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Spectroscopic notation is based on symmetry considerations .	Spectroscopic notation is based on facts taken from molecular symmetry .
Molecular symmetry is a fundamental concept in chemistry , as it can predict or explain many of a molecule 's chemical properties , such as its dipole moment and its allowed spectroscopic transitions ( based on selection rules such as the Laporte rule ) .	It can also explain a molecule 's allowed spectroscopic transitions ( based on selection rules such as the Laporte rule ) .
Molecular symmetry in chemistry describes the symmetry present in molecules and the classification of molecules according to their symmetry .	In chemistry , molecular symmetry is the symmetry of molecules .
Many university level textbooks on physical chemistry , quantum chemistry , and inorganic chemistry devote a chapter to symmetry .	Nearaly all university level textbooks on physical chemistry , quantum chemistry , and inorganic chemistry have a chapter on molecular symmetry .
So ( S , \* ) is a group where S is the set of all symmetry operations of some molecule , and \* denotes the composition ( repeated application ) of symmetry operations .	A set of symmetry operations form a group when : The order of a group is the number of symmetry operations for that group .
( 1 ) The point group for the water molecule is C2v , consisting of the symmetry operations E , C2 , σv and σv ' .	For example , the point group for the water molecule is C2v , with symmetry operations E , C2 , σv and σv ' .
Many techniques for the practical assessment of molecular symmetry exist , including X-ray crystallography and various forms of spectroscopy , for example infrared spectroscopy of metal carbonyls .	Scientists can find molecular symmetry by using X-ray crystallography and other forms of spectroscopy .
There are two primary reasons to use session keys : Like all cryptographic keys , session keys must be chosen so that they can not be predicted by an attacker , usually requiring them to be chosen randomly .	There are two primary reasons for using session keys : Like all cryptographic keys , session keys must be chosen so that they are unpredictable by an attacker .
A closely related term is content encryption key ( CEK ) , traffic encryption key ( TEK ) , or multicast key which refers to any key used to encrypt messages , as opposed to other uses , like encrypting other keys ( key encryption key ( KEK ) or key wrapping key ) .	A closely related term is traffic encryption key or TEK , which refers to any symmetric key that is used to encrypt traffic messages .
They had four daughters : Rosanne , Kathy , Cindy and Tara .	They had four daughters called Rosanne , Kathy , Cindy and Tara .
John R. `` Johnny '' Cash ( February 26 , 1932 - September 12 , 2003 ) was a singer-songwriter , actor , and author , widely considered one of the most influential American musicians of the 20th century .	Johnny Cash ( born John R. Cash , February 26 , 1932 - September 12 , 2003 ) was a Grammy Award-winning American musician , actor and author .
Cash 's early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio .	Cash 's first memories had a lot of gospel music in .
He traditionally began his concerts with the simple `` Hello , I 'm Johnny Cash . ''	He was well known for the free concerts he held for prisoners and by starting most of his concerts with the words `` Hello , I 'm Johnny Cash '' .
His best-known songs included `` I Walk the Line '' , `` Folsom Prison Blues '' , `` Ring of Fire '' , `` Get Rhythm '' and `` Man in Black '' .	Some of his best known songs are I Walk the Line , Folsom Prison Blues , Ring of Fire , God 's Gon na Cut You Down , A Boy Named Sue , Hurt , Mister Garfield , and Man in Black .
He started working in cotton fields at age five , singing along with his family while working .	He started working in fields when he was five years old , singing with his family .
He was named J. R. Cash because his parents could not think of a name .	His parents called him `` J.R. Cash '' because they could n't think of a name .
This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of multiple induction in the Country Music , Rock and Roll , and Gospel Music Halls of Fame .	Because of this , he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame , the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , and the Gospel Music Hall of Fame .
The presence of water can greatly alter the characteristics of a volcanic eruption and the explosions made by these .	The presence of water alters the characteristics of a volcanic eruption .
Championship bouts are scheduled on every card , with the lower-tier titles featured on the undercard and the top-tier featured on the main card .	Championship bouts were scheduled on every card , with the lower level title matches on the undercard and the top level featured on the main card .
In 2013 , Over the Limit was scheduled for the October PPV slot but was replaced by WWE Battleground .	It was replaced by WWE Battleground in 2013 .
Partridges are birds in the pheasant family , Phasianidae .	They are in the Pheasant family ( Phasianidae ) .
Partridges are native to Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Middle East .	Partridges live in Europe , Asia , Africa and the Middle East .
As such , `` A partridge in a pear tree '' is sung as the last line of each verse .	The line '' ... and a Partridge in a pear tree '' is sung .
Partridges appear as part of the first gift listed in the Christmas carol , `` The 12 Days of Christmas '' .	Partridges are in the song `` The Twelve Days of Christmas '' .
This group includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths ( or tigers ) , which usually have bright colors , footmen ( which are usually much drabber ) , lichen moths , and wasp moths .	Tiger moths usually have bright colors , footmen ( which are usually much drabber ) , lichen moths and wasp moths .
The Arctiidae are a large and diverse ( sub ) family of moths , with around 11,000 species found all over the world , including 6,000 neotropical species .	Arctiidae is a large family of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world .
Other legislation , including the Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882 , eliminated most instances of civil parishes belonging to two ( or more ) counties , and by 1901 Stanground in Huntingdonshire and the Isle of Ely was the sole remaining example .	Other laws , including the Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882 , eliminated most instances of civil parishes belonging to two ( or more ) counties , and by 1901 Stanground in Huntingdonshire and the Isle of Ely was the sole remaining example .
If a vacancy arises for a seat mid-term , an election is only held if a certain number ( usually 10 ) of parish residents request an election .	When a vacancy arises for a seat mid-term , an election is only held if a certain number ( usually 10 ) of parish residents request an election .
No parish councils were formed for urban parishes , and their only function was as areas electing guardians to the often cross-district Poor Law Unions .	No parish councils were formed for urban parishes , and their only function was as areas electing guardians to Poor Law Unions .
With the abolition of the poor law system in 1930 such urban parishes had only a nominal existence .	With the abolition of the poor law system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence .
The Local Government and Rating Act 1997 created a procedure which gave local residents the right to demand that a new parish and council be created in unparished areas .	The Local Government and Rating Act 1997 gave local residents the right to demand that a new parish and council be created in unparished areas .
Smaller parish councils have only limited resources and generally play only a minor role , while some larger parish councils have a role similar to that of a small district council .	Smaller parish councils have only limited resources and generally play only a minor role , while some larger parish councils have a role similar to that of a small non-metropolitan district .
If a sufficient number of electors in an area of a proposed new parish ( ranging from 50 % in an area with less than 500 electors to 10 % in one with more than 2,500 ) sign a petition demanding its creation , then the local district council or unitary authority must consider the proposal .	If enough electors in an area of a proposed new parish ( ranging from 50 % in an area with less than 500 electors to 10 % in one with more than 2,500 ) sign a petition demanding its creation , then the local district council or unitary authority must consider the proposal .
Initially the manor was the principal unit of local administration and justice in the early rural economy .	At first the manor was the main unit of local administration and justice in the early rural economy .
Most rural parish councillors are elected to represent the entire parish , though in parishes with larger populations or those that cover large areas , the parish can be divided into wards .	Most parish councillors are elected to represent the entire parish , though in parishes with larger populations or those that cover large areas , the parish can be divided into wards .
In 1974 the Local Government Act 1972 retained civil parishes in rural areas and low-population urban districts , but abolished them in larger urban districts , especially boroughs .	In 1974 the Local Government Act 1972 retained civil parishes in rural areas and small urban areas , but abolished them in larger urban areas .
These were grouped into their rural districts .	These were grouped into rural districts .
Ancient parishes often had detached parts , exclaves and enclaves which were not contiguous with the rest of the parish .	Ancient parishes often had detached parts , exclaves and enclaves which were not joined to the rest of the parish .
The Poor Law Amendment Act 1866 declared all areas that levied a separate rate - including extra-parochial areas , townships , and chapelries - ` civil parishes ' .	The Poor Law Amendment Act 1866 declared that all areas that levied a separate rate - extra-parochial areas , townships , and chapelries - become civil parishes as well .
The church rate ceased to be levied in many parishes and was abolished altogether in 1868 .	The church rate ceased to be levied in many areas and was abolished altogether in 1868 .
Some councils have chosen to pay their elected members an allowance as permitted under Part 5 of the Local Government Act 2000 The Local Authorities ( Members ' Allowances ) ( England ) Regulations 2003 .	Some councils have chosen to pay their elected members a small allowance as permitted under Part 5 of the Local Government Act 2000 The Local Authorities ( Members ' Allowances ) ( England ) Regulations 2003 .
The parish authorities were known as vestries and consisted of all the adult inhabitants of the parish .	The parish authorities were known as vestries and were made up of all the inhabitants of the parish .
A parish can gain city status but only if that is granted by the Crown .	A parish can have city status but only if that is granted by the Crown .
The Act abolished vestries , set up Urban Districts and Rural Districts and established elected civil parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors .	The Act abolished vestries , and established elected parish councils in all rural civil parishes with more than 300 electors .
The administration of the parish system relied on the monopoly of the established English Church which after Henry VIII alternated between the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England before settling on the latter on the accession of Elizabeth I . As religious membership became more fractured , such as through the revival of Methodism , the legitimacy of the parish vestry came into question and the perceived inefficiency and corruption inherent in the system became a source for concern .	As religious membership became more fractured , such as through the revival of Methodism , the legitimacy of the parish vestry came into question and the perceived inefficiency and corruption inherent in the system became a source for concern .
As the population was growing it became increasingly difficult to convene meetings as an open vestry .	As the population was growing it became increasingly difficult to hold meetings as an open vestry .
The Act however permitted sub-division of all districts ( apart from London boroughs , reformed in 1965 ) , into civil parishes .	The Act also led to the possibility of sub-division of all districts ( apart from London boroughs , reformed in 1965 ) , into multiple civil parishes .
It is an administrative parish , in contrast to an ecclesiastical parish .	It is an administrative parish , in comparison to an ecclesiastical ( church ) parish .
Following the dissolution of the monasteries , the power to levy a rate to fund relief of the poor was conferred on the parish authorities by the 1601 Act for the Relief of the Poor and before and after this optional social change local ( vestry-administered ) charities are well-documented .	After the dissolution of the monasteries , the power to charge ( levy ) a rate to fund relief of the poor was given to the parish authorities by the 1601 Act for the Relief of the Poor .
In non-metropolitan counties urban districts and municipal boroughs abolished rather than succeeded in many cases were part-retained , as new successor parishes .	Many former urban districts and municipal boroughs that were being abolished rather than succeeded were continued as new parishes .
Large towns earlier split between civil parishes were , for the most part , eventually consolidated into one parish .	Large towns originally split between multiple parishes were , for the most part , eventually joined into one parish .
Before 2008 their creation was not permitted within a London borough .	There are currently no civil parishes in Greater London , and before 2008 their creation was not permitted within a London Borough .
The ancient parishes diverged into two distinct units during the 19th century .	The ancient parishes split into two distinct units during the 19th century .
The remaining detached parts of counties were transferred in the 1890s and in 1931 .	The remaining detached parishes were transferred in the 1890s and in 1931 .
Parish councils comprise unpaid councillors who are elected to serve for four years .	Parish councils are run by volunteer councillors who are elected to serve for four years and are not paid .
Approximately 35 % of the English population live in a civil parish .	Civil parishes only cover part of England ; about 35 % of the population .
The division into ancient parishes was linked to the manorial system , with parishes and manors often sharing the same boundaries .	The creation of ancient parishes was linked to the manorial system .
In England , a civil parish is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties , or their combined form , the unitary authority .	Civil parishes are the lowest tier of local government , below districts and counties .
These anomalies were mostly addressed in the 19th century .	These anomalies were mostly fixed in the 19th century .
Urban civil parishes continued to exist however were generally coterminous with the urban district or municipal borough in which they lay which took over almost all of their functions .	Urban parishes continued to exist , and boundaries were usually changed to be the same as the urban district or municipal borough in which they were situated .
In a limited number of cases a parish might include a whole city where city status has been granted by the Monarch .	The parish council can decide to call itself a town , village , neighborhood or community ; and in a limited number of cases has city status granted by the monarch .
Kate helped her mother bring up the family , which included three more children by Ellen 's second husband George King .	Kate helped her mother bring up the family , which included three more children by Ellen 's second husband , George King .
Following her death , her three surviving children , Frederick Arthur , Gertrude Eileen Ada , and Ethel Maude , were taken to live with Ellen Kelly at Eleven Mile Creek .	After her death , her three children , Frederick Arthur , Gertrude Eileen Ada , and Ethel Maude , went to live with Ellen Kelly at Eleven Mile Creek .
She was buried in Forbes Cemetery , aged 36 .	She was buried in the Forbes Cemetery , aged 36 .
Ned , Dan , Joe Byrne and Steve Hart now turned to bank robbery .	Ned , Dan , Joe Byrne and Steve Hart were made outlaws , and turned to bank robbery .
On 25 November 1888 she married William Henry Foster , a respected blacksmith , and settled down in the town of Forbes .	On 25 November 1888 , she married William Henry Foster , a blacksmith , and lived in the town of Forbes .
Three of the officers were killed .	Three of the policemen were killed .
She eventually ceased performing due to ill health .	She stopped performing due to ill health .
Frederick Arthur became a beekeeper in the town on Myrrhee and died in World War I. Gertrude married Arthur Cavanagh , a building contractor .	Frederick Arthur became a beekeeper in the town of Myrrhee and died in World War I. Gertrude married Arthur Cavanagh , a builder .
She supplied the Kelly Gang with food , ammunition , and information .	She supplied the Kelly Gang with food , ammunition , and news about the police hunt .
On the 25 October 1878 , at Stringybark Creek , they encountered four police officers who had been sent to arrest them .	On the 25 October 1878 , at Stringybark Creek , they met four policemen who had been sent to arrest them .
She worked as a domestic servant in Wangaratta , and a housemaid in Lanceby , followed by a series of domestic service jobs around the area .	She worked as a servant in Wangaratta , and a maid in Lanceby .
Kate Kelly ( aka Catherine Ada Kelly ) ( 12 July 1863 - October 1898 ) was the sister of famous Australian outlaw Ned Kelly .	Catherine Ada Kelly ( 12 July 1863 - October 1898 ) , known as Kate Kelly , was a younger sister of Australian bushranger Ned Kelly .
On 6 October 1898 Kate was reported missing .	On 6 October 1898 , Kate was reported missing .
They settled in Wangaratta and looked after Ellen Kelly in her dotage .	They lived in Wangaratta and looked after Ellen Kelly in her old age .
The Kellys had already had a long history of trouble with the police when the Fitzpatrick incident occurred .	The Kellys had already had a long history of trouble with the police .
She was spotted performing as `` Ada '' in a Sydney `` Wild West Show '' run by Lance Skuthorpe , and then in Adelaide under the names Ada Hennessey and Kate Ambrose .	She was seen performing as `` Ada '' in a Sydney `` Wild West Show '' , and then in Adelaide under the names Ada Hennessey and Kate Ambrose .
The folk song `` Ye Sons of Australia '' includes a passage about Kate 's role in the Kelly Gang ; The daring Kate Kelly how noble her mien As she sat on her horse like an Amazon queen , She rode through the forest revolver at hand ' Regardless of danger , who dare bid her stand .	The folk song , `` Ye Sons of Australia '' has a part about Kate helping the Kelly Gang ; The daring Kate Kelly how noble her mien ( The brave Kate Kelly who looked like a queen ) As she sat on her horse like an Amazon queen , She rode through the forest revolver at hand ' Regardless of danger , who dare bid her stand .
With their mother in prison and their brothers on the run , Kate Kelly and her sister Margaret looked after the younger children .	With their mother in prison , and their brothers being hunted by the police , Kate Kelly and her sister Margaret looked after the younger children .
One year later , the family moved once again , to a two-room hut on their own land at nearby Eleven Mile Creek .	One year later , the family moved again , to a two-room hut on their own land at Eleven Mile Creek .
Kate Kelly is mentioned again later in the song , taking a role in the siege at Glenrowan ; The daring Kate Kelly came forth from the crowd And on her poor brother she called out aloud , `` Come forth my dear brother , and fight while you can '' But a ball had just taken the life of poor Dan Following Ned 's arrest , Kate would often attempt to visit him in prison , as well as raising money for legal fees .	( She did not care about danger , who would try and stop her ) The song places Kate Kelly at the siege at Glenrowan ; The daring Kate Kelly came forth from the crowd ( The brave Kate Kelly came out of the crowd ) And on her poor brother she called out aloud , ( And to her poor brother she called out loudly ) `` Come forth my dear brother , and fight while you can '' But a ball had just taken the life of poor Dan ( But a bullet had just killed poor Dan ) Historians now think that many of the actions thought to have been carried out by Kate , was really gang member Steve Hart in a dress .
Fitzpatrick returned to Benalla Police Station claiming that Ellen Kelly had struck him with a fire shovel , Dan Kelly had beaten him , and Ned Kelly had attempted to shoot him .	Fitzpatrick went back to Benalla Police Station and said that Ellen Kelly had hit him on the head with shovel .
Kate Kelly was born in Beveridge , Victoria , Australia , on 12 July 1863 to parents John and Ellen Kelly ( née Quinn ) , their seventh child .	Kate Kelly was born in Beveridge , Victoria , Australia , in a house built by her parents , John `` Red '' Kelly and Ellen Quinn .
Despite Kate pleading on her knees in front of the Governor , His Excellency the Marquis of Normanby , Ned was hanged on 11 November 1880 .	Kate begged on her knees in front of the Governor , His Excellency the Marquis of Normanby , to save her brother 's life .
The couple had six children , though three died in infancy .	They had six children , though three died when they were still babies .
She worked briefly as a barmaid at Hill Scott 's Hotel in southern Adelaide , before her waning health forced her to return home .	She worked for a short time at Hill Scott 's Hotel in Adelaide , before her poor health forced her to return home to Greta .
William Williamson and William Skillion , neighbors of the Kellys , were also accused of violence .	William Skillion , Kate 's brother-in-law , and William Williamson a neighbor of the Kellys , were also said to have hurt him .
It was further stated that it was the very revolver with which Constable Alexander Fitzpatrick had entered the Kelly house on the night of 15 April 1878 , and which was wrestled off him by Kate 's brother , Ned .	Alexander Fitzpatrick , a young policeman , went to the house on 15 April 1878 .
Some of the stained glass in York Minster dates back to the 12th century .	Some of the stained glass in York Minster dates back to the twelfth century .
Much of the glass was removed before and pieced back together after the First and Second World Wars , and the windows are constantly being cleaned and conserved to keep their beauty intact .	Much of the glass was removed before and pieced back together after the First and Second World Wars , and the windows are constantly being cleaned and restored to keep their beauty intact .
Approximately two million individual pieces of glass make up the cathedral 's 128 stained glass windows .	About 2 million individual pieces of glass make up the cathedral 's 128 stained glass windows .
In the north transept is the Five Sisters Window , each lancet being over 52 feet ( 16 m ) high .	In the north transept is the Five Sisters Window , each narrow window being over 16 metres ( 52 ft ) high .
The minster has a very wide Decorated Gothic nave and chapter house , a Perpendicular Gothic Quire and east end and Early English north and south transepts .	The Minster has a wide , Decorated Gothic nave ( where the congregation sits ) and Chapter house .
The title `` minster '' is attributed to churches established in the Anglo-Saxon period as missionary teaching churches , and serves now as an honorific title .	The title Minster is given to churches which in the Anglo-Saxon period were missionary teaching churches .
The nave contains the West Window , constructed in 1338 , and over the Lady Chapel in the east end is the Great East Window , ( finished in 1408 ) , the largest expanse of medieval stained glass in the world .	Over the Lady Chapel in the east end is the Great East Window ( finished in 1408 ) , one of the largest areas of mediaeval stained glass in the world .
The south transept contains a famous rose window , while the West Window contains a famous heart-shaped design , colloquially known as ` The Heart of Yorkshire ' .	The south transept contains the famous Rose window .
The minster is the seat of the Archbishop of York , the second-highest office of the Church of England , and is the cathedral for the Diocese of York .	It is the ` seat ' of the Archbishop of York , the second-ranked religious official of the Church of England .
The south-west tower holds 14 bells ( tenor 59 cwt or 3 tons ) hung and rung for change ringing and 22 carillon bells ( tenor 23 cwt or 1.2 tons ) which are played from a baton keyboard in the ringing chamber ( all together 35 bells . )	The carillon bells are played on a baton keyboard in the ringing chamber .
The two west towers of the minster hold bells , clock chimes and a concert carillon .	A total of seven clock bells , 14 change ringing bells and 22 carillon bells are lodged in the towers .
These counties are traditionally grouped into 4 provinces - Leinster ( 12 ) , Munster ( 6 ) Connacht ( 5 ) and Ulster ( 9 ) .	The counties were in 4 provinces - Leinster ( 12 counties ) , Munster ( 6 ) Connacht ( 5 ) and Ulster ( 9 ) .

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