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The energy of empty space brings to life quantum fluctuations. | 真空区的能量 带来量子涨落 | en-zh-cn |
And so even though the universe will last forever, and ordinary matter and radiation will dilute away, there will always be some radiation, some thermal fluctuations, even in empty space. | E anche se l'universo durerà per sempre, mentre la materia comune e le radiazioni si dissolveranno, ci sarà sempre qualche radiazione, qualche fluttuazione termale, anche in uno spazio vuoto. | en-it |
So what this means is that the universe is like a box of gas that lasts forever. | Dit betekent dat het heelal eruitziet als een eeuwigdurende doos vol gas. | en-nl |
Well what is the implication of that? | Bem, o que é que isso implica? | en-pt |
That implication was studied by Boltzmann back in the 19th century. | Die Konsequenz wurde von Boltzmann im 19. | en-de |
He said, well, entropy increases because there are many, many more ways for the universe to be high entropy, rather than low entropy. | Rekao je da se entropija povećava jer ima puno više načina za svemir da bude više, nego niže entropije. | en-hr |
But that's a probabilistic statement. | Mais c'est une déclaration probabiliste. | en-fr |
It will probably increase, and the probability is enormously huge. | たぶん増加するだろうし その確率は非常に高いので | en-ja |
It's not something you have to worry about -- the air in this room all gathering over one part of the room and suffocating us. | Đó không phải là điều bạn cần lo lắng - như việc không khí trong phòng này sẽ tụ tập vào một góc và làm chúng ta chết nghẹt. | en-vi |
It's very, very unlikely. | C'est très, très improbable. | en-fr |
Except if they locked the doors and kept us here literally forever, that would happen. | მაგრამ თუ დაკეტავდნენ კარებს და გამოგვკეტავდნენ აქ სამუდამოდ, ეს მოხდებოდა. | en-ka |
Everything that is allowed, every configuration that is allowed to be obtained by the molecules in this room, would eventually be obtained. | Vse kar je dovoljeno, vsaka postavitev, ki se lahko pripeti molekulam v tej sobi, je lahko dosežena pod pravimi pogoji. | en-sl |
So Boltzmann says, look, you could start with a universe that was in thermal equilibrium. | Boltzmann dice, potreste iniziare con un universo che aveva un equilibrio termale. | en-it |
He didn't know about the Big Bang. He didn't know about the expansion of the universe. | Он не знал о Большом Взрыве. Он не знал о расширении вселенной. | en-ru |
He thought that space and time were explained by Isaac Newton -- they were absolute; they just stuck there forever. | Úgy gondolta, hogy a teret és az időt Isaac Newton megmagyarázta, és azok abszolút, örökérvényű igazságok voltak. | en-hu |
So his idea of a natural universe was one in which the air molecules were just spread out evenly everywhere -- the everything molecules. | Så hans föreställning om ett naturligt universum var ett där luftmolekyler var utsprida överallt - allting molekylerna. | en-sv |
But if you're Boltzmann, you know that if you wait long enough, the random fluctuations of those molecules will occasionally bring them into lower entropy configurations. | Nhưng nếu bạn là Boltzmann, bạn sẽ biết rằng, nếu bạn chờ đủ lâu, các dao động ngẫu nhiên của các phân tử đó đôi lúc sẽ đưa chúng tới dạng entropy thấp hơn. | en-vi |
And then, of course, in the natural course of things, they will expand back. | a potom, samozrejme, v prirodzenom slede, sa budú naspäť rozpínať. | en-sk |
So it's not that entropy must always increase -- you can get fluctuations into lower entropy, more organized situations. | ฉะนั้น เอ็นโทรปีก็ไม่จำเป็นต้องเพิ่มขึ้นเสมอ บางครั้งอาจจะเกิดความผันแปรไปสู่สภาพเอ็นโทรปีต่ำ ที่จัดเรียงตัวอย่างเป็นระเบียบกว่าบ้างก็ได้เหมือนกัน | en-th |
Well if that's true, Boltzmann then goes onto invent two very modern-sounding ideas -- the multiverse and the anthropic principle. | Dacă asta e adevărat, Boltzmann continuă să raționeze introducând două idei moderne -- multiversul și principiul antropic. | en-ro |
He says, the problem with thermal equilibrium is that we can't live there. | Ông nói, vấn đề với cân bằng nhiệt là chúng ta không thể sống ở đó. | en-vi |
Remember, life itself depends on the arrow of time. | Nhớ rằng, bản thân cuộc sống phụ thuộc vào mũi tên thời gian. | en-vi |
We would not be able to process information, metabolize, walk and talk, if we lived in thermal equilibrium. | Nemohli by sme spracovávať informácie, metabolizovať, chodiť a hovoriť, ak by sme žili v tepelnej rovnováhe. | en-sk |
So if you imagine a very, very big universe, an infinitely big universe, with randomly bumping into each other particles, there will occasionally be small fluctuations in the lower entropy states, and then they relax back. | Wenn man sich also ein sehr, sehr großes Universum vorstellt, ein unendlich großes Universum, mit Teilchen, die willkürlich aneinander stoßen, dann wird es gelegentlich kleine Fluktuationen in Zustände niedrigerer Entropie geben, und dann gehen sie wieder zurück. | en-de |
But there will also be large fluctuations. | მაგრამ ასევე იქნება დიდი ფლუქტუაციებიც. | en-ka |
Occasionally, you will make a planet or a star or a galaxy or a hundred billion galaxies. | Ocasionalmente surgirá un planeta o una estrella, o una galaxia, o cien mil millones de galaxias. | en-es |
So Boltzmann says, we will only live in the part of the multiverse, in the part of this infinitely big set of fluctuating particles, where life is possible. | Jadi Boltzmann mengatakan kita hanya dapat hidup pada bagian dari alam semesta ganda, pada bagian dari kelompok partikel yang bergejolak ini, di mana kehidupan dapat dimungkinkan. | en-id |
That's the region where entropy is low. | To je oblasť, kde je entropia nízka. | en-sk |
Maybe our universe is just one of those things that happens from time to time. | אולי היקום שלנו הוא פשוט אחד מאותם תרחישים שקורים מפעם לפעם. | en-he |
Now your homework assignment is to really think about this, to contemplate what it means. | 所以 現在我們來佈置家庭作業 那就是認真想這個問題 到底這個多重宇宙與波動意味著什麼 | en-zh-tw |
Carl Sagan once famously said that "in order to make an apple pie, you must first invent the universe." | Carl Sagan disse una volta che "per fare una torta di mele, devi prima aver inventato l'universo." | en-it |
But he was not right. | אבל הוא טעה. | en-he |
In Boltzmann's scenario, if you want to make an apple pie, you just wait for the random motion of atoms to make you an apple pie. | Podle Boltzmannova scénáře, pokud chcete udělat jablečný koláč, jednoduše počkáte na náhodný pohyb atomů, které vám ten koláč udělají. | en-cs |
That will happen much more frequently than the random motions of atoms making you an apple orchard and some sugar and an oven, and then making you an apple pie. | To se stane mnohem častěji, než že náhodný pohyb atomů vytvoří ovocný sad a nějaký cukr a troubu a potom jablečný koláč. | en-cs |
So this scenario makes predictions. | Este cenário, então, faz previsões. | en-pt |
And the predictions are that the fluctuations that make us are minimal. | Und die Vorhersagen sind, dass die Fluktuationen, die uns hervorbringen, minimal sind. | en-de |
Even if you imagine that this room we are in now exists and is real and here we are, and we have, not only our memories, but our impression that outside there's something called Caltech and the United States and the Milky Way Galaxy, it's much easier for all those impressions to randomly fluctuate into your brain than for them actually to randomly fluctuate into Caltech, the United States and the galaxy. | Dokonce i když si představíte, že tato místnost, v níž teď jsme, existuje a je skutečná a my tu jsme a máme nejen svoje vzpomínky, ale i dojem, že venku je něco jako Kalifornský technologický institut a Spojené státy a Mléčná dráha, je mnohem jednodušší pro tyto pocity, aby náhodně proudily do vašeho mozku, než že by skutečně náhodně tvořily Kalifornský technologický institut, Spojené státy a galaxii. | en-cs |
The good news is that, therefore, this scenario does not work; it is not right. | კარგი ამბავი ისაა რომ, ამის გამო ეს სცენარი არ მუშაობს; ის არაა სწორი. | en-ka |
This scenario predicts that we should be a minimal fluctuation. | Този сценарий предвижда, че трябва да има минимално колебание. | en-bg |
Even if you left our galaxy out, you would not get a hundred billion other galaxies. | Дори и ако напуснем нашата галактика, няма да имаме стотици милиарди други галактики. | en-bg |
And Feynman also understood this. | 費曼也這樣認為 | en-zh-tw |
Feynman says, "From the hypothesis that the world is a fluctuation, all the predictions are that if we look at a part of the world we've never seen before, we will find it mixed up, and not like the piece we've just looked at -- high entropy. | Feynman nói, "Từ giả thuyết rằng thế giới là một dao động tất cả các dự đoán cho thấy nếu chúng ta nhìn vào một phần thế giới nơi ta chưa từng thấy trước đây, chúng ta sẽ thấy nó hỗn độn, và không giống phần chúng ta vừa nhìn - đó là entropy cao. | en-vi |
If our order were due to a fluctuation, we would not expect order anywhere but where we have just noticed it. | Nếu trật tự của chúng ta là do dao động chúng ta sẽ không trông chờ trật tự ở bất cứ đâu ngoại trừ nơi ta vừa chú ý. | en-vi |
We therefore conclude the universe is not a fluctuation." | Ezért arra következtetünk, hogy az univerzum nem egy ingadozás." | en-hu |
So that's good. The question is then what is the right answer? | Ωραία. Το ερώτημα είναι όμως, ποια είναι η σωστή απάντηση; | en-el |
If the universe is not a fluctuation, why did the early universe have a low entropy? | Als het universum geen fluctuatie is waarom had het vroege heelal dan een lage entropie? | en-nl |
And I would love to tell you the answer, but I'm running out of time. | Mi piacerebbe darvi la risposta, ma sto finendo il tempo. | en-it |
(Laughter) Here is the universe that we tell you about, versus the universe that really exists. | (Risate) Questo è l'universo come vi viene presentato, mentre questo è quello realmente esistente. | en-it |
I just showed you this picture. | من همین الان این تصویر را بهتون نشون داده بودم. | en-fa |
The universe is expanding for the last 10 billion years or so. | Vesmír se rozpíná posledních asi 10 miliard let. | en-cs |
It's cooling off. | Ochlazuje se. | en-cs |
But we now know enough about the future of the universe to say a lot more. | Ale wiemy już znacznie więcej na temat jego przyszłości, aby móc powiedzieć więcej. | en-pl |
If the dark energy remains around, the stars around us will use up their nuclear fuel, they will stop burning. | 如果暗能量還是存在 如果我們周圍的恆星用完它們的核燃料 它們將會停止燃燒 | en-zh-tw |
They will fall into black holes. | اونها داخل سیاه چاله ها سقوط خواهند کرد. | en-fa |
We will live in a universe with nothing in it but black holes. | Viviremos en un Universo sin nada, sólo agujeros negros. | en-es |
That universe will last 10 to the 100 years -- a lot longer than our little universe has lived. | Vũ trụ đó sẽ kéo dài 10 mũ 100 năm - lâu hơn nhiều vũ trụ bé nhỏ của chúng ta đã sống. | en-vi |
The future is much longer than the past. | Budućnost je mnogo duža od prošlosti. | en-sr |
But even black holes don't last forever. | Bahkan lubang hitam tidak akan ada selamanya. | en-id |
They will evaporate, and we will be left with nothing but empty space. | Θα εξατμιστούν και θα μείνουμε μόνο με άδειο χώρο. | en-el |
That empty space lasts essentially forever. | Dieser leere Raum wird im Wesentlichen für immer fortbestehen. | en-de |
However, you notice, since empty space gives off radiation, there's actually thermal fluctuations, and it cycles around all the different possible combinations of the degrees of freedom that exist in empty space. | Aber da der leere Raum Strahlung absondert, gibt es thermische Fluktuationen, und er durchläuft all die möglichen verschiedenen Kombinationen des Maßes an Freizügigkeit, die in einem leeren Raum existiert. | en-de |
So even though the universe lasts forever, there's only a finite number of things that can possibly happen in the universe. | つまり永遠であっても 宇宙で起こりうることの 数は限られているわけです | en-ja |
They all happen over a period of time equal to 10 to the 10 to the 120 years. | 10の10乗の120乗年の間に すべてのことが起こります | en-ja |
So here's two questions for you. | Tady jsou pro vás dvě otázky. | en-cs |
Number one: If the universe lasts for 10 to the 10 to the 120 years, why are we born in the first 14 billion years of it, in the warm, comfortable afterglow of the Big Bang? | La première: si l'univers dure pendant une période de "t= 10[10][120] années". pourquoi sommes-nous nés au cours des 14 premiers milliards années, pendant que les restes du Big Bang sont encore chauds et confortables? | en-fr |
Why aren't we in empty space? | لماذ نحن لسنا في الفضاء الفارغ ؟ | en-ar |
You might say, "Well there's nothing there to be living," but that's not right. | Dirán ustedes, "es que no hay nada ahí para vivir". Pero eso no es correcto. | en-es |
You could be a random fluctuation out of the nothingness. | 你可以来自空无一物中无规则的涨落 | en-zh-cn |
Why aren't you? | 왜 당신은 빈공간에 살지 않죠? | en-ko |
More homework assignment for you. | 이것도 여러분께 드리는 숙제입니다. | en-ko |
So like I said, I don't actually know the answer. | Ja ne znam odgovor. | en-hr |
I'm going to give you my favorite scenario. | แต่ผมจะเล่าให้ฟังถึงแนวคิดที่ผมชอบก็แล้วกันครับ | en-th |
Either it's just like that. There is no explanation. | Enten er det bare sådan. Der er ingen forklaring. | en-da |
This is a brute fact about the universe that you should learn to accept and stop asking questions. | Quando si ha a che fare con l'universo, bisogna accettare i fatti e smetterla di fare domande. | en-it |
Or maybe the Big Bang is not the beginning of the universe. | Eller så är kanske Big Bang inte begynnelsen av universum. | en-sv |
An egg, an unbroken egg, is a low entropy configuration, and yet, when we open our refrigerator, we do not go, "Hah, how surprising to find this low entropy configuration in our refrigerator." | Um ovo, um ovo por partir, é uma configuração de baixa entropia, e no entanto, quando abrimos o nosso frigorífico, não dizemos, "Olha, que surpresa encontrar esta configuração de baixa entropia no nosso frigorífico." | en-pt |
That's because an egg is not a closed system; it comes out of a chicken. | 그 이유는 달걀은 닫힌 시스템이 아니고 닭에서 나왔기 때문이죠. | en-ko |
Maybe the universe comes out of a universal chicken. | Vielleicht kommt das Universum aus einem universellen Huhn. | en-de |
Maybe there is something that naturally, through the growth of the laws of physics, gives rise to universe like ours in low entropy configurations. | Ίσως υπάρχει κάτι που με φυσικό τρόπο, μέσα από την ανάπτυξη νόμων της φυσικής, προκαλεί τη γέννηση συμπάντων όπως το δικό μας σε διατάξεις χαμηλής εντροπίας. | en-el |
If that's true, it would happen more than once; we would be part of a much bigger multiverse. | Nếu điều này là thật thì nó đã diễn ra nhiều hơn một lần; chúng ta có thể là một phần của đa vũ trụ lớn hơn nhiều. | en-vi |
That's my favorite scenario. | Este es mi escenario favorito. | en-es |
So the organizers asked me to end with a bold speculation. | Nos, a szervezők megkértek, hogy egy merész spekulációval fejezzem be. | en-hu |
My bold speculation is that I will be absolutely vindicated by history. | 我的大膽的設想就是 歷史毫無疑問的將會證明我的理論是無比正確的 | en-zh-tw |
And 50 years from now, all of my current wild ideas will be accepted as truths by the scientific and external communities. | Binnen 50 jaar zullen al mijn huidige wilde ideeën als waarheden aanvaard worden door de wetenschappelijke en overige gemeenschappen. | en-nl |
We will all believe that our little universe is just a small part of a much larger multiverse. | Tất cả chúng ta sẽ tin rằng vũ trụ bé nhỏ của chúng ta chỉ là một phần nhỏ của đa vũ trụ lớn hơn nhiều. | en-vi |
And even better, we will understand what happened at the Big Bang in terms of a theory that we will be able to compare to observations. | И даже лучше – мы поймём, что произошло во время Большого Взрыва в терминах теории, которую мы сможем сравнить с наблюдениями. | en-ru |
This is a prediction. I might be wrong. | Esta es mi predicción. Puedo estar equivocado. | en-es |
But we've been thinking as a human race about what the universe was like, why it came to be in the way it did for many, many years. | و لكننا ظللنا نفكر كبشرية عن كيف هو الكون، و كيف أصبح على ما هو عليه ، لسنوات طويلة جداً. | en-ar |
It's exciting to think we may finally know the answer someday. | C'est palpitant de penser qu'un jour on ait enfin la réponse. | en-fr |
I just want to say, over the last few years I've been -- had the opportunity to do this closing conference. | Voglio solo dire che negli ultimi anni mi è stata... ...data l'opportunità di tenere questa conferenza conclusiva | en-it |
And I've had some incredible warm-up acts. | Y he tenido algunos actos de calentamiento | en-es |
About eight years ago, Billy Graham opened for me. | Где-то восемь лет назад Билли Грэм выступил передо мной. | en-ru |
And I thought that there was -- (Laughter) I thought that there was absolutely no way in hell to top that. | وظننت انه هناك ضحك وأعتقد أنه لا توجد وسيلة على الإطلاق في الجحيم أعلى من ذلك | en-ar |
But I just wanted to say -- and I mean this without irony -- I think I can speak for everybody in the audience when I say that I wish to God that you were the President of the United States. | אבל רק רציתי לומר -- ואני מתכוון לזה בלי אירוניה -- אני חושב שאני יכול לדבר בשביל כולם בקהל כשאני אומר שאני מתפלל לאלוהים שהיית נשיא ארצות הברית. | en-he |
(Applause) OK, this is the title of my talk today. | (掌聲) 好的，這是我今天演講的主題。 | en-zh-tw |
(Laughter) I just want to give you a quick overview. | 猛然吞下死亡 (笑聲) 我只想給你們一個快速簡短的概要。 | en-zh-tw |
First of all, please remember I'm completely politically correct, and I mean everything with great affection. | Tout d'abord, veuillez vous souvenir que je suis entièrement politiquement correct, et tout ce que je dis, c'est avec beaucoup d'affection. | en-fr |
If any of you have sensitive stomachs or are feeling queasy, now is the time to check your Blackberry. | Se qualcuno tra voi è debole di stomaco o la nausea... ...è ora di dare un'occhiata al vostro Blackberry | en-it |
(Laughter) Just to review, this is my TEDTalk. | (risas) solo para revisar, esta es mi charla TED. | en-es |
We're going to do some jokes, some gags, some little skits -- and then we're going to talk about the L1 point. | Ще направим няколко шеги, няколко импровизации, няколко малки пародии -- и след това ще говорим за L1 точката. | en-bg |
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