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And this leads to oddities.
おかしなことがおこります
en-ja
One of my favorite is that people named Dennis are disproportionately likely to become dentists, people named Lawrence become lawyers, because unconsciously we gravitate toward things that sound familiar, which is why I named my daughter President of the United States Brooks.
یکی از علاقمندیهای من این است که افراد با اسم دنیس با احتمال زیادی دندانپزشک می شوند افراد با اسم لارنس وکیل می شوند چون ناخودآگاه ما به سمت چیزهایی تمایل پیدا می کنیم که به نظرمان آشنا می آیند، برای همین است که من اسم دخترم را گذاشتم رییس جمهور آمریکا بروکس
en-fa
(Laughter) Another finding is that the unconscious, far from being dumb and sexualized, is actually quite smart.
(Rires) Une autre découverte est que l'inconscient, loin d'être idiot et sexualisé, est en fait assez intelligent.
en-fr
So one of the most cognitively demanding things we do is buy furniture.
Едно от нещата, изискващи познания, е купуването на мебели.
en-bg
It's really hard to imagine a sofa, how it's going to look in your house.
自宅にぴったりのソファ選びは難しい
en-ja
And the way you should do that is study the furniture, let it marinate in your mind, distract yourself, and then a few days later, go with your gut, because unconsciously you've figured it out.
A sposób w jaki się powinno to robić: dobrze poznać mebel, pomarynować go w głowie, rozproszyć się, po czym wrócić kilka dni później, pójść na wyczucie bo podświadomie już i tak to rozgryźliśmy.
en-pl
The second insight is that emotions are at the center of our thinking.
Die zweite Erkenntnis ist, dass Gefühle im Zentrum unseres Denkens sitzen.
en-de
People with strokes and lesions in the emotion-processing parts of the brain are not super smart, they're actually sometimes quite helpless.
Ľudia po mozgovej mŕtvici a po zraneniach v časti mozgu spracúvajúcej emócie, nie sú veľmi múdri, niekedy sú vlastne dosť bezradní.
en-sk
And the "giant" in the field is in the room tonight and is speaking tomorrow morning -- Antonio Damasio.
والعملاق في هذا المجال موجود في هذه القاعة الليلة وسوفي يتحدث غدا صباحا-- انتونيو داماسيو.
en-ar
And one of the things he's really shown us is that emotions are not separate from reason, but they are the foundation of reason because they tell us what to value.
Unul din lucrurile pe care el ni le-a arătat este că emoţiile nu sunt separate de raţiune, ci sunt fundaţia raţiunii pentru că ele ne spun ce să apreciem.
en-ro
And so reading and educating your emotions is one of the central activities of wisdom.
Die eigenen Gefühle zu lesen und auszubilden, ist eine der zentralen Aktivitäten der Weisheit.
en-de
Now I'm a middle-aged guy.
지금 저는 중년의 남성입니다.
en-ko
I'm not exactly comfortable with emotions.
nie do końca czuję sie wygodnie jeśli chodzi o uczucia.
en-pl
One of my favorite brain stories described these middle-aged guys.
A minha história do cérebro favorita é sobre estes tipos de meia-idade.
en-pt
They put them into a brain scan machine -- this is apocryphal by the way, but I don't care -- and they had them watch a horror movie, and then they had them describe their feelings toward their wives.
Их помещали в машину для сканирования мозга – это, кстати, сомнительно, но не важно – и им показывали фильм ужасов, а затем их просили описать свои чувства к их женам.
en-ru
And the brain scans were identical in both activities.
De hersenscans waren in beide gevallen identiek.
en-nl
It was just sheer terror.
كانت تشترك في الرعب.
en-ar
So me talking about emotion is like Gandhi talking about gluttony, but it is the central organizing process of the way we think.
عندما اتحدث عن العاطفة ابدو مثل غاندي وهو يتحدث عن النهم, لكنها عملية مركزية في الطريقة التي نفكر بها.
en-ar
It tells us what to imprint.
Isso nos diz o que ponderar.
en-pt-br
The brain is the record of the feelings of a life.
Мозъкът е запис на чувствата за живота.
en-bg
And the third insight is that we're not primarily self-contained individuals.
И третото прозрение е, че ние не сме предимно затворени в себе си индивиди.
en-bg
We're social animals, not rational animals.
เราเป็นสัตว์สังคม ไม่ใช่สิ่งมีชีวิตแห่งตรรกะเหตุผล
en-th
We emerge out of relationships, and we are deeply interpenetrated, one with another.
Βγαίνουμε από σχέσεις όπου έχουμε δει ο ένας μέσα στον άλλον.
en-el
And so when we see another person, we reenact in our own minds what we see in their minds.
Jadi ketika kita melihat orang lain, kita memerankan ulang di dalam pikiran kita apa yang kita lihat dalam pikiran mereka.
en-id
When we watch a car chase in a movie, it's almost as if we are subtly having a car chase.
Keď sledujeme naháňačku áut vo filme, je to takmer akoby sme sa naháňali my.
en-sk
When we watch pornography, it's a little like having sex, though probably not as good.
Quando vemos pornografia, é um pouco como ter sexo, embora, provavelmente, não tão bom.
en-pt
And we see this when lovers walk down the street, when a crowd in Egypt or Tunisia gets caught up in an emotional contagion, the deep interpenetration.
وشاهدنا الاحباب عندما يسيرون في الشارع, حيث الجماهير في مصر وتونس اصيبو بعدوى عاطفية التداخل العميق.
en-ar
And this revolution in who we are gives us a different way of seeing, I think, politics, a different way, most importantly, of seeing human capital.
它隨時改變我們 讓我們用不同角度理解政治 最重要的 重新檢視人力資本
en-zh-tw
We are now children of the French Enlightenment.
A francia felvilágosodás gyermekei vagyunk most.
en-hu
We believe that reason is the highest of the faculties.
Wir glauben, dass die Vernunft die höchtste der Tugenden ist.
en-de
But I think this research shows that the British Enlightenment, or the Scottish Enlightenment, with David Hume, Adam Smith, actually had a better handle on who we are -- that reason is often weak, our sentiments are strong, and our sentiments are often trustworthy.
Mas eu acho que esta pesquisa mostra que o Iluminismo britânico, ou o Iluminismo escocês, com David Hume, Adam Smith, realmente tinha um melhor controle sobre quem somos – que a razão é muitas vezes fraca, nossos sentimentos são fortes, e os nossos sentimentos muitas vezes são confiáveis.
en-pt-br
And this work corrects that bias in our culture, that dehumanizing bias.
و این کار انحراف موجود در فرهنگ ما را اصلاح می کند. انحراف غیرانسانی را
en-fa
It gives us a deeper sense of what it actually takes for us to thrive in this life.
Het geeft ons een dieper besef van wat er eigenlijk voor nodig is voor ons om te floreren in dit leven.
en-nl
When we think about human capital we think about the things we can measure easily -- things like grades, SAT's, degrees, the number of years in schooling.
Когда мы думаем о человеческом капитале, мы думаем о вещах, которые мы можем легко измерить, таких как оценки, тесты в ВУЗе, учёные степени, количество лет образования.
en-ru
What it really takes to do well, to lead a meaningful life, are things that are deeper, things we don't really even have words for.
Ceea ce avem nevoie de fapt pentru a o duce bine, pentru a trăi o viaţă cu rost, sunt lucrurile care sunt mai adânci, lucruri pentru care nu prea avem cuvinte.
en-ro
And so let me list just a couple of the things I think this research points us toward trying to understand.
Et donc permettez-moi de faire la liste de deux ou trois choses que je crois que ces recherches nous poussent à essayer de comprendre.
en-fr
The first gift, or talent, is mindsight -- the ability to enter into other people's minds and learn what they have to offer.
Το πρώτο χάρισμα ή ταλέντο είναι το να διαβάζεις τη σκέψη, να μπορείς να μπαίνεις στο μυαλό του άλλου και να παίρνεις αυτό που έχει να δώσει.
en-el
Babies come with this ability.
婴儿就有这种能力。
en-zh-cn
Meltzoff, who's at the University of Washington, leaned over a baby who was 43 minutes old.
Meltzoff, der an der University of Washington ist, beugte sich über ein Baby, das 43 Minuten alt war.
en-de
He wagged his tongue at the baby.
เขาแลบลิ้นใส่เด็ก
en-th
The baby wagged her tongue back.
התינוקת נענעה בתשובה את לשונה.
en-he
Babies are born to interpenetrate into Mom's mind and to download what they find -- their models of how to understand reality.
Niemowlęcia się rodzą by przenikać w umysł mamy i sciągać to co tam znajdują -- swoje modele rozumienia rzeczywistości.
en-pl
In the United States, 55 percent of babies have a deep two-way conversation with Mom and they learn models to how to relate to other people.
En Estados Unidos el 55% de los bebés tienen una conversación bidireccional con la mamá y aprenden modelos de cómo relacionarse con otras personas.
en-es
And those people who have models of how to relate have a huge head start in life.
และคนที่มีแม่เป็นตัวอย่าง ได้เปรียบกว่าคนอื่นๆในชีวิตมาก
en-th
Scientists at the University of Minnesota did a study in which they could predict with 77 percent accuracy, at age 18 months, who was going to graduate from high school, based on who had good attachment with mom.
明尼苏达州大学的科学家做了个研究 看谁可以在18岁 从高中毕业 有77%的准确度 取决于他们与母亲的亲密程度。
en-zh-cn
Twenty percent of kids do not have those relationships.
20 % من الاطفال لا ينعمون بتلك العلاقة
en-ar
They are what we call avoidantly attached.
Říkáme tomu vyhýbavá vazba ("avoidant attachment")
en-cs
They have trouble relating to other people.
Au probleme în relaţionarea cu ceilalţi oameni.
en-ro
They go through life like sailboats tacking into the wind -- wanting to get close to people, but not really having the models of how to do that.
Životom idú ako plachetnice plávajúce proti vetru -- chcú sa k ľuďom dostať bližšie, no nemajú vzory toho, ako to urobiť.
en-sk
And so this is one skill of how to hoover up knowledge, one from another.
وهذه مهارة عن كيفية اكتساب المعرفة من شخص لاخر.
en-ar
A second skill is equipoise, the ability to have the serenity to read the biases and failures in your own mind.
두 번째 기술은 마음의 안정입니다. 이것은 당신의 마음속의 편견과 실패를 읽는 평온함을 가지는 능력을 뜻합니다.
en-ko
So for example, we are overconfidence machines.
Aşa suntem, de exemplu, maşini de supra-siguranţă de sine.
en-ro
Ninety-five percent of our professors report that they are above-average teachers.
95% dari para profesor kita melaporkan bahwa mereka adalah pengajar di atas rata-rata.
en-id
Ninety-six percent of college students say they have above-average social skills.
96 Prozent der College-Studenten sagen, dass sie überdurchschnittliche Sozialkompetenz besitzen.
en-de
Time magazine asked Americans, "Are you in the top one percent of earners?"
Time dergisi Amerikalılara 'Kazananların en üst birinci yüzdesinde misiniz?'
en-tr
Nineteen percent of Americans are in the top one percent of earners.
19 % Američanov je v tomto 1 %.
en-sk
(Laughter) This is a gender-linked trait, by the way.
خنده راستی این یک خصوصیت جنسیت محور هم هست
en-fa
Men drown at twice the rate of women, because men think they can swim across that lake.
Οι άντρες πνίγονται δυο φορές περισσότερο απ' τις γυναίκες γιατί οι άντρες πιστεύουν πως μπορούν να κολυμπήσουν όλη εκείνη τη λίμνη.
en-el
But some people have the ability and awareness of their own biases, their own overconfidence.
Но у некоторых людей есть способность и осознание своей собственной предвзятости, своей самоуверенности.
en-ru
They have epistemological modesty.
У них есть эпистемологическая скромность.
en-ru
They are open-minded in the face of ambiguity.
Sú bez predsudkov s ohľadom na nejednoznačnosť.
en-sk
They are able to adjust strength of the conclusions to the strength of their evidence.
Kanıtlarının gücünü sonuçların gücüyle ayarlayabilirler.
en-tr
They are curious.
Вони цікаві.
en-uk
And these traits are often unrelated and uncorrelated with IQ.
És ezek olyan tulajdonságok, amik gyakran függetlenek az IQ-tól.
en-hu
The third trait is metis, what we might call street smarts -- it's a Greek word.
Το τρίτο χαρακτηριστικό είναι το να είσαι "μέτις" θα μπορούσαμε να το πούμε "μάγκας" - είναι ελληνική λέξη.
en-el
It's a sensitivity to the physical environment, the ability to pick out patterns in an environment -- derive a gist.
Це чутливість до фізичного оточення, здатність виявити моделі у просторі, здатність вивести суть.
en-uk
One of my colleagues at the Times did a great story about soldiers in Iraq who could look down a street and detect somehow whether there was an IED, a landmine, in the street.
我在时代杂志的一个同事 为伊拉克士兵做了一个专题 他们可以光靠看着一条街 就知道有没有地雷。
en-zh-cn
They couldn't tell you how they did it, but they could feel cold, they felt a coldness, and they were more often right than wrong.
Nu îţi puteau spune cum o făceau, dar simţeau frig, simţeau o răceală, şi aveau dreptate mai des decât greşeau.
en-ro
The third is what you might call sympathy, the ability to work within groups.
Thứ ba là cái bạn có thể gọi là sự đông cảm, khả năng làm việc nhóm.
en-vi
And that comes in tremendously handy, because groups are smarter than individuals.
Và nó thường có ích rất nhiều, vì những nhóm thì thông minh hơn những cá nhân khác--
en-vi
And face-to-face groups are much smarter than groups that communicate electronically, because 90 percent of our communication is non-verbal.
a skupiny pracující osobně jsou mnohem schopnější, než skupiny pracující na dálku, protože 90 procent naší komunikace je neverbálního charakteru.
en-cs
And the effectiveness of a group is not determined by the IQ of the group; it's determined by how well they communicate, how often they take turns in conversation.
Und die Effizienz einer Gruppe wird nicht vom IQ der Gruppe bestimmt, sondern sie wird davon bestimmt, wie gut sie kommuniziert, wie oft sie sich in der Konversation abwechseln.
en-de
Then you could talk about a trait like blending.
Aztán beszélhetünk az egybeolvadás képességéről.
en-hu
Any child can say, "I'm a tiger," pretend to be a tiger.
Кожна дитина може сказати: "я тигр", прикинутися тигром.
en-uk
It seems so elementary.
Annyira alapvetőnek látszik.
en-hu
But in fact, it's phenomenally complicated to take a concept "I" and a concept "tiger" and blend them together.
Բայց իրականում, արտակարգ բարդ է վերցնել «ես»-ի և «վագր»-ի գաղափարները և դրանք միմյանց ձուլել։
en-hy
But this is the source of innovation.
Dar aceasta este sursa inovaţiei.
en-ro
What Picasso did, for example, was take the concept "Western art" and the concept "African masks" and blend them together -- not only the geometry, but the moral systems entailed in them.
Amit Picasso tett, például, az volt, hogy vette a nyugati művészetet és az afrikai maszkokat, és egybegyúrta a kettőt -- nem csak a geometriájukat, hanem a bennük lévő erkölcsi rendszereket is.
en-hu
And these are skills, again, we can't count and measure.
و اینها مهارتهایی است که به حساب نمیاد و شمرده نمی شه.
en-fa
And then the final thing I'll mention is something you might call limerence.
A última coisa que vou referir é algo a que podem chamar arrebatamento.
en-pt
And this is not an ability; it's a drive and a motivation.
Dit is geen vaardigheid, het is een kracht en een motivatie.
en-nl
The conscious mind hungers for success and prestige.
Het bewuste brein verlangt naar succes en prestige.
en-nl
The unconscious mind hungers for those moments of transcendence, when the skull line disappears and we are lost in a challenge or a task -- when a craftsman feels lost in his craft, when a naturalist feels at one with nature, when a believer feels at one with God's love.
Das Unterbewusstsein sehnt sich nach diesen Momenten der Transzendenz, wenn wir die Grenzen des Kopfes überwinden und wir in einer Herausforderung oder einer Aufgabe verloren sind – wenn ein Handwerker sich in seinem Handwerk verloren fühlt, wenn sich ein Naturalist eins fühlt mit der Natur, wenn ein Gläubiger sich eins fühlt mit der Liebe Gottes.
en-de
That is what the unconscious mind hungers for.
Eso es lo que ansía la mente inconsciente.
en-es
And many of us feel it in love when lovers feel fused.
私たちは恋愛時に この一体感を感じます
en-ja
And one of the most beautiful descriptions I've come across in this research of how minds interpenetrate was written by a great theorist and scientist named Douglas Hofstadter at the University of Indiana.
Одно из самых красивых описаний, с которым я столкнулся в этом исследовании того, как умы переплетаются, было дано великим теоретиком и ученым Дугласом Хофштадтером из Университета Индианы.
en-ru
He was married to a woman named Carol, and they had a wonderful relationship.
Bio je oženjen ženom po imenu Kerol i imali su predivan odnos.
en-sr
When their kids were five and two, Carol had a stroke and a brain tumor and died suddenly.
Quando os filhos tinham cinco e dois anos, a Carol teve um AVC e um tumor cerebral e morreu repentinamente.
en-pt
And Hofstadter wrote a book called "I Am a Strange Loop."
ฮอฟแสตดเตอร์ จึงเขียนหนังสือ ชื่อว่า "ผมเป็นวงแหวนอันแสนประหลาด (I Am a Strange Loop)"
en-th
In the course of that book, he describes a moment -- just months after Carol has died -- he comes across her picture on the mantel, or on a bureau in his bedroom.
ในหนังสือเล่มนั้น เขาบรรยายถึงเหตุการณ์นึง หลังจากที่ภรรยาเสียไปเมื่อไม่กี่เดือน เขาเห็นรูปเธอเหนือเตาผิง หรือที่โต๊ะข้างเตียง
en-th
And here's what he wrote: "I looked at her face, and I looked so deeply that I felt I was behind her eyes.
و این چیزیه که نوشته: من به چهره ش نگاه کردم خیلی عمیق نگاه کردم و بعد حس کردم که من پشت چشمهاش هستم
en-fa
And all at once I found myself saying as tears flowed, 'That's me. That's me.' And those simple words brought back many thoughts that I had had before, about the fusion of our souls into one higher-level entity, about the fact that at the core of both our souls lay our identical hopes and dreams for our children, about the notion that those hopes were not separate or distinct hopes, but were just one hope, one clear thing that defined us both, that welded us into a unit -- the kind of unit I had but dimly imagined before being married and having children.
I odjednom sam shvatio da govorim kako su suze tekle, 'To sam ja. To sam ja.' I te jednostavne riječi dovele su nazad mnoge misli koje sam imao prije, o spajanju naših duša u jedan viši entitet, o činjenici da u srži naših obiju duša leže naše identične nade i snovi za našu djecu, o ideji da te nade nisu odvojene ili različite, nego su samo jedna nada, jedna jasna stvar koja definira nas oboje, koja nas je spojila u cjelinu -- vrsta cjeline koju sam maglovito zamislio prije nego što sam se oženio i imao djecu.
en-hr
I realized that, though Carol had died, that core piece of her had not died at all, but had lived on very determinedly in my brain."
Rájöttem, hogy, bár Carol meghalt, a lelkének lényege egyáltalán nem halt meg, hanem nagyon is határozottan élt az én agyamban."
en-hu
The Greeks say we suffer our way to wisdom.
Grecy powiadają, że cierpienie jest naszą drogą do mądrości.
en-pl
Through his suffering, Hofstadter understood how deeply interpenetrated we are.
Kroz svoju patnju, Hofstader je razumeo kako smo duboko povezani.
en-sr
Through the policy failures of the last 30 years, we have come to acknowledge, I think, how shallow our view of human nature has been.
Через невдалі політичні рішення останніх 30 років, я вважаю, ми дійшли до усвідомлення, наскільки поверхневим було наше бачення людської природи.
en-uk
And now as we confront that shallowness and the failures that derive from our inability to get the depths of who we are, comes this revolution in consciousness -- these people in so many fields exploring the depth of our nature and coming away with this enchanted, this new humanism.
Ve şimdi, bu sığlıkla ve kim olduğumuzun derinliklerine ulaşma konusundaki beceriksizliğimizden doğan başarısızlıklarımızla yüzleşirken, bilinçteki şu devrim ortaya çıkıyor - doğamızın derinliklerini araştıran birçok farklı alandan bu insanlar bu büyüleyici, bu yeni hümanizma ile geliyorlar.
en-tr
And when Freud discovered his sense of the unconscious, it had a vast effect on the climate of the times.
當佛洛伊德發現了潛意識 深深影響了當時的學術狀況
en-zh-tw
Now we are discovering a more accurate vision of the unconscious, of who we are deep inside, and it's going to have a wonderful and profound and humanizing effect on our culture.
現在我們發現了一個更精確的看法 有關我們的潛意識 - 我們內心裡究竟是誰 它將會對我們的文化帶來一種美妙、深刻 和更為人性的影響。
en-zh-tw
I want to ask you all to consider for a second the very simple fact that, by far, most of what we know about the universe comes to us from light.
Voglio chiedere a tutti voi di considerare per un secondo il semplicissimo fatto che, di gran lunga, la maggior parte di ciò che conosciamo sull'universo ci arriva dalla luce.
en-it