But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now. | 但它們實際上創造了 我們的現實，因為它們正在告訴我們現在正在關注什麼。 | en-zh-tw |
I'll give you one example of that. | Cho quý vị một ví dụ về điều này: | en-vi |
Intention is very important in sound, in listening. | هدف در صدا و در گوش دادن بسیار مهم است. | en-fa |
When I married my wife, I promised her I would listen to her every day as if for the first time. | Gdy brałem ślub obiecałem żonie, że będę jej słuchał każdego dnia tak, jak za pierwszym razem. No niestety trochę mi do tego codziennie brakuje. | en-pl |
(Laughter) But it's a great intention to have in a relationship. | (Gelächter) Aber es ist eine tolle Absicht für eine Beziehung. | en-de |
(Laughter) But that's not all. | Por kjo nuk eshte e gjitha. Tingulli na vendos ne hapesire dhe ne kohe. | en-sq |
If you close your eyes right now in this room, you're aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces; you're aware of how many people are around you, because of the micro-noises you're receiving. | Ak teraz zavriete oči, budete si uvedomovať veľkosť miestnosti vďaka ozvene a odrážania zvuku od povrchov. A ste si vedomí toho, koľko ľudí okolo vás je, vďaka mikrozvukom, ktoré prijímate. | en-sk |
And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it. | И звукът ни поставя във времето също така, защото звукът винаги има време, вградено в него. | en-bg |
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future. | Dokonca by som povedal, že naše načúvanie je hlavným spôsobom, akým vnímame plynutie času z minulosti k budúcnosti. | en-sk |
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote. | Таким чином, "звучність є час і сенс" – прекрасна цитата. [Жан-Люк Нансі, французький філософ] На початку я сказав, що ми втрачаємо слухання. | en-uk |
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening. | Почему я так считаю? | en-ru |
Why did I say that? | Γιατί το είπα αυτό; | en-el |
First of all, we invented ways of recording -- first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well. | Premièrement, nous avons inventé des manières d'enregistrer -- l'écriture en premier, ensuite par audio et maintenant l'enregistrement vidéo aussi. | en-fr-ca |
The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared. | अचूक आणि काळजीपूर्वक श्रवणाचं अधिमूल्य निव्वळ नाहीसं झालं आहे. | en-mr |
Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it's just hard to listen; it's tiring to listen. | Kedua, kini dunia menjadi sangat bising, (Bising) dengan bunyi hiruk pikuk dalam penglihatan dan pendengaran, mendengarkan menjadi sulit dan melelahkan. | en-id |
Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles. | बहुत से लोग हेडफोन की शरण लेते हैं, लेकिन वो इस तरह के बड़े और सार्वजानिक और साझे आवाज़ों की जगहों को लाखो छोटे, थोड़े व्यक्तिगत आवाज़ों के बुलबुलों में बदल रहे हैं | | en-hi |
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody. | In dit scenario luistert niemand naar iemand. | en-nl |
We're becoming impatient. | Мы становимся нетерпеливы. Нам больше не нужна риторика, | en-ru |
We don't want oratory anymore; we want sound bites. | 短い抜粋の方が好まれています | en-ja |
And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think -- by personal broadcasting. | Un runas māksla ir aizvietota, kas, manuprāt, ir bīstami, ar personisko pašapraidi. | en-lv |
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the UK. | Δεν ξέρω πόση ακρόαση υπάρχει σε αυτή τη συζήτηση, που δυστυχώς είναι πολύ συνηθισμένη, ειδικά στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο. | en-el |
We're becoming desensitized. | אנחנו נעשים קהים. | en-he |
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines in order to get our attention. | Os meios de comunicação social têm de gritar este tipo de manchetes de forma a chamarem a nossa atenção. | en-pt |
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated. | Og det betyder, at det er sværere for os at være opmærksomme på det stille, på det subtile det underspillede. | en-da |
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening. | Ztráta naslouchání je vážným problémem. | en-cs |
This is not trivial, because listening is our access to understanding. | Це не дрібниця, бо слухання дає нам доступ до розуміння. | en-uk |
Conscious listening always creates understanding, and only without conscious listening can these things happen. | Bewusstes Hören führt immer zum Verstehen. Und nur ohne bewusstes Zuhören, können diese Dinge geschehen – | en-de |
A world where we don't listen to each other at all is a very scary place indeed. | ένας κόσμος στον οποίο δεν ακούμε καθόλου ο ένας τον άλλον, είναι πράγματι ένα πολύ τρομακτικό μέρος. | en-el |
So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you, to improve your own conscious listening. | Por isso, eu gostava de partilhar com vocês cinco exercícios simples, ferramentas que podem levar com vocês para melhorar a vossa audição consciente. Querem? | en-pt |
Audience: Yes! | (Žiurovai: taip) Gerai. | en-lt |
Good. The first one is silence. | Dobro. Prva je tišina. | en-sr |
Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate, so that you can hear the quiet again. | Jen tři minuty ticha denně je skvělé cvičení na nové nastartování a nové vyvážení vašich uší, takže můžete znovu naslouchat tichu. Pokud nemůžete být v úplném tichu, | en-cs |
If you can't get absolute silence, go for quiet, that's absolutely fine. | Dacă nu găsiți un loc unde nu se aude nimic, mergeți într-unul liniștit, e în regulă. | en-ro |
Second, I call this "the mixer." | Второе — я называю это миксером. | en-ru |
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this -- and we all spend a lot of time in places like this -- listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear? | (Шум) Така че, дори ако сте в шумна околна среда като тази -- и всички ние прекарваме значително време в места като това -- слушайте в кафе-бара, колко звукови канали можете да чуете? | en-bg |
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to? | Колку од нив во тој микс јас слушам? | en-mk |
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake. | También lo pueden hacer en un lugar agradable, como ser un lago. | en-es |
How many birds am I hearing? | Combien d’oiseaux entend-on ? | en-fr |
Where are they? Where are those ripples? | Hol vannak? Hol vannak azok a morajok? | en-hu |
It's a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening. | Ова е одлична вежба за подобрување на квалитетот на вашето слушање. | en-mk |
Third, this exercise I call "savoring," and this is a beautiful exercise. | Thứ bai, bài tập này tôi gọi là sự nhấm nháp và là một bài tập dễ thương. | en-vi |
It's about enjoying mundane sounds. | यह नीरस आवाज़ों का आनंद लेने के बारे में है | | en-hi |
This, for example, is my tumble dryer. | Isto, por exemplo, é o meu secador da roupa. | en-pt |
(Dryer) It's a waltz -- one, two, three; one, two, three; one, two, three. | (Tumlare) Det är en vals. En, två, tre. En, två, tre. En, två, tre. | en-sv |
I love it! | Прекрасно! | en-uk |
Or just try this one on for size. | Или просто опитайте това за разнообразие. | en-bg |
(Coffee grinder) Wow! | (Máy xay cà phê) Wow! | en-vi |
So, mundane sounds can be really interesting -- if you pay attention. | Taigi, jei atkreipsite dėmesį, kasdieniai garsai gali būti įdomūs. Aš tai vadinu paslėptu choru. | en-lt |
I call that the "hidden choir" -- it's around us all the time. | Sürekli etrafımızda, bizimle. | en-tr |
The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these, if you just take one thing away. | ڕاهێنانی دواتر دەشێ لە گشت ،ڕاهێنانەکانیتر گرنگتر بێت .ئەگەر تەنها یەک شتيش ببەیت | en-ku |
This is listening positions -- the idea that you can move your listening position to what's appropriate to what you're listening to. | Ce sont des positions d'écoute -- l'idée de déplacer votre position d'écoute vers ce qui est approprié à ce que vous écoutez. Il s'agit de jouer avec ces filtres. | en-fr-ca |
This is playing with those filters. | क्या आपको याद है,शुरुवात में उनके बारे में आपको मैंने बताया था | | en-hi |
Remember I gave you those filters? | 開始將它們如槓桿般把弄， | en-zh-tw |
It's starting to play with them as levers, to get conscious about them and to move to different places. | kako biste postali svjesni njih i kako bi ih pomicali na različita mjesta. | en-hr |
These are just some of the listening positions, or scales of listening positions, that you can use. | На екрані показані лише деякі з можливих позицій слухання [активне/пасивне, редукційне/експансивне, критичне/емпатичне] | en-uk |
There are many. | Er zijn er veel. | en-nl |
Have fun with that. It's very exciting. | Пограйтеся з ними, це дуже цікаво. | en-uk |
And finally, an acronym. | И накрая, един акроним. | en-bg |
You can use this in listening, in communication. | Możesz korzystać z niego w słuchaniu, w komunikacji. | en-pl |
If you're in any one of those roles -- and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk -- the acronym is RASA, which is the Sanskrit word for "juice" or "essence." | Ak ste v jednej z týchto rolí - a to si myslím, že je každý, kto počúva túto prednášku - skratka je RASA, čo je sanskritské slovo pre šťavu alebo podstatu. | en-sk |
And RASA stands for "Receive," which means pay attention to the person; "Appreciate," making little noises like "hmm," "oh," "OK"; "Summarize" -- the word "so" is very important in communication; and "Ask," ask questions afterwards. | E RASA significa Receber, que significa prestar atenção à pessoa; Apreciar, fazer pequenos ruídos como "pois", "ah", "ok"; Resumir (Summarize), a palavra "então" é muito importante em comunicação; e Perguntar (Ask), faça perguntas no fim. | en-pt |
Now sound is my passion, it's my life. | 소리는 제 열정이고 삶입니다. | en-ko |
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen. | Jag har skrivit en hel bok om det. Så jag lever för att lyssna. | en-sv |
That's too much to ask for most people. | Ζω για ν' ακούω. Αυτό είναι υπερβολικό για τους περισσότερους ανθρώπους. | en-el |
But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously in order to live fully -- connected in space and in time to the physical world around us, connected in understanding to each other, not to mention spiritually connected, because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation at its heart. | Ale verím, že každá ľudská bytosť potrebuje počúvať vedome, ak chce žiť naplno - prepojená v priestore aj v čase s fyzickým svetom, ktorý nás obklopuje, prepojená vo vzájomnom porozumení, nehovoriac o duchovnom prepojení, pretože každá duchovná cesta, o ktorej viem, obsahuje načúvanie a rozjímanie vo svojej podstate. | en-sk |
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