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... shiraz or designed in shiraz. and carpets are kind of branded that way, even now by families-
N
5
4.6
5
1082
Female
... who produce these carpets. and qom became an interesting site for multiple reasons because it's a religious city, because it's an important city-
H
4.4
5
4.4
1082
Female
... now, and it has national, but international significance, things that happen there have national/international significance, but-
N
3.8
4
4.4
1082
Female
... because it was a brand new industry, because there was no history of it, they were able-
X
4.6
4
5
1082
Female
... in terms of really anywhere else in iran. and because this was a brand new industry-
C
4.6
4.8
4.6
1082
Female
... their private lives that even my family did not know about. so, it took a long time-
N
3.8
3.2
4.8
1082
Female
... to gain trust, but i was able to do it in a way that i thought, well, it was already afforded to me because of my family, but in fact-
X
4.6
4.6
5.6
1082
Female
... because of my family, sometimes it was-
S
3.2
3.4
4.4
1082
Female
... [inaudible 00:07:51] and it would allow me to look through, i was interested in what they were reading, for example-
N
4.818182
5.181818
5
1082
Female
... any sort of documents they would have in their houses. they were-
N
3.4
4.2
3.8
1082
Female
... open to everything. and so i got to have a glimpse into their lives. and-
N
4.2
4.2
4.6
1082
Female
... i was not as much surprised-
N
4.2
4.4
4
1082
Female
... but i knew from a few family friends that women very much involved-
S
4.4
3.8
5.2
1082
Female
... if, because it's-
U
5
4
4.8
1081
Female
... for the iranian carpet merchants who believe that-
X
4.6
4.6
4.8
1082
Female
... carpet's originated in iran, especially the modern-
N
2.6
4.6
3.2
1082
Female
... carpet industry. so, they're constantly battling global competition. and in order to have these copyright laws-
D
4.8
4.4
4.2
1082
Female
... had tense moments with many folks in the world. and so at the same time even friends, as well as foes-
X
5.2
3.8
4.8
1082
Female
but, the tension lies where the merchants want to have an independence in terms of the carpet industry.
C
4.6
4.6
5
1082
Female
now, if they were to give power to the state,
X
4.2
4.4
4.6
1082
Female
the state might be able to control the copyright issues. but again, copyright-
N
4.166667
4
4.166667
1082
Female
so, rug merchants know that when they commission a designer to come up with a design-
H
5.4
4.2
5
1082
Female
... sort of luxury boutique type carpets. so, these are carpets-
N
4.2
4.6
3.8
1082
Female
... that they know will only last for such a short time. so-
U
4.2
4.6
4.8
1082
Female
... but it takes maybe about a year for it to be woven. and it takes about six months before-
N
3.8
4.2
4
1082
Female
and so by the time the carpet hits the-
N
5
4.4
4.4
1082
Female
... market, they know that now they have to work on a new design. so, the-
U
5.2
4.6
5
1082
Female
... china, so it is incredibly difficult to be able to tell, except if you have the expertise and that's the other element in my book that comes out as the way that-
N
4.2
4.8
4.8
1082
Female
these carpet merchants become experts.
H
5.2
4.8
5.4
1082
Female
anywhere you see carpets that are called persian design, those often-
H
4.4
4.4
4.4
1082
Female
... often mean that they were probably not made in iran. and-
X
4.2
4
4.4
1082
Female
... so, again, the designs are copied from probably modern or classic-
N
4.7
5.1
4.9
1082
Female
... version carpet designs, but the fact that they weren't made in iran, does that make it less or more of a value?
N
4.2
4.2
4.4
1082
Female
welcome to the mcmillan report. i'm marilyn wilkes, your host-
H
4
5.6
4.4
880
Female
... on child development. focusing particularly on-
N
4.888889
4.666667
4.333333
1081
Female
the goal of this paper really is to bring the evidence on-
X
2.2
5
3.6
1086
Female
... that context. so we can inform national level policies to improve these conditions, improve this-
N
3.8
4
5
1086
Female
at unicef, we had a study team that came together to very critically examine-
U
4.4
4.2
4.6
1086
Female
... with a very nuanced and detailed understanding of that, which we know is one of the most important influences on a growing child.
N
4.2
3.8
4.2
1086
Female
not sure if you know, marilyn, it's the most-
N
3.4
3.8
3.8
1086
Female
... but it's not used that frequently to really mobilize policy.
N
3.8
3.4
3.8
1086
Female
it's not used that frequently to move issues forward. so we wanted to take the data and use a rights-based lens to try and speak with countries, to see how-
N
4
4.6
4.6
1086
Female
... they could improve conditions for children.okay.
X
3.8
4.2
3.8
1086
Female
i have to ask, why do you think the united states has signed to this?
X
4.4
3
4.8
1081
Female
... astounded by this fact, there are multiple reasons,okay.there are multiple reasons why the united states has not signed it.
N
4.8
4.2
4.8
1086
Female
the one that's probably the clearest to explain is the fact that the us constitution is supreme, and our constitution-
N
3.6
4.4
4.2
1086
Female
... doesn't allow other international laws to super impose its articles that-
U
4.4
3.6
4.2
1086
Female
... the united states has chosen not to be a signatory on the convention.
C
3.2
3.4
3.6
1086
Female
i know you used a particular survey that is very-
N
4.2
4.6
4
1081
Female
important and innovative and unique. so let's talk about that a little bit.yeah-
U
4
4.4
5.2
1081
Female
it's very interesting. so-
U
4
4.8
5.4
1086
Female
... let me before telling you about the methodology, give you another startling fact.okay.90%-
H
5.6
4.4
5
1086
Female
of the world's children live in the majority world, or the developing world.
X
3.6
3.6
3.6
1086
Female
it's 10% that live in the western world.
N
4.2
4.6
4
1086
Female
... percent of the literature or the information-
N
4.4
4
3.6
1086
Female
... nutrition. what's going on when mothers are talking-
S
3.4
3.4
3
1086
Female
... to children? we have to have cogent evidence around this.
U
5
4.2
4.6
1086
Female
... so the survey is really what we used. it's one of the largest-
N
3.8
4.6
4
1086
Female
... children declaration, and it's sponsored by unicef.
N
3.6
4.4
3.2
1086
Female
it's implemented around the world. and the beauty of this is in the most recent, so it's been going through multiple waves-
N
4
4
3.8
1086
Female
... but the most recent wave was conducted in 2005.
N
3.2
4.6
3
1086
Female
they included a lot of questions about this immediate and most influential context for children under five. we-
N
3.2
3.4
3.2
1086
Female
... and i think the very unique aspect of our paper was to take the principles of children's rights to survive-
X
4.6
4.6
5
1086
Female
and take that lens and look at the data and say-
O
4.4
4.6
4.2
1086
Female
it's a very, very complicated-
N
3.2
3.6
3.8
1086
Female
... but fairly representative, households are sampled in a country.
X
3.6
3.8
4
1086
Female
there are multiple modules that look at health, nutrition-
N
3.4
4.6
4.4
1086
Female
... education, economic status, and countries can elect which modules or questions they-
N
3.8
4.6
4.4
1086
Female
our study was one, one micro sample of-
N
4.2
4
4.6
1086
Female
... and just broad statistics of gdps and-
N
3.2
4
3.8
1086
Female
the findings were, so we had a sample of 28 countries that we looked at in this study, and we had them-
N
3.4
4.2
4
1086
Female
... for the ease of categorization-
X
3.8
4.2
3.8
1086
Female
... we looked at high human development index, human development- [crosstalk 00:04:27].
N
3.8
4
3.8
1086
Female
only one fourth of the mothers said they had breastfed the children the previous day.
S
3
2.6
3.4
1086
Female
... in a caveat here, is that the-
N
3.2
3.8
3.2
1086
Female
... the means or the average belies the huge distribution.
U
4.2
3.8
4
1086
Female
so in some ways you can't just peg it to the mean, but that being said, the uppermost range of many-
X
5.2
4.4
5
1086
Female
... of the responses we got were still lower than what should be in place for optimal- [crosstalk 00:04:58]
C
3.4
3.2
3.2
1086
Female
... need, what we know is a nurturing and a stimulating environment. so-
U
4.2
5
5.2
1086
Female
... we know that if we're not upholding the-
N
3
3.8
3.2
1086
Female
... we should be doing, and that was very helpful information, that we got very hard information. we- [crosstalk 00:05:13]
N
3.8
4.2
4.2
1086
Female
... and we took the data and we started looking at implications are fit for, how could you, let's say enhanced breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding practices? what-
U
4.6
5
5
1086
Female
yeah, i was very fortunate to work in laos. it's a beautiful country. it's just-
H
4.6
5.6
4.6
1086
Female
just beautiful. it's southeast asia.
X
2.8
4.2
3
1086
Female
it's unfortunately, though, a landlocked country, it ranks very low in economic development-
N
2.4
2.6
3
1086
Female
... disturbing statistics with respect to children, infant mortality, access to healthcare, access to education.
N
3.2
3.4
3.8
1086
Female
and part of the university was really to work as an evidence-based partner in this process.
N
4.6
4
4.2
1086
Female
... led the process. it was a national-
N
3.6
4.2
4
1086
Female
... programs for children. it was very much in response to, what are the national needs and priorities for young children? and the goal was to build a sustainable policy. and this is a huge-
U
4.4
3.6
4
1086
Female
... the people. you often hear this rhetoric, "oh, they have great policies, but-"
N
3.2
4.4
4
1086
Female
... but in implementation, it falls apart. it falls apart because-
N
3.6
3.6
3
1086
Female
there isn't capacity sustainability, there isn't-
X
2.6
4
2.4
1086
Female
... we bring to this process is, how do you build that sustainability on the different pieces of evidence?
N
3.6
4.6
4.2
1086
Female
... have to be interacting with patients. you have to be-
X
3.8
4.4
3.8
1086
Female
... interacting with policy makers, you've got to understand how ideology-
F
4.6
3.8
4.8
1086
Female
... when you are trying to get something strong on the table, to move forward an agenda. so i often take a-
X
3.2
4.4
3
1086
Female
i've been very fortunate, the university's been very supportive.
H
2.4
4.6
3
880
Female
of this and helped fund the students travel.
N
3.2
4.6
3.4
880
Female
and they get to participate in these policy deliberations, interact-
X
3.2
4.4
3.2
880
Female
and learn the process. learn how do you engage in an evidence-based conversation.
X
3.2
3.8
3.2
880
Female