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For example , the Seoul Electric Company , Seoul Electric Trolley Company , and Seoul Fresh Spring Water Company were all joint Korean-American owned enterprises .	Seoul 's transportation dates back to the Korean empire , when the first streetcar lines were laid and a railroad between Seoul and Incheon was completed .
On the Coal Measures in particular he became an acknowledged authority , and his Observations on the Structure of Fossil Plants found in the Carboniferous Strata ( 1868-1875 ) formed one of the monographs of the Palaeontographical Society .	He became an expert on the Coal Measures , and his Observations on the Structure of Fossil Plants found in the Carboniferous Strata ( 1868-1875 ) was one of the studies of the Palaeontographical Society .
Binney was part of a close Manchester social circle that included James Prescott Joule , William Sturgeon , John Davies and John Leigh .	Binney was close friends with James Prescott Joule , William Sturgeon , John Davies and John Leigh .
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1856 and died at Manchester in 1882 .	He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1856 and died in Manchester .
Edward William Binney FRS , FGS ( 1812-1882 ) was an English geologist .	Edward William Binney FRS ( 1812-1882 ) was an English geologist .
He was also successively secretary and president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society .	He also was the secretary and later the president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society .
Edward William Binney was born at Morton , in Nottinghamshire in 1812 , and educated at Queen Elizabeth 's Grammar School , Gainsborough .	Edward William Binney was born in Morton , Nottinghamshire in 1812 .
Working especially at the Carboniferous and Permian rocks of the north of England , he studied also the Drift deposits of Lancashire , which resulted in him and Joseph Dalton Hooker finding the first coal balls , and made himself familiar with the geology of the area around Manchester .	He and Joseph Dalton Hooker found the first coal balls .
He assisted in 1838 in founding the Manchester Geological Society , of which he was then chosen one of the honorary secretaries ; he was elected president in 1857 , and again in 1865 .	He was elected president in 1857 and again in 1865 .
He retired soon afterwards from legal practice and gave his chief attention to geological pursuits .	He soon retired from legal practice to study geology .
He died in exile in Honolulu , Hawaii .	He died in exile in Hawaii .
He allowed the internal security force ( headed by his right-hand man , Kim Chang-ryong ) to detain and torture suspected communists and North Korean agents .	He allowed the internal security force ( headed by his right-hand man , Kim Chang-ryong ) to put people in prison and torture them if they were thought to be Communists or North Korean agents .
Rhee was regarded as an anti-Communist and a strongman , and he led South Korea through the Korean War .	Rhee was a strong anti-Communist , and led South Korea through the Korean War .
His latter three-term presidency ( August 1948 to April 1960 ) was strongly affected by Cold War tensions on the Korean peninsula .	His presidency , from August 1948 to April 1960 , remains controversial , affected by Cold War tensions on the Korean peninsula and elsewhere .
Alnico alloys make strong permanent magnets , and can be magnetised to produce strong magnetic fields .	Alnico alloys make strong powerful magnets , and can be made magnets ( called magnetising ) to produce strong magnetic fields .
Alnico magnets produce magnetic field strength at their poles as high as 1500 gauss ( 0.15 tesla ) , or about 3000 times the strength of Earth 's magnetic field .	Alnico magnets produce very strong magnetic fields at their poles ( a pole is one of the two ends of a magnet ) as high as 1500 gauss ( 0.15 tesla which is about 3000 times stronger than earth 's magnetic field .
Before the development of rare earth magnets in the 1970s , they were the strongest type of magnet .	Before , rare earth magnets were developed in the 1970s , alnico magnets were the most strongest type of magnet .
Alnico is an acronym referring to a family of iron alloys which in addition to iron are composed primarily of aluminium ( Al ) , nickel ( Ni ) and cobalt ( Co ) , hence al-ni-co .	Alnico is an acronym ( A short form or an abbreviation formed from the starting letters of other words and spoken as a word ) of iron alloys which are made up of iron and aluminium ( Al ) , nickel ( Ni ) and cobalt ( Co ) , and hence the acronym Al-Ni-Co .
The development of alnico began in 1931 , when T. Mishima in Japan discovered that an alloy of iron , nickel , and aluminum had a coercivity of 400 oersted ( Oe ; 32 kA\/m ) , double that of the best magnet steels of the time .	The development of Alnico began when T Mishima in Japan found that an alloy of iron , nickel , and aluminium had double the coercivity than best magnets of that time .
Alnico alloys are ferromagnetic , with a high coercivity ( resistance to loss of magnetism ) and are used to make permanent magnets .	Alnico alloys also have a high coercivity ( they do not easily lose their magnetism ) and are used to make permanent magnets .
Alnico alloys have some of the highest Curie temperatures of any magnetic material , around 800 ° C ( 1,470 ° F ) , although the maximum working temperature is normally limited to around 538 ° C ( 1,000 ° F ) .	Alnico magnets have one of the highest Curie temperatures ( around 800 ° C ( 1,470 ° F ) ) .
Other types , such as alnico 5 and alnico 8 , are anisotropic , with each having a preferred direction of magnetization , or orientation .	Other types like alnico 5 and alnico 8 are anisotropic ( properties change when direction changes ) have a preferred direction ( one direction would be better than other directions ) for magnetisation .
As of 2008 , Alnico magnets cost about $ 44\/kg ( $ 20\/pound ) or $ 4.30 \ / BHmax .	In 2008 , the cost of Alnico magnets was about $ 44\/kg ( $ 20\/pound ) .
They also include copper , and sometimes titanium .	Alnico may also contain copper and sometimes titanium .
Of the more commonly available magnets , only rare-earth magnets such as neodymium and samarium-cobalt are stronger .	Rare-earth magnets like neodymium and samarium-cobalt are the only easily found magnets which are stronger than alnico magnets .
The main course of Azerbaijani cuisine are over 30 kinds of soups , including those prepared from plain yogurt .	The main courses of Azerbaijani cuisine are over 30 kinds of soups , including those prepared from plain yogurt .
Other second courses include a wide variety of kebabs and shashlik , including lamb , beef , chicken , and fish ( baliq ) kebabs .	Other second courses include many kinds of kebabs and shashliks , including lamb , beef , chicken , and fish ( baliq ) kebabs .
The Caspian Sea is home to many edible species of fish , including the sturgeon , Caspian salmon , kutum , sardines , gray mullet , and others .	The Caspian Sea has many edible species of fish , including the sturgeon , Caspian salmon , kutum , sardines , gray mullet , and others .
Fresh herbs , including mint , coriander , dill , basil , parsley , tarragon , leek , chive , thyme , marjoram , green onion , and watercress are very popular and often accompany main dishes .	Fresh herbs , including mint , coriander , dill , basil , parsley , tarragon , leek , chive , thyme , marjoram , green onion and watercress , are very popular and are often put in the main dishes .
Azerbaijani cuisine includes more than 40 different plov recipes .	The Azerbaijani cuisine has more than 40 different plov recipes .
Black tea is the national beverage , and is drunk after food is eaten .	Black tea is the national drink , and is drunk after food is eaten .
Sturgeon , a common fish , is normally skewered and grilled as a shashlik , being served with a tart pomegranate sauce called narsharab .	Sturgeon , a common fish , is normally skewered ( skewer is a thin metal or wood stick used to hold pieces of food together ) and grilled as a shashlik , being served with a tart pomegranate sauce called narsharab .
For the Azerbaijanis , food is an important part of the country 's culture and is deeply rooted in the history , traditions and values of the nation .	For the Azerbaijanis , food is an important part of the country 's culture and is very connected with the history , traditions and values of the nation .
Black caviar from the Caspian Sea is one of Azerbaijan 's best known delicacies well sought after in other parts of the world , including former Soviet countries .	Black caviar from the Caspian Sea is one of Azerbaijan 's best known delicacies wanted in many parts of the world .
The traditional condiments are salt , black pepper , sumac , and especially saffron , which is grown domestically on the Absheron Peninsula .	The traditional condiments are salt , the spices black pepper , sumac , and especially saffron .
The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates .	The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates for energy .
This is achieved by excluding high-carbohydrate foods such as starchy fruits and vegetables , bread , pasta , grains and sugar , while increasing the consumption of foods high in fat such as nuts , cream and butter .	High-carbohydrate foods are foods like fruits , bread , pasta , grains , cookies , and ice cream .
However , if there is very little carbohydrate in the diet , the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies .	Stored fat is broken into two parts , fatty acids , and ketone bodies .
Compared with the ketogenic diet , the modified Atkins diet ( MAD ) places no limit on calories or protein , and the lower overall ketogenic ratio ( approximately 1:1 ) does not need to be consistently maintained by all meals of the day .	A popular diet similar to the ketogenic diet is the Atkins Diet .
This classic ketogenic diet contains a 4:1 ratio by weight of fat to combined protein and carbohydrate .	The regular ketogenic diet has two to four times more fat by weight than protein , and very little carbohydrates every day .
As with most studies of the ketogenic diet , there was no control group ( patients who did not receive the treatment ) .	Ketogenic diets have not been studied as much as regular diets , so we do not have as much information about them at this point .
The ketogenic diet has been studied in at least 14 rodent animal models of seizures .	A ketogenic diet helps to stop seizures in children and can help people lose weight .
These ketone bodies enter the brain and substitute for glucose .	Ketone bodies power the brain instead of glucose .
A ship known as the Andrea Gail was lost , along with her six crew members , during the storm .	A ship known as the Andrea Gail was lost , along with its six crew members , during the storm .
The storm churned the ocean for several days ; a wave 101 ft ( 31 m ) in height was reported by an offshore buoy .	The storm churned the ocean for several days , and a wave 101 ft ( 31 m ) in height was reported by an offshore buoy .
Hurricane-force wind gusts were reported in New England .	Strong wind gusts were reported in New England .
The center passed approximately 50 mi ( 80 km ) south of Bermuda without significantly affecting the island .	The center of the hurricane passed 50 mi ( 80 km ) south of Bermuda without significantly affecting the island .
It moved north along the front and merged with the large cyclone to the north .	Grace moved north along the front and merged with the large storm to the north .
On October 29 , the hurricane warning was lowered to a tropical storm warning , which was amended to a gale warning shortly thereafter .	On October 29 , the hurricane warning was lowered to a tropical storm warning .
The origins of Grace go back to a mid-level area of low pressure that formed on October 23 to the south of Bermuda .	Grace 's beginnings go back to a mid-level ( which means it was in the middle of the atmosphere ) area of low pressure that formed on October 23 to the south of Bermuda .
Grace reached its peak intensity with winds of 85 knots ( 100 mph ; 160 km\/h ) and a minimum central barometric pressure of 980 mbar ( hPa ; 28.94 inHg ) , ranking as a Category 2 .	It reached its peak strength at winds of 100 mph ( 155 km\/h ) and a minimum central barometric pressure of 980 mbar ( hPa ; 28.94 inHg ) , making it a Category 2 , on October 29 .
In advance of Hurricane Grace , a tropical storm warning was issued for Bermuda on October 27 .	To prepare for the hurricane , a tropical storm warning was issued for Bermuda on October 27 .
The system was designated a subtropical storm on October 26 .	The system was called a subtropical storm on October 26 .
Despite minor beach erosion , no substantial property damage occurred , although Carolina Beach , North Carolina , lost about 1 ft ( 0.30 m ) of sand .	However , Carolina Beach , North Carolina lost about 1 ft ( 0.30 m ) of sand .
Hurricane Grace turned northeast later that day , as the rapidly approaching cold front undermined the storm 's lower-level center .	Hurricane Grace turned northeast later that day .
A yacht traveling from Bermuda to New York encountered strong winds and 25 ft ( 7.6 m ) seas well off the Virginia coast ; its nine occupants were rescued by Coast Guard helicopters .	A yacht , a type of boat , that was traveling from Bermuda to New York ran into strong winds and seas 25 ft ( 7.6 m ) high off the Virginia coast .
A developing extratropical storm to the north turned Grace eastward ; the hurricane was eventually absorbed into the large circulation of the larger low pressure system .	The hurricane was absorbed into the large circulation of the other low pressure system .
Because of its large size , Grace generated large swells along the East Coast of the United States ; combined with abnormally high tides , these waves reached at least 15 ft ( 4.6 m ) .	These waves reached at least 15 ft ( 4.6 m ) high .
Hurricane Grace was a short-lived Category 2 hurricane that contributed to the formation of the powerful 1991 Perfect Storm .	Hurricane Grace was a short-lived Category 2 hurricane that helped to create another cyclone known as the Perfect Storm .
Forming on October 26 , Grace initially had subtropical origins , meaning it was partially tropical and partially extratropical in nature .	This means it was partially tropical and partially extratropical .
Extensive coastal flooding occurred along the coast of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern U.S. , with effects as far north as Newfoundland and as far south as Jamaica .	Severe flooding occurred along the coast of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern U.S. and the storm 's effects were felt as far north as Newfoundland .
The system became overtaken by the front and subsequently lost its status as a tropical system .	It then lost its status as a tropical system .
The following day , about 10 hours before the storm 's closest approach to the island , the tropical storm warning was upgraded to a hurricane warning .	The next day , about 10 hours before the storm passed by the island , the tropical storm warning was made into a hurricane warning .
Grace continued to organize and intensify ; based on satellite intensity estimates and reconnaissance reports , the storm was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane , the lowest level on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale .	This is the lowest level on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale .
Precipitation peaked at 3.21 in ( 82 mm ) .	The rain reached 3.21 in ( 82 mm ) .
The hurricane tracked generally northwestward until October 28 , when an extratropical cyclone formed along an approaching cold front off the New England coast .	The hurricane moved towards the northwest until October 28 , when an extratropical cyclone formed along a cold front .
Thunderstorm activity persisted near the center , and on October 27 , the storm attained tropical storm status and was named Grace .	Because of this , on October 27 , the storm gained tropical storm status and was named `` Grace '' .
Reports from a nearby ship indicated that the low had become a surface feature by October 25 .	Reports from a ship said that it had become a low-level system by October 25 .
However , no significant damage was reported .	However , no deaths or bad damage were reported .
At around the same time , an eye feature associated with Hurricane Grace became apparent on satellite imagery , despite a lack of strong convective activity around the storm 's center .	At around the same time , an eye feature associated with Hurricane Grace began to show up on satellite pictures .
Grace accelerated as it continued eastward , and reached its peak intensity of Category 2 status on October 29 .	Grace sped up as it continued moving eastward .
It became a tropical cyclone on October 27 , and ultimately peaked with winds of 85 knots ( 100 mph ; 160 km\/h ) .	It became a full tropical cyclone on October 27 , and later reached winds of 100 mph ( 155 km\/h ) .
Scrabble is an American television game show that was based on the Scrabble board game .	It was based on the Scrabble board game .
Each letter placed was worth $ 25 , with blue squares adding $ 50 and pink squares $ 100 .	A blue square was worth $ 500 , while a pink square was worth $ 1,000 .
The contestant would then choose one of the two letters and would try to have it placed in the word .	The player would then choose a letter to place in the word .
If correct , then , the player wins the word .	If a correct guess was made , the player won the word .
The winner of the first Crossword round won $ 500 , and played four words of six , seven , eight , and nine letters to try to set a time for the winner of the second Crossword round between two other players .	The four words were six , seven , eight , and nine letters long .
Each Crossword round began with a word building on a letter revealed on the center square of a computer-generated Scrabble board , and depending on how many letters were in the word , a rack of numbered `` tiles '' were used corresponding to the letters .	At the start , a computer image of the Scrabble board was shown .
The clock would start counting up when Woolery said `` go '' and each word started with two letters for the contestant to choose .	When the host said to start , the clock started counting up .
The player in control was given a chance to guess the word immediately , but if he\/she could not , that player took two tiles from the rack and placed them in a slot on their desk ; this displayed two letters from which they could choose to put in the word .	If the player could not guess the word after placing the tile , they took two more tiles .
If the second Crossword winner managed to guess all four words within the limit , he\/she won the $ 1,000 .	If the second player got all four words within this time , the player won .
As noted above , each episode now featured four players and the champion played the first Crossword game .	The winner of the first game played first .
The first player to correctly guess three words won whatever money was in the pot and moved on to the Scrabble Sprint .	The winner of the Scrabble Sprint moved on to the Bonus Sprint .
Speedword was also used if time was running short in a round or as the fifth and deciding word of the round if both players had each gotten two words .	If all three stoppers were chosen , there was a 2-2 tie , or time was running short , Speedword was played .
The International Temperature Scale of 1990 ( ITS-90 ) is an equipment calibration standard for making measurements on the Kelvin and Celsius temperature scales .	The ITS 90 is the international temperature scale , published in the year 1990 .
The crash signaled the beginning of the 10-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries .	The crash signalled the beginning of the 10-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries .
A significant number of them were borrowing money to buy more stocks .	Many were borrowing money to buy more stocks .
Such figures set up a crescendo of stock-exchange speculation which had led hundreds of thousands of Americans to invest heavily in the stock market .	Stock-exchange speculation led hundreds of thousands of Americans to invest heavily in the stock market .
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 , also known as Black Tuesday or the Stock Market Crash of 1929 , began in late October 1929 and was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States , when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its fallout .	The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was the greatest stock market crash in the history of the United States .
Over $ 8.5 billion was out on loan , more than the entire amount of currency circulating in the U.S. at the time .	The amount of money out on loan was more than the entire amount of currency circulating in the U.S. at the time .
By August 1929 , brokers were routinely lending small investors more than two-thirds of the face value of the stocks they were buying .	By August 1929 , brokers had lent small investors more than two-thirds of the face value of the stocks they were buying on margin - more than $ 8.5 bn was out on loan '' .
The American mobilization for World War II at the end of 1941 moved approximately ten million people out of the civilian labor force and into the war .	It did not end in the United States until the start of American mobilization for World War II at the end of 1941 .
For organic materials , such as charge transfer salts , the methods operate near room temperature and are often similar to the techniques of organic synthesis .	For organic materials , such as charge transfer salts , the methods operate near room temperature and are often similar to the methods of organic synthesis .
Because of this , he has sometimes been referred to as the father of solid state chemistry .	Because of this , he has sometimes been referred to as the `` father of solid state chemistry '' .
The sealed ampoule is then put in an oven and given a certain heat treatment .	The sealed ampoule is then put in an oven and given a specified heat treatment .
Such a method can be used to obtain the product in the form of single crystals suitable for structure determination by X-ray diffraction .	This method can be used to obtain the product in the form of single crystals suitable for structure determination by X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) .
A variation on this theme is the use of flux methods , where a salt of relatively low melting point is added to the mixture to act as a high temperature solvent in which the desired reaction can take place .	Flux methods add a salt of relatively low melting point to the mixture to act as a high temperature solvent in which the desired reaction can take place .
It is possible to use solvents to prepare solids by precipitation or by evaporation .	Solvents can be used to prepare solids by precipitation or by evaporation .
Chemical vapor deposition is a high temperature method that is widely employed for the preparation of coatings and semiconductors from molecular precursors .	Chemical vapor deposition is also a widely used high temperature method for the preparation of coatings and semiconductors from molecular precursors .
Applications discovered in the 20th century include zeolite and platinum-based catalysts for petroleum processing in the 1950s , high-purity silicon as a core component of microelectronic devices in the 1960s , and `` high temperature '' superconductivity in the 1980s .	There were many important discoveries in the 20th century : zeolite and platinum-based catalysts for petroleum processing in the 1950s , high-purity silicon as a core component of microelectronic devices in the 1960s , and `` high temperature '' superconductivity in the 1980s .

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