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Gradualism , from Latin gradus ( `` step '' ) , is the belief in or the policy of change by gradual , often slow stages . | Gradualism is a process of change by gradual , slow stages . |
Chapman was born in Cleveland , Ohio . | She was born in Cleveland in Ohio . |
Tracy Chapman ( born March 30 , 1964 ) is an American singer-songwriter , known for her singles `` Fast Car '' , `` Talkin ' ` bout a Revolution '' , `` Baby Can I Hold You '' , `` Crossroads '' , `` Give Me One Reason '' and `` Telling Stories '' . | Tracy Chapman ( born 30 March 1964 ) is an American singer-songwriter . |
In 1287 , at the age of about 20 , Giotto married Ricevuta di Lapo del Pela , known as `` Ciuta '' . | In 1287 , when he was about 20 , Giotto married Ricevuta di Lapo del Pela , known as `` Ciuta '' . |
The famous Florentine sculptor and architect , Arnolfo di Cambio , was then also working in Rome . | The famous sculptor and architect from Florence , Arnolfo di Cambio , was also working in Rome . |
In his Lives of the Artists , Giorgio Vasari relates that Giotto was a shepherd boy , a merry and intelligent child who was loved by all who knew him . | In his Lives of the Artists , Giorgio Vasari tells the story of how Giotto was a shepherd boy , a merry and intelligent child who was loved by all who knew him . |
From Rome , Cimabue went to Assisi to paint several large frescoes at the newly built Basilica of St Francis of Assisi , and it is possible , but not certain , that Giotto went with him . | From Rome , Giotto 's teacher Cimabue went to Assisi to paint several large frescoes at the `` Upper Church '' of the newly-built Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi . |
They were so lifelike that Cimabue approached Bondone and asked if he could take the boy as an apprentice . | They were so lifelike that Cimabue asked Bondone if he could take the boy as an apprentice . |
He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance . | He is generally thought of as the first in a line of great artists of the Italian Renaissance . |
According to Vasari , Giotto 's earliest works were for the Dominicans at Santa Maria Novella . | Vasari wrote that Giotto 's earliest works were for the Dominican Friars at the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence . |
The great Florentine painter Cimabue discovered Giotto drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock . | One day the great Florentine painter Cimabue passed by and saw him drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock . |
Giotto di Bondone ( 1266\/7 - January 8 , 1337 ) , known as Giotto ( Italian : ( ˈdʒɔtto ) ) , was an Italian painter and architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages . | Giotto di Bondone ( c.1267-January 8 1337 ) , usually known as Giotto , was an Italian painter and architect from Florence . |
This fresco cycle depicts the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ . | This fresco series shows the life of the Virgin and the life of Christ . |
Around 1305 Giotto executed his most influential work , the painted decoration of the interior of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua . | Giotto 's greatest work is the decoration of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua , finished around 1305 . |
He writes that when Cimabue was absent from the workshop , his young apprentice painted such a lifelike fly on the face of the painting that Cimabue was working on , that he tried several times to brush it off . | Vasari writes that when Cimabue was away from the workshop , Giotto painted a fly on the face of the painting that his master was working on . |
It is regarded as one of the supreme masterpieces of the Early Renaissance . | It is thought of as one of the greatest masterpieces of the Early Renaissance . |
It has been traditional to hold that Giotto was born in a hilltop farmhouse , perhaps at Colle di Romagnano or Romignano ; since 1850 a tower house in nearby Colle Vespignano , a hamlet 35 kilometres north of Florence , has borne a plaque claiming the honor of his birthplace , an assertion commercially publicized . | Giotto was probably born in a hilltop farmhouse , perhaps at Colle di Romagnano or Romignano . |
The palace , now gone , and the chapel were on the site of a Roman arena , for which reason it is commonly known as the Arena Chapel . | The building is sometimes called the `` Arena Chapel '' because it is on the site of an Ancient Roman arena . |
Of Giotto 's realism , the 19th-century English critic John Ruskin said `` He painted the Madonna and St. Joseph and the Christ , yes , by all means ... but essentially Mamma , Papa and Baby . '' | A famous English critic of the 1800s , John Ruskin , said that while Giotto painted the Madonna and St. Joseph and the Christ Child , he also painted them to look like an ordinary `` Mamma , Papa and Baby . '' |
Vasari also relates that when the Pope sent a messenger to Giotto , asking him to send a drawing to demonstrate his skill , Giotto drew , in red paint , a circle so perfect that it seemed as though it was drawn using a compass and instructed the messenger to give that to the Pope . | Instead of doing a painting , which would take many days , Giotto drew , in red paint , a circle that was so perfect that it seemed as though it was drawn using a pair of compasses . |
The year of his birth is calculated from the fact that Antonio Pucci , the town crier of Florence , wrote a poem in Giotto 's honor in which it is stated that he was 70 at the time of his death . | The year of his death is 1337 , but the year of his birth ( 1267 ) is based on a poem by Antonio Pucci , the town crier of Florence , who said that Giotto was seventy when he died . |
He was called to work in Padua , and also in Rimini , where today only a Crucifix remains in the Church of St. Francis , painted before 1309 . | He was called to work in Rome , Padua , and Rimini , where his Crucifix can be seen in the Church of St Francis . |
That Giotto painted the Arena Chapel and that he was chosen by the Comune of Florence in 1334 to design the new campanile ( bell tower ) of the Florence Cathedral are among the few certainties of his biography . | It is known that in 1334 Giotto was chosen by the `` commune '' ( town council ) of Florence to design the bell tower next to Florence Cathedral which was being built at that time . |
Cimabue was one of the two most highly renowned painters of Tuscany , the other being Duccio , who worked mainly in Siena . | He worked in Florence , while the other famous painter , Duccio , worked mainly in Siena . |
Cimabue may have been working in Rome in this period , and there was an active local school of fresco painters , of whom the most famous was Pietro Cavallini . | The most famous painter in Rome was Pietro Cavallini . |
The so-called `` seed ferns '' ( Pteridospermae ) were one of the earliest successful groups of land plants , and forests dominated by seed ferns were prevalent in the late Paleozoic . | The living spermatophytes form five groups : The fossil seed ferns ( Pteridospermatophyta ) were one of the earliest successful groups of land plants , and forests dominated by seed ferns were prevalent in the Permian . |
By the Triassic period , seed ferns had declined in ecological importance , and representatives of modern gymnosperm groups were abundant and dominant through the end of the Cretaceous , when angiosperms radiated . | By the Triassic period , seed ferns had declined , ( perhaps were extinct ) and modern gymnosperm groups were abundant and dominant to the Upper Cretaceous , when angiosperms radiated . |
ETA was founded on 31 July 1959 as Euskadi Ta Askatasuna ( Basque Homeland and Freedom ) by students frustrated by the moderate stance of the Basque Nationalist Party . | Euskadi Ta Askatasuna or ETA ( Basque for `` Basque Homeland and Freedom '' ; IPA pronunciation : ( ˈɛːta ) ) is a terrorist nationalist militant organization . |
Following the appointment of Eric Bischoff and Stephanie McMahon as General Managers of the Raw and SmackDown brands respectively , Stephanie McMahon contracted then-WWE Undisputed Champion Brock Lesnar to the SmackDown brand , leaving the Raw brand without a world title . | Following the appointment of Eric Bischoff and Stephanie McMahon as General Managers of the Raw and SmackDown brands respectively , Stephanie McMahon contracted then-WWE Undisputed World Champion Brock Lesnar to the SmackDown brand , leaving the Raw brand without a world title . |
On September 2 , after disputing the brand designation of the Undisputed title , Eric Bischoff announced the creation of the World Heavyweight Championship , spun off from the Undisputed title . | On September 2 , after disputing the brand designation of the Undisputed Championship , Eric Bischoff announced the creation of the World Heavyweight Championship , spun off from the Undisputed Championship . |
At the event , Chris Jericho defeated The Rock and Stone Cold Steve Austin to win the WCW Championship and WWF Championship respectively . | At the event , Chris Jericho defeated The Rock and Stone Cold Steve Austin to win the WCW World Championship and WWF World Championship respectively . |
In May 2002 , the WWF was renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and the championship became known as the WWE Undisputed Championship . | In May 2002 , the WWF was renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and the championship became known as the WWE Undisputed World Championship . |
On July 3 , 2006 , Edge defeated John Cena and Rob Van Dam in a Triple Threat Match to win the WWE Championship . | On July 3 , Edge defeated John Cena and Rob Van Dam in a Triple Threat Match to win the WWE Championship . |
At the subsequent SummerSlam pay-per-view , Punk defeated Cena to solidify his claim on the title , only to lose the title moments later to Alberto Del Rio , who opportunistically cashed in his Money in the Bank contract after Kevin Nash attacked Punk . | At the subsequent SummerSlam pay-per-view , Punk defeated Cena to solidify his claim on the title , only to lose the title moments later to Alberto Del Rio , who opportunistically cashed in his Money in the Bank contract after Kevin Nash attacked . |
Near the end of the ratings war , WCW began a financial decline , which culminated in March 2001 with the WWF 's purchase of WCW . | Near the end of the ratings war , WCW began a financial decline , which ended in March 2001 with the WWF 's purchase of WCW . |
Rob Van Dam defeated John Cena to win the WWE Championship , moving the title to the now defunct ECW brand , a WWE brand established from purchased assets of the Extreme Championship Wrestling promotion . | Rob Van Dam defeated John Cena to win the WWE Championship , moving the title to the ECW brand , a WWE brand established from purchased assets of the Extreme Championship Wrestling promotion . |
Following these changes , the WWE Undisputed Championship remained unaffiliated with either brand as competitors from both brands could challenge the WWE Undisputed Champion . | Following these changes , the WWE Undisputed Championship remained unaffiliated with either brand as competitors from both brands could challenge the WWE Undisputed World Champion . |
In July 2011 , CM Punk was involved in a storyline where he vowed to leave WWE with the WWE Championship when his contract expired on July 17 , 2011 ( the date of the 2011 Money in the Bank pay-per-view ) . | In July 2011 , CM Punk was involved in a storyline , where he vowed to leave WWE with the WWE Championship when his contract expired on July 17 , 2011 ( the date of the 2011 Money in the Bank pay-per-view ) . |
During this time , Buddy Rogers held the NWA World Heavyweight Championship until January 24 , when Lou Thesz defeated Rogers for the championship . | During this time , Buddy Rogers held the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , the world title of the NWA , until Lou Thesz defeated Rogers for the championship on January 24 , 1963 . |
The holder of the contract is guaranteed a WWE or World Heavyweight title match at anytime of their choosing . | The holder of the contract is guaranteed a WWE , World Heavyweight , or ECW Championship match at anytime of their choosing . |
Immediately afterward , the WWE Undisputed Championship became known as the WWE Championship . | Immediately afterward , the WWE Undisputed World Championship returned to being known as the WWE World Championship or just the WWE Championship . |
In 1991 , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , a member of the NWA , established the WCW World Heavyweight Championship to complement the NWA 's world title . | In 1991 , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , another NWA territory , established the WCW World Heavyweight Championship alongside the NWA world title . |
As a result of the purchase , the WWF acquired the video library of WCW , select talent contracts , and championships , among other assets . | With this purchase , WWF now owned the video library of WCW , select talent contracts , and championships , among other assets . |
At the event , Punk succeeded in defeating the defending champion John Cena to win the championship , and left the company with the physical title belt . | At the event , Punk succeeded in defeating the defending champion , John Cena to win the championship , and legitimately left the company with the physical title belt . |
Affiliated with the NWA once again , the WWWF was renamed to World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) in 1979 , and after conclusively ending its affiliation with the NWA in 1983 , the championship became known as the WWF World Heavyweight Championship and later simply as the WWF Championship by the 1990s . | Affiliated with the NWA once again , the WWWF was renamed to World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) in 1979 . |
Following this , the WCW Championship ( which had become known simply as the `` World Championship '' ) was unified with the WWF Championship at Vengeance 2001 . | Following this , the WCW World Championship was unified with the WWF World Championship , at Vengeance 2001 in December . |
Following the events of the WWE Brand Extension , an annual WWE Draft was established . | Following the events of the WWE Brand Extension , an annual WWE Draft was established , in which select members of the WWE roster are reassigned to a different brand . |
In the 1950s , Capitol Wrestling Corporation ( CWC ) was a member of the NWA and by 1963 , CWC executives held a controlling stake over NWA operations . | In the 1950s , Capitol Wrestling Corporation ( CWC ) was an NWA territory , and by 1963 , CWC executives had a large amount of control over NWA . |
WCW then seceded from the NWA and grew to become a rival promotion to the WWF . | WCW then left the NWA and grew to become a rival promotion to the WWF . |
The title was introduced in 1963 with Buddy Rogers becoming the first champion . | The WWE World Championship was introduced in 1963 , with Buddy Rogers becoming the first world champion on April 29 . |
On December 15 , 2013 at the TLC : Tables , Ladders , & Chairs pay-per-view , WWE Champion Randy Orton defeated World Heavyweight Champion John Cena in a TLC match to unify the titles . | On December 15 , 2013 , Randy Orton beat John Cena for the World Heavyweight Championship at TLC : Tables , Ladders , & Chairs . |
Both organizations grew into mainstream prominence and were eventually involved in a television ratings war , dubbed the Monday Night Wars . | Both groups became popular with the general public , and then were involved in a television ratings war , dubbed the Monday Night Wars . |
With that the WWE Championship was renamed WWE World Heavyweight Championship . | He was already WWE Champion when he won the championship and unified the World Heavyweight Championship with the WWE Championship to make the `` WWE World Heavyweight Championship '' . |
The WWE World Heavyweight Championship is a world heavyweight championship within the professional wrestling promotion WWE . | The World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) World Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling world championship in WWE . |
Following a dispute over the result , CWC seceded from the NWA and became the World Wide Wrestling Federation ( WWWF ) . | After a dispute over the result , CWC left the NWA and created a new promotion , the World Wide Wrestling Federation ( WWWF ) . |
Also since August 29 , 2011 , with all WWE programming becoming `` Supershows '' featuring the entire roster , the title has been defended on both Raw and Smackdown . | On August 29 , 2011 , all WWE TV programming became so-called `` Supershows '' that feature wrestlers from both Raw and SmackDown . |
In the human anatomy , the chin is the lowermost part of the face . | The chin is the bottom part of the face . |
The terms Danes ( Danish : danskere ) and Danish people refer to the nation and ethnic group that is native to Denmark , and who speak Danish . | Danish people or Danes are the nation and ethnic group that is born in Denmark , and who speak Danish . |
Between them , the two songs won three Grammy Awards . | It won 2 Grammy awards for Best R&B Male Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song . |
The double album-with-extra-EP Songs in the Key of Life , was released in September 1976 . | Wonder 's next album Songs in the Key of Life also reached number one . |
The lead single , `` I Just Called to Say I Love You '' , was a No. 1 pop and R&B hit in both the United States and the United Kingdom , where it was placed 13th in the list of best-selling singles in the UK published in 2002 . | In 1984 Wonder 's single `` I Just Called to Say I Love You '' reached number one in the United States . |
His key appearances include performing at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City , the 2005 Live 8 concert in Philadelphia , the pre-game show for Super Bowl XL in 2006 , the Obama Inaugural Celebration in 2009 , and the opening ceremony of the 2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games in ... | On June 25 , 2011 , Wonder performed at the opening ceremony of the 2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games in Athens , Greece . |
After the Second World War , SAAB used the configuration in their first model , the Saab 92 , in 1947 . | After the World War II , SAAB used the configuration in their first model , the Saab 92 , in 1947 . |
The first successful transverse-engine cars were the two-cylinder DKW `` Front '' series of cars , which first appeared in 1931 . | The first successful transverse-engine cars were the two-cylinder DKW `` Front '' series of cars . |
( The vast majority of rear wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine configuration , where the engine 's crankshaft axis is parallel to the long axis of the vehicle . ) | The majority of rear wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine design , where the engine 's crankshaft axis is parallel to the vehicle . |
Many modern front wheel drive vehicles use this engine mounting configuration . | Many modern front wheel drive vehicles use a transverse engine mounting design . |
The first car known to use such an arrangement was a 1911 front-wheel drive car with a clutch at each end of the engine , driving the front wheels directly . | The first car known to use such an arrangement was a 1911 front-wheel drive car . |
Engines may be placed in two main positions within the motor car : Space allowed for engines within the front wheel wells is commonly limited to the following : The description of the orientation of a V-twin engine in a motorcycle often contradicts the given convention . | Engines may be placed in two main positions within the motor car : |
A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine 's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the long axis of the vehicle . | A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine 's crankshaft is at a right angle ( 90 ° ) to the vehicle . |
Euwe also served as President of FIDE , the World Chess Federation , from 1970 to 1978 . | Euwe served as President of FIDE , the World Chess Federation , from 1970 to 1978 . |
Then in the return match , Alekhine won by six points . | Alekhine won the title back in a rematch two years later . |
Großenhain is located on the river Röder , 30 km ( 19 mi ) northwest of Dresden , and 17 km ( 11 mi ) east of Riesa . | Großenhain is on the river Röder , 30 km northwest of Dresden , and 17 km east of Riesa . |
It is also situated on Via Regia from Görlitz to Santiago de Compostela . | It is also on Via Regia from Görlitz to Santiago de Compostela . |
Großenhain was originally a Sorb settlement . | Großenhain was originally a Sorbian settlement . |
As it was not possible to read mathematics there at the time , Hawking decided to study physics and chemistry . | He studied physics and chemistry there . |
degree , and following a trip to Iran with a friend , he began his graduate work at Trinity Hall , Cambridge , in October 1962 . | In October 1962 he started his graduate course at Trinity Hall . |
In 1950 , when his father became head of the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research , Hawking and his family moved to St Albans , Hertfordshire . | In 1950 , he moved to St Albans , Hertfordshire . |
There were other positive developments : Hawking received a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College , and he and Jane were married on 14 July 1965 . | He then got a fellowship ( a job as a university teacher ) at Gonville and Caius College in 1965 . |
Roméo et Juliette ( Romeo and Juliet ) is an opéra in five acts by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carré , based on The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare . | Roméo et Juliette is a French opera in five acts by Charles Gounod , first performed in Paris , on April 27 , 1867 , libretto by Jules Barbier et Michel Carré , after Shakespeare 's Romeo and Juliet . |
The Trent is unusual amongst English rivers in that it flows north ( for the second half of its route ) , and in exhibiting a tidal bore , the `` Trent Aegir '' . | It is unusual amongst English rivers in that it flows north ( for the second half of its route ) , and is also unusual in exhibiting a tidal bore , the `` Aegir '' . |
It flows through the Midlands ( forming a once significant boundary between the north and south of England ) until it joins the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary , which empties into the North Sea between Hull and Immingham . | It flows through the center of England until it joins the River Ouse to form the River Humber ( estuary ) which empties into the North Sea . |
Boards are usually supplied in random widths and lengths of a specified thickness , and sold by the board-foot ( 144 cubic inches or 2,360 cubic centimetres , 1⁄12 th of 1 cubic foot or 0.028 cubic metres ) . | Boards are usually supplied in random widths and lengths of a specified thickness , and sold by the board-foot ( 144 cubic inches ) . |
Besides pulpwood , rough lumber is the raw material for furniture-making and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping . | Rough lumber is the raw material for furniture making . |
In the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth Countries such as Australia and New Zealand , timber is a term used for sawn wood products , such as floor boards , whereas generally in the United States and Canada , it refers to standing or felled trees , before they are milled into boards referred to as lumber . | In the U.K. and Australia , `` timber '' is a term also used for sawn wood products ( that is , boards ) , whereas generally in the United States and Canada , the product of timber cut into boards is referred to as lumber . |
It is available in many species , usually hardwoods , but it is also readily available in softwoods such as white pine and red pine because of their low cost . | It is available in many species , usually hardwoods . |
Lumber is supplied either rough-sawn as it came off of the saw or surfaced on one , two , three or all four sides . | Lumber is supplied either rough or finished . |
Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease , as the eruptive fallout ruined agricultural productivity in the local region . | Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease , as the fallout ruined farming in the local region . |
The death toll was at least 71,000 people , of whom 11,000-12 ,000 were killed directly by the eruption ; the often-cited figure of 92,000 people killed is believed to be overestimated . | The death toll was at least 71,000 people , of whom 11,000-12 ,000 were killed directly by the eruption . |
The eruption caused global climate anomalies that included the phenomenon known as `` volcanic winter '' : 1816 became known as the `` Year Without a Summer '' because of the effect on North American and European weather . | 1816 became known as the `` Year without a summer '' because of the effect on North American and European weather . |
With an estimated ejecta volume of 160 km3 ( 38 cu mi ) , Tambora 's 1815 outburst was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history . | Tambora 's 1815 outburst was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history . |
Before the explosion , Mount Tambora was approximately 4,300 m ( 14,100 ft ) high , one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago . | Before the explosion , Tambora was 4,300 m ( 14,100 ft ) high , now it is only 2,722 m ( 8,930 ft ) high . |
The VEI 7 eruption had a total tephra ejecta volume of 160 km3 ( 38 cu mi ) . | The estimated total volume of material blown out is 160 km3 ( 38 cu mi ) . |
He is the second child in Canadian history to be born when one of his parents was prime minister ; the first was John A. Macdonald 's youngest daughter Margaret Mary Macdonald . | He is the second child in Canadian history to be born while one of his parents was prime minister ; the first was John A. Macdonald 's youngest daughter Margaret Mary Macdonald . |
After graduation , he worked as a social studies and French teacher at West Point Grey Academy and Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School in Vancouver , British Columbia . | He taught at West Point Grey Academy and Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School in Vancouver , British Columbia . |
Trudeau has a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature from McGill University and a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia . | Trudeau earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in literature from McGill University and a Bachelor of Education degree from the University of British Columbia . |
Trudeau is the eldest son of Pierre Trudeau , long-serving Prime Minister , and Margaret Trudeau . | He is the eldest son of former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau . |
On April 14 , 2013 , Trudeau was elected leader of the Liberal Party of Canada . | He was elected leader on April 14 , 2013 . |
Justin Pierre James Trudeau MP ( born December 25 , 1971 ) is a Canadian politician and the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada . | Justin Pierre James Trudeau , ( born December 25 , 1971 in Ottawa ) , is a Canadian politician . |
Smith entered business in New York City and became an increasingly vocal opponent of Roosevelt 's New Deal . | Smith entered business in New York City , and became an increasingly vocal opponent of Roosevelt 's New Deal . |
Most importantly , this was a time of national prosperity under a Republican Presidency , and Smith lost in a landslide to Republican Herbert Hoover . | It was a time of national prosperity , and Smith lost in a landslide to Republican Herbert Hoover . |
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