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but that's not necessarily the case in other places. that bundle of rights may be-
U
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Female
does it vary from place to place on how land ownership is-
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Female
[crosstalk 00:07:06] systems occur at the same time within one country?okay.
N
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Female
are there any trends with the changing taking place in acquisition and tenure?
X
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[crosstalk 00:07:18] three all are the ones who are likely to lose access.
F
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Female
the farm land is controlled by big corporations, so there's very few -
X
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4
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Female
... dry hung in this, but it seems like it's mostly small farmers. is that the case or are there-
N
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Female
... very...? you had mentioned there are outside companies coming in and buying up land. so how-
S
5
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Female
... is that changing? are there still a lot of single-households farmers, or are corporations taking more and more of the land?
S
3.8
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Female
both countries have some kind of large plantation agriculture and that's growing.
F
3.2
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Female
but it's still the case that the majority of farmers are small-holder farmers.and [crosstalk 00:08:02]-
N
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Female
... something particularly surprised you?i think-
N
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Female
... we were surprised in uganda. and so we do-
X
4
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Female
... have to go and do a lot of qualitative work.
N
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Female
and over and over, we heard statements like, "how can women own property?'
X
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3.3
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Female
who were implying that women were property-
X
3.8
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Female
... and so how could they be owners of property? and so given that we had heard that, and that that's part of the rhetoric about land and property in uganda-
X
4.4
4.2
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Female
... we were surprised that in over 50%-
U
3.4
4
4
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Female
... the husbands and wives reported that they owned it jointly. which says that even though that rhetoric is there, in a lot of households-
O
4.4
2.4
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Female
... the households actually functioned pretty well and husband and wife worked together as a team-
H
5.2
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Female
... to produce crops, to raise a family, to do all the things that households do.
H
3.8
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Female
... how to build on the pieces that work. so rather than thinking about just going in and necessarily titling land and-
X
4.2
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4
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Female
... the rights to farm that land.do you think-
N
4
4.444444
4
880
Female
... not necessarily how things work, do you think moving forward policy will be put in place where women are thought of more as equal to men?
X
4
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Female
so they've got a pretty good constitution that supports women's rights.
H
4.2
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Female
and then it's in practice and in people's attitudes that it may or may not be-
S
3
3.6
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Female
[crosstalk 00:09:36] be taking place. so i think some of those kinds of things are changing. there's certainly legislation being discussed that-
H
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Female
... [crosstalk 00:09:44] much larger surveys in three other countries in [crosstalk 00:09:48].
N
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Female
and one of the things that we find from doing the comparative work, is that the rules about marriage and inheritance play a big part in terms of what women-
N
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Female
and what women have access to.
S
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Female
so that in places where
N
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Female
... women, when you're married, you jointly own all of the marital property. that gives women much more ownership of assets than-
N
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Female
places where you still own.
N
4
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Female
assets individually, regardless of whether you're married. so in many places, including in uganda, there's
N
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Female
it's in whatever she has is hers. women clearly.
H
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Female
mutually benefit when whatever they-
X
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Female
take more time out of the workforce.
N
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Female
yeah. i wanted to talk about chivalry. if you read.
C
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Female
the 22nd, then i spoke about the idea of toxic.
S
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is because of course, if you read the blog piece, then you'll know.
N
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Female
but the reason i named it that just to summarize, is that i feel as though much of what was.
N
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Female
able to channel some of the quote unquote problematic aspects of masculinity.
N
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was attacked by feminists and liberal culture. and since it wasn't.
N
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tapped what we were left with.
N
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Female
and so, before i continue saying problematic aspects of masculine.
N
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Female
identity, what i mean is that there are some aspects of masculinity that can be.
X
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so it's a biological fact that men are stronger than women, especially.
N
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Female
upper body strength. and if men.
N
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are left with that strength, without knowing how to.
N
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whether it's religion or tradition, we're able to be funneled through societal notions like chivalry.
U
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religious or moral ideals. and that's what you use your strength towards. not too long ago, i wrote.
N
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it doesn't really matter to say, is it society, or is it inherently that men are more.
D
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violent than women? that's not what really matters. in my.
X
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point of view, what matters more to me is to say, here's this extra physical strength that can lead to violence.
X
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how can we take what is natural,
C
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that superior physical strength and nurture it into something that is valuable? and for me,
H
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something positive than just trying to change it or trying to make it dormant. so for me, the wrong approach is to say,
X
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not competitive. let's just make them play nice. let's give them.
N
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tea, which very often comes out of competition, whereas
N
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a great deal.and the mistake that moral psychologist made in the beginning
N
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was that you were able to have.
N
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principles, or guided laws. it's just use principles that you can always hold on to no matter what,
O
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and a poor man, he goes to a pharmacist and he tries to get this drug for.
S
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his sick wife. so that obviously.
N
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drug he has, and whatever sees the amount of desperation and charges him this.
S
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cared a lot about the relationship. and a lot of the time men and boys cared a lot about the principles. so the principle of.
N
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stealing is wrong, or the principle of greed is wrong.
X
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whereas women would very often look at it as,
N
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well, he shouldn't steal from the pharmacist because who knows,
X
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maybe the pharmacist also has a family and that wouldn't be right to take money away from his family, or he could end up in jail. and then he wouldn't be able to take care.
S
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and men very often tended to look at the principle of the matter and the mistake, as i mentioned on the outset that the moral psychologists made was to say, oh,
N
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look at women, we don't get past this point of relationship to come to more guided principles. and so we are not as moral as men. and that was a mista-
C
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-ake. that was the wrong judgment to make. and so
X
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and she explored in her book in a different voice.
X
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she explored the ways in which men and women simply view problems differently. if you.
N
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have different emphasis on how they make decisions,
X
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i got really caught up in that back to my psychology days with the moral psychology example.
X
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so anyway, the point basically that i was just trying to make the larger point is that men and women have proven to be different
N
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the most beneficial thing that we could do is to nurture our nature instead of problematizing-
N
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Female
different aspects of our two genders. so for.
X
4
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Female
example, it happens on the other side to a woman's ability to, or lack of ability to be more aggressive when it comes to,
X
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Female
and there's been studies that show that women use, 'sorry' a lot more, women use 'but' a lot more, women.
S
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sort of, i forget the exact.
O
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name for it, but basically when you're talking, you're making a point, but then you kind of undermine yourself, like saying.
D
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i know this might be a stupid idea, but that sort of thing, that women tended to do that a lot more.
X
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and so instead of people in power,
N
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or even as a community and society.
U
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we not hear that, automatically comparing it to men and think of it as weakness. how can-
X
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what's the word i want to say? oh, responsive. just as responsive to it as we would be for a man. so if we.
X
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women tend to say, "i'm sorry," not because they're just so apologetic-
X
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or it could be, but they just tend to say, "sorry," almost in order to soften the blow because they don't want to be aggressive. again-
S
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pointing to that, wanting to always keep relationships intact,
N
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and so, saying they're sorry is not because they are necessarily sorry, but that they want you to understand that even-
S
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even if they disagree with you, or even because they're asking for x, y, and z doesn't mean that they want to hurt you.
N
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in any way. so why can't we hear that voice instead of telling women go out there and be more aggressive,
U
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tell the people empower, tell ourselves this.
X
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society, "okay. let's acknowledge that this is the way that women talk and let's allow them to talk that way and really hear them"-
N
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as women, instead of hearing them as weak versions of men? so this happens on both sides of constantly.
U
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problematizing distinct features of each gender and
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making us, sort of just picking and choosing.
O
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