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And Feynman said to me, "Leonardo ..." | më thotë, "Leonardo." | en-sq |
The reason he called me "Leonardo" is because we were in Europe, and he was practicing his French. | Он назвал меня Леонардо, потому что мы были в Европе и он хотел практиковать свой французский. | en-ru |
(Laughter) And he said, "Leonardo, were you closer to your mother or your father when you were a kid?" | Il m'a dit : « Leonardo, étais-tu plus proche de ta mère ou de ton père quand tu étais petit ? | en-fr |
I said, "Well, my real hero was my father. | من گفتم "خب، قهرمان واقعی من پدرم بود. | en-fa |
He was a working man, had a fifth-grade education. | Un lavoratore, aveva la quinta elementare. | en-it |
He was a master mechanic, and he taught me how to use tools. | Bio je dobar mehaničar i naučio me kako koristiti alate. | en-hr |
He taught me all sorts of things about mechanical things. | Han lärde mig allt möjligt om mekaniska prylar. | en-sv |
He even taught me the Pythagorean theorem. | Jis net išmokė mane Pitagoro teoremos. | en-lt |
He didn't call it the hypotenuse, he called it the shortcut distance." | Dia tidak menyebutnya sisi miring, dia menyebutnya jalan pintas." | en-id |
And Feynman's eyes just opened up. | ועיניו של פיינמן פשוט נפתחו. | en-he |
He went off like a lightbulb. | ぱっと明るくなりました そして 自分も父親と | en-ja |
And he said that he had had basically exactly the same relationship with his father. | 與他的父親 像是這樣的關係 | en-zh-tw |
In fact, he had been convinced at one time that to be a good physicist, it was very important to have had that kind of relationship with your father. | com o pai dele. De facto, tinha ficado convencido, a certa altura, que, para se ser um bom físico, era muito importante ter tido esse tipo de relação com o pai. | en-pt |
I apologize for the sexist conversation here, but this is the way it really happened. | maar zo is het gegaan. | en-nl |
He said he had been absolutely convinced that this was necessary, a necessary part of the growing up of a young physicist. | Me dijo que estaba absolutamente seguro de que esto era necesario; que esto era indispensable para crecer como un joven físico. | en-es |
Being Dick, he, of course, wanted to check this. | Là Dick, ông, hiển nhiên, muốn kiểm chứng điều này. | en-vi |
He wanted to go out and do an experiment. | הוא רצה ללכת ולעשות ניסוי. ובכן, כך הוא עשה. | en-he |
(Laughter) Well, he did. | Он пошёл и провёл эксперимент. | en-ru |
He went out and did an experiment. | Ông bước ra và làm thí nghiệm. | en-vi |
He asked all his friends that he thought were good physicists, "Was it your mom or your pop that influenced you?" | ทุกคนเป็นผู้ชาย ผู้ชายทุกคน | en-th |
They were all men, and to a man, every single one of them said, "My mother." | ובשביל גבר -- הם היו כולם גברים -- לגבר, כל אחד מהם אמר, "אמא שלי." | en-he |
(Laughter) There went that theory, down the trash can of history. | (nevetés) Így bukott el az elmélet. | en-hu |
(Laughter) But he was very excited that he had finally met somebody who had the same experience with his father as he had with his father. | คนที่มีประสบการณ์เหมือนกันกับพ่อของเขา ขณะที่เขาพูดว่าพ่อของเขา และในบางครั้ง เขาก็เชื่อว่า | en-th |
And for some time, he was convinced this was the reason we got along so well. | E por algum tempo, ele ficou convecido de que essa era a razão por nos darmos tão bem. | en-pt-br |
I don't know. Maybe. Who knows? | Nu ştiu. Poate. Cine ştie? | en-ro |
But let me tell you a little bit about Feynman the physicist. | Men låt mig berätta lite om fysikern Feynman. | en-sv |
Feynman's style -- no, "style" is not the right word. | Lo stile di Feynman... no, stile non è la parola esatta. | en-it |
"Style" makes you think of the bow tie he might have worn, or the suit he was wearing. | Stilius kelia mintis apie peteliškę, kurią jis galėjo ryšėti, ar kostiumą, kurį jis dėvėjo. Tai kažkas giliau nei tai, | en-lt |
It's something much deeper than that, but I can't think of another word for it. | mégsem tudok más szót rá. | en-hu |
Feynman's scientific style was always to look for the simplest, most elementary solution to a problem that was possible. | Feynmanov znanstveni stil uvijek je težio pronalasku najjednostavnijeg, najelementarnijeg mogućeg rješenja nekog problema. | en-hr |
If it wasn't possible, you had to use something fancier. | Si ça n'était pas possible, vous deviez utiliser quelque chose de plus compliqué. | en-fr |
No doubt, part of this was his great joy and pleasure in showing people that he could think more simply than they could. | Mas sem dúvida parte disso era seu grande prazer em mostrar às pessoas que podia pensar de forma mais simples que os outros. | en-pt-br |
But he also deeply believed, he truly believed, that if you couldn't explain something simply, you didn't understand it. | Był też głęboko przekonany, że jeśli nie umie się wyjaśnić czegoś prosto to znaczy, że się tego nie rozumie. | en-pl |
In the 1950s, people were trying to figure out how superfluid helium worked. | 1950. gados cilvēki centās izprast šķidro hēliju. | en-lv |
There was a theory. | van een Russische wiskundige fysicus. | en-nl |
It was a complicated theory; I'll tell you what it was soon enough. | och det var en komplicerad teori. Jag ska berätta om den snart nog. | en-sv |
It was a terribly complicated theory, full of very difficult integrals and formulas and mathematics and so forth. | Era uma teoria terrivelmente complicada cheia de integrais e fórmulas e matemática muito difícil. | en-pt |
And it sort of worked, but it didn't work very well. | Und irgendwie funktionierte es, aber nicht sehr gut. | en-de |
The only way it worked is when the helium atoms were very, very far apart. | Tā strādāja vienīgi tad, ja hēlija atomi atradās ļoti, ļoti tālu viens no otra. | en-lv |
And unfortunately, the helium atoms in liquid helium are right on top of each other. | اتم ها بايد خيلى خيلى با هم فاصله مى داشتند. و متاسفانه، در هليوم مايع اتم هاى هليوم دقيقا روى همديگه قرار گرفتند. | en-fa |
Feynman decided, as a sort of amateur helium physicist, that he would try to figure it out. | Feynman decidiu, como uma espécie de físico de hélio amador, que ia tentar perceber aquilo. | en-pt |
He had an idea, a very clear idea. | Teve uma ideia, uma ideia muito clara. | en-pt |
He would try to figure out what the quantum wave function of this huge number of atoms looked like. | 他試著發展 如此龐大數目原子 的量子波動函數 | en-zh-tw |
He would try to visualize it, guided by a small number of simple principles. | वो इसकी कल्पना कुछ सिद्धांतों के द्वारा निर्देशित | en-hi |
The small number of simple principles were very, very simple. | Αυτές οι λίγες βασικές αρχές ήταν πολύ, πολύ βασικές. | en-el |
The first one was that when helium atoms touch each other, they repel. | De eerste was dat wanneer heliumatomen elkaar raken, ze elkaar afstoten. | en-nl |
The implication of that is that the wave function has to go to zero, it has to vanish when the helium atoms touch each other. | มันจะหายไปเมื่ออะตอมฮีเลียมสัมผัสกัน ความจริงอีกอย่าง | en-th |
The other fact is that in the ground state -- the lowest energy state of a quantum system -- the wave function is always very smooth; it has the minimum number of wiggles. | O outro fato é que no estado fundamental, o estado de menor energia do sistema quântico, a função de onda é sempre muito suave – tem o número mínimo de oscilações. | en-pt-br |
So he sat down -- and I imagine he had nothing more than a simple piece of paper and a pencil -- and he tried to write down, and did write down, the simplest function that he could think of, which had the boundary conditions that the wave function vanish when things touch and is smooth in between. | Hij begon eraan - ik vermoed met alleen een stukje papier en een potlood - en schreef de eenvoudigste functie op die hij kon bedenken, met als randvoorwaarden dat de golffunctie zou verdwijnen wanneer de atomen elkaar raakten en er tussenin glad is. Hij schreef een eenvoudig ding. | en-nl |
He wrote down a simple thing -- so simple, in fact, that I suspect a really smart high-school student who didn't even have calculus could understand what he wrote down. | とてもシンプルなので 優秀な高校生なら 微積分を習っていなくても 理解できるのではないかと思えるほどでした | en-ja |
The thing was, that simple thing that he wrote down explained everything that was known at the time about liquid helium, and then some. | La vérité est que cette chose simple qu'il avait écrite expliquait tout ce que l'on connaissait à l'époque sur l'hélium liquide et un peu plus. | en-fr |
I've always wondered whether the professionals -- the real professional helium physicists -- were just a little bit embarrassed by this. | 我常常怀疑 那些专业的 真正的氦物理学家 是不是会因为这个而感到羞愧 | en-zh-cn |
They had their super-powerful technique, and they couldn't do as well. | 他們也有著高超的技巧 卻沒有解好 | en-zh-tw |
Incidentally, I'll tell you what that super-powerful technique was. | Ngẫu nhiên, tôi sẽ nói cho bạn biết kỹ thuật siêu phàm đó là gì. | en-vi |
It was the technique of Feynman diagrams. | Беше техниката на диаграмите на Файнман. | en-bg |
(Laughter) He did it again in 1968. | (Risos) Ele fez isso de novo em 1968. | en-pt-br |
In 1968, in my own university -- I wasn't there at the time -- they were exploring the structure of the proton. | १९६८ में, मेरे ही विश्वविद्यालय में, उस समय मैं वंहा नहीं था, १९६८ में, वो लोग प्रोटॉन की संरचना की खोज कर रहे थे | en-hi |
The proton is obviously made of a whole bunch of little particles; this was more or less known. | وكان البروتون على ما بدا لهم مصنوعا من حزم من الجزئيات الصغيرة والتي كانت مجهولة حينها | en-ar |
And the way to analyze it was, of course, Feynman diagrams. | Veids, kā to analizēt, protams, bija Fainmena diagrammas. | en-lv |
That's what Feynman diagrams were constructed for -- to understand particles. | เพื่อให้เข้าใจอนุภาค การทดลองที่ทำอยู่นั้นง่ายมาก | en-th |
The experiments that were going on were very simple: you simply take the proton, and you hit it really sharply with an electron. | Eksperimentai, kurie vyko, buvo labai paprasti. Tiesiog paimi protoną ir žiebi jam elektronu. | en-lt |
This was the thing the Feynman diagrams were for. | Isso era uma coisa para os diagramas de Feynman. | en-pt-br |
The only problem was that Feynman diagrams are complicated. | Jedini je problem bila činjenica da su Feynmanovi dijagrami komplicirani. | en-hr |
They're difficult integrals. | Det är svåra integraler. Om man kunde lösa alla dem så skulle man ha en väldigt precis teori. | en-sv |
If you could do all of them, you would have a very precise theory, but you couldn't -- they were just too complicated. | 但如果算不出的话 那它们就太复杂了 | en-zh-cn |
People were trying to do them. | Men probeerde het toch te doen. Je zou het kunnen doen met een één-lus-diagram. | en-nl |
One loop, two loops -- maybe you could do a three-loop diagram, but beyond that, you couldn't do anything. | او ربما منحنيين .. او حتى يمكن القيام بثلاث ولكن اكثر من ذلك لا يمكن القيام بشيء فقال " فينمان " اهملوا كل هذا | en-ar |
Just think of the proton as an assemblage, a swarm, of little particles." | Csak gondolj a protonra, mint kis részecskék gyülekezetére -- mint kis részecskék sokaságára." | en-hu |
He called them "partons." | Er nannte sie Partone. | en-de |
He said, "Just think of it as a swarm of partons moving real fast." | قال " فكروا وكأنه سرب من الباراتون يتحركون بسرعة كبيرة " | en-ar |
Because they're moving real fast, relativity says the internal motions go very slow. | Denn sie bewegen sich wirklich sehr schnell, relativ dazu sind die inneren Bewegungen sehr langsam. | en-de |
The electron hits it suddenly -- it's like taking a very sudden snapshot of the proton. | Elektron szybko uderza w proton. To uderzenie jest jak robienie protonowi zdjęcia. Co widzimy? | en-pl |
What do you see? | Wat zie je? | en-nl |
They don't move, and because they don't move during the course of the experiment, you don't have to worry about how they're moving. | Ne miču se, a budući da se ne miču za vrijeme trajanja eksperimenta, ne morate se brinuti o načinu na koji se kreću. Ne morate se brinuti o silama koje djeluju između njih. | en-hr |
You don't have to worry about the forces between them. | Просто трябва да мислите за това множество | en-bg |
You just get to think of it as a population of frozen partons." | o grupie zamrożonych partonów. | en-pl |
This was the key to analyzing these experiments. | Това беше ключовият момент в анализа на тези експерименти. | en-bg |
Extremely effective. | Bardzo efektywny, ponieważ naprawdę... | en-pl |
Somebody said the word "revolution" is a bad word. | Kāds teicis, ka vārds „revolūcija” ir slikts vārds. | en-lv |
I suppose it is, so I won't say "revolution," but it certainly evolved very, very deeply our understanding of the proton, and of particles beyond that. | これによって 陽子に対する理解や さらには 素粒子に対する理解がとても深まったことは 間違いありません | en-ja |
Well, I had some more that I was going to tell you about my connection with Feynman, what he was like, but I see I have exactly half a minute. | ובכן, היו לי דברים נוספים שרציתי לספר לכם על הקשר שלי עם פיינמן, איך הוא היה, אבל אני רואה שיש לי בדיוק חצי דקה. | en-he |
So I think I'll just finish up by saying: I actually don't think Feynman would have liked this event. | Jadi saya rasa saya akan menutupnya dengan mengatakan sebenarnya saya rasa Feynman tidak akan menyukai hal ini. | en-id |
I think he would have said, "I don't need this." | Я думаю, он бы сказал: «Мне это не нужно». | en-ru |
How should we really honor Feynman? | Miképp kellene kifejezni Feynman iránti tiszteletünket? | en-hu |
I think the answer is we should honor Feynman by getting as much baloney out of our own sandwiches as we can. | 我认为答案是 我们应该尽全力扔掉 自己三明治里的大香肠 并以此给予费曼荣誉 谢谢 | en-zh-cn |
Think about your day for a second. | Akimirkai pagalvokite apie savo dieną. | en-lt |
You woke up, felt fresh air on your face as you walked out the door, encountered new colleagues and had great discussions and felt in awe when you found something new. | 起床し 外に出て 清々しい風を感じ 新しい同僚と良い議論をし 新しい発見に 感動するでしょう | en-ja |
But I bet there's something you didn't think about today, something so close to home, you probably don't think about it very often at all. | нещо толкова близко до дома, че вероятно не мислите почти никога за него. И това е, че всички усещания, чувства, | en-bg |
And that's that all those sensations, feelings, decisions and actions are mediated by the computer in your head called your brain. | val och handlingar förmedlas av datorn i ditt huvud som kallas hjärnan. | en-sv |
Now, the brain may not look like much from the outside -- a couple pounds of pinkish-gray flesh, amorphous. | 外見上 脳は 大したものには見えません 1.3kg 程度のピンクがかった灰色の 不定形の臓器なのですが | en-ja |
But the last 100 years of neuroscience have allowed us to zoom in on the brain and to see the intricacy of what lies within. | membuat kita mampu melihat ke dalam otak, dan melihat kerumitan yang ada di dalamnya. | en-id |
And they've told us that this brain is an incredibly complicated circuit made out of hundreds of billions of cells called neurons. | I rekli su nam da je taj mozak nevjerojatno složen sklop sastavljen od stotina milijarda stanica zvanih neuroni. | en-hr |
Now, unlike a human-designed computer, where there's a fairly small number of different parts, and we know how they work because we humans designed them, the brain is made out of thousands of different kinds of cells, maybe tens of thousands. | Bir insan tarafından dizayn edilmiş, çok az sayıda farklı parçaların olduğu bir bilgisayarın aksine-- bunların işleyişini biliriz çünkü onları biz tasarladık-- beyin binlerce çeşit hücreden meydana gelir belki on binlerce. | en-tr |
They come in different shapes; they're made out of different molecules; they project and connect to different brain regions. | Dolaze u različitim oblicima; sačinjeni su od različitih molekula; i projiciraju i povezuju različite regije mozga. | en-hr |
They also change in different ways in different disease states. | Un tās arī dažādi mainās atšķirīgos slimību stāvokļos. | en-lv |
Let's make it concrete. | دعونا نضع حجر اساس لما اخبركم عنه | en-ar |
There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors. | Det finns en klass celler, en ganska liten, inhiberande cell, som tystar sina grannar. | en-sv |
It's one of the cells that seems to be atrophied in disorders like schizophrenia. | נראה שזה אחד התאים שמתנוון במצבים כמו סכיזופרניה. הוא נקרא "תא סל". | en-he |
And this cell is one of the thousands of kinds of cell that we're learning about. | To jeden z tysięcy rodzajów komórek, które poznajemy. | en-pl |
New ones are being discovered every day. | Nya upptäcks varje dag. | en-sv |
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