Datasets:
bootscoder
/
Medical-ChatBot-CPT

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
Community
text
stringlengths
1
177k
什么方法治疗银屑癣？银屑病是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病，目前医学上对于该病的治疗没有什么特别有效的办法，治疗，可以用维A酸软膏涂抹患处涂抹皮肤，并可以用光照疗法，中药治疗，相结合的方法效果较好。银屑病患者的日常生活中应该避免精神紧张：过度的精神压力，身体疲劳，情绪变化，超过调节机体的代谢能力，内分泌，免疫功能紊乱，导致机体，从而诱发银屑病的发生或使病情加重。在银屑病患者的日常生活来避免感染：感染是非常常见的因素引起的银屑病银屑病的历史，人们应该特别注意预防感冒，寒暖，多喝开水，少去人多拥挤的公共场所。在银屑病患者的日常生活，避免烫伤划伤：银屑病患者急性不要用热水烫伤皮肤洗，因为容易形成刺激皮肤，使皮肤急剧增加。银屑病是一种典型的对等的回应，刮伤将形成新的病变，病变范围扩大。在银屑病患者的日常生活注意运动：在积极治疗病人，坚持体育锻炼，做更多的锻炼，增强体质，提高抗病能力，有助于减少银屑病的复发，巩固疗效。在银屑病患者的日常生活注意家居环境：作为多因素，银屑病的复杂性，家庭生活环境的影响对疾病的不可忽视的作用。因此，患者在潮湿的房子避免，卧室用开放的最佳选择，和房间的使用面积更大，更好的通风，以减少银屑病的发生。在患者的日常生活与银屑病：银屑病患者注意饮食和合理的原则应忌食辛辣鱼腥发物，戒烟酒，因为这些物质进入人体后在一定程度上，加重病情，影响治疗。可以多吃富含维生素的食物，病变广泛，大量的缩放的患者应多吃瘦肉，鸡蛋，豆制品，补充缺失的蛋白。
三个月前刚刚做了药流应该注意什么？药物流产也是一种常见的流产的方法，药流对女性健康影响较大，流产以后应卧床休息2到3天，要调整饮食结构，多吃一些富含高蛋白的食物，这样能够提高身体的免疫力，比如说适当的吃一些鸡肉，猪瘦肉，吃一些豆制品，奶制品等等，另外，多吃蔬菜水果，有助于及时补充微量元素。药流后禁忌和注意事项有组织物排出后需在医院留察1小时。若阴道流血不多可以回家休息。流产后2周内适当休息，吃富有营养食物，不做重体力劳动。注意会阴清洁，阴道流血未净时禁盆浴及性生活。流产后的最初2～3天，阴道流血量一般相当于月经量略多，若阴道流血量很多或持续不净要及时就诊。未见组织物排出者用药后观察2周，期间大、小便时应注意有无组织物排出。流产后可能很快恢复排卵，应采取避孕措施，以免再次妊娠。蛋白质是抗体的重要组成成分，如摄入不足，则机体抵抗力降低。人工流产后半个月之内，蛋白质每公斤体重应给1.5克～2克，每日量约100克～150克。因此，可多吃些鸡肉、猪瘦肉、蛋类、奶类和豆类、豆类制品等。人工流产手术后，由于身体较虚弱，常易出汗。因此补充水分应少量多次，减少水分蒸发量;汗液中排出水溶性维生素较多，尤其是维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2，因此，应多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果。如此，也有利于防止便秘。在正常饮食的基础上，适当限制脂肪。术后一星期内脂肪控制在每日80克左右。行经紊乱者，忌食刺激性食品，如辣椒、酒、醋、胡椒、姜等，这类食品均能刺激性器官充血，增加月经量，也忌食螃蟹、田螺、河蚌等寒性食物。
Johan Hampus Furuhjelm, (; 11 March 1821 – 21 September 1909) was a Finnish-Russian vice-admiral and explorer, commander of the Russian Baltic Fleet, Governor of the Russian Far East, Taganrog and Russian America. Early years Johan Hampus Furuhjelm was born into a Swedish-speaking noble family of Furuhjelm in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland on March 11, 1821. Johan Hampus was the son of Otto Wilhelm Furuhjelm (1794–1871) and Ulrica Johanna Fredrika Fock (1795–1856). Johan Hampus was schooled at home until 1836 when he joined the Navy (1st Finnish Sea Battalion 1:a finska sjöekipaget). Graduate of the Navy Corps, Furuhjelm served at Russian Baltic Fleet in 1838–1846. Promoted to midshipman 1839, lieutenant 1845. In 1843–1844, he participated in hydrographic works in the Gulf of Finland on board the schooner Meteor. In 1846–1847, he served at the Black Sea. In Russian America In 1850, Furuhjelm was detached to the new post in the Russian-American Company and sailed from Kronstadt to Novoarkhangel'sk (New Archangel, as the Russian community in Sitka was called) on board of the ship Nikolai I. He arrived to Novoarkhangel'sk on 23 April 1851, where he was appointed commander of Novoarkhangel'sk's seaport and sailed to Hawaii, California and China on behalf of the Russian-American Company. In 1853–1854, Furuhjelm was captain of the supply ship Count Menshikoff in the squadron of Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin. In 1854, he was appointed commander of the Ayan seaport and on 11 December 1858, Governor of Russian America. During a Christmas ball in Helsinki in 1858, Furuhjelm met the 22-year-old Anna von Schoultz. On 10 January they were engaged and on 2 February 1859 the wedding took place. In Novo Archangelsk, Furuhjelm was forced to acknowledge that one of the most acute needs was rebuilding the Indians' trust in the white man. During his period as governor of Alaska, he managed to put an end to hostilities with natives. Once, he used the trick of an eclipse of the moon. He threatened the Indians to take away the moon if they did not obey him. Furuhjelm's magic made a deep impression on the natives. They were also impressed because the governor dared to go out on inspection tours without an escort. He made the trips with just paddlers and an interpreter. Furuhjelm was successful in winning the Indians' respect and the camp was normalized. One of the most important successes which Furuhjelm noted during his period as governor was that he was successful in abolishing the ice treaty with San Francisco. According to a contract which had been signed, Russian America had to deliver a certain amount of ice to San Francisco at a fixed price. The problem was that the product melted down on the way to the warmer climates. The ice contract became very awkward for the Russian colony. Furuhjelm arranged for a new contract to sell ice to San Francisco: 3,000 tons at $25.00 a ton. The Furuhjelms had three children during their five years in Russian America. The oldest daughter Annie Furuhjelm later became one of the foremost figures within the international women's movement and a member of Finland's Parliament. On 17 March 1864 Johan Hampus Furuhjelm turned over his duties to prince Dmitri Petrovich Maksutov, who happened to be the last governor of Russian America. In the summer of 1864 it was time for the Furuhjelm family to make a move and leave Russian America. Later years In 1865–1870, Furuhjelm served as military governor of Primorsky Krai. On 25 February 1871 he was appointed chief of Russian seaports in the Pacific, where he contributed a lot to development of Vladivostok and Primorsky Krai, opened the Amur Telegraph Company, several lighthouses and ship dockyards. In 1872 Furuhjelm was made Flag Officer of the Russian Baltic Fleet. In 1874, Ivan Furugelm was promoted to the rank of vice admiral and appointed governor of the city of Taganrog (1874–1876), where he opened the first naval school (founded by Ivan Shestakov) and the first public library (Chekhov Library) on 23 May 1876 (old style). Among library's most frequent visitors was Anton Chekhov. Anna Furuhjelm joined her husband in Taganrog for the winter 1874–1875 with the two youngest children. In 1878–1880 Hampus Furuhjelm served as commander of Revel's naval port. From 1880 until 1886, he was at the disposal of the commander of the port of Saint Petersburg. In 1889, on the occasion of his jubilee as an officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, he received a golden snuffbox, decorated with diamonds and the initials of Alexander III of Russia. Furuhjelm died on 21 September 1909 near Urjala, present-day Finland. Places named after Furuhjelm Mount Furuhelm - A mountain 3,610 ft., 4.5 miles SW of Baranof, on East coast of Baranof Island, Alexander Archipelago. Named in 1935 by U.S. Forest Service for Ivan Vasilievitch Furuhelm, mining engineer and Governor of Russian America, 1859-1864; Furugelm Island - Island in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Two islands discovered by Johan Hampus Furuhjelm in 1853. Named for him by the Russian Admiral Putyatin; Furuhelm Street - in Sitka, Alaska, located between Edgecumbe Drive and Georgeson Street, starting at Kimsham Street. Furugelm - A point and an island at Sakhalin, Sea of Japan. Named for Carl Harald Felix Furuhjelm, b. May 13, 1830 in Helsinki, Finland, d. April 30, 1871 in Nakhodka, East Siberia, Russia (brother of Johan Hampus Furuhjelm). References Sources Энциклопедия Таганрога. Таганрог: Антон, 1998. — 624 с. — . Finnish explorers 19th-century Finnish nobility Governors of the Russian-American Company Governors of Taganrog Explorers from the Russian Empire Imperial Russian Navy admirals 1821 births 1909 deaths Military personnel from Helsinki People from the Grand Duchy of Finland Nobility from the Russian Empire Russian people of Finnish descent Swedish-speaking Finns
維尼塔鎮區（）為美國堪薩斯州金曼縣轄下的鎮區。2010年美国人口普查中此鎮區人口有253人。 地理 維尼塔鎮區涵蓋總面積為，其中陸地面積為，水域面積為或0.57%。海拔高度。 人口統計 根據2010年美國人口普查，維尼塔鎮區人口有253人，其中男性有126人，女性有127人，人口密度為每平方公里2.77人，住房計105戶。鎮區內的白人有245人，非裔美國人有0人，美洲原住民有2人，亞裔美國人有0人，太平洋島裔美國人有0人，其他種族有0人，混血種族則有6人。此外鎮區內有3人為西班牙裔或拉丁裔美國人。此鎮區之年齡中位數為41.1歲，而男性年齡中位數為41.5歲，女性年齡中位數為41.1歲。 參考資料 金曼縣鎮區 (堪薩斯州) 堪薩斯州鎮區
"Gal of Constant Sorrow" is the fourteenth episode of the twenty-seventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 588th episode of the series overall. The episode was directed by Matthew Nastuk and written by Carolyn Omine. It aired in the United States on Fox on February 21, 2016. Plot During breakfast, Marge discovers a loose tile on the floor and says that she will have to call a handyman. Homer gets the hint that he is not handy and decides to replace the tile himself. He succeeds with the help of an online tutorial, but soon realizes that he has trapped the family cat Snowball II inside the floor. He later manages to free the cat from the walls, but then traps Santa's Little Helper inside. Homer eventually falls through the roof trying to rescue the dog, only to find that Marge has already rescued him and has been doing the handiwork around the house to cover for Homer's mistakes; she admits she played along with this as she found the idea of Homer being "handy" attractive. Meanwhile, Bart participates in a sled race on a hill, but Milhouse slows them down out of fear of slants. Bart knocks Milhouse off, but he loses control of the sled and hits the shopping cart of a homeless woman named Hettie Mae Boggs, throwing it and all of her things into a frozen river. Feeling guilty, he invites Hettie to the Simpsons' house. Hettie gets too comfortable in Bart's closet, so she decides to give Bart one dollar per day as rent. Lisa soon notices Bart's suspicious income and discovers Hettie, but Bart convinces her not to tell Marge out of fear that Hettie will get kicked out of the house. They also discover Hettie's incredible talent for music, so Lisa invites her to stay in her closet and helps her record her songs. Bart warns Lisa against this because if Hettie lets her down, Lisa will not be able to deal with her emotions. Lisa showcases the songs for the town and manages to arrange a concert and an NPR interview for Hettie. Much to Lisa's shock, Hettie reveals during the interview that she is a heroin addict who has a propensity for shooting people in the face if she does not get the drug. When Hettie goes missing on the night of her concert, Bart and Lisa come clean about her to Marge and Homer. With less than thirty minutes before the concert, Lisa distracts the audience by playing her saxophone while Homer and Bart search for Hettie. They manage to find Hettie drinking on Cletus Spuckler's farm. They calm her down and persuade her to come to her concert, only to find that a heartbroken Lisa had failed to entertain the crowd and the place is almost empty. Hettie sings one last song dedicated to Lisa, who decides to forgive her. During the credits, Hettie is shown playing in a rehab clinic as the interns and fellow patients escape to Moe's Tavern through a secret tunnel. One of the group, Disco Stu, comments that the bar is dirtier than the tunnel. Production In an interview in June 2015, executive producer Al Jean said that Kate McKinnon would guest star in an episode as a homeless woman with musician Natalie Maines providing her singing voice. Maines previously appeared as herself as part of The Chicks, credited as The Dixie Chicks, in the nineteenth season episode "Papa Don't Leech." Jean described the character as the opposite of Bleeding Gums Murphy, and although Lisa would help with her music career, it would not progress the same way. Musician Bob Boilen appeared as himself, who hosts a radio show in Springfield called "Mountain Trax." Cultural references "Started from the Bottom" by Drake plays while Bart spends his money. Lisa's imagination during Hettie's first song shows Apu and two of his children in the same pose as Migrant Mother by Dorothea Lange. On the concert stage, Hettie sings a parody of "Down in the River to Pray." Over the end credits, Hettie sings a parody of "The Big Rock Candy Mountains." Reception "Gal of Constant Sorrow" scored a 1.4 rating and was watched by 3.10 million viewers, making it Fox's highest rated show of the night. Dennis Perkins of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B+ stating, "For all the griping about The Simpsons overstaying its welcome, it doesn’t take much for the show to win back viewers’ trust and affection. The characters and pieces are all in place, just waiting for the right tune to start moving in a semblance of their former hilarious harmony. For the second episode this season, credited writer Carolyn Omine pitches her script with a deftness and an understanding of the Simpsons that makes an episode fairly sing." Tony Sokol of Den of Geek gave the episode 3.5 out of 5 stars. He stated that the episode was evenly paced and highlighted the heroin twist. He also praised the song lyrics. References External links 2016 American television episodes The Simpsons (season 27) episodes Television episodes about homelessness Television episodes written by Carolyn Omine
脑出血病人吃什么呢？脑出血的病人可以吃这几种食物，对身体恢复是极好的，第一种是新鲜的水果，比如苹果和葡萄等，或是绿色的蔬菜，对身体有一定的恢复作用；第二种是胡萝卜，或是含碘高的食物；第三种就是水晶山楂，把山楂煮水后，放入几颗冰糖或是山药，也是不错的食物。脑出血疾病对于我们来说，是一种非常可怕的疾病，但是在控制疾病的时候，除了采取相应的治疗之外，调整日常的饮食习惯也是特别重要的。新鲜的水果患者的饮食要以清淡为主，患者要多吃新鲜的水果，因为新鲜的水果，尤其是绿水果中富含生素C和钾等，镁等因素，患者可以多吃，常见的有苹果，柿子，番茄，葡萄等都有不错的效果，患者吃一些绿叶的蔬菜，也有一定的功效。吃补充蛋白质的食物也很重要，常见的有豆制品、瘦肉、或者牛奶等。胡萝卜胡萝卜也可以补充，患者所需的营养物质等，患者也可以多服用新鲜的水芹汁，每天分2次饮用，可预防脑溢血，对治疗后遗症也有效。患者也需要多吃含碘丰富的食物，如海带、紫菜、虾米等，这些食物中的碘，可减少患者的胆固醇在动脉壁中的沉积，并能防止患者的动脉硬化等并发症的发生。水晶山楂在平时脑出血的患者食用的时候，可以使用山楂15枚去核，再准备冰糖适量，把山楂放入锅中煮熟后，在其中加山药粉15克，盖上盖子再煮片刻，服用的方法是每日两次。脑出血的原因也是我们需要引起重视的一点，因为这个病主要与脑血管的病变、硬化有关。出现血管病变的根本原因，与患者自身存在高血脂、高血压、糖尿病等慢性病有很大的关系，同时老年人血管的老化，吸烟也是不容忽视的因素，因此只要在平时合理饮食，控制好病情，就可以很好地预防脑出血的发生。
冷泉隆豐（），日本戰國時代的武將。大內氏家臣。父親是冷泉興豐。 本姓多多良氏，是大內氏的支流。父親興豐自稱母方的家號冷泉氏。 生平 在永正10年（1513年）出生。仕於周防國戰國大名大內義興，在義興死後，仕於其子義隆。受主君義隆下賜偏諱（「隆」字），改名為隆祐，後來，再取父親的名字中的一字，改名為隆豐。負責率領大內氏的水軍。大永7年（1527年），在攻略安藝國時，於、國府城（）戰鬥。 天文10年（1541年），成為安藝武田氏的居城的城主。天文11年（1542年），跟隨義隆遠征出雲國的尼子氏，包圍月山富田城，不過因為國人眾等人背叛，全軍撤退（月山富田城之戰）。此時，負責義隆的養子晴持所乘的船，不過晴持在撤退時溺死。翌年（1543年），攻略伊予國。與安藝國國人白井房胤（白井賢胤的父親）等人一同在天文15年（1546年）2月進攻伊予的平智島；翌年（1547年）5月，再次聯合，進攻伊予的中途島。 主君義隆在月山富田城之戰的敗北後，開始變得文弱。大內家中，分為相良武任等文治派和陶隆房（後來的晴賢）等武斷派，出現激烈對立。在對立激化後，回避雙方的暴發，而仲介亦不了了之。在隆房謀反的流言在山口中廣泛流傳後，義隆亦沒有接受誅殺隆房的進言。 天文20年（1551年），隆房謀反。因為隆房周到的安排，除了文治派以外，幾乎沒有人是義隆的友方。義隆逃離山口後，打算投靠石見國的吉見正賴，不過因為風暴，沒能乘船，於是進入長門國的。陶軍在包圍大寧寺後，義隆自殺。在擔任介錯後，自身亦向陶軍突擊而戰死（大寧寺之變）。另一說則指，在與敵軍戰鬥後，進入著火的，詠唱後，在腹部割出十字，把內臟投入天井後死去。而連接該藏經閣的斜道被稱為「冷泉坂」。 辭世句是「」。 現今山口縣岩國市周東的冷泉屋敷（冷泉氏館）跡被認為是隆豐等人的居館。 人物 不只是武勇優秀，亦擅長和歌。被稱為智勇兼備之士，而且是忠臣，得到很高評價。 登場作品 電視劇 『毛利元就』（NHK大河劇，1997年，演員：） 外部連結 武家家伝＿大内氏 相關條目 冷泉氏 戰國武將 日本戰國水軍 周防國出身人物 日本戰爭身亡者
Strange World is a 2022 American animated science-fiction adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It was directed by Don Hall, co-directed and written by Qui Nguyen, and produced by Roy Conli. The film stars the voices of Jake Gyllenhaal, Dennis Quaid, Jaboukie Young-White, Gabrielle Union, and Lucy Liu. The film follows a legendary family of explorers, the Clades (Gyllenhaal, Quaid, Young-White, and Union), who must set aside their differences as they embark on a journey to a mysterious subterranean land inhabited by surreal lifeforms, in order to save a miracle plant Pando that is their society's source of energy. Hall developed the idea of the film in 2017 about strange projects while finishing co-directing Moana (2016). Strange World draws inspiration from pulp magazines, Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), Fantastic Voyage (1966), Jurassic Park (1993) and King Kong (1933). To communicate non-verbally, several animators worked to create the movement of the character Splat. While the film is predominately CGI, the film does incorporate 2D animation from Randy Haycock, with additional 2D animation by Eric Goldberg and Mark Henn in certain scenes. Henry Jackman provide the musical score. The film was noted for introducing Walt Disney Animation Studios' first openly LGBTQ lead character, leading to the film being pulled out for a theatrical release in some regions. Strange World premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, on November 15, 2022, and was theatrically released in the United States on November 23. It received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the animation, environmental, Jackman's score, visuals, and voice acting, but criticized the writing and film's marketing. It was also in RealD 3D, 4DX, and Dolby Cinema formats. The film grossed around $73 million against a budget of between $135-180 million, nominally making it one of the biggest box-office bombs of all time, with projections of as much as a $197 million loss for Disney. However, it was a streaming hit on Disney+, where it became the number one film being streamed for 19 days. Plot In Avalonia, a land surrounded by an endless wall of mountains, adventurers Jaeger Clade and his teenage son Searcher brave the wilderness to explore new worlds. While trying to traverse the mountains, Searcher discovers a green plant that gives off energy. He and the rest of the expedition team decide to return to Avalonia with the plant while Jaeger angrily continues his mission alone. 25 years later, Searcher has made a name for himself by introducing the miracle plant, dubbed Pando, as a fuel source for Avalonia. He and his wife Meridian are Pando farmers, while their son, Ethan, has a crush on his friend Diazo and chafes at his father's expectation that he will become a farmer as well. One night, Callisto Mal, the president of Avalonia and one of Jaeger's former expedition teammates, shows up in her airship, the Venture, informs the Clades that Pando is losing its power and asks Searcher to help find the cause. He joins an expedition to travel into a giant sinkhole, in which the roots of Pando have been located. On the way down, Meridian tries catching up in her crop-duster when Ethan and their dog Legend stows away on the Venture. The Venture, attacked by red wyvern-like creatures, crash-lands in a subterranean world, where Searcher and Legend are separated from the group. They are attacked by a creature called a "Reaper", but are rescued by Jaeger, who has been living underground all these years. He has been trying to cross the mountains from below, but is blocked by an acidic ocean, and states his intention to board the Venture to attempt to cross it. Meanwhile, Ethan sneaks away from the Venture to find his father. He befriends an amorphous blue creature, naming it Splat, before being reunited with Searcher, Legend and Jaeger. They are attacked by more Reapers, but are rescued by Meridian and Callisto and return to the Venture. Searcher insists on completing their mission, while Jaeger wants to continue journeying across the Strange World. Ethan becomes frustrated with them and their opposing worldviews. After another wild encounter, Searcher and Jaeger finally have a heart-to-heart talk and realize that they do respect each other's goals in life. They eventually find a cluster of Pando's roots, which is being attacked by the Strange World's creatures. After he learns that Ethan wants to explore more of the Strange World, Searcher blames Jaeger's influence on him. Frustrated with Searcher, Ethan jumps off the Venture and on to one of the Reapers. Searcher follows him aboard a small flying vehicle, but as they are reconciling, they realize that they have passed through the mountains to the ocean beyond, where they see the eye of a giant turtle-like creature. The two realize that Avalonia is on the creature's back, and that they have been traveling through its body, meaning that the Reapers and all the other creatures are its immune system. Seeing that Pando is an infection attacking the creature’s heart, they head back to inform the expedition team that Pando must be destroyed, but Callisto has them locked up to prevent them from stopping the mission, while Jaeger furiously sails off to see for himself. After Legend and Splat free the family, Searcher and Ethan head to the creature's heart to clear a path for the Reapers, while Meridian takes over the ship and convinces Callisto to help. Jaeger returns, and with his help, they break through Pando, and the creatures appear and destroy it, bringing the heart back to life and saving the land. One year later, Ethan is in a relationship with Diazo as they and their friends collect resources from the Strange World; Avalonia has shifted from Pando energy to wind turbines; Jaeger revisits his ex-wife Penelope, who has remarried during his absence; and Searcher and Jaeger's relationship has improved. Voice cast Jake Gyllenhaal as Searcher Clade, a 40-year-old man who is Jaeger's son, Meridian's husband, and Ethan's father as well as a farmer of the Pando power source. Dennis Quaid as Jaeger Clade, Searcher's father and Ethan's grandfather who is more of a larger-than-life explorer. Jaboukie Young-White as Ethan Clade, Searcher's 16-year-old son who longs for adventure beyond his father's farm while also navigating a school crush on Diazo. Being a gay character, Ethan is Walt Disney Animation Studios' first openly LGBTQ main character. Gabrielle Union as Meridian Clade, Ethan's mother, and Searcher's wife who is a pilot and natural leader in the Venture. Lucy Liu as Callisto Mal, the president of Avalonia and leader of the exploration into the strange world who helps the Clades to lead the adventures in her airship called the Venture. Karan Soni as Caspian, a nerdy member of the expedition to Strange World. Alan Tudyk as Duffle, a pilot for the expedition to Strange World in the Venture who is killed by red wyvern-like creatures. His role is a reference to Tudyk's Firefly character Hoban "Wash" Washburn. Tudyk also voices the Narrator at the beginning of the film and an announcer on the radio host. Adelina Anthony as Captain Pulk, the second-in-command of the expedition to Strange World. Abraham Benrubi as Lonnie Redshirt, a member of Jaeger's expedition crew before he disappeared. His last name refers to the trend in Star Trek for those wearing red shirts to die insignificantly. Jonathan Melo as Diazo, Ethan's love-interest and boyfriend at the end. Nik Dodani as Kardez, one of Ethan's friends. Francesca Reale as Azimuth, one of Ethan's friends. Emily Kuroda as Ro Reed Buck as Rory Katie Lowes as an announcer on the radio host LaNisa Frederick as Client #2 Dave Kohut as Client #3 Alice Kina Diehl as Client #4 Non-speaking roles in the film include Legend, the Clades' three-legged dog who resembles an Old English Sheepdog; Splat, the blue creature from the Strange World; the other Avalonia creatures; and Penelope Clade, Jaeger's ex-wife and Searcher's mother who retired from adventuring. In the end credits, Legend and Splat are listed as playing themselves. Production Development While finishing co-directing Moana (2016), Don Hall began to developed the idea for the new film in 2017 about strange projects, with his frequent creative partner Chris Williams, before ultimately left Disney in November 2018 and directed The Sea Beast for Netflix Animation. Despite being left, some of Williams' early art can be seen in the art-of book. In 2018, he invited Roy Conli into his office. One project that Hall developed had environmental overtones and was a generational story of three men and tied back to very specific art on the wall. Hall described the film as Indiana Jones meets National Lampoon's Vacation. Shortly after the announcement with Raya and the Last Dragon (2021) at the D23 Expo in August 2019, a major redone happened, with the creative leadership on the film were being swapped, while some cast members were replaced. On December 9, 2021, Walt Disney Animation Studios announced a new film titled Strange World with Hall as director (his solo directorial debut), Qui Nguyen as co-director and writer, and Conli as producer. During a story meeting, Disney artist Burny Mattinson suggested adding a dog character for the Clades, which ultimately became the character Legend in the final film. It would be Mattinson's final film released during his lifetime. Overall, the budget of Strange World was approximately between $135–180 million. Casting On June 6, 2022, following the release of the teaser trailer, Jake Gyllenhaal was announced as the voice of Searcher Clade. Eleven days later, the rest of the main cast for the film was announced at France's Annecy Animation Festival, including Jaboukie Young-White as Ethan Clade, Gabrielle Union as Meridian Clade, Lucy Liu as Callisto Mal, and Dennis Quaid as Jaeger Clade. The inclusion of Young-White voicing a gay character named Ethan marks Walt Disney Animation Studios' first openly LGBTQ main character. Animation, design, and influences According to Hall, Strange World is a nod to pulp magazines—popular fiction from the first half of the 20th century that was printed on inexpensive wood pulp paper, including films like Journey to the Center of the Earth, Fantastic Voyage and King Kong. He also said "[he] loved reading the old issues of pulps growing up. They were big adventures in which a group of explorers might discover a hidden world or ancient creatures. They've been a huge inspiration for Strange World." The miracle plant Pando is named after a forest in Utah in America. The land of Avalonia was given a "warm, nostalgic" color scheme to contrast with the titular strange world inside the creature, for which the filmmakers "avoided earth tones and leaned into reds and magentas." They also created a way for the character Splat to communicate non-verbally, similar to the magic carpet in Aladdin. Music Henry Jackman was announced to compose the score for the film on September 5, 2022, marking his third collaboration with Don Hall, after Winnie the Pooh and Big Hero 6, and his fifth overall feature-length scoring work with Walt Disney Animation Studios, which includes the Wreck-It Ralph films. Walt Disney Records released the score album on November 23, 2022, in addition to the song "They're The Clades!" performed by James Hayden, also having a reprised version of the tracks, the same day as the theatrical release. Release Theatrical Strange World premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, on November 15, 2022, and was theatrically released in the United States on November 23, 2022. Despite being theatrically released in most regions, Strange World was not released theatrically in some regions; due to Disney's opposition to local regulations regarding theatrical windows, the company announced on June 8, 2022, that Strange World would not see a theatrical release in France and would instead go straight to Disney+ in the region following its theatrical release in other regions. Deadline Hollywood reported that Disney pulled out for a theatrical release in 20 countries, mainly the Middle East, Africa, South Asia, Russia and China; a Russian release had already been pulled due to the ongoing invasion of Ukraine, while Disney opted to exclude release in other regions due to the inclusion of a gay main character, Ethan Clade. This was done to prevent those regions' censorship of LGBTQ+ references, as a main storyline in the film revolves around Ethan having a crush on another boy called Diazo. This was the first film to feature the commemorative 100th anniversary Disney logo in celebration of the company's centennial in 2023, created by Disney Studios Content and Industrial Light & Magic, which was revealed at the 2022 D23 Expo. Christophe Beck composed a new arrangement of "When You Wish Upon a Star", while Tim Davies conducted it. Marketing Following the project announcement, the first look concept art of the film was released on December 9, 2021. Max Evry of /Film said the image "[looked] a lot like Avatar, or at the very least the Pandora section of Disney World's Animal Kingdom." The teaser trailer was released on June 6, 2022. Petrana Radulovic for Polygon felt it was "an homage to retro sci-fi flicks" and similar to Raya and the Last Dragon, it "definitely seems to lean more into the action than Disney's typical musical fantasies." A new trailer was shown at the 2022 D23 Expo and the official trailer was released on September 21, 2022, followed by a cast reaction video a day later. Lex Briscuso of /Film says it "honestly looks like a breath of fresh air when it comes to animated family stories." A "special look" trailer was released on October 19, 2022. Rafael Motamayor of /Film said "Though the upbeat song and the focus on laughs kind of sells this as a more formulaic Disney film in terms of tone, the prominent use of monsters and big action hopefully makes this more of an inventive film from the studio." Two featurettes "Welcome To Strange World" and "100 Years of Amazing Characters", which showcased the characters of Splat and Legend, were released on November 3, 2022, and November 8, 2022, respectively. Streaming and home media Strange World began streaming on Disney+ on December 23, 2022. According to Flix Patrol, Strange World was the most streamed film on Disney+ upon its release on the streaming service. According Whip Media's TV Time, Strange World was the 8th most streamed film across all platforms in the United States, during the week ending December 25, 2022, and the 6th during the week of December 30, 2022. Strange World was the 6th most popular film on Fandango’s transactional digital service Vudu, during the week ending January 1, 2023. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Strange World on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD on February 14, 2023. Reception Box office Strange World grossed $38 million in the United States and Canada, and $35.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $73.6 million. Following its poor opening weekend, Variety and Deadline Hollywood estimated the film would lose the studio $100–197 million. In the United States and Canada, Strange World was released alongside Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery and Devotion, as well as the wide expansions of The Fabelmans and Bones and All, and was initially projected to gross $30–40 million from 4,174 theaters over its five-day opening weekend. The film made $4.2 million on its first day (including $800,000 from Tuesday night previews), which led to less optimism about it meeting initial box office projections and could debut to as low as $23 million. The film ended up debuting even lower than initial re-adjustments, making $11.9 million in its opening weekend (a five-day total of $18.6 million). Overall, it ranked in second place at the box office behind Disney's own Black Panther: Wakanda Forever. Several publications labeled the film a box office bomb, with The Hollywood Reporter saying was "the worst opening for a Disney Animation Thanksgiving title in modern times" and Variety calling it a "catastrophic result for Disney". The poor box-office opening was attributed to poor word-of-mouth, large budget overall, the lack of movie theater attendance, the expectation of its streaming release on Disney+ as the result of COVID-19 pandemic, rocky company politics, mediocre critical reviews, a vague and unremarkable premise, and lackluster marketing compared to other Disney animated films. Some analysts believe that then-Disney CEO Bob Chapek's decision to send three films made by Pixar, Soul, Luca and Turning Red, straight to Disney+ so that Disney could focus on building its streamer caused consumer confusion for families. When Bob Iger return as Disney CEO prior its release, the distribution division is being quickly dismantled led by Kareem Daniel. Strange World completed its theatrical run in the United States and Canada on February 2, 2023. Streaming Strange World was the most watched movie worldwide on Disney+ on the last week of 2022 and the first two weeks of 2023. It topped the Disney+ chart in almost every country where it was available. Critical response Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an overall positive score of 82%, including an average four out of five stars. Strange World was the first film from Walt Disney Animation to earn lower than "A–" and is considered the lowest CinemaScore rating of all Disney animated films since 1991. Peter Debruge of Variety wrote "it's the characters as much as the environment that make this vibrant, Journey to the Center of the Earth-style adventure movie colorful and diverse in all the best ways. Great as the people and places they explore may be, however, the relatively unimaginative story consigns this gorgeous toon to second-tier status ... instead of cracking the pantheon of Disney classics." Lovia Gyarke of The Hollywood Reporter praised the visuals, writing it was "meticulously and wondrously rendered by the Strange World animators, who drew much of their inspiration from pulp magazines of the 30s and 40s. There's a painterly feel to the landscape, which, combined with the film's sci-fi bent, might trigger memories of Disney's Treasure Planet." Tracy Brown of the Los Angeles Times also praised the visuals as "vibrant, weird, visually stunning... From its lush palette to its cute and deadly flora and fauna, this strange, mysterious world is very much deserving of its status as the film's title character." Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote the film is not in the same category as "Frozen, Zootopia and Encanto, it's a family-friendly fun fest with the expected ingredients of fast-paced action, ingenious visuals, terrific voice performances and, yes, some heaping spoonfuls of upbeat messaging about family ties, the importance of being true to oneself and how we should all take great measures to take care of not only each other but the world in which we live, no matter how STRANGE that world might be." Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film three stars out of four, stating Strange World is "an enjoyable piece of vibrant world building that steps away from the musical bent of recent non-Pixar efforts like Encanto and the Frozen flicks." Odie Henderson of The Boston Globe praised the film's environmental and father-son messages, as well as the "excellent voice-over work plus the score by Henry Jackman make the preachiness palatable and the film fun. The look of Avalonia's underworld is a lovely distraction; its garish and bright pinks, reds, and greens look lifted from the colored roofs of a suburban New Jersey neighborhood in the 1970s." For The Washington Post, Kristen Page-Kirby found "the story is too basic and the characters too slight for Strange World to pack a punch. The visual beauty of the film isn't enough. After all, pretty is as pretty does — and in Strange World, pretty doesn't do much." Jacob Stoller of Paste Magazine admitted that while the film "can be arresting—especially with its inventive setting and bulbous creatures—and its attempts at deconstructing the sweaty, macho-man ethos hawked by its inspiration are admirable. But with muddled themes and slight characters, remnants of the old dime magazines coordinate to bring Strange World down on the wrong side of familiar." Cath Clarke of The Guardian felt the characters "aren't half-bad", but the "clunky script feels like it's been re-drafted and re-drafted to the point of incomprehension – blowing any chance of conveying a message. However well-meaning, it makes for a surprisingly dull watch." Barry Hertz of Globe and Mail deemed it a disappointing promises. Accolades Notes References External links 2020s American films 2020s children's animated films 2020s English-language films 2020s monster movies 2022 3D films 2022 computer-animated films 2022 LGBT-related films 2022 films 3D animated films American 3D films American children's animated action films American children's animated adventure films American children's animated comedy films American children's animated science fantasy films American computer-animated films American LGBT-related films American monster movies American teen films Animated films about extraterrestrial life Censored films Disney controversies Films about farmers Films about father–son relationships Films directed by Don Hall Films scored by Henry Jackman Films set on farms Films set on fictional planets Gay-related films LGBT-related animated films LGBT-related controversies in animation LGBT-related controversies in film LGBT-related science fiction films Walt Disney Animation Studios films Walt Disney Pictures animated films Disney and LGBT
A Fortune for Kregen is a novel by Kenneth Bulmer published in 1979. Plot summary A Fortune for Kregen is a novel in which Dray Prescot is recovering from a wound suffered during a game of jikaida. Publication history After Bulmer badly bruised his arm in a fall, A Fortune for Kregen was published in December 1979, after which came A Victory for Kregen. Reception John T. Sapienza, Jr. reviewed A Fortune for Kregen for Different Worlds magazine and stated that "our hero escapes slavery and emerges from the moder to face his real enemy at the end of the book. The author seems to have had great fun, since the last chapter contains a suggestion that Prescot will return to Moderdrin again." References 1979 British novels 1979 science fiction novels British science fiction novels DAW Books books
一个人能同时患有鼻窦炎和过敏性鼻炎吗？敏感鼻炎和鼻窦炎主要是由症状和体征决定的。过敏性鼻炎有典型的连续打喷嚏、鼻子干净、鼻子瘙痒和嗅觉丧失的症状。可以看到一个更苍白的黏膜和后脑勺上的水肿，有一个更轻的摩卡。的症状主要是流脓鼻涕,即使在、头痛、鼻塞,嗅觉,查韦斯是一个鼻甲黏膜鼻腔红酒,早就有更多的幽默性,并没有大声检查未鼻涕,是最常见的鼻窦内镜检查、CT、有更清楚,曾经发生了。“慢性鼻炎，鼻窦炎。”建议你去医院科，做一个乳房x光检查，看看鼻窦炎的严重程度，并继续口服上述药物。多注意辛辣的食物，多喝水，避免火灾。这种症状再次出现在过敏性鼻炎中，因此治疗应与过敏性鼻炎同时进行。他的症状更严重，建议尽快去医院。1.鼻窦分泌物的细胞学检查:鼻窦炎主要是中性的，有时甚至是细胞内的。然而，没有发现过敏性鼻炎的证据仍然不能排除过敏性鼻炎的可能性。2.鼻内窥镜检查:需要病人的配合，儿科病人有时在检查时不配合。3.x射线:在急性或急性鼻窦炎患者中，由于上颌窦的多次侵犯，可以进行x光检查。然而，在慢性鼻窦炎患者中，筛查乳房的大多数侵入都占主导地位，因此可以考虑ct扫描。4.亮度:你可以看到鼻窦炎，但敏感性和特异性是不好的，因为在很多情况下，侧鼻窦并不完全对称。简而言之，当我们诊断出一个患有过敏性鼻炎的病人，治疗没有像预期的那样反应时，我们必须考虑到鼻窦炎合并的可能性。相对而言，根据许多研究，鼻窦炎患者的变应性鼻炎发病率远高于普通人。因此，当每个人都有过敏性鼻炎或鼻窦炎时，不要忽视两者之间的密切关系，这样治疗就会更成功。
←第103回 - 第104回 - 第105回→ 第104回日劇學院賞，針對2020年1月到3月在日本播出之冬季檔連續劇所做出的投票與評比。本季獲最優秀作品賞為TBS電視台的《戀愛可以持續到天長地久》，此劇共獲五項獎本季最多。 得獎名單 最優秀作品賞 戀愛可以持續到天長地久 忒修斯之船 緋紅 不知道也無妨 讀者票：1. 戀愛可以持續到天長地久；2. 緋紅；3. 忒修斯之船；4. ；5. 不知道也無妨 記者票：1. 忒修斯之船；2. 戀愛可以持續到天長地久；3. 緋紅；4. 不知道也無妨；5. 評審票：1. 緋紅；2. 不知道也無妨；3. 忒修斯之船；4.醫院的治療方法～有原醫生的挑戰～；5. 戀愛可以持續到天長地久 主演男優賞 竹內涼真（忒修斯之船） 橫濱流星（在不白也不黑的世界，熊貓笑了） 伊藤英明（） 澤村一樹（絕對零度〜未然犯罪潛入搜查2〜） 水谷豐（相棒 season18） 讀者票：1. 竹內涼真（忒修斯之船）；2. 横浜流星（在不白也不黑的世界，熊貓笑了）；3. 澤村一樹（絕對零度〜未然犯罪潛入捜査2〜）；4. 伊藤英明（請別在病房裡誦經）；5. 向井理（10個祕密） 記者票：1. 竹內涼真（忒修斯之船）；2. 横浜流星（在不白也不黑的世界，熊貓笑了）；3. 伊藤英明（請別在病房裡誦經）；4. 澤村一樹（絕對零度〜未然犯罪潛入捜査2〜）；5. 水谷豐（相棒 season18） 評審票：1. 竹內涼真（忒修斯之船）；2. 橫濱流星（在不白也不黑的世界，熊貓笑了）；3. 伊藤英明（請別在病房裡誦經）； 4. 澤村一樹（絕對零度〜未然犯罪潛入捜査2〜）；5. 水谷豐（相棒 season18） 主演女優賞 上白石萌音（戀愛可以持續到天長地久） 戶田惠梨香（緋紅） 吉高由里子（不知道也無妨） 清野菜名（） 濱邊美波（） 讀者票：1. 上白石萌音（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；2. 戶田惠梨香（緋紅）；3. 吉高由里子（不知道也無妨）；4. 清野菜名（和平時刻之路）；5. 天海祐希（） 記者票：1. 上白石萌音（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；2. 戶田惠梨香（緋紅）；3. 吉高由里子（不知道也無妨）；4. 濱邊美波（偽證破解家）；5. 清野菜名（和平時刻之路） 評審票：1. 戶田惠梨香（緋紅）；2. 上白石萌音（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；3. 吉高由里子（不知道也無妨）；4. （）；5. 濱邊美波（偽證破解家） 助演男優賞 佐藤健（戀愛可以持續到天長地久） 鈴木亮平（忒修斯之船） 重岡大毅（不知道也無妨） 松下洸平（緋紅） 柄本佑（不知道也無妨） 讀者票：1. 佐藤健（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；2. 松村北斗（10個祕密）；3. 松下洸平（緋紅）；4. 林遣都（緋紅）；5. 鈴木亮平（忒修斯之船） 記者票：1. 佐藤健（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；2. 鈴木亮平（忒修斯之船）；3. 柄本佑（不知道也無妨）；4. 松下洸平（緋紅）；5. 伊藤健太郎（緋紅） 評審票：1. 佐藤健（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）； 2. 北村一輝（緋紅）； 3. 重岡大毅（不知道也無妨）；4. 鈴木亮平（忒修斯之船）；4. 塚地武雅（） 助演女優賞 香里奈（戀愛可以持續到天長地久） 上野樹里（忒修斯之船） 榮倉奈奈（忒修斯之船） 大島優子（緋紅） 廣瀨愛麗絲（top knife 天才腦外科醫的條件） 讀者票：1. 香里奈（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；2. 大島優子（緋紅）；3. 榮倉奈奈（忒修斯之船）；4. 上野樹里（忒修斯之船）；5. 蓮佛美沙子（戀愛可以持續到天長地久） 記者票：1. 榮倉奈奈（忒修斯之船）；2. 上野樹里（忒修斯之船）；3. 大島優子（緋紅）；4. 大原優乃（搖曳露營△）；4. 山口紗彌加（在不白也不黑的世界，熊貓笑了） 評審票：1. 上野樹里（忒修斯之船）；2. 廣瀨愛麗絲（top knife 天才腦外科醫的條件）；3. （緋紅）；3. 大地真央（）；3. 森田望智（top knife 天才腦外科醫的條件）；3. 松井愛莉（這個男人是我人生中最大的錯誤）；3. 麻生祐未（忒修斯之船）；3. 木村佳乃（） 連續劇歌曲賞 《I LOVE…》Official髭男dism（戀愛可以持續到天長地久） 《》Uru（忒修斯之船） 《Flare》Superfly（緋紅） 讀者票：1. 《I LOVE…》Official髭男dism（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；2. 《Flare》Superfly（緋紅）；3. 《你還在》Uru（忒修斯之船）；4. 《Bad Guy》Billie Eilish（在不白也不黑的世界，熊貓笑了）；5. 《美妙的謊言》flumpool（不知道也無妨） 記者票：1. 《I LOVE…》Official髭男dism（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；2. 《你還在》Uru（忒修斯之船）；3. 《Flare》Superfly（緋紅）；4. 《Bad Guy》Billie Eilish（在不白也不黑的世界，熊貓笑了）；5. 《STAYIN' ALIVE》JUJU（top knife 天才腦外科醫的條件） 評審票：1. 《I LOVE…》Official髭男dism（戀愛可以持續到天長地久）；2. 《慕情》中島美雪（和平時刻之路）；3. 《Flare》Superfly（緋紅）；3. 《你還在》Uru（忒修斯之船）；5. 《I'm Here》三浦大知（請別在病房裡誦經）；5. 《大人》Creepy Nuts（古瀧兄弟與四苦八苦）；5. 《LIFE (「醫院的治療方法」Ver.)》久保田利伸（醫院的治療方法～Doctor有原的挑戰～） 劇本賞 高橋麻紀（忒修斯之船） 水橋文美江（緋紅） 大石靜（不知道也無妨） 導演賞 石井康晴、松木彩、山室大輔（忒修斯之船） 田中健太、福田亮介、金子文紀（戀愛可以持續到天長地久） 狩山俊輔、塚本連平、久保田充、内田秀實（不知道也無妨） 特別賞 （忒修斯之船）（飾演木村樹生的幼年期） 記者及評審評語 外部連結 第104回日劇學院賞 104 2020年日本 2020年電視獎項
卵巢萎缩是什么原因？卵巢萎缩会影响女性朋友的身体健康，这种疾病让女性荷尔蒙分泌的技术出现紊乱，甚至会导致不孕不育的发生。虽然这种情况存在的危险系数是很大的，但大家要及时去治疗卵巢萎缩，并且调整自己的情绪，这种疾病是能治愈的。卵巢萎缩是现代女性特别容易发生的一种病，通常是由于内分泌系统导致的一种卵巢早衰的症状。大家在生活中如果遇到了这样的疾病，一定要找到科学的原因以及解释，然后再根据医生的判断作出合适的医疗方案。特发性的卵巢早衰。这一种可能是没有明确的病因，而且正常人染色体也没有出现任何改变，性激素测定血会上升，但是泌乳素是正常的。特发性卵巢早衰还会导致有雌激素的缺乏，而且卵巢雄激素的分泌不足，进行腹腔镜检查看见很多萎缩性卵巢。1、免疫原因：这种可能不太多出现，血液中能够检测出卵巢的抗体，这些抗体能够抑制卵巢的功能，从而导致卵巢萎缩的症状，通常还会并发其他自身免疫性疾病。面对这个症状的时候，大家一定要及时到医院进行检查，并且咨询医生解决方案。2、物理原因：有些女性在手术过后可能就会引起卵巢早衰的症状，一些手术、感染会造成性激素的分泌出现缺陷，促性腺激素受体缺陷从而导致卵巢早衰的症状。由于患者在手术过后没有及时进行调养的工作，从而引起的一种感染。因此，大家一定要重视手术的恢复工作，千万不能疏忽大意。3、细胞遗传学原因：先天性生殖细胞容易导致卵泡的闭锁，X染色体会出现异常，这是一种遗传的疾病，通常可以通过一些治疗手段，帮助恢复正常的卵巢。上面这几种常见的卵巢萎缩的原因，希望大家能够多多了解这方面的内容。在生活中如果出现了卵巢萎缩的症状，要找到自己的原因，然后针对自己的情况向医生咨询最佳的治疗方案。
Rees Tate Bowen (January 10, 1809 – August 29, 1879) was a nineteenth-century American congressman, magistrate and judge from Virginia. He was the father of Henry Bowen. Biography Born at "Maiden Spring" near Tazewell, Virginia, Bowen attended Abingdon Academy and later engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was appointed a brigadier general in the Virginia Militia by Governor Henry A. Wise in 1856 and served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1863 to 1865. Bowen was magistrate of Tazewell County, Virginia, for several years prior to the Civil War and was presiding judge of the county court a portion of that time. He was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1872, serving from 1873 to 1875 and afterward resumed engagements in agricultural pursuits. Bowen died at his estate called "Maiden Spring" in Tazewell County, Virginia, on August 29, 1879, and was interred in the family cemetery on the estate. References External links Information on Rees Bowen 1809 births 1879 deaths Democratic Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates Virginia state court judges Virginia lawyers Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia People from Tazewell County, Virginia 19th-century American politicians 19th-century American lawyers 19th-century American judges Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves
Melchizedek is a Biblical figure of significance in both Judaic and Christian traditions. Melchizedek may also refer to: Religion Priesthood of Melchizedek, the continuum of Malkizedek's priesthood in various religions Exaltation of Melchizedek, for the references in Second Book of Enoch Melchisedechians, for an early Christian heresy Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints), for LDS significance Melchizedek (text), a Gnostic text People Melchizedek I of Georgia (fl. 1010–1033), the first Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Melchizedek II of Georgia (fl. 1528–1553) Melchizedek III of Georgia (1872–1960) Melchisedec Ștefănescu (1823, 1892), Romanian bishop and historian Melchisédech Thévenot (ca. 1620-1692), French author, scientist, traveler, cartographer, orientalist, inventor, and diplomat Melquisedet Angulo Córdova (fl. 2009), member of the Mexican Navy's special forces Melky Sedeck, R&B hip hop duo Fictional characters Melchizedek, a rich Jew in Boccaccio's The Decameron, Day 1, Novel 3 Melchizedek, a character in The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho Melchizedek, the main brain of Salem in the Battle Angel Alita graphic novel series Other uses Melchizedek, a 30-litre wine bottle, often used for champagne The Dominion of Melchizedek, a micronation known largely for allegedly facilitating large scale banking fraud
《VS嵐》，富士電視台遊戲節目，逢周四19:00至19:57（JST）播出。由嵐主持。2008年4月12日首播，2009年10月22日起，《VS嵐》正式升格為嵐的首個黃金時段節目。因應嵐將在2021年暫停團體活動，最終回4小時現場直播SP於2020年12月24日播出。接檔節目為由嵐成員相葉雅紀所主持的《VS魂》。台灣由緯來日本台的播出名稱為《嵐的大運動會》，以日語原音配中文字幕播出；2019年10月12日起改由WakuWaku Japan以《VS嵐-嵐的大運動會》為名稱播出。香港由無綫電視購入播映權，並由2012年4月8日起，逢星期日晚10時半在J2以日語、粵語雙語配中文字幕播出，後由2017年4月8日起，改為逢星期六晚7時播映。馬來西亞由Astro全佳HD2015年8月21日起每周五 21:00 - 22:00，以日語、華語雙語配英文字幕播出。 概要 遊戲規則是嵐5人加上1~2名plus one嘉賓（嵐事前不知道）組成嵐隊，與由5~7人組成的嘉賓隊進行4場遊戲對決（早期為5場遊戲）並累積分數，節目完結時得分較高的一隊獲勝。 2015年4月30日以前，嵐隊輸掉的時候會舉行「MDA」（Most Dame Arashi），選出本集中表現最差的嵐成員（可能會是Plus One嘉賓）接受懲罰（因平時MDA排列順序正中間為櫻井翔的紅色，故Plus One嘉賓使用「MDA」的顏色為紅色）。 在早期，節目完結時得分較高的一隊可獲得希望的獎品（嵐隊勝利時Plus One嘉賓獲得獎勵）。且若嵐隊勝利，節目最後會有10秒挑戰，利用不同遊戲將其簡化（也有網友提供），再由嵐隊成員進行10秒挑戰。如果挑戰成功，嵐隊會有獎賞。 節目佈景經過兩次更新，第一次為2009年10月22日節目升格為黃金檔時，第二次為2015年5月7日節目大幅升級時，兩次改版時節目Logo也會隨之更新，但遊戲道具僅在升格黃金檔時更新過外觀。 於2010年5月14日獲日本民間放送聯盟選為「希望青少年收看的節目」。 2015年6月，報章透露每集《VS嵐》，嵐五子的主持酬勞合共約18萬港元。 出演人員 主持 杰尼斯事务所出演一览 少年队：东山纪之 TOKIO：城岛茂、松冈昌宏、长濑智也、国分太一 V6：井之原快彦、坂本昌行、森田刚、三宅健、冈田准一、长野博 KinKi Kids：堂本光一 NEWS：手越祐也、小山庆一郎、加藤成亮、增田贵久 关西杰尼斯8：丸山隆平、横山裕、村上信五、安田章大、大仓忠义 KAT-TUN：中丸雄一、龟梨和也、上田龙也 Hey! Say! JUMP：山田凉介、知念侑李、中岛裕翔、八乙女光、高木雄也、伊野尾慧、有冈大贵、冈本圭人、薮宏太 Sexy Zone：中岛健人、佐藤胜利、松岛聪、菊池风磨、マリウス叶 A.B.C-Z：冢田僚一 Johnny's WEST：藤井流星、重冈大毅、桐山照史、滨田崇裕、小泷望、中间淳太、神山智洋 ふぉ〜ゆ〜：松崎祐介 King & Prince：岸优太、平野紫耀、永濑廉、高桥海人、岩桥玄树、神宫寺勇太 Snow Man：宮舘涼太、佐久间大介、渡边翔太、阿部亮平、向井康二、目黑莲 SixTONES：松村北斗、傑西、森本慎太郎 个人艺人：山下智久、生田斗真、风间俊介、长谷川纯、滨中文一、近藤真彦、中山优马、木村拓哉 小杰尼斯：大西流星、西畑大吾 每集遊戲列表 主要環節 硬幣疊疊樂（Rolling Coin Tower） 每隊派出2人站在對角線上，2隊交互在自動旋轉桌上每人疊上3枚硬幣，每人約有5秒時間放置硬幣，硬幣塔倒下時遊戲結束。硬幣共有3種厚度，分別為3分（綠色）、5分（橙色）及10分（紫色），每疊上一個可獲得該硬幣對應的分數。此外讓硬幣倒下的一隊為敗，勝出隊伍可額外獲得50分(以前是100分)。 最高圈數紀錄為10圈，最低圈數紀錄為2圈 在每年的新年SP中通常會作為最後的對決，會使用與常規時不同的音效與佈景燈光進行遊戲，主要規則相同，但每次都需疊上3分、5分及10分硬幣各一個。 過去玩法 第一集硬幣分數為10分、20分和30分，第二集起改為5分、10分和20分，直至2008年8月30日。 2010年10月28日前每隊參加人數為2人，其後開始增加每隊參加人數，從2011年6月16日開始每隊所有隊員都要參與遊戲。 2013年11月14日前額外得分為100分。 絕壁攀岩（Cliff Climb） 港譯無人性攀石。 每隊派出2人或3人擔任爬手及2人以上擔任支援，其後於2018年5月10日起，可以派出4名爬手。爬手依靠可隨意插入的金屬柄子攀爬高6米、寬7.5米的牆，按下牆上各為5分（藍色／10個）、10分（黃色／10個）、30分（綠色／5個）的按鈕得分，登頂後亦需要按50分（金色／2個），合共400分。2分鐘內，2名爬手須分配好時間取得盡量多的分數。2018年4月26日起，當第2名爬手完成攀爬而尚有時間時，第1名爬手或第3名爬手可以在剩餘時間進行第3次攀爬，作為額外分數。 目前最高得分紀錄分別由2019年3月28日特別劇「砂之器」隊及2020年1月16日電視劇「10個秘密」隊所創下，皆為493分（剩餘31秒×3分）。 2020年8月6日Mr. VS嵐決定戰，TEAM相葉（中尾明慶+相葉雅紀）、TEAM松本（柴田英嗣+松本潤）及TEAM大野（知念侑李+大野智）分別拿下493分（剩餘31秒×3分）、529分（剩餘43秒×3分）、526分（剩餘42秒×3分），三隊皆打平/刷新目前紀錄。 障礙物：台場的下巴、台場的手指、把手升降機、水管、台場的肚臍、三角柱X2、台場的板條、乾冰、台場的階梯、台場的圓下巴 讓分：登頂按鈕改為100分、時間限制增加30秒、把手增多（此讓分僅給女性及小孩使用） 過去玩法 2008年9月6日前時間限制為90秒。 2008年9月20日前按鈕只有100分（藍色）和50分（粉紅色），爬手和支援者各1人 從2014年2月13日開始，剩餘秒數會乘以3，作為額外分數。（2016年1月3日至2017年8月10日的集數除外） 从2016年1月3日开始，改为可随意组合的障碍物，2017年3月23日起增加台场的板条 2018年3月8日前全取400分時，剩餘秒數會乘以3，作為額外分數。 障礙物/按鈕數目和分數 {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:small;" !||初登場||内容 |- !台場的下巴 |2013年6月13日||2015年11月12日前於左上方固定。 |- !台場的手指 |2014年11月20日||2015年11月12日前於右側頂上固定。 |- !乾冰 |2015年7月2日||2015年11月12日前有6個噴出口。 |- !把手升降機 |rowspan="3"|2016年1月3日|| |- !水管 |較厚版本於2016年3月3日登場。 |- !三角柱 |三角柱（薄）於2016年3月3日登場。 |- !台場的板條 |2017年3月23日|| |- !台場的階梯 |rowspan="2"|2018年5月10日|| |- !台場的圓下巴 || |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:small;" !||5||10||30||50||登頂按鈕分數||總分||rowspan="6"|SP||||10||30||50||100||登頂按鈕分數||總分 |- !-2008年9月6日 | -||4||2||1||rowspan="3"|100||250 !第1集 |10||5||3||1||rowspan="3"|100||600 |- !-同年12月20日 | -||8||4||1||350 !第2集 |7||6||3||2||700 |- !-2009年8月8日 | -||5||5||1||350 !第3集 |8||4||2||-||400 |- !-2010年2月18日 |8||4||1||1||rowspan="4"|50×2||260 !2009年FNS之日 |8||4||2||-||rowspan="2"|100×2||500 |- !-2011年3月3日 |8||5||2||1||300 !第4集 |8||4||1||1||550 |- !-2013年5月16日 |8||8||1||-||250 ||colspan=8 | |- !-2015年11月12日 |8||8||1||1||300 ||colspan=8 | |} 雙重冰壺（Dual Curling） 2010年10月14日（特別篇）初登場。 2018年3月29日起，兩回合皆為團體賽，單回合每隊三人時有9個冰壺，每隊四人時則為12個冰壺，其中一枚（嘉賓隊有兩枚）為雙倍分數的Double Stone，並採用更貼近冰壺規則的回合制。兩隊需在“V”字形賽道兩端分别向同一個得分區域投擲冰壺。得分區有5分（黃色）、10分（橙色）、30分（紅色）。每回合比賽時間60秒（共分為三輪，每一輪為先攻10秒加上後攻10秒）。 兩隊在兩回合中輪流先攻，每回的一輪開始時先攻隊每人分別投擲一個冰壺，後攻隊的投擲路徑則有"Keep Out"字樣擋板示意無法攻擊。10秒後"Keep Out"擋板會移動至先攻隊，表示輪到後攻隊投擲，後攻隊以同樣規則進行10秒後該輪結束。三輪完畢後該回合結束，三個得分區分別升高（此時停在高得分區未過半之冰壺會滑落至次級分區），最後留在得分區的冰壺分別計入各隊得分。 另外，在2012年的新春SP設有特別玩法，稱為"Dual Curling R"，一共有3條軌道，讓3隊同時進行比賽。 2018年7月26日夏日SP中的"Dual Curling R"亦採行回合制模式，共3輪，前2輪三隊的擋板會分別升起10秒，並在第3輪升起全部擋板10秒。 讓分：有兩枚Double Stone／往前2公尺投冰壺（此讓分僅給小孩子使用） 過去玩法 2010年12月23日前中央分數為100分。局數有兩局，分别為每隊3人的團體賽及每隊1人的個人賽。團體賽每隊有9個冰壺；個人賽每人有6個冰壺，其中一枚（團體賽嘉賓隊有兩枚）是雙倍分數的Double Stone。兩隊在比賽時間60秒內的任何時機都可以投擲冰壺。 2014年6月12日前分數為10分、30分、50分。 2018年3月29日前分數與現在相同，並有加分盒設計：得分區正中央的30分區在比賽前半單獨升起，並設有旋轉閘門，將冰壺投入其中可得30分並取回冰壺再投。 管從天降（Falling Pipe） 其中一隊派出1位代表（Pipe Catch）登上高台上，抓住由對手隨意選擇的2根快速掉落的管子。對手亦派出1名代表（Pipe Choice）在下方4個位置中選出2個管子落下的位置，並在20秒內隨意選擇落下的時機。每根管子上按長度有10（黃色）、20（綠色）、30（藍色）、50（金色）、0（白色）的標記，兩隊交替角色，滿分為100分。 曾於2016年5月19日至6月9日作為「Opening Chance」，嵐隊為Pipe Choice，對手為Pipe Catch。 讓分：2個Pipe Catch 彈珠台跑者（Pinball Runner） 2008年7月12日（第14集）初登場。 每隊派出2－6名為代表，1位擔任跑手（Runner），在移動的運輸帶上以背着的巨大籃子接住上方巨大彈珠台落下的彈珠，每接2個運輸帶便會加速。另外1－5位站在高台上擔任司令，以數字指示跑手應該接彈珠的位置，60秒後或跑手倒下時遊戲結束。黃色彈珠值10分，唯獨2個的粉紅色彈珠各值30分。（最初黃球為20分,粉球為50分)在2016新春SP增加了50分的金球。 讓分：加上使籃口窄20%的蓋子（嵐成員為跑者時使用）、增加30分的粉紅色彈珠（此讓分僅給女性及小孩使用） 巨人不能倒（Giant Crash） 2009年10月22日（特別篇）初登場 港譯弄垮巨人。 共有64個盒子，分為紅色、藍色、黃色、綠色，沒有被巨人「VS肌肉君」腳下踩著的盒子會先下降，每隊輪流在60秒內，選擇降下巨人「VS肌肉君」腳下踩著的十多個方形盒子得分，並且避免讓巨人塌下。60秒內，每隊必須降下至少1個、最多3個盒子，才可選擇pass於對手隊伍。讓巨人塌下的一方為敗。每落下一個盒子可獲20分，勝出隊伍可額外獲得100分。 也曾出現過平手的狀態。（盒子全數降下，但巨人沒有倒下）。 過去玩法 初登場時落下一個盒子可獲30分 於2010年4月8日至2014年1月3日的集數，落下一個盒子可獲10分 踢球狙擊手（Kicking Sniper） 2011年4月7日（特別篇）初登場，由二宮和也想出來的遊戲。 每隊派出3名隊員站在台上向前方輸送帶上踢球，3人按照輸送帶行進的方向按照從左往右的順序依次踢球。球是比較軟的黄色大球。輸送帶上擺放了工作人員堆好的罐子，紅色的20分、銀色的0分。隊員踢倒罐子即可獲得罐子上相應的分數，如果輸送帶上所有的罐子全部倒下，則為Perfect，可為本隊加上50分。每隊分别有5次或6次機會，每次每人有1次的射門機會。從2016年4月14日開始，若不是最後一局，分數就改為紅色罐子10分，Perfect加30分。 有時也會有二到三個人站在同一個區域（輪流射門）。 最高得分紀錄（通常玩法，6次挑戰時）為嵐隊的880分，但仍未達成全部Perfect。最低得分紀錄（通常玩法）為嵐隊的0分（有兩次）。 2020年4月30日由埼玉隊拿下該項目第一次All Perfect。（400分） 2020年10月22日嵐隊於該項目登場9年後第一次達成All Perfect（450分），且五人皆有拿下Perfect。 讓分：女性及小孩可站在距離輸送帶較近的台上踢球。（為粉色台子） 過去玩法 2011年10月20日前滿分為370分。 2014年8月14日前共有5次挑戰，每個區域只得1人。 炮打飛盤（Shotgun Disk） 2012年3月29日（特別篇）初登場，由嵐五人想的遊戲。 攻方派出4名隊員，當中1名是passer，2名是shooter，1名是receiver，passer負責將飛碟傳送給對面梯級上的shooter，梯級由近至遠分別是5、10、20、30分的區域。 shooter於遊戲期間可自由於區域間移動，但接到飛碟後只可於同一分區中傳送給receiver，receiver站在passer的上層，負責用網接收飛碟，成功接到飛碟便可得到shooter傳送時身處區域的分數。守方則派出2名隊員作為截擊，在passer的兩邊用shotgun擊落shooter傳送給receiver的飛碟。60秒後遊戲結束，兩隊互換角色1次。 2018年11月22日導入了大野智在之前期數提到的Aerobie 飛盤，並命名為大野飛盤，每隊各兩枚，接到可獲得兩倍分數。 彈跳曲棍球（Bound Hockey） 2010年4月8日（特別篇）初登場 每隊分配所有隊員站在鋸齒分佈的可移動把手前方，在巨大的滑桌上（長10m，闊3m）把飛盤用把手從一方傳送到另一方，最後一人將飛盤朝著左右移動的小門發射。進門得30分，落在門移動的坑道上得5分，其餘位置0分。另外會有2枚雙倍分數的藍色飛盤。90秒後遊戲結束。若此遊戲為特別版之決勝回合，則以之前遊戲所得的分數決定飛盤數量，每100分有一個100分的飛盤，第4、8、12、16個是要200分換取的200分藍色飛盤，進龍門可得飛盤上的分數，落在龍門移動的坑道上得0分。 2020年9月24日起移除了滑桌兩側固定式的可移動把手，改為使用Slider Smash中使用可自由移動的擊球把手。 最高得分紀錄為520。 讓分：龍門收窄、龍門移動速度增加50%。 過去玩法 2011年9月1日前進門得50分，落在門移動的坑道上得10分，其餘位置0分（最高得分紀錄為嵐隊的520分）。 2012年9月13日前進門得20分（最高得分紀錄為嵐隊的170分）。 叢林賓果（Jungle Bingo） 2010年4月8日（特別篇）初登場 開始後每隊有3個隊員進入5×5×5（曾有一次出現四人同時在迷宮裡的讓分）的巨大方型迷宮塔中尋找通行的路當有隊員爬上頂層並打開板塊離開迷宮，下一名隊員便可取代進入迷宮。頂層板塊編號1－25，中間的13號為「FREE」。限時為3分鐘，打開一格得10分，Bingo的話另外會得到50分。另一種玩法為不限時，取得Bingo遊戲便結束，所用時間較少的隊伍勝出並獲得100分 ，負方獲得10分。 最高得分紀錄為嵐隊的230分。 讓分：額外1－3個「FREE」、時間限制減少至2分鐘。 滾動海盜（Korokoro Viking） 2011年10月27日（第161集）初登場。 每隊派出6名隊員每2人一組分別站在船的兩邊，模型船分為粉紅色、綠色和橙色區域，當中以橙色區域較長，每個區域都有洞口，船的末端有橋，連接分別為5、10、20、30、50分得分區域。各組分別控制一個區域使球避開所在洞口並送往得分區。每隊有5個球，每15秒出現一個，當中第3球為雙倍分數的球，最後會有10顆較小的黃色球（黃色球沒有加倍作用），從黃色球出現後計時1分鐘比賽結束。 最高得分紀錄為嵐隊的380分，最低得分紀錄為嵐隊（共兩次）和客隊的0分。 讓分：增加洞口數量、-20分得分區域（2012年8月2日-2013年6月6日為−50分。2015年9月3日前為−30分）、球在中途掉入洞口-20分（2014年9月4日-2015年9月3日為−30分，2015年3月5日-19日集數沒有此讓分）（小黃色球除外），也曾有將嘉賓隊的得分全部改為100分。 過去玩法 2011年11月3日前洞口數量一樣。 2015年1月29日前，小黃色球出現後並沒有時間限制、亦有7球（第4和7球為金球）。 2015年3月12日小黃色球出現後時間限制為40秒。 跳躍射門（Jumping Shooter） 2008年11月29日（第34集）初登場 每隊派出2位派表，一隊扮演射手（Shooter），另一方扮演守門員（Keeper）。射手在球籃及跳床之間跑動，在球籃中取得1~3個球，以跳床越過高牆向龍門射球，但一人不能同時射多球，上方龍門進一球得30分，下方龍門進一球得20分。2名守門員分別站高台上下迎接射手的球，下方的守門員視線為高牆所遮，看不見對方的球。60秒後遊戲結束，兩隊互換角色1次。 最高得分紀錄為嵐隊的570分。 讓分：3個Shooter、增加2個粉紅球（此讓分僅給女性及小孩使用） 過去玩法 2009年1月31日前曾使用較小的球。 2010年1月21日曾一度允許一人同時射多球。 2014年8月14日前上下龍門分數都是20分。 2016年1月28日起開始使用粉紅球。 斜坡保齡球（Bank Bowling） 2009年4月10日（特別篇）初登場。 每隊派出2名投手站於高台上，向高度不一、180度迴轉的彎曲球道上投出保齡球，以擊倒地上排列成星陣的66個瓶（後期因根據研究三角形容易打出全倒而改為三角陣）。若第1次無法全中的可以再派2名投手補中，每隊各玩1-2局。66個瓶中，共有50個1分白瓶、15個10分藍瓶及1個50分的紅瓶，滿分為250分，全中加100分，並可玩第二局，補中只加100分。 成功補中隊可以有一金球作紀念。 最高得分紀錄為電影「圖書館戰爭 THE LAST MISSION」隊的350分，成功補中，這亦是Bank Bowling開始以來6年首次的補中。 讓分：保齡球放高2公尺投出、增加1個50分的紅瓶（此讓分僅給小孩子使用） 過去玩法 2012年5月24日前為星形陣。 2014年12月18日前補中額外獎勵為50分。 瓶子的擺放、數量和分數 爆谷擊球手（Popcorn Hitter） 2013年1月3日（特別篇）初登場，由嵐五人想出的遊戲。 各隊每次以3人輪流制來進行2次比賽，而每位Hitter都會站在統稱為「平底鍋」的舞台上，用球拍把合著曲子飛上來的球擊入舞台上方的得分區域的遊戲。得分區域分為紅色和藍色，擊入藍色區域可得10分；擊入紅色區域則可得30分，亦有得分雙倍的粉紅球，每隊所得的分數是3人合計的分數。 最高得分紀錄為嵐隊的310分。 讓分：增加粉紅球。 過去玩法 2013年1月3日和17日的集數中，擊入藍色區域可得10分；擊入紅色區域則可得20分，沒有粉紅球，亦較少發射口。 GoGo Sweeper 2014年7月17日（第272集）初登場。 每隊派出2人在方形球池中駕駛電動車將球推進四個角落的得分區中，將小球推進得分區得1分，將自己隊代表顏色的大球推進得分區得10分，若將對方隊代表顏色的球推進得分區則算對方得分。比賽開始後球才由兩側進入球池，比賽最後30秒為獎勵時間(Bonus Time)，會有額外4顆金色大球進入球池，將金球推進得分區得30分。比賽進行兩次，每隊共派出4人。 讓分：在最後的獎勵時間有黑球進入球池，只要任何人將黑球推進得分區，都算嵐隊-30分。 過去玩法 2014年9月11日前每次只有一組2人參與，球池亦較現時小，小球分數為2分，粉紅球分數為20分，黑球分數為嵐隊-30分（第一次除外），推進所有粉紅球會有FEVER，再次出現大量小球和4個粉紅球 2015年2月26日的集數中，金球分數為50分。 Stone Buster 2015年7月2日（特別篇）初登場。 使用類似Dual Curling的工具，以特製的棍子操作冰球，在大型球檯上進行類似撞球的遊戲，賽制為三對三選手輪替的方式對戰，共進行兩回合。球檯即遊戲的地面，設置與撞球檯相同的6個球洞，球檯上最初共有12顆球，依照兩隊代表色分為6顆藍色球和6顆紅色球，兩隊代表色的1～5號球依序排列成正三角形置於球檯中央，兩隊的6號球則擺放於球檯兩側靠近角落相對的位置。 開球時兩隊的第一棒同時將各自的6號球推向中央1～5號球的球堆（如右圖顯示），第一回合開球後通常由嘉賓隊繼續進攻，第二回合反之，每次進攻限制時間15秒，每一棒需使用己方隊伍的任何一顆球作為母球，撞擊敵方的球並使其進洞，成功進洞時該隊繼續進攻，推入己方的球或無球進洞時換另一隊進攻，任一隊伍的球從檯面上清空時，該回合結束。分數為兩回合累計，每撞入一球得30分，連續進洞為combo，每次疊加10分的加分（即第一球得30分、2combo得40分、3combo得50分...），且不論球由哪一隊推進洞，皆由該球代表色的敵方得分，但推入己方的球時將不計算combo。 過去玩法 2015年7月23日只有一個回合（所有隊員都要參加）。勝利一方剩餘的球的數量會乘以30，作為額外獎勵分數。 2015年7月16日和23日的集數每組有8個球（如右圖顯示）。 氣球射擊（Balloon Shooting） 2016年3月24日（第349集）初登場。 遊戲分為三個回合，每個回合盤面上會有等量藍色與紅色的星號圖案氣球，每隊6人共12人上場使用特製的吹箭射擊各自代表色的氣球，不論是擊中己方或誤射敵方代表色的氣球都算數，每回合先清空代表色氣球的隊伍得50分。遊戲沒有限時，將進行至其中一方的氣球清空為止。 當嵐隊plus one嘉賓為兩人以上時，每回合都會抽籤選擇一人見學，即該回合無法參與吹箭，在一旁觀看。 在2017年1月3日（新春SP）中，推出豪華版，發射區舞台為兩層樓，氣球目標有三個顏色並且為特大版盤面，為三隊同時對戰的版本。 讓分：代表嵐隊的氣球中，有一定數量會以小型氣球代替。其次嵐隊擊中藍色氣球-5分 過去玩法 初登場時，每回合分成三組目標，全隊上場使用特製的吹箭在限時內射擊每組目標中所有黃色「殺老師」圖樣的氣球，一回合30秒，每組目標清空時暫停計時，每擊中一顆黃色氣球得10分，擊中藍色氣球得0分，最後剩餘的時間以秒為單位乘以五作為額外加分，以此輪流各進行兩回合比賽。 成為常態單元後，每隊僅進行一回合，三組目標分開計時，每組限時20秒，目標則是擊中有星號圖案的黃色氣球，每擊中一顆黃色氣球得5分，擊中藍色氣球得0分，時間歸零前清空目標可得30分的額外加分。此外，氣球的排列方式也不只限於矩型，亦有移動的目標出現，且嵐隊會有小型氣球與透明氣球的讓分阻礙。 炸彈保齡球（Bomber Striker） 2017年3月23日（第395集）初登場。 各隊6人輪流進行這遊戲，按照輸送帶行進的方向按照從左往右的順序依次投出籃球花樣的保齡球（不同颜色不同磅数，紫色11磅、黄色12磅、绿色13磅、红色7磅），輸送帶上擺放了工作人員堆好的保齡球瓶，和Kicking Sniper相似，有代表20分的紅色瓶和0分的白色瓶。隊員需要用保齡球擊中瓶子，瓶子倒下則得該瓶分數，如果輸送帶上所有的瓶全部倒下，則為perfect，獲得50分的額外加分。每隊分別有6組目標，每組目標每人有1次的投球機會。 與Kicking Sniper相同，若不是最後一局，紅色瓶10分，Perfect加30分。 2018年1月3日起若作為最後遊戲且兩隊分差較大時會增加金色瓶，分數為100分。 All Perfect紀錄： 445集-團體追逐賽隊(2018年5月1日播出、1000分) 464集-嵐+坂上忍隊(2018年10月11日播出、1500分。六人按照1→6→2→5→3→4的順序各拿一個Perfect) 468集-北關東隊(2018年11月15日播出、1300分) 480集-舞台劇「偽義經冥界歌」隊(2019年2月28日播出、1000分) 486集-嵐+足球時間隊(2019年4月25日播出、1000分) 492集-模仿藝人隊(2019年6月6日播出、1000分) 516集-福岡軟銀鷹隊(2020年1月3日播出、1000分) Circle Hunter 2018年3月15日（第439集）初登場，初時名為《追逐吧！JAPAN》，後於2018年4月12日（第442集）升格為常規遊戲，並改名為Circle Hunter。 目前此單元已經以常規遊戲方式運行，有符合常規遊戲的命名和專屬單元LOGO，但未被新增在VS嵐的官方網頁遊戲列表中。 遊戲以1對1形式進行，分為追逐者和逃跑者。遊戲場地為一個圓形軌道，中央有三片遮蔽視線的檔板，並且有兩個可以在軌道上自由移動的座椅，兩名玩家要透過踩踏軌道內緣的環形平台使座椅移動，進行追逐遊戲。逃跑者座椅兩旁有氣球，而追逐者座椅兩旁有針，用以刺穿逃跑者的氣球。 逃跑者如能在30秒內使氣球免於被追逐者刺穿，便能獲得30分。相反，追逐者如能在30秒內刺穿逃跑者任何一邊的氣球，便會獲得剩餘時間的3倍分數。 讓分：如逃跑者為女性，追逐者為男性，則遊戲限時為20秒。 Slider Smash 2019年1月3日（第473集）新春豪華3小時SP初登場。 每隊派出3人，各自負責防守巨大半圓形球檯的三個區域：球檯下方中間的中央部位、兩端的側翼，以及上方的攻擊手位。 隊員需將檯面上的圓盤擊入敵隊防守區域的溝槽內獲取積分，每進一球可獲得20分。 遊戲共進行兩回合，每回合限時90秒。遊戲開始後每經過約10秒會從兩側的發球區左右輪流發射新的圓盤至場中，剩下20秒時發射間隔縮短為5秒。 遊戲途中會發射出兩枚加分圓盤，可獲得雙倍分數。 時間結束即停止發球，但遊戲會持續進行至檯面清空為止。 讓分：女性可與其他隊員防守同一區塊。 Wall Hitter 2019年3月28日（第482集）初登場，前身為2019年2月28日的特別企劃「箭矢之嵐」，在該企劃結束後成員大野智表示可以常規化，因而誕生。 於2019年5月30日（第491集）進行改版。 每隊6人按照順序以弓箭射擊前方圓環裝置上的分數標靶。 遊戲共進行五回合，每回合圓環裝置上皆會設置複數標靶，將於圓環上移動的標靶擊落即可獲得相對應分數。 將該回合標靶全數擊落可額外獲得30分。 過去玩法 每隊6人按照順序以弓箭射擊分數標靶，將標靶擊落即可獲得相對應分數。 遊戲共進行五回合，每回合皆會升起複數標靶，進行至第五回合時會將之前未擊落的標靶全數升起。 擊落所有標靶可額外獲得100分。 上述規則僅適用於2019年3月28日（第482集）該期，因反應難度過高修正為目前玩法。 Downhill Shooter 2020年3月26日（第527集）初登場。 遊戲場景為一個緩坡造型的巨大檯面，檯面上會隨機升起數個標記有分數的Up Down球門，分數越高則球門離越窄越遠，離玩家最遠的檯面底端有類似Bound Hockey的Bonus球門，在每回合的最後橫向移動出現。 2020年4月30日起，遊戲共進行五回合，每回合可分為兩個階段。 第一階段為10秒，Up Down球門會隨機升起數個，玩家每人要在挑戰時間內投擲一個類似Slider Smash的紅色球盤進入球門，當一個球盤進入球門時就會下降收起，但在完全收起前進入球門的球盤都為有效得分。此外，前一回合停留在斜坡上的球盤若經過該回合投擲的球盤撞擊而進入球門也為有效得分。 第二階段只有被指派為Ace的一名玩家可以進行挑戰，該回合未進球的Up Down球門仍保持升起，並由檯面最遠端的左或右側出現一個橫向移動的Bonus球門，若Ace將特製的黑色球盤投入球門，則可將第一階段的得分變成兩倍，可獲得的分數也會標註在Bonus球門上方的電子螢幕。但若投入Up Down球門則只會得到該球門分數。 讓分：初登場時因嘉賓隊落後較多分數，因此准許指派兩名Ace，使分數最多翻為三倍。 過去玩法 2020年3月26日（第527集）初登場時，第一階段玩家每人可在10秒內投擲兩個紅色球盤，進入第二階段時所有Up Down球門都會全部收起。 特別企劃 特別企劃的共同點是單元大多不會以純英文命名，嵐的成員在單元開始的台詞通常會加注特別企劃語句，其單元主要有2種類型。 1.靜態遊戲：此類型單元雖然有正式名稱且部分單元已多次在節目中登場，但因為類型為靜態的問答遊戲，因此未被列入VS嵐官方網站的常規遊戲列表中，屬於此類的遊戲如下。 2.番宣遊戲：此類型單元的遊戲大多會配合該集嘉賓設計，並可能會使用與番宣主題相似的語句命名該遊戲，此外有部分遊戲因為受到熱烈迴響，進而更名並調整規則成為常規遊戲。 特別節目單元 以下單元是獨立進行，僅在SP節目時舉辦的項目，通常於常規節目後半段播出，或獨立為一集SP節目。以下僅列出播出兩次以上的特別節目單元。 年度MDA決定 在2012～2015年間的3或4月份舉行，目的是選出前一年的MMDA（Most Most Dame Arashi，年度表現最差的嵐）。 內容主要會輪流播放嵐各個成員認為表現最好的回顧VCR片段，並且會由成員本人對該段VCR錄製旁白，但隨後就會播放由工作人員剪輯的對應成員表現最差的VCR片段。 節目最後會由嵐事先對彼此秘密投票，選出一位年度MMDA成員，五位成員分別站在兩層樓的高台等候宣布，最終被選為MMDA的成員，其舞台地面會向下打開，並墜落底下的海綿池，與常規的MDA不同，MMDA時的下層海綿池會沾上額外的顏料或粉末，使墜落的成員被染成全黑或任何顏色。 Bet de 嵐 首次登場於2012年3月29日（2012春之嵐祭SP），並自2012年起每年會有一回以「Bet de 嵐SP」名義獨立播出的SP節目。 每一輪會指定嵐兩名成員或嵐全員參與各種項目的競賽，嘉賓兩人一組，需預估競賽的勝者，並按壓對應顏色的按鈕進行預測，預測成功則獲得分數（初登場時，嘉賓需要使用同Rolling Coin Tower的硬幣對競賽結果進行下注，押對結果獲得分數，押錯則沒收硬幣），最終分數最高者獲勝。 對決項目不乏多種範疇的棚內對決（射擊、飛行機操控、紙飛機競賽、積木疊高等）和棚外對決（接球比賽、水池競速、遊樂設施競賽等）。 BABA嵐（ババ嵐） 最初為「Bet de 嵐」中的一固定項目，現在已獨立為特別節目單元，單元名稱以抽鬼牌的日文「ババ抜」與「嵐」組成。 顧名思義是一場抽鬼牌的對決，透過5輪的抽鬼牌對決，選出該屆的「最弱王」。 單元分為預賽A～D四組（初期為A～C三組）與決賽。預賽為每一組4人的抽鬼牌對決，每一組最終持有鬼牌的人晉級決賽。決賽為A～D組選出的四位晉級者與上一屆最弱王進行5人的抽鬼牌對決，最終持有鬼牌者為該屆「最弱王」。 2016年10月13日起，遊戲設計有洗牌時間（Shuffle Time） 僅限當下持有鬼牌的選手，可以用腳秘密踩下位於右腳附近的黃色按鈕啟動洗牌時間，啟動時會從攝影棚上方向遊戲的桌面中央落下一顆骰子，全體選手需依照骰子丟出的結果交換手牌。 每一輪比賽中，每位選手只能啟動洗牌時間一次，且剩餘2人時無法使用洗牌時間。 至2018年1月3日（新春SP）為止，選手將依照座位被標記A～D（決賽時為A～E），骰子使用「O↔O」的模式，被擲出的兩位選手進行手牌互換（如:擲出「A↔C」時，座位A與C的兩位選手交換手牌）。 在2018年4月12日（10週年SP）開始，骰子使用「左1」、「右1」、「對面」與骷髏符號的模式。「左(右)1」表示全體向座位左(右)方1個序位傳遞手牌；「對面」表示全體向其座位對面交換手牌；骷髏符號表洗牌失敗，不會進行手牌交換。 「最弱王」需要戴上專屬白色帽子、背後繡有「最弱」字樣的白色西裝外套與三叉戟樣貌的手杖，通常在節目最後由上一屆最弱王交接給新一屆最弱王。 嵐-1大賽（嵐-1 グランプリ） 於2018年7月26日（夏日SP）中，首次獨立為特別節目單元登場，並以類似「Bet de 嵐」的方式進行遊戲。單元名稱改自「F-1 Grand Prix」。 每次由嵐數名成員與其他藝人組成4人組合進行某一項目的對決，來賓須觀看VTR並下注第一名與最後一名。 押中第一名得30分，押中最後一名得20分，最終分數最高者獲勝。 過去的環節 部分常規遊戲在2015年後陸續減少登場頻率，但仍在VS嵐官方網站中被列出。 此部份僅列出曾以常規遊戲正式登場，而後被移除於官方網站的單元。 捕球橋（Catching Bridge） 於2008年4月19日節目第二集起登場，並在2008年7月19日「彈珠台跑者（Pinball Runner）」登場後的隔週最後一次進行。 遊戲場景為巨大海綿池上方設有獨木橋，且橋的正對面為多台發球機，玩家要在獨木橋上來回移動接住發球機迎面發射的球。 常規發射的球有10分的黃球與30分的粉紅球，但每漏接一顆粉紅球就會觸發警報並於3秒後發射一顆超高速的黑球，接住黑球可獲得50分。 玩家要以戴上特製手套的雙手抓住球，該球才計分，僅單手觸摸到球時不算分。 若玩家在獨木橋讓失去平衡或被球擊落橋下而落入海綿池時，遊戲提前結束。 此遊戲中的球現在在「彈珠台跑者（Pinball Runner）」的遊戲中使用。 危險衝浪（Dangerous Surfer） 於2008年9月13日僅放送一次的遊戲。 遊戲場景為巨大海綿池上方設有斷橋狀軌道，一名玩家站在滾輪滑板上，另一名玩家要推動滑板在軌道上前進，進行類似真人推啤酒的遊戲。 每次滑行停止時，根據滑板上的指針停留位置，獲得斷橋側面標記的分數，若該分數格設有任務時需要完成其內容（類似真心話大冒險的簡單任務），且斷橋側面的分數配置由敵隊自由排列組合。 若滑板滑行超過斷橋終點時，玩家就會落入底下的海綿池，並計為0分。 砲擊軌道接龍（Bazooka Train） 於2009年11月12日僅放送一次的遊戲。 此遊戲為兩隊同時進行對決，成員分成狙擊手與運送員，每隊派出1名狙擊手站在高台上進行交替軌道鏢靶的射擊，標靶上畫有各種形狀的軌道以及使敵方得到軌道的圖示，除了狙擊手之外其餘成員負責將運輸帶送來的軌道接在前一個軌道上讓火車前進，可依照情況給予狙擊手指示所需要的軌道形狀，請求狙擊手射擊軌道標靶取得軌道，場中放置100分、50分、-30分的隧道以及100分、50分、30分、0分的火車月台，讓軌道通過隧道的隊伍即可得到隧道所標示的分數，此外，讓火車抵達月台的隊伍可獲得月台所標示的分數。 此遊戲中的火箭砲現在在「炮打飛盤（Shotgun Disk）」的遊戲中使用。 海外播放情況 香港TVB集數對照 香港TVB粵語配音 Astro全佳HD集數對照 2015年8月21日起每周五 21:00 - 22:00 时段播出 原音以及配有华语和英文字幕播出 参考文献 外部連結 官方網頁 節目的變遷 嵐 富士電視台綜藝節目 緯來電視外購節目 無綫電視外購節目 遊戲節目 2008年日本電視節目
Billy Lee Chadd (born 1954) is an American serial killer and rapist. Raised by two alcoholics, he began committing crimes at a young age, first getting into trouble with the law for a rape he committed when he was 15. Between 1974 and 1978, he raped and fatally stabbed two women in California. After being arrested for those crimes, he confessed to murdering a man at an apartment in Nevada and a male hitchhiker in Kansas, the latter claim never being verified. Initially sentenced to death for one of his murders, his sentence was appealed, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment at his retrial. He is now serving his sentences at a California state prison. Early life Billy Lee Chadd was born in San Diego in 1954. His mother and stepfather were both alcoholics. At an early age, his friends taught him how to steal, and he got away with multiple car thefts. When he was 15, he met his future wife. In July 1970, Chadd was arrested for rape. He was found guilty and sentenced to two years in juvenile detention based on the victim's testimony and a partial footprint found in her driveway. He escaped from the California Youth Authority (CYA) twice. After his second escape, he knocked on the door of a house. When a woman answered the door, Chadd claimed that his car had broken down and requested to use her phone. The woman refused, explaining that her husband was at work, and she never let strangers into her house while she was alone. When Chadd heard that she was home alone, he decided to break into her home through the front door using a brick he retrieved earlier. Once inside, he found the woman in her bathroom and grabbed her by the hair, dragging her into her bedroom. There, he pushed the victim onto her bed and took off her clothes at knifepoint. After pulling his own pants down, he froze, dropping his knife. A few seconds later, he picked up his knife, told her to stay on the bed, and left the house. A short time later, he was transferred to CYA's Youth Training School, where he attempted suicide by hanging. He was subsequently sent to Atascadero State Hospital, where he claimed to have had his first homosexual experience. He also first used drugs there. Later crimes Murders On the evening of July 27, 1974, Chadd broke into a residence in Linda Vista, intending to burglarize it. However, after noticing the home's occupant, 30-year-old Patricia Franklin, in her bathtub, he became aroused. He proceeded to bind Franklin's hands and feet with a drapery cord, blindfolded her with a towel, and forced her into her bedroom. There, he raped her multiple times vaginally, anally, and orally. During the ordeal, Chadd nearly bit off one of her nipples. He later strangled Franklin and stabbed her 15 times with a steak knife, killing her. Afterwards, he ransacked the home before leaving. Franklin's body was soon discovered by her roommate. Investigators found one fingerprint at the crime scene, but unable to connect it to Chadd, the case became inactive. On August 7, 1975, Chadd met Delmar Bright, a 29-year-old busboy for a hotel in Las Vegas. Chadd stated that Bright offered him $20 and a six-pack of beer in exchange for Chadd posing nude. Chadd agreed, and the two went to Bright's apartment. Once they arrived, Bright asked Chadd to tie him up with extension cords. He obliged, telling Bright to lie on his stomach, after which he tied the man's hands together. He then retrieved another cord and wrapped it around his neck in a slip knot. Chadd asked Bright for one reason not to kill him. Bright thought he was joking until Chadd showed him his knife. Chadd proceeded to cut the victim's throat and strangled him to death. Afterwards, he masturbated before cleaning the apartment in an attempt to get rid of forensic evidence. Then, he left the apartment and hailed a taxi. On February 15, 1978, Chadd raped and murdered Linda Hewitt at the house she was babysitting for in National City. He bound Hewitt, who was with her 9-month-old son, with a drapery cord, and raped her. At one point, he picked up her son by the hair, threatening to harm him if Hewitt did not sexually satisfy him. He then stabbed her several times, the fatal wound being to her throat. One hour later, shortly after noon, the two kids she was babysitting returned home and discovered her body. They alerted their neighbor, who called the police. Hewitt was last seen alive at a drugstore. The store's clerk witnessed a man with her, who he described as a short, clean shaven man with short hair in his early 20s who had a medium-build. He also wore a t-shirt and jeans. Rapes Chadd, a member of the Marine Corps, was working as an orderly attendant, tasked with collecting background information on Marine patients, at the Balboa Hospital in San Diego. While on the job, he noticed a wife and daughter visiting their father, a patient with a terminal illness. After sifting through medical records, he found their address. On the night of March 31, 1978, Chadd, armed with a bowie knife, broke into their Chula Vista home by cutting through a screen window. Once inside, he made his way to the wife's bedroom and demanded that the woman to take off her bathrobe. He proceeded to tie her up with a drapery cord and cut off her underwear with his knife. Over the course of three hours, he raped the victim twice as her family slept upstairs. He eventually allowed her to dress, and left the knife on the dresser. The woman lunged for the knife and screamed for her family. The first to enter the room was her 17-year-old daughter. Chadd had already wrestled his knife away from the woman, and ordered the daughter to bring the rest of the family into the bedroom. After the woman's mother, father, and three youngest children went into the bedroom, Chadd ordered them to sit on the bed, and ordered the 17-year-old girl to tie them up. Afterwards, he forced the girl into the living room, where he raped her. He later cut lamp cords and returned to the bedroom to bound the feet of the family members. He then raped the girl a second time. At approximately 5 a.m., Chadd forced the mother and daughter into his car parked in front of the house. Planning to kill them, he drove to a secluded dirt road near Route 94. However, the road became muddy due to rain, making him unable to drive along it. Because of this, he let the victims go. Arrest On the same week as the Chula Vista rapes, Chadd was arrested in Lafayette, Louisiana. He became a suspect after his two rape victims recalled seeing their attacker, who they recognized as a marine, at Balboa Hospital before they were attacked. Chadd had once approached the mother and asked her to fill in her name and address for a benefits form. Fingerprints subsequently connected him to the murders of Franklin and Hewitt. When detectives presented the evidence to him, he confessed to their murders, Bright's murder – who authorities previously charged serial killer Wayne Donald Horton with – and a fourth murder of a male hitchhiker in June 1974. Chadd claimed to have bludgeoned the hitchhiker to death with a rock in Ellsworth, Kansas, before throwing him and his dog into a nearby creek. Although Chadd was able to identify the creek on a map, a search of the area yielded no results, and police were unable to find any matching homicides or missing person reports to Chadd's confession. Legal proceedings While imprisoned, he wrote, "Dark Secrets," a 57-page autobiography detailing his life and crimes. Intending to publish and make a profit from it, the manuscript was instead taken as evidence for his trial. In 1979, Chadd changed his plea from innocent to guilty, and was sentenced to death for Hewitt's murder and received a life sentence for Franklin's murder, as the death penalty was deemed unconstitutional at the time of that crime. Although Chadd had originally been adamant about receiving the death penalty, he decided that he wanted to live after being convicted. The California Supreme Court ordered a retrial because Chadd changed his plea against his lawyer's wishes, and the court deemed that defendants can not plea guilty to capital crimes if their lawyers object. After receiving a life sentence in Nevada for murdering Delmar Bright, he again pleaded guilty to Franklin and Hewit's murders in exchange for the prosecution not to seeking a death sentence. In all he received three life sentences in prison for the murders and an additional 13 years for the Chula Vista rapes and kidnappings. He is now imprisoned at Mule Creek State Prison. See also Capital punishment in California List of serial killers in the United States References 1954 births Living people American serial killers American male criminals American people convicted of murder American people convicted of rape American prisoners sentenced to death 20th-century American criminals People convicted of murder by California Prisoners sentenced to death by California Criminals from California People from San Diego Serial killers from California Serial killers from Nevada United States Marines
血清促甲状腺激素检查？血清促甲状腺激素是垂体前叶分泌的主要激素之一。促进甲状腺生长发育，调节甲状腺素的合成和分泌，促进甲状腺激素的合成和分泌。但是如果甲状腺已经被破坏，它就不能产生这种效果。由于血清促甲状腺激素水平与血清T4的密切负反馈关系，血清促甲状腺激素已成为甲亢和甲减诊断的重要一线指标。因此，血清甲状腺激素和促甲状腺素的结合可确定甲状腺功能异常的原因，有助于制定有效的治疗方案。甲状腺激素升高，血清促甲状腺激素降低，在甲状腺疾病引起的原发性甲状腺功能亢进症中更为常见，如弥漫性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤等。甲状腺激素以促甲状腺激素升高为主，多为原发性甲状腺功能减退，如甲状腺亢进。促甲状腺激素（TSH）是垂体分泌的一种重要激素。其生理功能是促进甲状腺激素的发育、合成和分泌。促甲状腺激素的分泌受促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）的兴奋性和生长因子抑制的影响，并受甲状腺素负反馈的调节。TSH的参考范围为2-10μm/L，是诊断原发性和继发性甲状腺功能减退的重要指标。目前，FT3、FT4和TSH被认为是评价甲状腺功能的首选指标。促甲状腺激素产生于垂体前叶的特异性嗜碱性细胞。促甲状腺激素释放是促甲状腺激素生理作用的中心调节机制。能刺激促甲状腺激素的产生和分泌，具有增殖作用。促甲状腺激素试验是一种鉴别甲状腺功能的筛选试验。促甲状腺激素是检测甲状腺功能的一个非常敏感和特异的指标。特别适用于下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺中枢调节环功能障碍的早期检测或消除。促甲状腺激素正常参考值为0.3-4.5uiu/ml，促甲状腺激素的增加和减少可以反映甲状腺功能的异常。需要进一步检查以查明原因。
肝硬化出血的原因？肝硬化患者出血，往往是病情危重的表现，来势凶猛，短时间内就可能发生急性循环衰竭而危及生命，肝硬化出血主要是见于胃及十二指肠以及门静脉高压引起的食道，胃底静脉血管破裂，发生出血的原因为如下几种情况：1、肝硬化时，肝脏的合成功能受到影响，凝血因子生成减少。2、血小板数量减少及功能异常。严重肝硬化时往往伴有脾大和脾功能亢进，使大量血小板滞留脾内，破坏加快。另外肝硬化时骨髓功能受抑制，也可使血小板的数量减少，功能异常。3、抗凝物质增多。肝素是重要的抗凝物质，肝硬化时肝脏合成肝素酶减少，使血循环中肝素增多，血液不易凝固。4、纤维蛋白溶解增加。肝硬化时，肝脏不能有效地清除纤维蛋白酶的激活物，血液中纤维蛋白酶增加，增加了纤维蛋白的溶解。5、血管损伤。肝硬化时血管内皮损伤，毛细血管通透性增加而易发生出血。肝硬化时还由于门静脉压力增高，食管与胃底静脉曲张，易被损伤而破裂出血。6、弥漫性血管内凝血。肝硬化时单核巨噬细胞系统功能障碍，不能有效清除促凝物质，再加血管内皮受损，激活凝血系统，发生广泛的血管内凝血，需要消耗大量的血小板和凝血因子，可致凝血功能障碍。同时凝血还可致继发性纤维蛋白溶解增强，使血液由高凝状态转化为低凝状态而发生出血。肝硬化患者出血，往往是病情危重的表现，来势凶猛，短时间内就可能发生急性循环衰竭而危及生命，肝硬化出血主要是见于胃及十二指肠以及门静脉高压引起的食道，胃底静脉血管破裂。
刺魟星雲（Hen 3-1357）是已知最年輕的行星狀星雲（PN）。刺魟星雲位於南天天壇座的方向上，距離18,000光年。雖然它的大小約為太陽系的130倍，但只有其它已知行星狀星雲大小的1/10左右。大約40年前，我們觀察到它還只是一顆氣體還沒有變熱和電離的原行星狀星雲。在《自然》這本雜誌上，博布朗斯基（Bobrowsky）等人描述了哈伯太空望遠鏡是如何發現刺魟星雲15等的中心恆星和17等的伴星。此處的刺魟星雲影像顯示從中央恆星持續流出的光，是如何的與氣體的外殼。這是一個很重要的觀察，因為還沒有很好的了解這些光流出時是如何變得如此准直的過程。 歷史 在發現刺魟星雲之前，它的中央恆星被稱為He3-1357，卡爾·海因茲在1967年該星分類為A或B型Hα譜線恆星。在1971年觀測到這是一顆原行星（PPNe），而它似乎是一顆漸近巨星支（AGB）的B1超巨星。1989年，IUE發現這顆恆星有行星狀星雲（PN）的發射線（Parthasarathy et al. 1993）。由於星雲是新形成的，而且非常的小，地面觀測無法解析它；博布朗斯基使用哈伯太空望遠鏡觀測，發現了這個星雲，並將它命名為"刺魟星雲"（"Stingray Nebula"）。 行星狀星雲核 在1995年，行星狀星雲中央星（PNN）被觀測為DA白矮星，在1987至1995年之間，它的亮度似乎下降了3個因次。估計PNN的質量為，並且有一個相距0.3弧秒的伴星；估計星雲的質量為，亮度是 。 這顆中央恆星的不尋常之處在於它的光度在20年間變暗。它的溫度上升了40,000°C，一個解釋是它經歷了一次氦閃。 圖集 註解 10.75 apparent magnitude - 5 * (log10(5.6 kpc distance) - 1) = -3.0 absolute magnitude 參考資料 外部連結 The Scale of the Universe (Astronomy Picture of the Day 2012 March 12) Stingray Nebula at Constellation Guide 行星狀星雲 天壇座 ? ?
Marie-Rose Astié de Valsayre (pen names, Jehan des Etrivières and la mère Marthe; 1846–1939) was a French violinist, feminist, nurse and writer, who is remembered for attempting to overturn legislation prohibiting women to wear trousers and for a fencing duel she had with an American woman. After studying medicine, she had provided emergency services during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. In 1889, she created the Ligue de l'Affranchissement des femmes (League of Women's Enfranchisement) calling for women to be added to the electoral lists. Early life and education Born in Paris on 30 August 1846, Marie Rose de Valsayre was the daughter of parents who had been ruined by the French Revolution. After her father had emigrated to the United States, she was brought up by her mother. She studied music, first under her mother's guidance, later in the hands of professional tutors. By the time she was 13, she was a competent violinist and was beginning to compose pieces for piano. Unusually for her day, she also studied medicine, allowing her to serve as a nurse in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Professional life Astié stood out as a woman who was unwilling to accept the conventions of the times. She rode a bicycle and dressed as a man. As Jehan des Etrivières, in 1882 she published Les Amazones du siècle, ridiculing a number of feminists including Hubertine Auclert, Eugénie Potonié-Pierre and Léonie Rouzade. From 1885, she became a critic on literature and education for La Citoyenne. Under the pen name Jean Misère, she wrote the patriotic Le Retour de l'exilé, telling the story of a Parisian soldier returning from Sedan. As early as 1880, she began work on a number of feminist issues, including an attempt to overturn legislation preventing women from wearing trousers. In 1886, she sparked a media controversy by duelling another woman, an American, sparked by a debate regarding whether French women doctors or American women doctors were superior. France won the duel, leaving the American, Miss Shelby, slightly injured. This established her, notoriously, as a fencer and duellist. While duels were not uncommon, they were a tradition only of men. Yet Astié went on to establish a women's fencing association. In 1887, as a delegate for Le Suffrage des femmes, at the congress of the Union fédérative du centre, together with Marie Bonnevial she presented a resolution titled "À travail égal, salaire égal" (For equal work, equal pay). On 1 July 1887, she sent a petition to the Deputies and the Police Prefecture requesting repeal of the ordinance of 1800, which prevented women from wearing trousers. According to her, bulky women's clothes of the time condemned women to accidents and sometimes death. Her several attempts failed. In 1889, she ran as a candidate in the municipal elections, and founded the Ligue socialiste des femmes (the Socialist League of Women) and then, in the summer of 1890, the Ligue de l'Affranchissement des femmes (League of Women's Enfranchisement). It set out to fight "all injustices for which women are victimes in all classes of society" and had radical demands: equal pay, access for women to all studies and professions, and women's suffrage. At a well attended public meeting of the League on 3 February 1891, a motion was adopted calling on all theatre directors and newspaper and journal editors to ensure that women's salaries were equal to those for men on the basis of same work, same pay. In 1892, under the pseudonym "la mère Marthe", she published L'Aisance par l'économie, a practical guide for intelligent working housewives. The same year, with the support of the 6th arrondissement of Paris, she clubbed together with other groups of feminists to establish the Fédération française des sociétés fëministes. From 1897 to 1901, she directed a newspaper, that she had created, and published many books under the pseudonym "Jehan des Etrivières" until her death in 1939. See also Feminism in France References 1846 births 1939 deaths French feminists French suffragists Health professionals from Paris 19th-century French nobility French women nurses 19th-century French women violinists French composers Writers from Paris French socialist feminists 20th-century French women politicians 19th-century pseudonymous writers 20th-century pseudonymous writers Pseudonymous women writers
阴茎上起皮是怎么回事？阴茎是男性更重要的生殖器官。如果阴茎有问题，对男性朋友的伤害很大。阴茎是男性的重要性器官，有性交，有排尿和射精。阴茎主要由两个阴茎海绵体和一个尿道海绵组成，外部面包基于基底筋膜和皮肤。男性朋友的阴茎脱皮有很多原因，如外界环境的影响，包皮过长，或不洁性交等，都会导致男性朋友的阴茎出现脱皮现象，除了感染葡萄球菌外，大肠埃希氏菌，霉菌，毛滴虫病，链球菌，白色念珠菌或其他细菌也会引起阴茎脱皮的症状，如果男性朋友患有过多的包皮，并且日常生活中没有清洁，那里是包皮和龟头之间的一种不洁物体，即包皮垢，它会在很长一段时间后积聚，刺激局部包皮并引起粘膜发生。炎。过敏性包皮龟头炎必须口服抗过敏药物和外用药膏。如果包茎或包皮水肿不能逆转，引流不顺畅，一般炎症治疗无法解决，可行包皮切口，以利于引流。在炎症完全消退后，进行包皮环切术。如果阴茎出现脱皮现象，有必要及时到正规医院进行全面检查，并在确诊病因和病因后进行针对性治疗，以免造成更严重的伤害，患者应同时接受阴茎治疗。清洁并保持阴茎部分干燥是有益的，这有利于疾病的恢复。男性朋友的阴茎部分脱落的原因有很多。每个人都详细介绍了具体细节。希望可以帮助你，找出原因并确认病情，然后做有针对性的治疗。理想的治疗效果，了解病因也有助于我们预防阴茎脱皮。平时还是要多锻炼身体，养成良好的生活习惯。不要吃辛辣刺激的食物，尤其是辣椒之类的，海鲜类容易过敏的也不要吃，注意戒烟戒酒。
人工性荨麻疹怎么回事？人工荨麻疹看起来好像一种皮肤划痕，所以有的时候把人工荨麻疹叫做是皮肤划痕症。得了人工荨麻疹这种毛病之后，皮肤对于外界非常弱的机械刺激都会引起很大的反应，外界刺激可以使得皮肤生成一种风团。人工荨麻疹任何年龄阶段都有可能发病。这种疾病得病之后病人皮肤在受到轻微的搔抓或者是使用了紧束腰带以及袜带之后皮肤上就会出现一些比较骚样的风团。人工性荨麻疹是生活中很常见的一个皮肤疾病，主要就是因为对于外界的环境刺激过敏而引发的，主要发作在人体的皮肤表面，特别是腰部靠近衣物的地方皮肤敏感发作的更加频繁症状也更严重，局部皮肤瘙痒异常，用手抓挠以后会有片状的风团出现。得了人工性荨麻疹应该及时去正规的诊所或者是医院让医生检查一下，确诊以后使用药物调理治疗，很快就可以恢复正常。得了人工性荨麻疹只要积极使用药物调理治疗，很快就能够治愈。在用药治疗的同时最好还是排查一下过敏源，以后生活中也要多注意一些，不要接触容易产生过敏的刺激性东西，也不能吃容易过敏的食物。得了人工性荨麻疹的患者可以使用抗过敏的药物治疗，效果很明显，坚持治疗两三天就可以恢复。人工性荨麻疹在用药治疗期间也应该注意好饮食健康和个人的身体卫生，勤洗澡勤换洗衣物，穿宽松透气性好的衣服，也不要频繁用手抓挠患病部位，保持心情舒畅不要有太大的精神压力也不能过度劳累。治疗期间注意饮食清淡点，戒烟戒酒，多喝水多吃新鲜的富含丰富维生素的水果蔬菜，不能吃太多辛辣刺激热性大的食物，注意劳逸结合。在患病的时期应该积极的寻找和去除导致发病的病因，平时不要吃动物蛋白性食物和海鲜发物，不吃辛辣刺激性食物，不饮酒，患者在饮食上的保健非常的重要，平时还要规律生活，规律作息。平日应放宽心态，不应该给自己太重的思想包袱，要知道身体的好坏，与心理因素也有很大的关系。平时保持好睡眠，作息时间，给身体一个良好的修复环境。
Manila ( , ; , ), officially the City of Manila (, ), is the capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on the island of Luzon, it is classified as a highly urbanized city. As of 2019, it is the world's most densely populated city proper. It was the first chartered city in the country, and was designated as such by the Philippine Commission Act No. 183 on July 31, 1901. It became autonomous with the passage of Republic Act No. 409, "The Revised Charter of the City of Manila", on June 18, 1949. Manila is considered to be part of the world's original set of global cities because its commercial networks were the first to extend across the Pacific Ocean and connect Asia with the Spanish Americas through the galleon trade; when this was accomplished, it was the first time an uninterrupted chain of trade routes circling the planet had been established. Manila is among the most-populous and fastest-growing cities in Southeast Asia. By 1258, a Tagalog-fortified polity called Maynila existed on the site of modern Manila. On June 24, 1571, after the defeat of the polity's last indigenous Rajah Sulayman in the Battle of Bangkusay, Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi began constructing the walled fortification Intramuros on the ruins of an older settlement from whose name the Spanish-and-English name Manila derives. Manila was used as the capital of the captaincy general of the Spanish East Indies, which included the Marianas, Guam and other islands, and was controlled and administered for the Spanish crown by Mexico City in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Today, Manila has many historic sites. In modern times, the name "Manila" is commonly used to refer to the whole metropolitan area, the greater metropolitan area, and the city proper. Metro Manila, the officially defined metropolitan area, is the capital region of the Philippines, and includes the much-larger Quezon City and the Makati Central Business District. It is the most-populous region in the country, one of the most-populous urban areas in the world, and one of the wealthiest regions in Southeast Asia. The city proper was home to 1,846,513 people in 2020, and is the historic core of a built-up area that extends well beyond its administrative limits. With , Manila is the most densely populated city proper in the world. The Pasig River flows through the middle of the city, dividing it into north and south sections. The city comprises 16 administrative districts and is divided into six political districts for the purposes of representation in the Congress of the Philippines and the election of city council members. In 2018, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila as an "Alpha-" global city, and ranked it seventh in economic performance globally and second regionally, while the Global Financial Centres Index ranks Manila 79th in the world. Manila is also the world's second-most natural disaster exposed city, yet is also among the fastest developing cities in Southeast Asia. Etymology Maynilà, the Filipino name for the city, comes from the phrase may-nilà, meaning "where indigo is found". Nilà is derived from the Sanskrit word nīla (), which refers to indigo dye and, by extension, to several plant species from which this natural dye can be extracted. The name Maynilà was probably bestowed because of the indigo-yielding plants that grow in the area surrounding the settlement rather than because it was known as a settlement that traded in indigo dye. Indigo dye extraction only became an important economic activity in the area in the 18th century, several hundred years after Maynila settlement was founded and named. Maynilà eventually underwent a process of Hispanicization and adopted the Spanish name Manila. May-nilad According to an antiquated, inaccurate, and now debunked etymological theory, the city's name originated from the word may-nilad (meaning "where nilad is found"). There are two versions of this false etymology. One popular incorrect notion is that the old word nilad refers to the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) that grows on the banks of the Pasig River. This plant species, however, was only recently introduced into the Philippines from South America and therefore could not be the source of the toponym for old Manila. Another incorrect etymology arose from the observation that, in Tagalog, nilád or nilár refers to a shrub-like tree (Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea; formerly Ixora manila Blanco) that grows in or near mangrove swamps. Linguistic analysis, however, shows the word Maynilà is unlikely to have developed from this term. It is unlikely native Tagalog speakers would completely drop the final consonant /d/ in nilad to arrive at the present form Maynilà. As an example, nearby Bacoor retains the final consonant of the old Tagalog word bakoód ("elevated piece of land"), even in old Spanish renderings of the placename (e.g., Vacol, Bacor). Historians Ambeth Ocampo and Joseph Baumgartner have shown, in every early document, the place name Maynilà was always written without a final /d/. This documentation shows the may-nilad etymology is spurious. Originally, the mistaken identification of nilad as the source of the toponym probably originated in an 1887 essay by Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, in which he mistakenly used the word nila to refer both to Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) and to Ixora manila, which is actually nilád in Tagalog.). Early 20th century writings, such as those of Julio Nakpil, and Blair and Robertson, repeated the claim. Today, this erroneous etymology continues to be perpetuated through casual repetition in literature and in popular use. Examples of popular adoption of this mistaken etymology include the name of a local utility company Maynilad Water Services and the name of an underpass close to Manila City Hall, Lagusnilad (meaning "Nilad Pass"). On the other hand, in a rather first account of importance on the Philippine flora that appeared in 1704 as an Appendix to Ray's Historia Plantarum which is the Herbarium aliarumque Stirpium in Insula Luzone Philippinarum primaria nascentium... by Fr. Georg Josef Kamel, he mentioned that, Nilad arbor mediocris, rarissimi recta, ligno folido, et compacto ut Molavin, ubi abundant Mangle, locum vocant Manglar, ita ubi nilad, Maynilad, unde corrupte Manila (Nilad is an average tree, very rare straight, leafy wood, and compact like Molavin, where Mangle abounds, the place is called Manglar, so where nilad (abounds), Maynilad, whence the corruption Manila), making this an earlier account of the change in this name. History Early history The earliest evidence of human life around present-day Manila is the nearby Angono Petroglyphs, which are dated to around 3000 BC. Negritos, the aboriginal inhabitants of the Philippines, lived across the island of Luzon, where Manila is located, before Malayo-Polynesians arrived and assimilated them. Manila was an active trade partner with the Song and Yuan dynasties of China. The polity of Tondo flourished during the latter half of the Ming dynasty as a result of direct trade relations with China. Tondo district was the traditional capital of the empire and its rulers were sovereign kings rather than chieftains. Tondo was named using traditional Chinese characters in the Hokkien reading, , due to its chief position southeast of China. The kings of Tondo were addressed as panginoón in Tagalog ("lords"); anák banwa ("son of heaven"); or lakandula ("lord of the palace"). The Emperor of China considered the lakans—the rulers of ancient Manila—"王" (kings). During the 12th century, then-Hindu Brunei called "Pon-i", as reported in the Chinese annals Nanhai zhi, invaded Malilu 麻裏蘆 (present-day Manila) as it also administered Sarawak and Sabah, as well as the Philippine kingdoms Butuan, Sulu, Ma-i (Mindoro), Shahuchong 沙胡重 (present-day Siocon), Yachen 啞陳 (Oton), and 文杜陵 Wenduling (present-day Mindanao). Manila regained independence. In the 13th century, Manila consisted of a fortified settlement and trading quarter on the shore of the Pasig River. It was then settled by the Indianized empire of Majapahit, according to the epic eulogy poem Nagarakretagama, which described the area's conquest by Maharaja Hayam Wuruk. Selurong (षेलुरोङ्), a historical name for Manila, is listed in Canto 14 alongside Sulot – which is now Sulu – and Kalka. Selurong, together with Sulot, was able to regain independence afterward, and Sulu attacked and looted the then-Majapahit-invaded province Po-ni (Brunei) in retribution. During the reign of the Arab emir, Sultan Bolkiah – Sharif Ali's descendant – from 1485 to 1521, the Sultanate of Brunei which had seceded from Hindu Majapahit and converted to Islam, had invaded the area. The Bruneians wanted to take advantage of Tondo's strategic position in direct trade with China and subsequently attacked the region and established the rajahnate of Maynilà (كوتا سلودوڠ; Kota Seludong). The rajahnate was ruled under Brunei and gave yearly tribute as a satellite state. It created a new dynasty under the local leader, who accepted Islam and became Rajah Salalila or Sulaiman I. He established a trading challenge to the already rich House of Lakan Dula in Tondo. Islam was further strengthened by the arrival of Muslim traders from the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Spanish colonial era On June 24, 1571, conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Manila and declared it a territory of New Spain (Mexico), establishing a city council in what is now Intramuros district. Inspired by the Reconquista, a war in mainland Spain to re-Christianize and reclaim parts of the country that had been ruled by the Umayyad Caliphate, he took advantage of a territorial conflict between Hindu Tondo and Islamic Manila to justify expelling or converting Bruneian Muslim colonists who supported their Manila vassals while his Mexican grandson Juan de Salcedo had a romantic relationship with Kandarapa, a princess of Tondo. López de Legazpi had the local royalty executed or exiled after the failure of the Conspiracy of the Maharlikas, a plot in which an alliance of datus, rajahs, Japanese merchants, and the Sultanate of Brunei would band together to execute the Spaniards, along with their Latin American recruits and Visayan allies. The victorious Spaniards made Manila the capital of the Spanish East Indies and of the Philippines, which their empire would control for the next three centuries. In 1574, Manila was besieged by the Chinese pirate Lim Hong, who was thwarted by local inhabitants. Upon Spanish settlement, Manila was immediately made, by papal decree, a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico. By royal decree of Philip II of Spain, Manila was put under the spiritual patronage of Saint Pudentiana and Our Lady of Guidance. Manila became famous for its role in the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade, which lasted for more than two centuries and brought goods from Europe, Africa, and Hispanic America across the Pacific Islands to Southeast Asia, and vice versa. Silver that was mined in Mexico and Peru was exchanged for Chinese silk, Indian gems, and spices from Indonesia and Malaysia. Wine and olives grown in Europe and North Africa were shipped via Mexico to Manila. Because of the Ming ban on trade leveled against the Ashikaga shogunate in 1549, this resulted in the ban of all Japanese people from entering China and of Chinese ships from sailing to Japan. Manila became the only place where the Japanese and Chinese could openly trade. In 1606, upon the Spanish conquest of the Sultanate of Ternate, one of monopolizers of the growing of spice, the Spanish deported the ruler Sultan Said Din Burkat of Ternate, along with his clan and his entourage to Manila, were they were initially enslaved and eventually converted to Christianity. About 200 families of mixed Spanish-Mexican-Filipino and Moluccan-Indonesian-Portuguese descent from Ternate and Tidor followed him there at a later date. The city attained great wealth due to its location at the confluence of the Silk Road, the Spice Route, and the Silver Flow. Significant is the role of Armenians, who acted as merchant intermediaries that made trade between Europe and Asia possible in this area. France was the first nation to try financing its Asian trade with a partnership in Manila through Armenian khojas. The largest trade volume was in iron, and 1,000 iron bars were traded in 1721. In 1762, the city was captured by Great Britain as part of the Seven Years' War, in which Spain had recently become involved. The British occupied the city for twenty months from 1762 to 1764 in their attempt to capture the Spanish East Indies but they were unable to extend their occupation past Manila proper. Frustrated by their inability to take the rest of the archipelago, the British withdrew in accordance with the Treaty of Paris signed in 1763, which brought an end to the war. An unknown number of Indian soldiers known as sepoys, who came with the British, deserted and settled in nearby Cainta, Rizal. The Chinese minority were punished for supporting the British, and the fortress city Intramuros, which was initially populated by 1,200 Spanish families and garrisoned by 400 Spanish troops, kept its cannons pointed at Binondo, the world's oldest Chinatown. The population of native Mexicans was concentrated in the southern part of Manila and in 1787, La Pérouse recorded one regiment of 1,300 Mexicans garrisoned at Manila, and they were also at Cavite, where ships from Spain's American colonies docked at, and at Ermita, which was thus-named because of a Mexican hermit who lived there. The Hermit-Priest's name was Juan Fernandez de Leon who was a Hermit in Mexico before relocating to Manila. Priests weren't usually alone too since they often brought along Lay Brothers and Sisters. The Philippines hosts the only Latin-American-established districts in Asia. The Spanish evacuated Ternate and settled Papuan refugees in Ternate, Cavite, which was named after their former homeland. The rise of Spanish Manila marked the first time all hemispheres and continents were interconnected in a worldwide trade network, making Manila, alongside Mexico City and Madrid, the world's original set of global cities. A Spanish Jesuit priest commented due to the confluence of many foreign languages in Manila, the confessional in Manila was "the most difficult in the world". Juan de Cobo, another Spanish missionary of the 1600s, was so astonished by the commerce, cultural complexity, and ethnic diversity in Manila he wrote to his brethren in Mexico: After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, the Spanish crown began to directly govern Manila. Under direct Spanish rule, banking, industry, and education flourished more than they had in the previous two centuries. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 facilitated direct trade and communications with Spain. The city's growing wealth and education attracted indigenous peoples, Negritos, Malays, Africans, Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Europeans, Latinos and Papuans from the surrounding provinces, and facilitated the rise of an ilustrado class who espoused liberal ideas, which became the ideological foundations of the Philippine Revolution, which sought independence from Spain. A revolt by Andres Novales was inspired by the Latin American wars of independence but the revolt itself was led by demoted Latin-American military officers stationed in the city from the newly independent nations of Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Costa Rica. Following the Cavite Mutiny and the Propaganda Movement, the Philippine revolution began; Manila was among the first eight provinces to rebel and their role was commemorated on the Philippine Flag, on which Manila was represented by one of the eight rays of the symbolic sun. American invasion era After the 1898 Battle of Manila, Spain ceded the city to the United States. The First Philippine Republic based in nearby Bulacan fought against the Americans for control of the city. The Americans defeated the First Philippine Republic and captured its president Emilio Aguinaldo, who pledged allegiance to the U.S. on April 1, 1901. Upon drafting a new charter for Manila in June 1901, the U.S. officially recognized the city of Manila consisted of Intramuros and the surrounding areas. The new charter proclaimed Manila was composed of eleven municipal districts: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Sampaloc, San Miguel, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, and Tondo. The Catholic Church recognized five parishes as parts of Manila; Gagalangin, Trozo, Balic-Balic, Santa Mesa, and Singalong; and Balut and San Andres were later added. Under U.S. control, a new, civilian-oriented Insular Government headed by Governor-General William Howard Taft invited city planner Daniel Burnham to adapt Manila to modern needs. The Burnham Plan included the development of a road system, the use of waterways for transportation, and the beautification of Manila with waterfront improvements and construction of parks, parkways, and buildings. The planned buildings included a government center occupying all of Wallace Field, which extends from Rizal Park to the present Taft Avenue. The Philippine capitol was to rise at the Taft Avenue end of the field, facing the sea. Along with buildings for government bureaus and departments, it would form a quadrangle with a central lagoon and a monument to José Rizal at the other end of the field. Of Burnham's proposed government center, only three units—the Legislative Building, and the buildings of the Finance and Agricultural Departments—were completed before World War II began. Japanese occupation era During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, American soldiers were ordered to withdraw from Manila and all military installations were removed by December 24, 1941. Two days later, General Douglas MacArthur declared Manila an open city to prevent further death and destruction but Japanese warplanes continued bombing the city. Japanese forces occupied Manila on January 2, 1942. From February 3 to March 3, 1945, Manila was the site of one of the bloodiest battles in the Pacific theater of World War II. Under orders of Japanese Rear Admiral Sanji Iwabuchi, retreating Japanese forces killed about 100,000 Filipino civilians and perpetrated the mass rape of women in February. At the end of the war, Manila had suffered from heavy bombardment and became the second-most-destroyed city of World War II. Manila was recaptured by American and Philippine troops. Philippine independence After the war, reconstruction efforts started. Buildings like Manila City Hall, the Legislative Building (now the National Museum of Fine Arts), and Manila Post Office were rebuilt, and roads and other infrastructures were repaired. In 1948, President Elpidio Quirino moved the seat of government of the Philippines to Quezon City, a new capital in the suburbs and fields northeast of Manila, which was created in 1939 during the administration of President Manuel L. Quezon. The move ended any implementation of the Burnham Plan's intent for the government center to be at Luneta. When Arsenio Lacson became the first elected Mayor of Manila in 1952, before which all mayors were appointed, Manila underwent a "Golden Age", regaining its pre-war moniker "Pearl of the Orient". After Lacson's term in the 1950s, Manila was led by Antonio Villegas for most of the 1960s. Ramon Bagatsing was mayor from 1972 until the 1986 People Power Revolution. During the administration of Ferdinand Marcos, Metro Manila was created as an integrated unit with the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 824 on November 7, 1975. The area encompassed four cities and thirteen adjoining towns as a separate regional unit of government. On June 24, 1976, the 405th anniversary of the city's founding, President Marcos reinstated Manila as the capital of the Philippines for its historical significance as the seat of government since the Spanish Period. At the same time, Marcos designated his wife Imelda Marcos as the first governor of Metro Manila. She started the rejuvenation of the city and re-branded Manila the "City of Man". The Martial Law era During the martial law era, Manila became a center of resistance activity; youth and student demonstrators repeatedly clashed with the police and military. In 1986, the non-violent People Power Revolution led by Corazon Aquino and Cardinal Jaime Sin ousted Marcos from power. Contemporary From 1986 to 1992, Mel Lopez was mayor of Manila, first due to presidential designation, before being elected in 1988. In 1992, Alfredo Lim was elected mayor, the first Chinese-Filipino to hold the office. He was known for his anti-crime crusades. Lim was succeeded by Lito Atienza, who served as his vice mayor, and was known for his campaign and slogun "Buhayin ang Maynila" (Revive Manila), which saw the establishment of several parks, and the repair and rehabilitation of the city's deteriorating facilities. He was the city's mayor for nine years before being termed out of office. Lim once again ran for mayor and defeated Atienza's son Ali in the 2007 city election, and immediately reversed all of Atienza's projects, which he said made little contribution to the improvements of the city. The relationship of both parties turned bitter, with them both contesting the 2010 city elections, which Lim won. Lim was sued by councilor Dennis Alcoreza on 2008 over human rights, he was charged with graft over the rehabilitation of public schools. In 2012, DMCI Homes began constructing Torre de Manila, which became controversial for ruining the sight line of Rizal Park. The tower became known as "Terror de Manila" and the "national photobomber", and became a sensationalized heritage issue. In 2017, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines erected a "comfort woman" statue on Roxas Boulevard, causing Japan to express regret about the statue's erection despite the healthy relationship between Japan and the Philippines. In the 2013 election, former President Joseph Estrada succeeded Lim as the city's mayor. During his term, Estrada allegedly paid ₱5 billion in city debts and increased the city's revenues. In 2015, in line with President Noynoy Aquino's administration progress, the city became the most-competitive city in the Philippines. In the 2016 elections, Estrada narrowly won over Lim. Throughout Estrada's term, numerous Filipino heritage sites were demolished, gutted, or approved for demolition; these include the post-war Santa Cruz Building, Capitol Theater, El Hogar, Magnolia Ice Cream Plant, and Rizal Memorial Stadium. Some of these sites were saved after the intervention of governmental cultural agencies and heritage advocate groups. In May 2019, Estrada said Manila was debt-free; two months later, however, the Commission on Audit said Manila was 4.4 billion pesos in debt. Estrada, who was seeking for re-election for his third and final term, lost to Isko Moreno in the 2019 local elections. Moreno has served as the vice mayor under both Lim and Estrada. Estrada's defeat was seen as the end of their reign as a political clan, whose other family members run for national and local positions. After assuming office, Moreno initiated a city-wide cleanup of illegal vendors, signed an executive order promoting open governance, and vowed to stop bribery and corruption in the city. Under his administration, several ordinances were signed, giving additional perks and privileges to Manila's elderly people, and monthly allowances for Grade 12 Manileño students in all public schools in the city, including students of Universidad de Manila and the University of the City of Manila. In 2022, Time Out ranked Manila in 34th position in its list of the 53 best cities in the world, citing it as "an underrated hub for art and culture, with unique customs and cuisine to boot". Manila was also voted the third-most-resilient and least-rude city for the year's index. In 2023, the search site Crossword Solm utilizing internet geotagging, showed that Manila is the world's most loving capital city. Geography The City of Manila is situated on the eastern shore of Manila Bay, on the western coast of Luzon, from mainland Asia. The protected harbor on which Manila lies is regarded as the finest in Asia. The Pasig River flows through the middle of city, dividing it into north and south. The overall grade of the city's central, built-up areas is relatively consistent with the natural flatness of the natural geography, generally exhibiting only slight differentiation. Almost all of Manila sits on top prehistoric alluvial deposits built by the waters of the Pasig River and on land reclaimed from Manila Bay. Manila's land has been substantially altered by human intervention; there has been considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since the early-to-mid twentieth century. Some of the city's natural variations in topography have been leveled. , Manila had a total area of . In 2017, the City Government approved five reclamation projects; the New Manila Bay–City of Pearl (New Manila Bay International Community) (), Solar City (), Manila Harbour Center expansion (), Manila Waterfront City (), and Horizon Manila (). Of the five planned projects, only Horizon Manila was approved by the Philippine Reclamation Authority in December 2019 and was scheduled for construction in 2021. Another reclamation project is possible and when built, it will include in-city housing relocation projects. Environmental activists and the Catholic Church have criticized the land reclamation projects, saying they are not sustainable and would put communities at risk of flooding. In line of the upcoming reclamation projects, the Philippines and the Netherlands agreed to a cooperation on the ₱250 million Manila Bay Sustainable Development Master Plan to oversee future decisions on projects on Manila Bay. Barangays and districts Manila is made up of 897 barangays, which are grouped into 100 zones for statistical convenience. Manila has the most barangays of any metropolis in the Philippines. Due to a failure to hold a plebiscite, attempts at reducing its number have not succeeded despite local legislation—Ordinance 7907, passed on April 23, 1996—reducing the number from 896 to 150 by merging existing barangays. District I (2020 population: 441,282) covers the western part of Tondo and is made up of 136 barangays. It is the most-densely populated Congressional District and was also known as Tondo I. The district includes one of the biggest urban-poor communities. Smokey Mountain on Balut Island was once known as the country's largest landfill where thousands of impoverished people lived in slums. After the closure of the landfill in 1995, mid-rise housing was built on the site. This district also contains the Manila North Harbor Center, Manila North Harbor, and Manila International Container Terminal of the Port of Manila. The boundaries of the 1st District are the neighboring cities Navotas and the southern enclave of Caloocan. District II (2020 population: 212,938) covers the eastern part of Tondo and contains 122 barangays. It is also referred to as Tondo II. It includes Gagalangin, a prominent place in Tondo, and Divisoria, a popular shopping area and the site of the Main Terminal Station of the Philippine National Railways. The boundary of the 2nd District is the neighboring city Caloocan. District III (2020 population: 220,029) covers Binondo, Quiapo, San Nicolas and Santa Cruz. It contains 123 barangays and includes "Downtown Manila", the historic business district of the city, and the oldest Chinatown in the world. The boundary of the 3rd District is the neighboring city Quezon City. District IV (2020 population: 277,013) covers Sampaloc and some parts of Santa Mesa. It contains 192 barangays and has numerous colleges and universities, which were located along the city's "University Belt", a de facto sub-district. The University of Santo Tomas, the oldest-existing university in Asia, which was established in 1611. The boundaries of the 4th District are the neighboring cities San Juan and Quezon City. The Institution was home to at least 30 Catholic Saints. District V (2020 population: 395,065) covers Ermita, Malate, Port Area, Intramuros, San Andres Bukid, and a portion of Paco. It is made up of 184 barangays. The historic Walled City is located here, along with Manila Cathedral and San Agustin Church, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The boundaries of the 5th District are the neighboring cities Makati and Pasay. This district also includes the Manila South Cemetery, an exclave surrounded by Makati City. District VI (2020 population: 300,186) covers Pandacan, San Miguel, Santa Ana, Santa Mesa, and a portion of Paco. It contains 139 barangays. Santa Ana district is known for its 18th Century Santa Ana Church and historic ancestral houses. The boundaries of the 6th District are the neighboring cities Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and San Juan. Climate Under the Köppen climate classification system, Manila has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am), closely bordering on a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw). Together with the rest of the Philippines, Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means temperatures are high year-round especially during the daytime, rarely going below or above . Temperature extremes have ranged from on January 11, 1914, to on May 7, 1915. Humidity levels are usually very high all year round, making the air feel hotter than its actual temperature. Manila has a distinct dry season lasting from late December through early April, and a relatively lengthy wet season that covers the remaining period with slightly cooler daytime temperatures. In the wet season, rain rarely falls all day but rainfall is very heavy for short periods. Typhoons usually occur from June to September. Natural hazards Swiss Re ranked Manila as the second-riskiest capital city to live in, citing its exposure to natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, floods, and landslides. The seismically active Marikina Valley Fault System poses a threat of a large-scale earthquake with an estimated magnitude of between 6 and 7, and as high as 7.6 to Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Manila has experienced several deadly earthquakes, notably those of 1645 and 1677, which destroyed the stone-and-brick medieval city. Architects during the Spanish colonial period used the Earthquake Baroque style to adapt to the region's frequent earthquakes. Manila experiences between five and seven typhoons each year. In 2009, Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy) struck the Philippines, leading to one of the worst floods in Metro Manila and several provinces in Luzon with an estimated damages worth ₱11 billion ($237 million), and caused 448 deaths in Metro Manila alone. Following the aftermath of Typhoon Ketsana, the city began to dredge its rivers and improve its drainage network. Parks and green spaces Metro Manila is situated in a variety of ecosystems including upland forests, mangrove forests, mudflats, sandy beaches, sea grass meadows and coral reefs. Metro Manila is home to urban parks, nature parks, plazas, nature reserves, and an arboretum. However, according to the Asian Green City Index, in 2007 Manila contained only an average of of green space per person, well below the index average of and below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended minimum of per person. The Arroceros Forest Park is a nature park situated in the heart of downtown Manila along the south bank of the Pasig River. Considered as the "last lung of Manila", the park was professionally planned in 1993 with its secondary growth forest of 61 different native tree varieties and 8,000 ornamental plants providing a habitat for about 10 different bird species. Pollution Air pollution in Manila is due to industrial waste and automobiles. Swiss firm IQAir reported in December 2020 Manila experienced an average PM2.5 concentration of , which is classed as "Good" according to recommendations made by the World Health Organization. According to a report in 2003, the Pasig River is one of the most-polluted rivers in the world in which of domestic waste and of industrial waste are dumped daily. The city is the second-biggest waste producing metropolis in the country with 1,151.79 tons () per day, after Quezon City, which produces 1,386.84 tons () per day. Both cities were cited as having poor management in garbage collection and disposal. Rehabilitation efforts have resulted in the creation of parks along the riverside and stricter pollution controls. In 2019, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources launched a rehabilitation program for Manila Bay that will be administered by different government agencies. Cityscape Manila is a planned city. In 1905, American architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham was commissioned to design the new capital. His design for the city was based on the City Beautiful movement, which favored broad streets and avenues radiating out from rectangles. Manila is made up of fourteen city districts, according to Republic Act No. 409—the Revised Charter of the City of Manila—the basis of which officially sets the present-day boundary of the city. The districts Santa Mesa, which was partitioned from Sampaloc, and San Andres, which was partitioned off from Santa Ana, were later created. Manila's mix of architectural styles reflects its, and the Philippines', turbulent history. During World War II, Manila was razed to the ground by Japanese forces and the shelling of American forces. After the war ended, rebuilding began and most of the historical buildings were reconstructed. Many of the historic churches and buildings in Intramuros, Manila's historic core, however, had been damaged beyond repair. Manila's current urban landscape is one of modern and contemporary architecture. Manila's historic sites under the entry of The Walled City and Historic Monuments of Manila is currently being proposed to the tentative list for future UNESCO World Heritage Site inscription. Architecture Manila is known for its eclectic mix of architecture that includes a wide range of styles spanning the city's historical and cultural periods. Its architectural styles reflect American, Spanish, Chinese, and Malay influences. Prominent Filipino architects including Antonio Toledo, Felipe Roxas, Juan M. Arellano and Tomás Mapúa have designed significant buildings in Manila such as churches, government offices, theaters, mansions, schools, and universities. Manila is known for its Art Deco theaters, some of which were designed by Juan Nakpil and Pablo Antonio. The historic Escolta Street in Binondo has many buildings of Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts architectural styles, many of which were designed by prominent Filipino architects during the American colonial period between the 1920s and the late 1930s. Many architects, artists, historians, and heritage advocacy groups are campaigning for the restoration of Escolta Street, which was once the premier street of the Philippines. Almost all of Manila's pre-war and Spanish colonial architecture was destroyed during the 1945 Battle of Manila by intensive bombardment by the United States Air Force. Reconstruction took place afterward, replacing the destroyed historic Spanish-era buildings with modern ones, erasing much of the city's character. Some of the destroyed buildings, such as the Old Legislative Building (now the National Museum of Fine Arts), Ayuntamiento de Manila (now the Bureau of the Treasury), and the under-construction San Ignacio Church and Convent (as the Museo de Intramuros), have been reconstructed There are plans to refurbish and restore several neglected historic buildings and places such as Plaza Del Carmen, San Sebastian Church, and the NCCA Metropolitan Theater. Spanish-era shops and houses in the districts of Binondo, Quiapo, and San Nicolas are also planned to be restored as a part of a movement to restore the city to its pre-war state. Because Manila is prone to earthquakes, Spanish colonial architects invented a style called Earthquake Baroque, which churches and government buildings during the Spanish colonial period adopted. As a result, succeeding earthquakes of the 18th and 19th centuries barely affected Manila, although they periodically leveled the surrounding area. Modern buildings in and around Manila are designed or have been retrofitted to withstand an 8.2 magnitude quake in accordance with the country's building code. Demographics According to the 2020 Philippine census, Manila has a population of 1,846,513 people, making it the second-most-populous city in the Philippines. Manila is the most-densely populated city in the world, with 41,515 inhabitants per km in 2015. District 6 is listed as the densest with 68,266 inhabitants per km, followed by District 1 with 64,936 and District 2 with 64,710. District 5 is the least-densely populated area with 19,235. Manila has been presumed to be the Philippines' largest city since the establishment of a permanent Spanish settlement, and eventually became the political, commercial, and ecclesiastical capital of the country. Since colonial times, Manila has been the destination of peoples whose origins are as wide-ranging as India and Latin America. Practicing forensic anthropology, while exhuming cranial bones in several Philippine cemeteries, researcher Matthew C. Go estimated that 7% of the mean amount, among the samples exhumed, have attribution to European descent. Research work published in the Journal of Forensic Anthropology, collating contemporary Anthropological data show that the percentage of Filipino bodies who were sampled from the University of the Philippines, that is phenotypically classified as Asian (East, South and Southeast Asian) is 72.7%, Hispanic (Spanish-Amerindian Mestizo, Latin American, and/or Spanish-Malay Mestizo) is at 12.7%, Indigenous American (Native American) at 7.3%, African at 4.5%, and European at 2.7%. Between the 1860s and 1890s, in urban areas of the Philippines – especially Manila – according to burial statistics, as much as 3.3% of the population were pure European Spaniards and pure Chinese composed 9.9% of the city's populace. The Spanish-Filipino and Chinese-Filipino Mestizo populations also fluctuated. Eventually, these non-native categories diminished because they were assimilated into the majority Austronesian Filipino population. During the Philippine Revolution, the term "Filipino" included people of any race born in the Philippines. This explains the abrupt drop of the proportion of Chinese, Spanish, and Mestizo peoples across the country by the time of the first American census in 1903. Manila's population dramatically increased since the 1903 census because people tended to move from rural areas to towns and cities. In the 1960 census, Manila became the first Philippine city to exceed one million people – more than five times of its 1903 population. The city continued to grow until the population stabilized at 1.6 million and experienced alternating increases and decreases starting in the 1990 census year. This phenomenon may be attributed to the higher growth experienced by suburbs and the already-very-high population density of the city. As such, Manila exhibited a decreasing percentage share of the metropolitan population from 63% in the 1950s to 27.5% in 1980, and 13.8% in 2015. The much-larger Quezon City marginally surpassed the population of Manila in 1990 and by the 2015 census it already has 1.1 million more people. Nationally, the population of Manila was expected to be overtaken by cities with larger territories such as Caloocan and Davao City by 2020. The vernacular language is Filipino, which is mostly based on the Tagalog language of the city and its surroundings, and this Manilan form of spoken Tagalog has become the lingua franca of the Philippines, having spread throughout the archipelago through mass media and entertainment. English is the language most widely used in education and business, and is in heavy everyday use throughout Metro Manila and the rest of the Philippines. Philippine Hokkien, which is locally known as Lan-nang-oe, a variant of Southern Min, is mainly spoken by the city's Chinese-Filipino community. According to data provided by the Bureau of Immigration, 3.12 million Chinese citizens arrived in the Philippines from January 2016 to May 2018. Crime Crime in Manila is concentrated in areas that are associated with poverty, drug abuse, and gangs. Crime in the city is also directly related to its changing demographics and unique criminal justice system. The illegal drug trade is a major problem of the city; in Metro Manila alone, 92% of the barangays were affected by illegal drugs in February 2015. From 2010 to 2015, Manila had the second-highest index crime rates in the Philippines, with 54,689 cases or an average of about 9,100 cases per year. By October 2017, Manila Police District (MPD) reported a 38.7% decrease in index crimes from 5,474 cases in 2016 to 3,393 in 2017. MPD's crime-solution efficiency also improved; six-to-seven of every ten crimes were solved by the city police force. MPD was cited as the Best Police District in Metro Manila in 2017 for registering the highest crime-solution efficiency. Religion Christianity As a result of Spanish cultural influence, Manila is a predominantly Christian city. , 93.5% of the population were Roman Catholic, 2% were adherents of the , 1.8% followed various Protestant, and 1.1% were Buddhists. Members of Islam and other religions make up the remaining 1.4% of the population. Manila is the seat of prominent Catholic churches and institutions. There are 113 Catholic churches within the city limits; 63 of which are considered major shrines, basilicas, or cathedrals. Manila Cathedral, the country's oldest established church, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila. There are another three basilicas in the city; Quiapo Church, Binondo Church, and the Minor Basilica of San Sebastián.San Agustín Church in Intramuros is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Several Mainline Protestant denominations are headquartered in the city. St. Stephen's Parish pro-cathedral in Santa Cruz district is the see of the Episcopal Church in the Philippines' Diocese of Central Philippines, while on Taft Avenue are the main cathedral and central offices of (also called the Aglipayan Church), a nationalist church that is a product of the Philippine Revolution. Other faiths like the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) have temples within Metro Manila such as the Manila Philippines Temple in Quezon City and Alabang Philippines Temple in Muntinlupa. The indigenous has several locales (akin to parishes) in the city, including its first chapel, now a museum, in Punta, Santa Ana. Evangelical, Pentecostal and Seventh-day Adventist denominations also thrive. The headquarters of the Philippine Bible Society is in Manila. The main campus of the Cathedral of Praise is located on Taft Avenue. Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide has several branches and campuses in Manila. Religious groups such as Iglesia ni Cristo, Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide, and the El Shaddai movement celebrate their anniversaries at Quirino Grandstand, which is an open space in Rizal Park. Other faiths Manila has many Taoist and Buddhist temples like Seng Guan Temple that serve the spiritual needs of the Chinese Filipino community. Quiapo has a "Muslim town" that includes the city's largest mosque Masjid Al-Dahab. Members of the Indian expatriate community can worship at the large Hindu temple in the city or at the Sikh gurdwara on United Nations Avenue. The Baháʼí Faith's governing body in the Philippines the National Spiritual Assembly is headquartered near Manila's eastern boundary with Makati. Economy Manila is a major center for commerce, banking and finance, retailing, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media, traditional media, advertising, legal services, accounting, insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts. Around 60,000 establishments operate in the city. The National Competitiveness Council of the Philippines, which annually publishes the Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI), ranks the country's cities, municipalities, and provinces according to their economic dynamism, government efficiency, and infrastructure. According to the 2022 CMCI, Manila was the second-most-competitive highly urbanized city in the Philippines. Manila held the title of the country's most-competitive city in 2015, and since then has been in the top three, denoting Manila is consistently one of the best place to live in and do business. Binondo, the oldest and one of the largest Chinatowns in the world, was the center of commerce and business activities in the city. Numerous residential and office skyscrapers occupy its medieval streets. As of 2013, plans by the city government of Manila to turn the Chinatown area into a business process outsourcing (BPO) hub were in progress; thirty unoccupied buildings had been already identified for conversion into BPO offices. Most of these buildings are on Escolta Street, Binondo. The Port of Manila is the largest seaport in the Philippines and the main international shipping route into the country. The Philippine Ports Authority oversees the operation and management of the country's ports. International Container Terminal Services Inc., according to the Asian Development Bank, is one of the top-five major maritime terminal operators in the world, and has its headquarters and main operations at the Port of Manila. Another port operator, Asian Terminal Incorporated, has its corporate office and main operations at Manila South Harbor, and its container depository is in Santa Mesa. Manila is classified as a Medium-Port Megacity, using the Southampton system for port-city classification. Manufacturers within the city produce industrial-related products such as chemicals, textiles, clothing, electronic goods, food, beverages, and tobacco products. Local businesses process primary commodities for export, including rope, plywood, refined sugar, copra, and coconut oil. The food-processing industry is one of the most-stable manufacturing sector in the city. Pandacan oil depot houses the storage facilities and distribution terminals of Caltex Philippines, Pilipinas Shell, and Petron Corporation; the major players in the country's petroleum industry. The oil depot has been a subject of various concerns, including its environmental and health impact on the residents of Manila. The Supreme Court ordered the oil depot to be relocated outside the city by July 2015, but it failed to meet this deadline. Most of the oil depot facility inside the compound were demolished, and plans have been made to convert it into a transport hub or food park. Manila is a major publishing center of the Philippines. Manila Bulletin, the Philippines' largest broadsheet newspaper by circulation, is headquartered in Intramuros. Other major publishing companies in the country The Manila Times, The Philippine Star, and Manila Standard Today are headquartered in the Port Area. The Chinese Commercial News, the Philippines' oldest existing Chinese-language newspaper, and the country's third-oldest newspaper, is headquartered in Binondo. DWRK used to have its studio at the FEMS Tower 1 along South Superhighway in Malate before transferring to the MBC Building at the CCP Complex in 2008. Manila serves as the headquarters of the Central Bank of the Philippines, which is located on Roxas Boulevard. The Landbank of the Philippines and Philippine Trust Company also have their headquarters in Manila. Unilever Philippines used to have its corporate office on United Nations Avenue in Paco before transferring to Bonifacio Global City in 2016. Vehicle manufacturer Toyota also has its regional office on UN Avenue. Tourism Manila welcomes over one million tourists each year. Major tourist destinations include the historic Walled City of Intramuros, the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex, Manila Ocean Park, Binondo (Chinatown), Ermita, Malate, Manila Zoo, the National Museum Complex, and Rizal Park. Both the historic Walled City of Intramuros and Rizal Park were designated as flagship destinations and as tourism enterprise zones in the Tourism Act of 2009. Rizal Park, also known as Luneta Park, is a national park and the largest urban park in Asia. with an area of , The park was constructed to honor of the country's national hero José Rizal, who was executed by the Spaniards on charges of subversion. The flagpole west of the Rizal Monument is the Kilometer Zero marker for distances to locations across the country. The park is managed by the National Parks and Development Committee. The Walled City of Intramuros is the historic center of Manila. It is administered by the Intramuros Administration, an attached agency of the Department of Tourism. It contains Manila Cathedral and the 18th Century San Agustin Church, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kalesa is a popular mode of transportation for tourists in Intramuros and nearby places including Binondo, Ermita and Rizal Park. Binondo, the oldest Chinatown in the world, was established in 1521 and served as a hub of Chinese commerce before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines. Its main attractions are Binondo Church, Filipino-Chinese Friendship Arch, Seng Guan Buddhist Temple, and authentic Chinese restaurants. Manila is designated as the country's leading destination for medical tourism, which is estimated to annually generate $1 billion in revenue. Lack of a progressive health system, inadequate infrastructure, and the unstable political environment are seen as hindrances to its growth. Shopping Manila is regarded as one of the best shopping destinations in Asia. Major shopping malls, department stores, markets, supermarkets, and bazaars are located within the city. Divisoria in Tondo has been locally described as a "shopping mecca" of Manila. Shopping malls sell goods at bargain prices. Small vendors occupy several roads, causing pedestrian and vehicular traffic. A well-known landmark in Divisoria is the Tutuban Center, a large shopping mall that is a part of the Philippine National Railways' Main Station. It attracts 1 million people every month and is expected to add another 400,000 people upon the completion of the LRT Line 2 West Extension, making it Manila's busiest transfer station. Another "lifestyle mall" is Lucky Chinatown. There are almost 1 million shoppers in Divisoria according to the Manila Police District. Binondo, the oldest Chinatown in the world, is the city's center of commerce and trade for all types of businesses run by Filipino-Chinese merchants, with a wide variety of shops and restaurants. Quiapo is referred to as the "Old Downtown", where tiangges, markets, boutique shops, music and electronics stores are common. Many department stores are on Recto Avenue. Robinsons Place Manila is Manila's largest shopping mall. The mall was the second and the largest Robinsons Malls built. SM Supermalls operates the shopping malls SM City Manila and SM City San Lazaro. SM City Manila is located on the former site of YMCA Manila beside Manila City Hall in Ermita, while SM City San Lazaro is built on the site of the former San Lazaro Hippodrome in Santa Cruz. The building of the former Manila Royal Hotel in Quiapo, which is known for its revolving restaurant, is now the SM Clearance Center and was established in 1972. The site of the first SM Department Store is Carlos Palanca Sr. (formerly Echague) Street in San Miguel. Culture Museums As the cultural center of the Philippines, Manila has a number of museums. The National Museum Complex of the National Museum of the Philippines, located in Rizal Park, is composed of the National Museum of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Anthropology, the National Museum of Natural History, and the National Planetarium. Spoliarium, a famous painting by Juan Luna, can be found in the complex. The city hosts the National Library of the Philippines, a repository of the country's printed and recorded cultural heritage, and other literary and information resources. The National Historical Commission of the Philippines maintains two history museums in the city, which are the Museo ni Apolinario Mabini – PUP and the Museo ni Jose Rizal – Fort Santiago. Museums established or run by the National Libraryeducational institutions are DLS-CSB Museum of Contemporary Art and Design, UST Museum of Arts and Sciences, and the UP Museum of a History of Ideas. Bahay Tsinoy, one of Manila's prominent museums, documents the lives of Chinese people and their contributions to the history of the Philippines. Intramuros Light and Sound Museum chronicles Filipinos' desire for freedom during the revolution under Rizal's leadership and other revolutionary leaders. The Metropolitan Museum of Manila houses modern and contemporary visual arts, and exhibits Filipino arts and culture. Other museums in the city are the Museo Pambata, a children's museum; and Plaza San Luis, an outdoor heritage public museum that includes nine Spanish Bahay na Bato houses. Ecclesiastical museums located in the city are the Parish of the Our Lady of the Abandoned in Santa Ana; San Agustin Church Museum; and the Museo de Intramuros, which houses the ecclesiastical art collection of the Intramuros Administration in the reconstructed San Ignacio Church and Convent. Sports Sports in Manila have a long and distinguished history. The city's, and in general the country's, main sport is basketball. Most barangays have a basketball court or a makeshift one, and court markings are frequently drawn on the streets. Larger barangays have covered courts where inter-barangay leagues are held every April to May. Manila's major sports venues include Rizal Memorial Sports Complex and San Andres Gym, the base of the now-defunct Manila Metrostars. Rizal Memorial Sports Complex houses a track and football stadium, a baseball stadium, tennis courts, Rizal Memorial Coliseum, and Ninoy Aquino Stadium; the latter two are indoor arenas. The Rizal complex had hosted several multi-sport events, such as the 1954 Asian Games and the 1934 Far Eastern Games. When the Philippines hosts the Southeast Asian Games, most of the events are held at the complex but in the 2005 Games, most events were held elsewhere. The 1960 ABC Championship and the 1973 ABC Championship, forerunners of the FIBA Asia Championship, were hosted at the memorial coliseum; the national basketball team won both tournaments. The 1978 FIBA World Championship was held at the coliseum although the latter stages were held in the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City. Manila has several other well-known sports facilities such as Enrique M. Razon Sports Center and the University of Santo Tomas Sports Complex, both of which are private venues owned by a university; collegiate sports are also held in the city; the University Athletic Association of the Philippines and the National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball games held at Rizal Memorial Coliseum and Ninoy Aquino Stadium, although basketball events have been transferred to San Juan's Filoil Flying V Arena and Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City. Other collegiate sports are still held at Rizal Memorial Sports Complex. Professional basketball, which has been mostly organized by corporate teams, also used to play at the city but the Philippine Basketball Association now holds their games at Araneta Coliseum and Cuneta Astrodome at Pasay; the now-defunct Philippine Basketball League played some of their games, such as its 1995–96 Philippine Basketball League season, at Rizal Memorial Sports Complex. Manila Metrostars participated in the Metropolitan Basketball Association. The Metrostars, named after the Metrostar Express – the brand name of the Metro Manila MRT-3, which does not have stations in the city – participated in its first three seasons and won the 1999 championship. The Metrostars later merged with the Batangas Blades and subsequently played in Lipa, Batangas. Almost twenty years later, Manila Stars participated in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League, reaching the Northern Division Finals in 2019. Both teams played in the San Andres Sports Complex. Other teams that represented Manila but did not host games in the city are the Manila Jeepney F.C. and FC Meralco Manila. The city's government acknowledged Jeepney as Manila's representative in the United Football League. Meralco Manila played in the Philippines Football League and designated Rizal Memorial Stadium as their home ground. Manila's rugby league team Manila Storm trains at Rizal Park and plays matches at Southern Plains Field, Calamba, Laguna. Baseball was previously a widely played sport in the city but in 2022, Manila had the Philippines' only sizable baseball stadium, Rizal Memorial Baseball Stadium, which hosted games of the now-defunct Baseball Philippines; Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth were the first players to score a home run at the stadium during their tour of the country on December 2, 1934. Cue sports are also popular in Manila; billiard halls are present in most barangays. The 2010 World Cup of Pool was held at Robinsons Place Manila. Rizal Memorial Track and Football Stadium hosted the first FIFA World Cup qualifier in decades when the Philippines hosted Sri Lanka in July 2011. The stadium, which was previously unfit for international matches, had been renovated before the match. The stadium also hosted its first rugby test for the 2012 Asian Five Nations Division I tournaments. Festivals and holidays Manila celebrates civic and national holidays. Because most of the city's residents are Roman Catholic, most of the festivals are religious in nature. Manila Day, which celebrates the city's founding on June 24, 1571, Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi, was first proclaimed by the city's vice mayor Herminio A. Astorga on June 24, 1962. It has been annually commemorated under the patronage of John the Baptist, and has always been declared by the national government as a special, non-working holiday through presidential proclamations. Each of the city's 896 barangays also have their own festivities, which are guided by their own patron saints. Manila also hosts the procession of the Feast of the Black Nazarene (Traslacíon), which is held every January 9 and draws millions of Catholic followers. Other religious festivities held in Manila are the Feast of Santo Niño in Tondo and Pandacan, which is held on the third Sunday of January; the Feast of Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados de Manila (Our Lady of the Abandoned), the patron saint of Santa Ana, which is held every May 12; and the Flores de Mayo. Non-religious holidays include New Year's Day, National Heroes' Day, Bonifacio Day, and Rizal Day. Government Local government Manila, which is officially known as the City of Manila, is the national capital of the Philippines and is classified as a special city according to its income, and a highly urbanized city (HUC). The Mayor of Manila is the chief executive, and is assisted by the vice mayor and the 38-member City Council, who are elected as representatives of the six councilor districts within the city, and the municipal presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan. The city has no control over Intramuros and Manila North Harbor. The historic Walled City is administered by the Intramuros Administration while Manila North Harbor is managed by the Philippine Ports Authority. Both are national government agencies. The barangays that have jurisdictions over these places oversee the welfare of the city's constituents but cannot exercise their executive powers. Manila had a 12,971 personnel complement at the end of 2018. Under the proposed form of federalism in the Philippines, Manila may no longer be the capital and Metro Manila may no longer be the seat of government; the committee has not yet decided on the federal capital and states they are open to other proposals. As of May 2022, the Mayor of Manila is Maria Shielah "Honey" Lacuna-Pangan, daughter of former Manila vice mayor Danilo Lacuna. Lacuna is the city's first female mayor. The vice mayor is Yul Servo. The mayor and the vice mayor are limited to up-to three terms, each term lasting for three years. The city has an ordinance penalizing cat-calling since 2018, and is the second city in the Philippines to do so after Quezon City, which passed a similar ordinance in 2016. In 2017, the city government planned to revise the existing curfew ordinance since the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in August that year. Of the three cities reviewed by the Supreme Court; the City of Manila, Navotas, and Quezon City; only the curfew ordinance of Quezon City was approved. National government Manila, being the seat of political power in the Philippines, has the headquarters of several national government offices. Planning for the city's role as the center of government started during the early years of American colonization, when the U.S. envisioned a well-designed city outside the walls of Intramuros, and chose Bagumbayan, a former town that is now Rizal Park to become the center of government. A design commission was given to Daniel Burnham to create a master plan for the city patterned after Washington, D.C. but the plans were abandoned under the Commonwealth Government of Manuel L. Quezon. A new government center was to be built on the hills northeast of Manila, in what is now Quezon City. Several government agencies have set up their headquarters in Quezon City but several key government offices are still based in Manila. Many of the plans were substantially altered after the devastation of Manila during World War II and by subsequent administrations. As the nation's capital, Manila hosts the Office of the President and the President's official residence. It also houses important government agencies and institutions such as the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the Departments of Budget and Management, Finance, Health, Justice, Labor and Employment, and Public Works and Highways. Manila also hosts important national institutions such as the National Library, National Archives, National Museum of the Philippines, and Philippine General Hospital.. Other notable institutions based in Manila are the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, National Historical Commission, Film Development Council of the Philippines, and the Cultural Center of the Philippines. Congress previously held office at the Old Congress Building. In 1972, due to declaration of martial law, Congress was dissolved; its successor, the unicameral Batasang Pambansa, held office at the new Batasang Pambansa Complex. When a new constitution restored the bicameral Congress, the House of Representatives stayed at the Batasang Pambansa Complex and the Senate remained at the Old Congress Building. In May 1997, the Senate transferred to a new building, which it shares with the Government Service Insurance System on reclaimed land at Pasay. The Supreme Court was due to transfer to its new campus at Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, in 2019 but the move was postponed to a later year. In Congress, Manila has six representatives, one each from its six congressional districts. Finance In the 2019 Annual Audit Report published by the Commission on Audit, the revenue of the City of Manila was ₱16.534 billion. It is one of the cities with the highest tax collection and internal revenue allotment. For the 2019 fiscal year, the tax revenue collected by the city was ₱8.4 billion. The city's Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) from the National Treasury was ₱2.94 billion, and the city's total assets were worth ₱63.4 billion in 2019. The City of Manila has the highest budget allocation for healthcare of all the cities and municipalities in the Philippines; the city maintains the six district hospitals, 59 health centers and lying-in clinics, and healthcare programs. Infrastructure Housing Development of public housing in Manila began in the 1930s under U.S. rule; Americans had to deal with the problem of sanitation and concentration of settlers around business areas. Business codes and sanitation laws were implemented in the 1930s. During this period until the 1950s, new communities were opened for relocation. Among these were Projects 1–8 in Diliman, Quezon City; and the Vitas tenement houses in Tondo. In 1947, the government implemented a public housing policy that established the People's Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC). A few years later, it established a Slum Clearance Committee which, with the help of the PHHC, relocated thousands of families from Manila and Quezon City to Sapang Palay in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan in the 1960s. In 2016, the national government completed several medium-rise houses for 300 Manila residents whose slum community was destroyed by a fire in 2011. As of 2019, the city government plans to retrofit dilapidated tenements within the city, and will construct new housing buildings for the city's informal settlers such as the 14-story Tondominium 1 and Tondomium 2 buildings, containing , two-bedroom units. The construction of these new in-city vertical housing projects was funded by a loan from the Development Bank of the Philippines and the Land Bank of the Philippines. Since 2019, the Manila City Government has initiated six housing projects: Tondominium 1 & 2, Binondominium, Basecommunity, San Lazaro Residences, Pedro Gil Residences, and San Sebastian Residences. Transportation One of the best-known modes of transportation in Manila is the jeepney, which were patterned after U.S. Army jeeps and have been in use since the mid-to-late 1940s. The Tamaraw FX, the third generation of the Toyota Kijang, once directly competed with jeepneys and followed fixed routes for a set price. They were replaced by the UV Express. All types of public road transportation in Manila are privately owned and operated under government-issued franchises. On a for-hire basis, the city is served by taxicabs, "tricycles" – motorcycles with sidecars—the Philippine version of the auto rickshaw), and "trisikads", "sikads" or "kuligligs"; bicycles with sidecars, the Philippine version of pedicabs), which are popular In some areas, especially Divisoria. Spanish-era horse-drawn calesas are a popular tourist attraction and mode of transportation in Binondo and Intramuros. Manila will phase out all gasoline-run tricycles and pedicabs, and replace them with electric tricycles (e-trikes), and plans to distribute 10,000 e-trikes to qualified tricycle drivers from the city. By January 2018, the city has distributed e-trikes to a number of drivers and operators in Binondo, Ermita, Malate, and Santa Cruz. Manila is serviced by LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) and Line 2 (LRT-2), which form the Manila Light Rail Transit System. Development of the light rail system began in the 1970s during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, when the LRT Line 1 was built, making it the first light-rail system in Southeast Asia. Despite its name, LRT-1 operates as a light metro, running on dedicated rights-of-way. LRT 2 operates as a full-metro, heavy rail system. As of 2015, these systems were undergoing a multi-billion-dollar expansion. The LRT runs along the length of Taft Avenue (N170/R-2) and Rizal Avenue (N150/R-9), while LRT-2 runs along Claro M. Recto Avenue (N145/C-1) and Ramon Magsaysay Boulevard (N180/R-6) from Santa Cruz, through Quezon City, and to Masinag in Antipolo, Rizal. Tutuban station, the central terminal of the Philippine National Railways, lies within Manila. Within Metro Manila, one commuter railway is in operation. The line runs in a general north–south direction from Tutuban (Tondo) toward the province of Laguna. The Port of Manila, which is located in the western section of the city on Manila Bay, is the largest and chief seaport of the Philippines. The Pasig River Ferry Service is another form of transportation. The city is also served by Ninoy Aquino International Airport, the country's main international airport and domestic air hub. Trolleys, hand-made human-powered metal handcarts operated by "trolley boys", transport people along sections of the PNR lines. This is a popular means of transportation because it is low-cost – roughly ₱10 or US$.20 per trip – and avoids traffic. Many trolley boy are homeless and live alongside the railroad line, which is actively used by passenger trains so collisions with passenger trains are a consistent danger, although casualties are rare. Trolley rides are unofficial and unregulated but tolerated by authorities. Satellite navigation company TomTom ranked Manila as the second world's most-traffic-congested city in 2019. According to Waze's 2015 "Global Driver Satisfaction Index", Manila has the worst traffic worldwide. Manila is notorious for its frequent traffic jams and high densities. The government has undertaken several projects to alleviate the traffic in the city, some of which include the proposed construction of a new viaduct or underpass at the intersection of España Boulevard and Lacson Avenue; the construction of Skyway Stage 3, NLEX Connector, and Pasig River Expressway; the proposed LRT Line 2 West Extension Project from Recto Avenue to Pier 4 of Manila North Harbor; the proposed construction of the PNR east–west line through España Boulevard to Quezon City; and the expansion and widening of several national and local roads. These projects, however, had yet to make any meaningful impact by 2014, and the traffic jams and congestion continue. The government, under its 2014 Metro Manila Dream Plan aims to address these urban transport problems. The plan is a list of short-term priority projects and medium-to-long-term infrastructure projects that will last up to 2030. Water and electricity Water services used to be provided by the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), which served 30% of the city; most other sewage was directly dumped into storm drains, septic tanks, and open canals. MWSS was privatized in 1997, which split the water concession into the east and west zones. Maynilad Water Services took over the west zone, of which Manila is a part. As of 2001, Maynilad Water Services provides the supply and delivery of potable water, and sewerage system in Manila but does not serve the southeastern part of the city, which belongs to the east zone that is served by Manila Water. Electricity services are provided by Meralco, the sole electricity distributor in Metro Manila. Healthcare Manila Health Department is responsible for the planning and implementation of healthcare programs provided by the city government. Manila Health Department operates 59 health centers and six city-run hospitals, which are free of charge for the city's constituents. The six public city-run hospitals are Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center, Ospital ng Sampaloc, Gat Andres Bonifacio Memorial Medical Center, Ospital ng Tondo, Santa Ana Hospital, and Justice Jose Abad Santos General Hospital. Philippine General Hospital, a tertiary state-owned hospital in Manila, is operated by the University of the Philippines Manila. The city is planning to build an education, research, and hospital facility for cleft lip and cleft palate patients, and to establish the first children's surgical hospital in Southeast Asia. Private corporations also provide healthcare in Manila. Private hospitals that operate in the city are Manila Doctors Hospital, Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center, José R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Metropolitan Medical Center, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, and the University of Santo Tomas Hospital. The Department of Health (DOH) has its main office in Manila and operates San Lazaro Hospital, a special referral tertiary hospital. DOH also operates Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, and Tondo Medical Center. Manila is the home to the headquarters of the World Health Organization's Regional Office for the Western Pacific and Country Office for the Philippines. The city government provides free immunization programs for children, who are specifically targeted against hepatitis B, hemophilus influenza B pneumonia, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella. As of 2016, 31,115 children age one and below have been fully immunized. Manila Dialysis Center, which provides free services for the poor, has been cited by the United Nations Committee on Innovation, Competitiveness and Public-Private Partnerships as a model for public-private partnership (PPP) projects. The dialysis facility was named Flora V. Valisno de Siojo Dialysis Center in 2019, and was inaugurated as the largest free dialysis facility in the Philippines. It has 91 dialysis machines, which can be expanded up to 100, matching the capabilities of the National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI). Education Manila has been a center of education since the colonial period. The city has several Philippine universities and colleges, some of which are the county's oldest. The city's University Belt has a high concentration of colleges and universities, which are a short walking distance of each other. The University Belt is at the boundaries between San Miguel, Quiapo, and Sampaloc districts, while other clusters colleges lie along the southern bank of the Pasig River – mostly in Intramuros and Ermita districts; and at the southernmost part of Malate near the city limits. The historic district Intramuros once housed the University of Santo Tomas (1611), Colegio de San Juan de Letran (1620), and Ateneo de Manila University (1859). Only Colegio de San Juan de Letran remains at Intramuros; the University of Santo Tomas transferred to a new campus at Sampaloc in 1927 and Ateneo de Manila University relocated to Loyola Heights, Quezon City, in 1952. In the 20th century, new non-sectarian schools were built; Mapúa University (1925), Lyceum of the Philippines University (1952), and Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (1965) – which is owned and operated by the Manila city government. The four schools in the district formed the Intramuros Consortium. Other notable universities in the city include National University (1900), De La Salle University (1911), the largest of all De La Salle University System of schools, Far Eastern University (1928), and Adamson University (1939). The University of the Philippines (1908), the country's main state university, was established in Ermita, Manila. It moved its central administrative offices from Manila to Diliman in 1949 and eventually made the original campus the University of the Philippines Manila, the oldest of the constituent universities of the University of the Philippines System, and the center of health-sciences education in the country. Manila is also the site of the main campus of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, the largest university in the country in terms of student population. The city's three-tier public education system, the Division of the City Schools of Manila, is a branch of the Department of Education. The division governs the 71 public elementary schools and 32 public high schools within the city. The city also contains Manila Science High School, a pilot science high school. Sister cities Asia Astana, Kazakhstan Bacoor, Cavite Bangkok, Thailand Beijing, People's Republic of China Dili, East Timor Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China Haifa, Israel Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Incheon, South Korea Jakarta, Indonesia Nantan, Kyoto, Japan Osaka, Japan (business partner) Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands Shanghai, People's Republic of China Taipei, Taiwan Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Europe Bucharest, Romania Lisbon, Portugal Warsaw, Poland Madrid, Spain Málaga, Spain Moscow, Russia Nice, France Americas Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico Buenos Aires, Argentina Cali, Colombia Cartagena, Colombia Havana, Cuba Honolulu, Hawaii, United States Lima, Peru Maui County, Hawaii, United States Mexico City, Mexico Montevideo, Uruguay Montreal, Quebec, Canada New York City, New York, United States (global partner) Panama City, Panama Sacramento, California, United States San Francisco, California, United States Santiago, Chile Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada International relations Manila hosts the foreign embassies of the United States and Vietnam. Honorary consulates of Belize, Burkina Faso, Jordan, Nepal, Poland, Iceland, Paraguay, Thailand, and Tunisia are based in the city. See also Greater Manila Area List of people from Manila Province of Manila Notes References Sources Moore, Charles (1921). "Daniel H. Burnham: Planner of Cities". Houghton Mifflin and Co., Boston and New York. External links [ Philippine Standard Geographic Code] Capitals in Asia Cities in Metro Manila 1574 establishments in the Philippines Planned communities in the Philippines Populated places established in 1574 Populated places on Manila Bay Populated places on the Pasig River Port cities and towns in the Philippines Highly urbanized cities in the Philippines
漢特角（），是南極洲的海岬，位於喬治五世地，處於丹尼森角以西15公里的英聯邦灣西岸，在1912年被發現，以生物學家命名，現時由南極條約體系管理。 參考資料 南極洲海岬
Grand Prix is the fifth album by Scottish alternative rock band Teenage Fanclub, released in May 1995 via Creation Records. Album cover The now-defunct Formula One racing team Simtek provided the car that appears on the front cover. Reception Upon release, Grand Prix received almost unanimous critical acclaim. Writing for The Independent, Andy Gill called it "winsome and reflective", while Angela Lewis of the same publication described Grand Prix as a "breathtakingly superb (album) with finely honed dynamics, nagging harmonies and deceptively simple lyrics". In 2000, Q placed Grand Prix at number 72 in its list of the "100 Greatest British Albums Ever". It was voted number 624 in the 3rd edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000). In 2004, it made number 72 on The Observer Music Monthly'''s top 100 British albums list. In 2013, NME ranked it at number 282 in its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Track listing Notes All bonus tracks produced by Teenage Fanclub. Tracks 1 and 2 recorded at Protocol Studios, London, engineered by Giles Hall, assisted by Delphine Carrier. Track 3 recorded at Protocol Studios, London, engineered by Giles Hall, and at The Greenhouse, London, engineered by Nick Wollage. Track 4 recorded at Riverside Studios, Glasgow, engineered by Duncan Cameron. Track 5 recorded at home by Norman Blake.Grand Prix'' bonus 7" single Note First vinyl pressing with limited edition bonus 7". Personnel Charts References 1995 albums Teenage Fanclub albums Creation Records albums Britpop albums Country rock albums by Scottish artists
恶心和呕吐的临床表现是什么?？(1)一般情况：应注意神志、营养状态、有无脱水、循环衰竭、贫血及发热等。(2)腹部体征：应注意胃型、胃蠕动波、振水声等幽门梗阻表现;肠鸣音亢进、肠型等急性肠梗阻表现;腹肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛等急腹症表现。此外，还应注意有无腹部肿块、疝等。(3)其他：眼部检查注意眼球震颤、眼压测定、眼底有无视盘水肿等。有无病理反射及腹膜刺激征等。
早期子宫肌瘤有哪些症状？多数患者无症状，仅在盆腔检查或超声检查时偶被发现。如有症状则与肌瘤生长部位、速度、有无变性及有无并发症关系密切，而与肌瘤大小、数目多少关系相对较小。患有多个浆膜下肌瘤者未必有症状，而一个较小的黏膜下肌瘤常可引起不规则阴道流血或月经过多。（1）子宫出血为子宫肌瘤最主要的症状，出现于半数以上的患者。其中以周期性出血为多，可表现为月经量增多、经期延长或周期缩短。亦可表现为不具有月经周期性的不规则阴道流血。子宫出血以黏膜下肌瘤及肌壁间肌瘤较多见，而浆膜下肌瘤很少引起子宫出血。（2）腹部包块及压迫症状肌瘤逐渐生长，当其使子宫增大超过3个月妊娠子宫大小或为位于宫底部的较大浆膜下肌瘤时，常能在腹部扪到包块，清晨膀胱充盈时更为明显。包块呈实性，可活动，无压痛。肌瘤长到一定大小时可引起周围器官压迫症状，子宫前壁肌瘤贴近膀胱者可产生尿频、尿急；巨大宫颈肌瘤压迫膀胱可引起排尿不畅甚至尿潴留；子宫后壁肌瘤特别是峡部或宫颈后唇肌瘤可压迫直肠，引起大便不畅、排便后不适感；巨大阔韧带肌瘤可压迫输尿管，甚至引起肾盂积水。（3）疼痛一般情况下子宫肌瘤不引起疼痛，但不少患者可诉有下腹坠胀感、腰背酸痛。当浆膜下肌瘤发生蒂扭转或子宫肌瘤发生红色变性时可产生急性腹痛，肌瘤合并子宫内膜异位症或子宫腺肌症者亦不少见，则可有痛经。（4）白带增多子宫腔增大，子宫内膜腺体增多，加之盆腔充血，可使白带增加。子宫或宫颈的黏膜下肌瘤发生溃疡、感染、坏死时，则产生血性或脓性白带。（5）不孕与流产有些子宫肌瘤患者伴不孕或易发生流产，对受孕及妊娠结局的影响可能与肌瘤的生长部位、大小及数目有关。巨大子宫肌瘤可引起宫腔变形，妨碍孕囊着床及胚胎生长发育；肌瘤压迫输卵管可导致管腔不通畅；黏膜下肌瘤可阻碍孕囊着床或影响精子进入宫腔。肌瘤患者自然流产率高于正常人群，其比约4∶1。
雅夫勒扎克（，）是法国夏朗德省的一个市镇，属于干邑区。 地理 （）面积，位于法国新阿基坦大区夏朗德省，该省份为法国西部内陆省份，北起德塞夫勒省和维埃纳省，东临上维埃纳省，东南至多尔多涅省，南至多爾多涅省，西接滨海夏朗德省。 与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。 的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。 行政 的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。 政治 所属的省级选区为。 人口 于时的人口数量为人。 参见 夏朗德省市镇列表 参考文献 夏朗德省市镇
怎样治疗荨麻疹最有效？1、温水擦拭患处可缓解痒痛感荨麻疹在发病时患处会伴随着比较严重的痒痛感，患者可以在早晚两个时间段用温水轻轻擦拭荨麻疹的患处，这样一方面可以缓解荨麻疹患处的痒痛感，另一方面也可以帮助舒缓患处扩张的毛细血管，让其趋于一个比较平和的状态，有利于荨麻疹的康复，另外还可以清理患处的细菌，保证荨麻疹患处有一个很好的康复环境。荨麻疹患者千万不能够犯痒就挠的大忌，那样会加重病情。2、治疗荨麻疹期间家中要多通风不少朋友患上荨麻疹就是因为在睡觉的时候或者季节变化的时候受了风，所以在患上荨麻疹之后便不敢轻易地开窗通风，害怕自然风会加重荨麻疹的病情。其实在我们患上荨麻疹的时候是应该在一个通风的环境下进行治疗的，因为这个可以有利于患者的血液循环系统恢复正常。3、水果蔬菜要经常性食用即便是您在平时的日常生活中并不喜欢食用水果和蔬菜，但是在荨麻疹的患病阶段为了自己的身体健康，也要尽可能地多食用水果和蔬菜，因为在水果和蔬菜中含有能够促进血液循环系统健康发展的养料，而荨麻疹的患者最需要的恰恰就是血液循环系统尽快地恢复健康。4、荨麻疹患者不要剧烈运动荨麻疹患者如果剧烈运动的话会不可避免地出很多汗，这样一来血液循环系统和内分泌系统的更新速度都会加快，在加快之后就容易出现紊乱的情况，这是不利于荨麻疹患者康复的。荨麻疹患者可以多散步来缓解自己的心情，但是不宜剧烈运动。
小儿海蓝组织细胞增生症的并发症？肝脾大，婴儿多伴黄疸，逐渐进展出现肝硬化和肝功能衰竭。伴血小板减少及紫癜。 1.肝硬化：具体表现为肝细胞弥漫性变性坏死，继而出现纤维组织增生和肝细胞结节状再生，这三种改变反复交错进行，结果肝小叶结构和血液循环途径逐渐被改建，使肝变形、变硬而导致肝硬化。早期无明显症状，后期则出现一系列不同程度的门静脉高压和肝功能障碍，直至出现上消化道出血、肝性脑病等并发症死亡。 2.肝功能衰竭：肝细胞受到广泛严重损害，机体代谢功能发生严重紊乱而出现的临床综合征。肝衰竭发生于许多严重的肝脏疾病过程中，症候险恶，预后多不良。 3.紫癜：皮肤和粘膜出血后颜色改变的总称。临床表现为出血点、紫癜和瘀斑，一般不高出皮面，开始为紫红色，揉捏压等动作不能使淤斑散开，会逐渐变浅，至两周左右变黄而消退。
水棘针介绍是什么？所属卷：Amethystea Linn.所属科：Labiatae中文名：水棘针其它中文名：土荆芥（昭通）。
咽喉癌早期可以治愈吗？中医学名词。咽与喉的总称。口腔鼻腔之后，食管以上的空腔处为咽；喉腔内近气管上端处为喉。咽者，主通利水谷，为胃之系，乃胃气之通道也。咽喉癌是鼻咽癌，口咽癌，喉癌的总称。喉咽又称下咽，下咽癌多发在梨状窝，其次为下咽后壁。治疗方法有单纯放疗、单纯手术、手术加放疗、化疗和免疫治疗等。那么，咽喉癌早期可以治愈吗？下面为大家详细的介绍下相关的知识。1、咽喉癌早期的治愈有很大希望，头颈部的肿瘤包括咽喉癌在早期如果得到很好的治疗，比如放疗或手术，可以获得相对较好的预后。所以患者患有早期的喉癌或早期的咽喉癌时，建议及早的进行手术治疗，另外术后还要关注是否需要做局部的放疗，做好后可以长期生存。2、早期喉癌其实每个人的治疗效果都是不同的，要从患者的整体状况进行判定，喉癌能否治好很大一定程度在于治疗方法的选择以及自身的心态，这些都可以影响喉癌的治疗效果。但这里必须指出的一点便是“治好”在一定意义上只能说是延长患者生存期及提高患者的生活质量。3、喉癌早期治疗会缓解症状的。喉癌早期应该积极治疗，一般以放射治疗为主。放疗前后可根据情况辅以中医辨证治疗、化学药物治疗、免疫治疗等。可以提高疗效，改善全身情况和减轻放射反应。咽喉癌早期可以治愈吗？通过上述的介绍，相信大家对咽喉癌早期可以治愈吗有所了解了，希望以上的内容可以帮助大家在生活中。不能吃辛、辣、臭、腥的刺激性食物，因为这些食物同样能引起食道痉挛，使病人产生不适。对于完全不能进食的喉癌病人，应采取静脉高营养的方法输入营养素以维持病人机体的需要。
Plane-form enamel hypoplasia is often seen as the most severe type of enamel hypoplasia, and results from enamel matrix formation stopping, resulting in areas of crown with little or no dental enamel deposition. A relatively short period of severe stress can potentially lead to a very large defect. Plane-form enamel hypoplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including severe illness/malnutrition, as well as specific conditions such as amelogenesis imperfecta and congenital syphilis. In severe cases enamel can be completely missing from areas of the crown, exposing the underlying dentine. References Dental enamel Developmental tooth disorders
Tuff Shed Incorporated is a manufacturer and installer of storage buildings and garages in the United States. The company currently operates multiple factories in multiple states. Tuff Shed carries a variety of products, ranging from small storage sheds to garages to large custom buildings, sold direct through factory outlets and through The Home Depot stores. See also Shed Garage (house) References External links Official website Companies based in Denver
一个月婴儿湿疹怎么引起的？引起湿疹的病因是复杂的，其中最主要的是过敏因素是，所以有过敏体质家族史的小儿更容易发生湿疹。主要原因为对食入物、吸入物或接触物不耐受或过敏所致。另外，衣物引起的过敏也是有可能的，所以具体病因，也还是要待医生检查诊治后才能够知道。但是平时妈妈们最好就在食物跟衣物方面做得细致，这样，宝宝们患有皮肤病的可能也就自然而然的降低了。1、遗传因素。婴儿湿疹是特应性皮炎婴儿期的表现，特发性皮炎又叫异位皮炎、异位性湿疹、遗传过敏性皮炎、遗传过敏性湿疹等，这与遗传过敏性体质有关。爸妈如果有哮喘、荨麻疹、过敏性鼻炎等过敏性疾病，患儿存在免疫学异常。湿疹患儿的血浆中IgE含量高出正常婴儿几倍至几十倍，这是由遗传基因决定的。有些宝宝在湿疹发生时或发生以后，可能会有支气管哮喘或过敏性鼻炎等其他变态反应性疾病发生，这和遗传性过敏体质有密切关系。2、蛋白质过敏。高蛋白饮食可能会成为引发婴儿湿疹的外在致病因子。在湿疹患儿妈妈里面，有92.7%的妈妈曾经在妊娠期十分注重营养，以鸡、鸭、鱼肉虾等高蛋白饮食为主，有的喜欢食用辛辣等刺激性食物。所以，妈妈在孕期或哺乳期，如果发现宝宝有过敏现象，可考虑是否对蛋白质过敏而诱发湿疹。3、环境因素。室内温度、湿度对婴儿湿疹的发病有一定的影响。很多妈妈为了避免宝宝受凉，很少开窗通风换气，造成室内比较潮湿或过热；有的居住在过于潮湿或干燥的地方，也会造成湿疹加重。患儿在炎热的夏季、其他季节室内温度过高、用热水洗澡、穿衣服过多、不注意卫生都可能会使病情加重。妈妈们可以根据医生的建议给宝宝适当的抹一些爽身粉，但是如果皮肤是很严重的话，妈妈们就一定要听从医生的吩咐才行，因为爽身粉是夏天的时候，为了怕宝宝的皮肤受不了天气的原因而造成的红痱子所致的皮肤小过敏使用的。
我阴囊潮湿是怎么回事？阴囊潮湿的情况很可能是患上了阴囊湿疹这种疾病，阴囊湿疹还会具有瘙痒难耐等特征，建议患者能够尽早到当地医院进行详细的检查和治疗，对于你所提到的问题，手淫对阴囊潮湿这种情况具有一定的影响，建议能够节制。对于你遇见的阴囊潮湿的问题患者在医院就医的同时，更是要在生活中多加注意，时常利用清水清洗，避免穿紧身的裤型，加强透风。1、首先应戒除手淫习惯，次数不要太多，一周两、三次即可。也要控制性生活频率，不能太频繁。消除阴囊潮湿异味等症状应当多注意个人卫生，最好天天清洗阴囊，用温热清水仔细清洗皱襞、夹缝，不留死角，保持阴囊部位的清洁与干燥。2、注意腿部的脂肪。一些腿很粗的人，往往都有这种疾病。腿太粗，造成汗液的分泌量增大，迫使长时间保持潮湿状态，很自然的就引发了这类疾病的发生。所以一定要注意腿部的脂肪量。3、阴囊潮湿大多是因为长时间坐着，缺乏运动，阴囊部位不通风导致的，尤其是常年坐办公室的男性人群最容易出现前列腺问题，阴囊潮湿也是前列腺炎的一个症状。日常生活中不注意卫生也能引发阴囊潮湿。4、然后到医院进行一个正规的检查，由医生确诊之后，才能进行相应的治疗。你的症状是慢性前列腺炎的主要症状之一。在工作时不要久坐，而且平时不要喝酒，注意少吃生冷辛辣的食物。体力劳动过多一定要注意合理安排休息，更要注意阴部的清洁卫生，用清水清洗阴部，勤换洗内裤，并且要注意穿棉质的内裤，外裤也不要穿太紧身的像牛仔裤等不透气的。
Evgeniya Sergeevna Zakharova (; born 4 October 1994) is a Russian short track speed skater. Zakharova represents Russia at international competitions. She won the bronze medal at the 2020 European Short Track Speed Skating Championships in the 3000m relay event, where she only competed in the preliminaries. References 1994 births People from Novouralsk Russian female short track speed skaters Living people World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists Universiade medalists in short track speed skating FISU World University Games gold medalists for Russia Universiade silver medalists for Russia Competitors at the 2013 Winter Universiade Competitors at the 2019 Winter Universiade Sportspeople from Sverdlovsk Oblast 21st-century Russian women
克里斯蒂安斯塔德（，）是瑞典的一座城市，2016年，有人口40,145人。 地理 克里斯蒂安斯塔德是瑞典海拔最低的地方（海平面以下2.41米），有見及此，市內部份地方由堤及水泵組成的系統所保護。為了擴大城市範圍，大量的低窪濕地需要被圍牆圍著，由其是城市東邊。為防止將來城市中心會泛濫，現有的排水系統將會被新的排水系統所代替。 氣候 克里斯蒂安斯塔德受海洋氣流影響，冬季氣溫平均高於攝氏零度，而夏天亦有較瑞典平均溫度和暖。 姊妹城市 克里斯蒂安斯塔德擁有八個姊妹城市： 希奥利艾 埃斯波 克厄 伦茨堡 斯卡加菲厄泽 布達福克 科沙林 孔斯贝格 景點 參考資料 外部連結 克里斯蒂安斯塔德市镇官方网站 Using Waste, Swedish City Cuts Its Fossil Fuel Use 瑞典城市
Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom (, born 21 April 1994), often referred to mononymously as Pathompol due to his unusually long surname, is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a winger for Thai League 1 club Port. Club career BG Pathum United On 14 December 2020, Pathompol signed for Thai League 1 club, BG Pathum United. International career On 12 April 2021, He was named in manager Akira Nishino’s 47-man squad for Thailand’s 2022 World Cup qualification. In 2021 he was called up by Thailand national team for the 2020 AFF Championship. International goals Honours Chiangrai United Thai FA Cup: 2017 Thailand Champions Cup: 2018 BG Pathum United Thai League 1: 2020–21 Thailand Champions Cup: 2021, 2022 Thailand AFF Championship: 2020 King's Cup runner-up: 2023 References External links 1994 births Living people Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Pathompol Charoenrattanapirom Men's association football wingers
Shree Krishna Gaarudi is 1958 Indian Kannada language film written and directed by Hunsur Krishnamurthy based on the story by Bellave Narahari Shastri. It narrates the tale of Bheema and Arjuna's pride being crushed by Krishna, after the Kurukshetra War. The bickering and squabbling among the Pandavas for portfolios allegorizes the politics in the then newly formed Mysore state. The movie was remade in Telugu in the same year by well-known director Y. V. Rao starring Jaggayya also titled Shri Krishna Garudi . Plot The Kurukshetra War is over and Dharmaraya ascends the throne of Hastinavati. Dharmaraya distributes powers and Bheema and Arjuna are unhappy with the powers and responsibilities vested to them. They fume in private, that they were the reason for Pandavas victory in Kurukshetra War, but have to be subservient to nakula and sahadeva. Sri Krishna senses this and disguises as Gaarudi, a street player, skilled in warfare. He reaches Hastinavati, challenging men to fight him. He gathers fame, as unbeatable warrior. When news reaches Bheema and Arjuna, in a fit of rage, they challenge Gaarudi. Arjuna has to set a bow and fails. They get beaten, are pushed below earth and suffer indignity. Bheema has to fight a giant snake that has bound him and made immovable. Arjuna has to fight off a family and infamy. Both suffer, because of their pride and forgetting Lord Sri Krishna. After what seems a long time, they pray to Krishna and are able to come over their agony. When they reach their palace at Hastinavati, Lord Krishna informs them, it was he, as Gaarudi, who taught them the lesson. Nakula and Sahadeva pray to Krishna, before starting the task and easily finish it off. Shri Krishna's mighty power and bliss fills Bheema and Arjuna. They happily perform the duties, bestowed on them. Songs by Pendyala Nageshwara Rao were popular. Songs Bombeyaatavayyaa song in the movie turned very popular. It was written by Hunasuru Krishna Murthy and sung by P. B. Sreenivas. The song, sung by Naarada in the movie, is the telling tale of the affairs of the world. It was reused in Rajkumar's 1987 movie Shruthi Seridaaga. References External links 1950s Kannada-language films Films based on the Mahabharata Kannada films remade in other languages Films directed by Hunsur Krishnamurthy
The 2020 Atlanta Reign season was the second season of the Atlanta Reign's existence in the Overwatch League and the team's second under head coach Brad "Sephy" Rajani. Atlanta planned to host two homestand weekends in the 2020 season, with the first at the Coca-Cola Roxy in late March and the second at a different, undetermined location in mid-June, but all homestand matches were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Reign finished in the quarterfinals in each of the three midseason tournaments of the 2020 season. After advancing through the North America play-ins to the season playoffs, Atlanta was eliminated from North America playoff bracket by the Florida Mayhem. Preceding offseason Organizational changes In late October, the Reign announced the departure of player development coach Cas "Casores" van Andel. The following month, Atlanta picked up GC Busan Kim "Mentalist" Chung-in as an assistant coach. Roster changes The Reign enter the new season with no free agents, nine players which they have the option to retain for another year, and one player under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. Acquisitions The Reign's first signing of the offseason was announced on October 31, when the team promoted tank Xander "Hawk" Domecq from their academy team ATL Academy. In addition, the team also announced that tank Blake "Gator" Scott would no longer be on a two-way contract with ATL Academy and would strictly play for the Reign. On November 12, the team announced the signing of GC Busan Wave DPS Kim "Edison" Tae-hoon. The team added another DPS three days later when they signed Hugo "SharP" Sahlberg from Team Envy. The Reign announced their full roster for the 2020 season on January 31, which included the promotion of former Reign support player Steven "Kodak" Rosenberger from ATL Academy and signing of support player Anthony "Fire" King. Departures The Reign's first departure was on October 30, when it was announced that support player Daniel "FunnyAstro" Hathaway had been signed to the Philadelphia Fusion. The following week, on November 8, the team announced that they would not pick up off-tank Seo "Daco" Dong-hyung's option for another season of play. The following day, the team also elected not to exercise their option to retain DPS Ilya "NLaaeR" Koppalov. Roster Transactions Transactions of/for players on the roster during the 2020 regular season: On July 17, DPS Andrej "Babybay" Francisty retired. On July 18, support Steven "Kodak" Rosenberger retired. On July 24, the Reign signed DPS Garrett "Saucy" Roland. On July 31, the Reign signed support Kim "Lr1s" Seung-hyun. Standings Game log Regular season Midseason tournaments | style="text-align:center;" | Bonus wins awarded: 0 Postseason References Atlanta Reign Atlanta Reign Atlanta Reign seasons
Bolshaya Atnya (, ) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Atninsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Population: References Notes Sources Rural localities in Tatarstan Kazansky Uyezd
The Santiago Island giant tortoise (Chelonoidis niger darwini), also known commonly as the Santiago giant tortoise and the James Island tortoise, is a subspecies of Galápagos tortoise in the family Testudinidae. The subspecies is endemic to Santiago Island (also known as James Island and San Salvador) in the Galápagos. Population history Large numbers of C. n. darwini were removed from Santiago Island in the early 19th century by whaling vessels, and introduced goats reduced the coastal lowlands to deserts, restricting the remaining tortoises to the interior. The sex ratio is strongly imbalanced in favour of the males, and most nests and young are destroyed by feral pigs. Some nests are now protected by lava corrals, and since 1970, eggs have been transported to the Charles Darwin Research Station for hatching and rearing. Release programs and measures for nest protection from feral pigs have been successful. There are approximately 1,165 individuals in the wild, with an increasing population. Habitat The preferred natural habitats of C. n. darwini are forest and shrubland. Description The gray to black carapace of C. n. darwini is intermediate in shape between the saddle-backed subspecies and the domed subspecies of Galápagos tortoises. It has only a shallow cervical indentation. The anterior carapacial rim is not appreciably upturned, and the posterior marginals are flared, slightly upturned, and slightly serrated. Diet C. n. darwini grazes on low-growing vegetation. Etymology The specific name, darwini, is in honor of English naturalist Charles Darwin. References External links Van Denburgh J (1907). "Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos Islands, 1905–1906. I. Preliminary descriptions of four new races of gigantic land tortoises from the Galapagos Islands". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series 1: 1–6. (Testudo darwini, new subspecies). (Full text). Chelonoidis Subspecies Taxa named by John Van Denburgh Endemic reptiles of the Galápagos Islands Reptiles described in 1907
Note 4可以指： 小米Note 4 紅米Note 4 三星Galaxy Note 4
The Albania national beach soccer team represents Albania in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the Shoqata Sportive Minifutbolli Shqiptar] (Albanian MiniFootball Association), The Albania national team made their debut in a friendly match in 2012 against an unofficial Kosovan team whom, at the time, were not yet sanctioned by FIFA to take part in official international matches. A rarity in beach soccer, but more commonly found in friendlies, the match was ended as a draw. Albania followed this up with their competitive debut in 2015 at the Mediterranean Beach Games. The squad contains many of the same players who also play for the Albania national futsal team. Current squad As of September 2015 (captain) Coach: Ergys Kadiu Delegation: Klodian Kadiu, Engert Bakalli, Team Manager: Nderim Kaceli Achievements Mediterranean Beach Games Best: 9th place 2015 Competitive record Mediterranean Beach Games Sources Squad Results European national beach soccer teams Beach Soccer
多囊卵巢综合症好了可以自然怀孕吗？多囊卵巢综合症，是一种内分泌代谢性疾病，它的症状有月经不调，表现为月经稀发、闭经、月经不规则等，有的多囊卵巢综合征还有高雄激素血症的表现，如多毛，痤疮等。一部分人有胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、排卵障碍，可引起不孕症，并且怀孕后流产率高。远期并发症有糖尿病，心血管疾病，子宫内膜病变等，B超的表现为卵巢增大，卵巢多囊样改变。多囊卵巢综合症如果经过积极的配合治疗，口服药物，适当运动控制体重，是可以怀孕的，其怀孕的几率能达到80%左右。建议去医院做详细的检查，然后配合治疗。多囊卵巢综合症的治疗方法：是根据个人需求进行选择。无生育要求的人，要是雄激素水平较高，可使用药物进行降低雄激素和调整月经周期。雄激素不高的多囊卵巢多的人，可选择药物进行调节月经周期。无生育要求的人除调整月经周期外，还需调整生活方式，改善代谢，并进行胰岛素抵抗治疗减少并发症。有生育要求的人，可通过促排卵治疗调节月经周期。具体用药结合临床，由医生面诊指导为准。多囊卵巢综合症的注意事项：饮食上要低脂饮食，多吃新鲜的蔬菜、水果;大油、大脂类的食品要少吃。另外在饮食上还有一个很重要的问题，就是多囊卵巢综合征容易并发高胰岛血症，并发远期的病，还可引起糖尿病，因此早期要低糖饮食，不能过多的摄入糖分。也不是一点不吃，不能过多地摄入糖，在饮食上非常重要的一个方面，低脂、低糖，这是多囊卵巢综合征的人饮食要注意的原则。同时加强锻炼，避免精神刺激，保持乐观的情绪，保持充足的睡眠。
新幾內亞（），是尼加拉瓜的城鎮，位於該國東部，由南大西洋自治區負責管轄，始建於1965年3月5日，面積2,774平方公里，海拔高度184米，2005年人口66,936，人口密度每平方公里25人。 參考資料 Nueva Guinea Nicaraguan Institute for Municipal Development Mayor of Nueva Guinea, Socioeconomic Municipality Population Census, December 1999. 尼加拉瓜城市
《中華日報》是中國國民黨於1946年在臺灣臺南市所創辦的地方報。公司全名為「臺灣中華日報社股份有限公司」。 簡史 1946年（民國35年）2月20日在臺灣臺南市創刊；創刊初期，《中華日報》總社設於臺南車站前方，原建物為日本勸業銀行臺南分行（1981年拆除）。1948年（民國37年）2月20日在臺北市設立總社並增出北部版，一度採南北兩版平行發行形式。由於當時臺灣甫脫離日治時期，為考量民眾閱讀：有中、日文並刊設計，作家龍瑛宗即曾任日文版文藝欄主編；後因臺灣省行政長官公署下令1946年10月25日起全臺所有報紙、雜誌附刊之日文版一律撤除，遂同日起改為純中文版。 自有印刷廠，印報工廠位於臺南市永康工業區內，占地廣達一千五百坪，廠房空間寬敞，並擁有各項印報設備。 航運專報；航運部負責發行另一份報紙─「中華日報航運版」，這是一份在臺北獨立作業的專業性報紙，以服務港務、航運、外貿、兩岸商務及交通等業者為主要目標，影響力及發行網遍及臺灣地區。 中華日報是中國國民黨「三中黨產」之一，因應立法院通過「黨政軍退出媒體」的決議，國民黨自2005年開始陸續尋求出脫「五中黨產」：中影、中廣、中視、中華日報、中央日報；中國時報集團經評估後只買下三中，退回中華日報與中央日報。2006年5月24日，中國國民黨決議停止挹注資金給二中，同月31日，中央日報停刊。 至於中華日報，則因在臺南的地方影響力大，且有旅行社等副業，經營狀況尚稱良好、能自給自足；經過數次員工薪資結清後，中華日報目前是獨立資金狀態。 歷史 1946年2月20日《中華日報》創刊。發行地點臺南市。發行人盧冠群、總編輯俞棘。「中華日報」為中國國民黨中央宣傳委員會直屬刊物。 1948年2月20日起，於臺北市發行「北版」。 1951年起《中華日報》總社遷移至臺北市，總社下轄「南社」、「北社」兩單位。 1987年10月1日起，南北兩社合併營業。「中華日報」與「臺灣新生報」、「和平日報」鼎足而三 1987年起舉辦了二十一屆「梁實秋文學獎」，至2008年，被認為是一年一度的文壇盛事。 1990年起，前後達十七年「大孝獎」，對發揚固有傳統孝道美德，善盡媒體社會教育功能。 2009年起，與張麗堂文教助學基金會、中國孔學會、臺南市書道印藝學會，合辦「大臺南國中、國小學生書法比實」，學生得獎作品並與中國孔學會、臺南市書道印藝學會會員作品舉行聯展，同時出版專輯。 2012年起，連續兩年在母親節、父親節、教師節舉辦卡拉OK歌唱大賽，報名參賽至為踴躍，成為臺南一大盛事。 2013年舉辦「兩岸臺南一衢州中小學生書法比賽」。對於鼓勵中小學生書法習作與儒家文化的重視、促進兩岸書法藝術交流頗具效果。 2014年起，在國家一級古蹟億載金城周邊道路舉辦「中華盃慈善夜跑」，對於鼓舞全民運動。 2016年（5月）起，連續三年在台南舉辦海峽兩岸少兒美術大展。 2016年12月，開闢「寵物專版」，先後在臺南南紡購物中心廣場及小北成功夜市舉辦「寵物暨文創嘉年華」，喚起全民愛護動物；2017年12月再次在台南市小北成功夜市場地辦理「大台南寵物嘉年華暨歲末寒冬送暖」活動，體現中華日報與地方連結的決心。 2017年3月，因應紙媒閱報人數的下降，進行行動化閱讀轉型，委由百仕文化科技股份有公司規劃與建置，進行適合手機閱報的「中華新聞雲」APP開發與建構。 2019年9月，「中華新聞雲」與報紙同步刊登。 影響與爭議 培育臺灣文壇人才 《中華日報》與行政院文化建設委員會合辦的「梁實秋文學獎」，從1988年（民國七十七年）開始，為臺灣文壇積極培育散文創作及翻譯研究的人才，同時也發展出版事業，其副刊更是當時數一數二的新文學搖籃。曾連載著名教育家蔣夢麟的自傳《西潮》中文版。 對臺南地方政壇的影響力 在臺南地方上，《中華日報》被視為國民黨的代言人，其立場也對台南政治造成影響：前臺南市市長辛文炳曾經回憶第一屆民選市長時，國民黨籍的黃百祿與無黨籍的葉廷珪通過初選進入第二次投票，當時《中華日報》報導一直讚揚黃百祿、批評葉廷珪，反而導致市民反感而使葉廷珪當選。自己與葉廷珪角逐市長時，市黨部要求《中華日報》不要一直報導辛文炳好，也不要一直批評葉廷珪，最後自己才當選。 白曉燕命案 1997年4月14日晚上，白冰冰得知女兒被綁架後立即報案，警方也高度重視，並成立「0414」專案小組。然而不知是何人走漏了風聲，當時與警界有著密切聯繫的主要媒體，在第一時間得知白曉燕被綁架的消息。不僅立即打電話給白冰冰確認此案，還爭先抵達白家，希望取得「獨家新聞」。無論白冰冰如何哀求記者不要寫、不要報導，《中華日報》和《大成報》仍在次日刊登白曉燕遭綁架的消息，且進行一連串的追蹤報導，令此案的發展走向一條不可挽回的道路。 參考來源 参考文献 《臺灣府城議壇風雲: 臺灣與臺南市地方自治發展史料特展專輯》，臺南市歷屆市議員協進會，2007 外部連結 中華日報（每日凌晨1時30分更新） 中華日報資料庫（须於受權圖書館使用） 中華日報 Z Z Z 中国国民党报纸
John Raymond McCarl (November 27, 1879 – August 2, 1940) was an American lawyer and executive secretary of the national Republican Congressional Campaign Committee. He was the first Comptroller General of the United States, serving from 1921 to 1936. During his time in office, he was one of the most powerful and controversial officials in the U.S. federal government. Early life and career McCarl was born in a log cabin on November 27, 1879, near Des Moines, Iowa. His father was a veteran of the Union Army who fought in the American Civil War. John attended local public schools. McCarl's father died in 1893 at the age of 53. After her husband's death, Sara McCarl moved John and his five siblings to McCook, Nebraska. John held part-time jobs during the school year, and in the summers worked for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad and local lawyer Webster Morlan. He was a halfback on the first football team fielded by McCook High School, and sang in a local vocal quartet. McCarl graduated from McCook High School in 1897 and entered the University of Nebraska. He received a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Nebraska College of Law in 1903. McCarl returned to McCook, where he took up the practice of law. On November 26, 1905, he married Ethel Barnett, daughter of Albert Barnett (a McCook lumber yard owner and one of the wealthiest men in the state). Government career Congressional aide and GOP activism McCarl was a Progressive Republican and active in party politics. In 1914, Fletcher Merwin resigned as private secretary to progressive Republican Senator George W. Norris (also from the town of McCook). On Merwin's recommendation, McCarl applied for and won the position. In 1917, Norris opposed American entry into World War I. Worried that Norris would be denied renomination to the United States Senate in 1918, McCarl resigned. Norris was deeply disappointed in McCarl's decision. Senator Simeon D. Fess subsequently appointed McCarl to be secretary of the national Republican Congressional Campaign Committee (which Fess chaired). McCarl was highly active during the 1918 congressional elections, and made numerous political contacts during this time. He continued to work with the committee in the 1920 presidential election, leaving him well-positioned to seek a job with the incoming administration of Warren G. Harding. Comptroller General Since the final year of the Taft administration (1912), pressure had been building within the Republican Party for legislation which would impose modern financial accounting and budgeting procedures on the federal government. Worsening national debt due to expenditures required by World War I and a greatly enlarged federal government led to passage of the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921. This legislation, which President Harding signed into law on June 10, 1921, created the Government Accounting Office (GAO), an independent agency answerable solely to Congress. The head of the GAO was the Comptroller General of the United States, a non-partisan position which could only be filled by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Comptroller General served for a single, non-renewable, 15-year term. It is unclear how McCarl won appointment as the first Comptroller General of the United States. Some sources say that McCarl advised Harding on who should fill the position, and that Harding chose McCarl. But other sources say that Senator Norris or Senator Fess pushed McCarl for the position. Although McCarl had no financial training or experience whatsoever, Harding nominated McCarl on June 28, 1921, and the Senate confirmed him the next day. Historians Katie Louchheim and Jonathan Dembo note that McCarl had "virtually unlimited power" during his time in office. He was a decisive leader of the organization, asserted a broad range of powers for himself, and fought strongly to make GAO an impartial and independent agency. McCarl made a wide range of decisions on issues as diverse as individual expense accounts, salary increases, statutory authority to incur expenses, and the right of federal employees to receive reimbursement for their work clothes. He refused to authorize the expenditure of $100 million of Public Works Administration funds for slum clearance and declined to permit the Department of Agriculture to use drought relief funds for the purchase of surplus lambs as a means of price support. He argued that the law simply did not authorize such actions. He once voided contracts for the construction of the $12.5 million Arlington Memorial Bridge because they called for the hiring of a general contractor and not specific individuals, as he believed the law required. (Congress passed legislation changing the law.) His decisions were often highly controversial and he was widely unpopular within the government. He was very critical of the New Deal pushed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, claiming that New Deal agencies were set up hastily, spent far too much money, and had amorphous powers. He also criticized Congress for delegating too much authority to the executive branch. Political scientist Harvey Mansfield, writing in 1939, considered him a zealot and crusader when it came to accounting. Establishing GAO McCarl struggled to make GAO a competent and authoritative agency. In the first six years in office, he strictly controlled work start and stopping times, banned employees from discussing anything which was not work-related, and required employees to stay at their desks. He relaxed these rules significantly in 1927 after realizing they were harming staff morale. GAO was created out of the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury, and McCarl inherited most of that office's 1,700 workers. He largely retained the Treasury structure, although he concentrated approval authority for communication with Congress in his own office. He also created a legal office, and ordered that any interpretation of law issue only under his own signature. In 1922, he established a Bookkeeping Section to sign off on all government contractual expenditures, a Transportation Division to ensure that shipping costs were reasonable, and an Investigations Section to make investigations and inspections, write reports, and make recommendations regarding the operation and financial procedures of the federal government. This unit (later renamed the Office of Investigations in the late 1920s) quickly became the major arm of GAO. In 1923, McCarl collapsed five of the GAO's existing divisions into just two, Civil and Military. These two divisions were further consolidated into a single Audit Division in 1926. He established a Records Division the same year. This organizational structure existed largely unchanged until his departure from office (although Bookkeeping was renamed Accounting and Bookkeeping in 1935). McCall was a constant critic of the lack of a central disbursing authority in the federal government. He believed that having a disbursing agent in each agency or department was a recipe for financial misappropriation. He applauded President Roosevelt's decision on June 10, 1933, to issue Executive Order 6166, which created a Division of Disbursement within the Treasury Department and eliminated this office within each agency. GAO historian Robert Trask says that McCarl was obstinate and harsh, but the Washington Post at the time of his death called him "mild-mannered". Death After retiring as Comptroller General, McCarl practiced law in Washington, D.C. He suffered either a heart attack or a stroke at his desk in his law office on August 2, 1940, and died immediately. His wife, Ethel, survived him. The couple had no children. John R. McCarl was buried in McCook, Nebraska, at Memorial Park Cemetery. References Bibliography Downs, Winfield Scott. Encyclopedia of American Biography. New York: The American Historical Society, 1941. Louchheim, Katie and Dembo, Jonathan, eds. The Making of the New Deal: The Insiders Speak. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983. Lowitt, Richard. George W. Norris: The Making of a Progressive, 1861-1912. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1971. Mansfield, Harvey C. The Comptroller General: A Study in the Law and Practice of Financial Administration. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1939. Mosher, Frederick C. The GAO: The Quest for Accountability in American Government. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1979. Sundquist, James. The Decline and Resurgence of Congress. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1981. Tierney, Cornelius E.; Kearney, Edward F.; Fernandez, Roland; and Green, Jeffrey W. Wiley Federal Accounting Handbook: Policies, Standards, Procedures, Practices. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2007. Trask, Roger R. Defender of the Public Interest: The General Accounting Office, 1921-1966. Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1996. Walker, David M. Organizational Transformation: Implementing Chief Operating Officer/Chief Management Officer Positions in Federal Agencies. GAO-08-322T. Washington, D.C.: Government Accountability Office, December 13, 2007. 1879 births 1940 deaths People from McCook, Nebraska People from Polk County, Iowa Comptrollers General of the United States University of Nebraska College of Law alumni Nebraska lawyers Lawyers from Washington, D.C. Nebraska Republicans 20th-century American lawyers
南锡美术博物馆（）是法国最古老的博物馆之一，成立于1793年。它设于斯坦尼斯拉斯广场上的四座大型展馆之一，该建筑由波兰国王、洛林公爵斯坦尼斯瓦夫一世兴建于1755年。 馆内展出下列画家的作品：佩鲁吉诺，丁托列托，小杨·布鲁格，卡拉瓦乔，乔治·德·拉·图尔，夏尔·勒·布朗，朱塞佩·德·里贝拉，鲁本斯，克罗德·洛林，卢卡·焦尔达诺，弗朗索瓦·布歇，德拉克洛瓦，爱德华·马奈，莫奈，保罗·希涅克，阿梅代奥·莫迪利亚尼，毕加索，劳尔·杜飞... 博物馆开放的时间为每天上午10时至下午6时（除了星期二），1月1日，5月1日，7月14日，11月1日和12月25日关闭。残疾人士方便参观。 参见 official website 法国美术馆 南鍚旅遊景點 1793年法國建立
Ystlyg () was a medieval cantref in the Kingdom of Powys. It lay at the east of the kingdom on the border with England. It consisted of the commotes (cymydau) of Deuddwr in the north, Ystrad Marchell in the centre, Llannerch Hudol (also written Llannerchwdwl, Llanerchydol or Llannerchudol) in the south, and Y Gorddwr (or Corddwr) in the east beyond the River Severn and Offa's Dyke. Ystad Marchell, Llannerch Hudol and Deuddwr formed the Teirswydd (English: three [commotes] (literally, swydd is post as in an office)) which were among the lands restored into the possession of Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn in return for his homage and fealty by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at Ystumanner in 1263. Y Gorddwr had remained under the control of the Corbet family (barons of Caus) and therefore the English king. The cantref of Ystlyg (excluding Y Gorddwr) corresponds to the later hundred of Deuddwr. References History of Powys Cantrefs
子宫内膜息肉症状？子宫内膜息肉是妇科的常见病，表现为突出于子宫腔内的息肉样增生物。目前病因不明，可能与炎症因素、内分泌因素等有关。单发较小的子宫内膜息肉常无临床症状，部分患者可见月经过多及经期延长。应及时去医院就诊。那么，子宫内膜息肉症状是什么呢?我们一起来详细的了解一下吧。子宫内膜息肉可以发生在青春期以后的任何年龄。但是35岁以上的妇女比较多见，单发的、比较小的子宫内膜息肉一般没有临床症状，往往是由于其他疾病切除子宫，在做大体检查的时候被发现，或者是在做诊断性刮宫以后，病例检查，得出了子宫内膜息肉的诊断。如果是多发性的、弥漫性的子宫内膜息肉，患者往往会有月经过多或者是经期延长的表现，这个主要是和子宫内膜面积增加，以及内膜的过度增生有关系。如果是息肉体积比较大，或者是脱出到了宫颈管里，就容易继发感染、坏死，从而引起不规则的出血，甚至会出现有恶臭的血性分泌物的一些表现。常见的症状有，一，白带增多或白带带血丝，一般于性交或者剧烈运动后出血增多，严重的引发子宫不规则出血。二，腹痛，尤其是在月经期腹痛明显，月经干净后症状消失，也就是有痛经症状。三，不孕，这跟子宫息肉的位置有关系，如果长在子宫颈管内，会阻止精子进入宫腔，长在宫腔内可能会妨碍受精卵着床或影响胚胎发育，从而导致不孕。四，月经紊乱，经期延长，经血量过多等。当然，一些比较小的单发性的子宫内膜息肉一般没有明显的症状。需要做彩超等相关检查。子宫内膜息肉可以表现为经期延长淋漓不净可能，或者经量增多伴有血块，或者不易受孕，一般可以通过阴道彩超来初步诊断的，如果月经基本正常无明显经量增多的，可以采取保守治疗，以口服短效避孕药为多，如果内膜息肉伴有月经改变，可以手术治疗。
卡武尔（）是位于意大利西部皮埃蒙特大区都靈廣域市的一个市镇，人口5,481（2004年）。 参见 卡米洛·奔索 (加富尔伯爵) C 皮埃蒙特大区市镇
西藏梨藤竹（学名：）为禾本科藤梨竹属下的一个种。 参考文献 扩展阅读 X
The Suchian was a faunal age of Japan, lasting from 3 to 1.9 million years ago, at the boundary of the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. It corresponds in age to the latter part of the Blancan of North America, and to most of the Piacenzian and Gelasian of Europe. References Geochronology
赛义夫·伊斯兰·穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲（，）是利比亚一位工程師、政治家，为利比亚前领导人穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲的二子，是卡扎菲第二任妻子薩菲亞·法卡許所生的第一胎。自2011年6月被國際刑事法院指控犯下危害人類罪後持續遭通緝，外界認為被利比亞政府關押在某處，不時傳出獲釋消息。 简介 他曾赴瑞士、奥地利、英国等国留学，1994年在的黎波里法塔赫大学获得工程科学学士学位，2000年在奥地利维也纳获得MBA学位，2008年被授予伦敦经济学院博士学位。赛义夫能说一口流利的英语、德语和法语，深受西方思维方式和生活习惯的影响，在绘画上也有成就。现为利比亚卡扎菲慈善基金会主席，他也是卡扎菲最信任最器重的子女，被认为是穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲的接班人，但他並沒有證實。 利比亞內戰 在2011年利比亞內戰中，赛义夫一直扮演重要角色，並率領格達費的支持者打擊反對派。2011年6月27日，格達費、赛义夫以及情报部门阿卜杜拉·塞努西被国际刑事法院以“反人类罪”的罪名被通缉。同年8月21日，利比亞國民解放軍聲稱赛义夫已被逮捕；二天後的清晨，他出面向西方記者表示自己行動自由，未被逮捕；至8月下旬的黎波里被攻克后，他逃往拜尼沃利德继续指挥战斗。10月20日，其父在苏尔特被击毙后，外界不清楚赛义夫的具体下落，有报道指稱他已经逃到尼日尔。 逮捕受审 2011年11月19日，利比亚过渡委宣布，执政当局武装在利比亚南部塞卜哈地区的小镇奥巴里成功抓获卡扎菲次子赛义夫，他的手上包着绷带（認為是在北约一次空袭中炸伤的），落网时他正试图与数名随从逃往邻国尼日尔。利过渡委执委会主席阿卜杜勒·凯卜在利比亚南部城市津坦说：“今天对所有利比亚人来说是一个历史性的时刻，赛义夫落网是对我们过去数个月内所付出努力的回报”，“我向所有利比亚人民和国际社会保证，赛义夫及其追随者将受到公正的审判”。 此后，赛义夫一直被武装组织扣押在的黎波里西北的一个小镇Zintan。2015年7月28日，赛义夫遭到利比亚法庭的审判，他并未出庭受审，而是通过视频向法庭供述。他同前卡扎菲政权总理巴格达迪·马哈茂迪、前情报部门负责人阿卜杜拉·塞努西等其他8名高官一起，被指控在利比亚革命期间通过国家机器、安全部的实施谋杀、处决等罪行，以危害人类罪、战争罪被判处死刑。 2017年6月9日，利比亞武裝組織阿布-伯克爾營釋放獲得東部政府赦免的賽義夫。2019年，国际刑事法院一位检察官表示，赛义夫·伊斯兰本人位於津坦。2021年8月13日，利比亚当局对赛义夫·伊斯兰·卡扎菲发出逮捕令，通缉理由是他涉嫌与俄罗斯雇佣军有联系。同年11月13日，赛义夫·伊斯兰登记竞选利比亚总统；11月17日，赛义夫·伊斯兰開設推特账户，发文呼吁利比亚民众参加选举，但該账户開設数小时后被关闭。 参考文献 卡扎菲子女 利比亞政治人物 倫敦大學校友 倫敦政治經濟學院校友 利比亞遜尼派穆斯林 的黎波里人 国际刑事法院被起诉人 有抄襲爭議的人物
燦亮麗鯛（学名：Lamprologus speciosus）為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目慈鯛科的其中一種，分布於非洲坦干伊喀湖西南部流域，為特有種，體長可達5公分，棲息在沙底質水域，成小群活動，居住在蝸牛殼，生活習性不明，可作為觀賞魚。 其种加词“speciosus”意为“好看的”、“艳丽的”。 參考文獻 C C C
德烏關係可以指： 德國－烏克蘭關係 德國－烏茲別克斯坦關係 使用簡稱式標題的國際關係條目
请描述薄荷茴桉苯甲酸钠含片的作用类别？本品为五官科类非处方药药品。
颈部烧伤的原因是什么？(一)发病原因　　大多数人都认为高温是引起烧伤的唯一原因，然而，某些化学物质和电流也能引起灼伤。皮肤常常只是身体烧伤的一部分，皮下组织也可能被烧伤，甚至没有皮肤烧伤时，也可能有内部器官烧伤。例如，饮入很烫的液体或腐蚀性的物质(如酸等)能灼伤食管和胃。在建筑物火灾中，吸入烟或热空气，可能造成肺部烧伤。　　烧伤的组织可能坏死。组织烧伤时，血管内的液体渗出引起组织水肿。大面积烧伤时，血管渗透性异常，丢失大量液体，可能引起休克(见第24节)。休克时，血压很低，流到大脑和其他重要器官的血流量减少。　　电灼伤是由电流流经身体时产生5000以上高温引起的，有时又称为电弧烧伤。在电流进入身体的部位，皮肤常常被完全破坏和烧焦(见第278节)。因为接触带电体的皮肤电阻很高，大量的电能在那里转换成热量使表面烧伤。大多数电灼伤也严重损伤皮下组织，烧伤的范围和深度各不相同。影响范围可能比灼伤皮肤的面积大得多。严重的电休克可使呼吸暂停、心律不齐，引起危险的心率紊乱。　　化学烧伤可由各种刺激性和有毒的化学物质引起，包括强酸、强碱、苯酚、甲苯(有机溶剂)、芥子气、磷等。化学烧伤可引起组织坏死并在烧伤后几小时慢慢扩展。　　影响皮肤损伤程度的因素有以下4个：　　1.温度 引起皮肤烧伤的最低温度为44，温度一时间曲线在45～50之间呈线形，而在5l以上呈渐进性，在70暴露1秒钟即可引起跨表皮坏死。　　2.热源的性质 干热导致组织干燥和炭化，而湿热引起非透明凝固;液性浸渍性烧伤比溅泼性者严重。强酸可使组织脱水、蛋白沉淀及凝固，一般不起水疱，迅速结痂。强碱除引起组织脱水和脂肪皂化外，还可形成可溶性碱性蛋白穿透深层组织。　　3.暴露持续时间。　　4.皮肤厚度。　　(二)发病机制　　热损伤的发病机制包括多种同时发生的病理生理过程，如细胞蛋白质的变性及凝固和酶的失活，前列腺素、激肽、5-羟色胺、组胺、氧基、脂过氧物等化学介质的释放导致毛细血管通透性增加和水肿。大面积烧伤损害吞噬细胞的吞噬作用和T细胞引起免疫抑制。血液供应的减少可导致相对缺氧和休克。
Sine'skwela (, a portmanteau of the Filipino words "sine" and "eskwela"), alternatively known as School on Air, is a Philippine educational children's television series produced by ABS-CBN Foundation (formerly ABS-CBN Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation), Science Education Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS, now the Department of Education or DepEd). The show aims to educate children about science. Format Sine'skwela is a curriculum-based show, in line with the science classes of public elementary students from Grade 2 to 6 in the Philippines. The Department of Education mandated that the show will be used as a reference for school classes and be screened at least once a week. The episodes does not only focus on basic library research but also on conducted laboratory experiments and field investigations. Presentation Sine'skwela simplified the complicated principles of science and technology by casting animated characters, dramatization and colorful visual effects. It also taught children the practical application of science in everyday life. Originally the show cast had been subsequently changed yearly on a basis during the run of the program, the original concept which runs on a segment-by-segment manner from 1994 till 1995 when the conceptualization of segments and scenarios of the script which now based on an academic approval from the Department of Education from 1996 the end of the run. Cast Regular cast Jon Santos Tom Taus John Prats Camille Prats Antoinette Taus Audie Gemora Panjee Gonzalez as Ate Stella Christine Bersola as Anatom Brenan Espartinez as Agatom Ding Lucina Icko Gonzales as Kuya Bok Sheena Ramos as Palikpik Maan Munsayac as Kulitsap Roobak Valle as Ugat-Puno Kjell Villamarin Allyzon Lualhati Giselle Sanchez Winnie Cordero as Teacher Wackee / Ate Winnie Agatha Tapan as Mai-Mai Ricardo Flores as Migo BJ Rodriguez John Wayne Sace as Emilio Soliman Cruz as Mang Anding Hazel Ann Mendoza as Hazel Gerard Pizarras as Kuya Joel Bryan Homecillo as Elvis Lovely Rivero Tado Jimenez Shiela May Junsay as Binhi John Manalo as Pepe Bombi Plata as Buhawi Guest cast Julius Babao Joji Isla Lou Veloso Lester Llansang Carlo Aquino Archie Adamos Marc Solis Mon Ilagan Gus Abelgas Erwin Tulfo Jao Mapa Empoy Marquez Bob dela Cruz as Mang Tomas - "Avian Flu" episode (2007) Kim Atienza Bodjie Pascua Ernie Baron Production The Sine'skwela Creative Committee made the concept for the television series in 1993. The committee was composed of an executive producer, a science research coordinator, a head writer, and consultants from the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS, later became the Department of Education or DepEd), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the University of the Philippines Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development (UP ISMED). There are five stages in the process of producing an episode. Sine'skwela was first aired on June 13, 1994, and its success led to the production of similar educational shows such as Hiraya Manawari, Math-Tinik, Epol/Apple and Bayani. Sine'skwela aired its final episode in 2004. Re-runs Beginning on March 28, 2020, the show's episodes were rerun on ABS-CBN as part of the programming change the network made due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Accolades Sine'skwela was awarded the Priz de Jeunesse at the 20th Television Science Programme in Paris, France in 2003. The winning episode, titled "Polluted Waters" and directed by John Red, featured the Pasig River as its subject and how human activity contributes to its degradation. References 1994 Philippine television series debuts 2004 Philippine television series endings 2007 Philippine television series debuts 2010 Philippine television series endings 1990s Philippine television series 2000s Philippine television series 2010s Philippine television series ABS-CBN original programming Studio 23 original programming Children's education television series Filipino-language television shows Philippine children's television series Philippine educational television series Science education television series
福濟（），原名福克精阿，字春瀛，号元修，必禄氏，又作碧鲁氏，满洲镶白旗人，清朝政治人物。道光辛卯科举人，十三年癸巳科进士。 生平 由翰林院庶吉士授编修。先后任兵部侍郎，镶白旗蒙古副都统，总管内务府大臣，云贵总督，安徽巡抚，定边左副将军等职。诰授光祿大夫。 家庭及关联 曾祖博爾準； 祖良辅，光禄寺正卿； 父恩慶，户部云南司员外郎； 嫡妻伍弥特氏，三等继勇公、巴图鲁德楞泰之孙女，一等繼勇侯苏崇阿之女，道光壬辰进士、刑部尚书、文定公花沙纳之胞妹； 继妻觉罗氏，陕甘总督覺羅乐斌之女； 再繼妻鄂济氏，陕甘总督宜綿之孙女、烏什杭阿之女； 子长霖，户部云南司郎中； 女儿必禄氏，和硕睿懿亲王德长嫡福晋、同治戊辰进士，吏部尚书锡珍(文绣的祖父)的夫人、同治乙丑进士福臣之妻 孙子善佺，光绪甲午举人，法部左丞； 曾孙女必禄氏，郡王衔多罗贝勒載洵嫡夫人、和硕恭賢亲王溥伟嫡福晋。 曾孙彬恂，彬恂之女嫁載濤之子溥侒。 延伸阅读 參考來源 道光十一年辛卯恩科舉人
青蟹的生活习性是什么?？1．栖息习性青蟹为滩栖游泳蟹类，生活在潮间带泥滩或泥沙质的滩涂上，喜停留在滩涂水洼之处及岩石缝等处。白天多穴居，夜间四处觅食。尤其是在涨潮的夜晚显得更为活跃，由于它的眼晴和触角感觉灵敏，故夜间活动自如；夏天青蟹活动更为频繁，低潮水浅时多潜伏泥底以避暑热，有时可见成群青蟹在干热时用步足撑起体躯离开温度高的滩面乘凉；冬季活 动较少，天气寒冷时在低潮浅附近掘穴过冬，其穴洞大小深度随个体大小及潮区的增高而加深，高潮区穴洞有时可达1米以上。青蟹在水中依靠末对步足频频划动向左、右前方前进，但多数情况下随流而动，受惊或遇障碍可迅速后退，在滩面上侧以步足爬行，感觉灵敏，行动自如。2．栖息环境条件青蟹是广温广盐海产蟹类，其生存水温7～37°C，适宜生长水温15～31°C，最适水温18～25°C，15°C以下时，生长明显减慢，水温降至7～8.5°C时，停止摄食与活动，进入休眠与穴居状态。水温稳定在18°C以上时，雌蟹开始产卵，幼蟹频频脱壳长大，水温升至37°C以上时，青蟹不摄食，水温升至39°C时，青蟹背甲出现灰红斑点，身体逐渐衰老死亡。青蟹的生存盐度2.6‰～55‰，适应范围6.5‰～33‰，最适盐度12.8‰～26.2‰（比重1.010～1.021）。青蟹难以适应盐度的剧烈变动，盐度突变会引起"红芒"和"白芒"两种疾病，甚至死亡。因此，每年梅雨季节，由于短时间内突发大雨或连续的降雨，人工养殖池盐度突变，使青蟹死亡率增高。青蟹耐干能力较强，离水后只要鳃腔里存有少量水份，鳃丝湿润，便可存活数天或数十天。3．青蟹的食性青蟹的食性很杂，以动物性食物为主。食物组成中以软体动物和小型甲壳动物为主，胃含物中经常出现双壳类的壳缘，绞合部残片，腹足类的厣，残缺的螺轴，方蟹类的残肢和头胸甲碎片。青蟹也常以滩涂蠕虫为食，也食小鱼、小虾，有时在胃中也有发现植物的茎叶碎片。人工养殖的青蟹，对饵料无严格的选择，小杂鱼、虾、小型贝类（蓝蛤、寻氏肌蛤、河蚬、蛳螺等）、豆饼、花生饼均可为食，青蟹有同类互相残杀的习性，常捕食刚脱壳的软壳蟹。
大齒鰺（学名：），为輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鰺科的一个种。 分類及命名 本種首先由Bernard GermaindeLacépède於1801年以Centronotus glaycos的名義進行科學描述。1903年，查爾斯·泰特·裡根（Charles Tate Regan）將該物種轉移到一個新屬Campogramma，創造了今天使用的有效組合。本種有兩個初級同義詞，第一個在1941年被Delsman描述為Oligoplites africana，第二個在1955年由Dollfus描述，他們命名為Campogramma lirio。 分布 本魚分布於東大西洋，從不列顛群島至加納利群島海域，包括地中海西部，為亞熱帶海水魚，棲息深度15-30公尺。 特徵 本魚體呈紡錘型，背側輪廓比腹側輪廓稍微凸出，上顎寬而圓，其上端和下顎均有一排寬大且間隔寬的犬齒。背鰭2個，背鰭硬棘7枚、背鰭軟條30枚、臀鰭硬棘2枚、臀鰭軟條23-24枚，體上半部鋼青色至綠色，深色的顏色終止於一系列鋸齒狀的凸起，腹面顏色為銀色到白色，所有鰭都是透明的灰色，除了尾鰭通常是黃色的，體長可達60公分，體重可達2.8公斤。 生態 成魚棲息在大洋或淺海區，以其他魚類為食，生活習性不明，可做為食用魚及遊釣魚。它通常以新鮮，冷凍或乾燥和鹽醃的形式出售，也用於生產魚粉和油。 參考 C galycos C
"Fight on, Pennsylvania!" is the University of Pennsylvania's primary fight song. The song's lyrics were written by Ben S. McGiveran (Class of 1923) during his sophomore year. The music was composed by David Zoob (also Class of 1923 and Penn Law Class of 1927). The copyright was held by the Houston Club. (However, the Houston Club was deemed unnecessary and replaced by a separate entity in 1929—the Houston Hall Board. The name Houston Club is still used as nickname for the student union.) The chorus of "Fight on, Pennsylvania!" is played by The University of Pennsylvania Band every time the Pennsylvania football team scores. The lyrics are also sung. References University of Pennsylvania American college songs Ivy League fight songs
文明史（History of civilization）是一種撰述歷史的類型。 從字面上來看，文明史是指人类发展过程中成果积累的历史，文明是指具有进步价值取向的人类求生存、求发展的创造活动和成果；文明史中特別強調的人、生产力和社会、文化的整体演变过程。 更深入地來看，相較於一般的歷史論著，以文明史為題的歷史論著，其中隱含的是一種從啟蒙運動以來的一種歷史觀，或可稱作文明史觀，亦即將人的歷史視為人類文明演進的歷史，其中又常依照地域或文明類型區分出不同的文明，例如西方文明、埃及文明、中國文明等。又按照從原始到進步，分成農業文明、工業文明等等。 在這種史觀之下，與「文明演進」無關的內容，可能被捨棄忽略，其中被認為「落後」「不文明」的人群或歷史就會被排除於其外。 這種強調人類歷史進步的史觀在二十世紀以來受到批判，包括以今人對於進步的想法套用於歷史，對於歷史實際上非線性或靜態「不發展」狀況的忽略等等。 文明史中，最著名的著作之一，是威爾．杜蘭的巨著《》 歷史學 各種主題的歷史
头部发胀，有痛感是怎么回事？头部发胀，有痛感症状可能是由于颈椎病引起的。颈部的骨性增生等在低头时压迫供应脑部的血管，导致一过性的供血不足而至眩晕和头胀痛。建议可以针灸治疗颈椎病，平时多做颈部的反向运动，动作柔和，可通过游泳放风筝等活动来改善，不要长期伏案或用电脑。1.颈椎间盘退行性变颈椎间盘退行性变是导致颈椎病的最基本原因。2.损伤急性损伤可使原本已经发生退变的颈椎和椎间盘损害加重，从而诱发颈椎病；慢性损伤（如不良的睡眠体位、不当的工作姿势、不适当的体育锻炼等）对已退变的颈椎加速其退变过程，导致人体提前出现颈椎病的症状。3.颈椎发育性椎管狭窄在胚胎时期或机体发育过程中椎弓根过短，导致椎管矢状径小于正常。在此基础上，即使发生轻微的退行性变，也可出现压迫症状诱发颈椎病。颈椎病的症状主要有颈背疼痛、上肢无力、手指发麻、下肢乏力、行走困难、头晕、恶心、呕吐，甚至视物模糊、吞咽困难等。日常护理长期伏案工作者，应定时改变头部体位，按时做颈肩部肌肉的锻炼。注意端正头、颈、肩、背的姿势，不要偏头耸肩、谈话、看书时要正面注视。要保持脊柱的正直。饮食调理宜多食高蛋白高钙食物，如：鱼、鸡肉、鸭肉、牛奶、豆制品、虾类，另外多吃新鲜蔬菜水果。其他注意由于颈椎病病程长，病情常有反复，发作时症状可能比较重，影响日常生活和休息，因此既要消除紧张恐惧心理，又要防止消极心态、放弃积极治疗。治疗方针控制症状、减少复发、提高患者生活质量。手术治疗严重有神经根或脊髓压迫者，必要时可手术治疗。其他治疗运动疗法，慎用牵引治疗。温热敷：可用热毛巾和热水袋局部外敷，急性期患者疼痛症状较重时不宜作温热敷治疗。理疗，牵引治疗（必须在医院进行）等。
关于耶和华见证人的论战是指傳統的基督宗教與基督教非傳統教派耶和华见证人之間的矛盾。耶和华见证人的信仰與生活確實與傳統的基督宗教並不同，例如耶和华见证人不参与政治，从科学层面上反对普遍基督宗教官方承认的进化论等。而耶和华见证人对傳統习俗和其它宗教仪式的观点與現時傳統的基督宗教大相径庭，所以這论战一直是基督宗教界中不休的争论话题。对于耶和华见证人就《圣经》的解释，無論是教义、生活习惯和一些做法亦引起外界一些争议和质疑。 这个条目引出的是基督宗教與耶和华见证人之間普遍存在的主要争议，争论焦点主要是对《圣经》的翻译和阐述、对输血的态度、对其他宗教的成员和离开成员之态度等。 信條的差異 耶和華見證人的一些教義與傳統主流的基督宗教（指羅馬天主教、東正教和新教）不同，某些差異在教義上十分重要，有的則相對次要，比較如下： *傳統主流基督教包括羅馬天主教,東正教和新教教會 《聖經》翻译 圣经新世界译本(NWT)为耶和华见证人從聖經原文希伯來文、阿拉米文、希臘文直接翻译的《圣经》，主張絕非來自任何聖經譯本。雖然圣经新世界译本的出版得少數學者賞識，但新世界譯本亦受基督教的护教者、希腊文和希伯来文法学者批评。其批评包括認為耶和华见证人改变《圣经》內容以适应教派的教义，翻译本也包含了一些错误和偏差。 翻譯委員會 圣经新世界译本所有翻譯員均是匿名的，指翻译来自上帝不是来自人的见解。圣经新世界译本的前言中，出版者表示翻译員「自覺要對上帝負責，把他的思想和聖諭譯文盡力傳達確切無誤」。批评者則质疑指，这意味着翻译者的能力和可信度无法检测。耶和华见证人對這些批评提出異議，指新世界译本並非出版者的妄自推測而是有其依據的。 神學觀點 新世界译本採用直譯方式將《聖經》從原文的希伯來文、阿拉米文、希臘文翻譯為現代語言，務求使譯文不受派系傳統和俗世的哲學所影響。批评者則批评为「或者添加」和「或者选择翻译」圣经原文，以附和該教派的觀點。这些批评涉及到否定耶稣是上帝、否定灵魂不死和耶稣再临等主張。 其中最具争议的经文是《聖經·約翰福音》1:1的翻譯:（差异用粗体标注） 「太初有道、道與上帝同在、道就是上帝。」 (最普遍的中文翻译——和合本聖經—上帝版) 「在起初已有聖言，聖言與天主同在，聖言就是天主。」 (羅馬天主教教廷唯一認可法定的中文版本聖經——思高聖經）。 "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."(最普遍的英語翻译——新国际版圣经和钦定版圣经) 「在最初就有話語，話語與上帝同在，話語是個神。」(新世界译本—中文版) "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was a god."(新世界译本—英語版) 兩者的差異在於希臘原文上的翻譯，上帝（the·os'）在同一節希臘原文中出現了2次。字詞第一次出現時，上帝（the·os'）前有定冠詞，特指某一位；字詞第二次出現時，卻沒有定冠詞。守望台圣经书社指后一个字詞翻译是按照原文的字面意思，因为希腊语描述的是「話語（道）是個神（有別於上帝）」，神只是像上帝那样的大能或者一个神（a god）。 有些学者承认「是个神」可能是过去字面上的翻译， 尽管这不是他们喜欢看到的。 有些学者也认为字面上的翻译不体现人称，應决定耶稣的性质(类神的实质或本质) 。大多數的学者不同意此翻译，反對者 把新世界译本这节经文的翻译描述為“一个可怕的误译”、“畸形的”、“知性上不诚实的”、“完全站不住脚的”、“根据从基本的希腊语文法上完全无知的”。 新世界译本中其它引起翻译争议的經文还有路加福音23:43、约翰福音 8:58、使徒行传20:28、歌罗西书1:15-20、提多书2:13、希伯来书1:8和启示录3:14。另外，新世界译本中翻译希腊语proskuneo的經文也颇受争议。因在新世界译本將这个词语一般译为「崇拜」，当与耶稣有关的时候则会翻译成「下拜」。守望台书社曾在《Insight on the Scriptures》解释这一翻译原因，主要是表達敬意的習俗而非崇拜。 使用上帝名字「耶和華」 《希伯來語經卷》（即《舊約聖經》）中，上帝的四字神名在聖經原文共出現6,828次。圣经新世界译本在《希臘語經卷》（即《新约圣经》）中，使用「耶和华」為上帝名字共237次。而一般的聖經譯本所根据翻译的希腊语手稿新约譯本，并不包含「耶和华」这个名字。（新世界译本在旧约部分使用神名“耶和华”的次數，比现存的希伯来语手稿多出145次。） 耶和华见证人指「耶和华」这个名字早在原始的《希臘語經卷》中就存在並被正当使用，只是公元四世纪前后被替换為希腊语的“上帝”或“主”等頭銜。故《希臘語經卷》依據參考的好些希伯來語譯本，在新世界译本恢復使用此神名。 禁戒血 耶和华见证人拒绝接受全血和各种血液成分(红细胞、白细胞、血浆和血小板)。因为他们的信条表明血是神性的在上帝眼中代表生命。耶和华见证人理解圣经中利未记17:10-14的记载(说要禁戒血)包括禁止输血。 尽管争论不再激烈，但是批评者依然指出见证人对血的策略不完全一致。 血液成分 如果是血液的微量成分，每个人都要根据自己的良心选择是否接受。因为很难界定，到底到什么级别就不是血液了。当物质被分成很小，那它就可能不再认为是原来的物质了。因此耶和华见证人个人要对是否接受血液成分作出选择。 这些区分血液主要成分和次要成分而有把全血或者全部血液成分倒在地上的观点招致来自如耶和华见证人血液改革协会的组织批评。 根据作者Kerry Louderback-Wood所说,守望台所说的允许成分如果放到一块就是"完全的血液成分". 例如在血浆中，90-96%是水。剩余的部分主要是白蛋白，球蛋白纤维蛋白原和凝血因子。这四种成分允许使用，但是必须是经过分离的。批评者把这个比喻为，不准吃火腿和奶酪三明治但是允许分开吃面包、火腿和奶酪。 如果这样考虑，重要的是记住耶和华见证人不接受全血和血液的主要成分。如果一个成分，是“血液主要成分用来补充重要蛋白”或者"执行主要成分的关键功能" 就要拒绝接受。 人体中含有2－3公斤的白细胞，但是只有3%在血液里。白细胞被认为是血液的主要成分因此被禁止。人乳中每毫升包含50万－5百万的白细胞, 然而这并不被禁止。 保存和无偿献血 耶和华见证人完全拒绝存储血液，根据是圣经上说要将血倒到地上。根据这一理解，不能使用预先储存的自体血液应付急救。另一方面他们却接受来自血库的别人捐献的血液成分。8号因子是一种用于血友病的凝血因子制剂，是守望台圣经书社指导允许使用的。批评人士指出，维持一名患者一生平均用量所需的制剂需要从10万升捐献血液中提取。 同样情况，耶和华见证人接受来自捐献血液的成分却不遵守圣经禁戒血的观点。这就导致批评者找到他们自相矛盾的政策。 法律责任的考虑 不管医学方面的考虑，耶和华见证人建议医生要尊重患者选择哪一种疗法的权利（如果见证人选了了血液疗法，他就会收到来自宗教的制裁）。 因此, 美国法庭往往不倾向追究医师的责任，如果患者自己的请求导致副作用的话。然而，无论在什么情况下，医师的观点不能超越患者的宗教愿望(例如，参看法国)。 这个问题有很大争议，特别是未成年的儿童。在美国很多医生在面对儿童患者时，都要在征得监护人同意的前提下试着研究和探索使用无血替代疗法。然而，某些州法律要求医师如果专业观点认为有必要，可以使用基于血的疗法防止直接死亡或者严重永久性伤害 。 一篇题目为《耶和华见证人, 输血，和误传的民事侵权》的短讯在贝勒大学的《Journal of Church and State》2005年12月13日出版的秋季刊刊出，讨论可能带来的风险，这个风险指耶和华见证人由于信仰原因，由于误传输血的医疗风险的所签署的合法声明，所引出的高额赔偿。 由于这个短文,引出了关于信仰自由原因要自行承担责任这一事实。 动物血 守望台也声称“不同的医疗产品采集自不同的药源，或者动物或者人……这些商品化的……血对遵守上帝律法的真基督徒是强大的试练。我们的造物主认为血是神圣的，代表上帝给与的生命……它一旦离开生物身体就要倒在地上，掩埋掉。” 尽管这么说，用于贫血的血液替代疗法所使用的牛血红蛋白化学稳定剂却是被一些见证人接受的。 对其它宗教的看法 据说“常年以来耶和华见证人最受争议地一点就是他们直言不讳地谴责其它宗教、宗教领袖和神职人员。”在1930-40年代，耶和华见证人的出版物被描述为“声名狼藉的反天主教”书籍, 诸如一张图画把天主教描写成老妓女醉薰薰的摇晃着步入火和硫磺里。见证人这段时间公开地攻击那些被认为在战争中努力与政府合作的教会和神职人员。大多数富有攻击性地小册子就在这个时候诞生。 守望台圣经书社1938年出版的名为《Enemies》的书包含了更多直接的谴责，矛头不管指向天主教、新教和犹太教。它把天主教会描述为一个“淫婦”，有「血的记录… 很多罪行… 丑恶的历史」。这本书还引用说： 二战後，耶和华见证人的出版物没有再像過往那样攻击其他教会，但仍把所有耶和华见证人以外的宗教归到“大巴比伦， 所有错误宗教的王”，把這些宗教描绘成《启示录》17章所记载骑着野兽上的淫婦。耶和华见证人继续谴责其它宗教，并拒绝與跟其他教会有任何关系。其出版物依旧是充满了天主教宗教和民权联盟认为的反天主教论调。例如被《1998 Report on Anti-Catholicism》引用的在一个出版物中描述一个人在圣母马利亚像前跪下祷告，其标题是「一些偶像崇拜。上帝说你崇拜时，不能使用偶像...」 守望台社的声明 批评者視守望台社出版物內的聲稱為抨擊目標，抨擊特别来自那些主流基督宗教和前耶和华见证人。这些批评主要集中在教义争论，教义的改变和没有應验的预言。下面列表是一些关于争议的资料，在很多书籍 和很多网页中可以找到。 没有應验的预言 守望台社的出版物曾刊載而没有應验的预言如下: 1907年: 哈米吉多顿在1914年到来。 1917年:1918年上帝会大规模摧毁教会和數以百万计的教会成员 1922-1923年: 复活将在1925年发生。为了1925年的大日子，守望台社已在加利福尼亚获得了一块物業，在其上要盖一座大厦。这些房子會留给一些在1925年复活的人居住，诸如亚伯拉罕, 摩西, 大卫和撒母耳。 1938年: 1938年，哈米吉多顿与婚姻和养育儿童紧密相关。 1941年: 离哈米吉多顿只有短短数月 1969年: 人类的历史不足以让这一代年轻人变老，世界将会在“未来几年”结束。因此，年轻的见证人受鼓勵不用接受高等教育。 1969年: 基督的千年统治开始于1975年。 1984: 有“很多迹象”表明，末日在20世纪末“临近”。 一些基督教护教论者批评守望台社预言未来，就像一个“先知”， 守望台社的出版物經常引用守望台社來代指這組織是「先知」。 守望台社被指责发布关于未来的错误预言，声明这些人已经由于"错误的预言而有负罪感". 基督教护教者指守望台社并不代表上帝，並引據《聖經·申命记》18:22:「若有先知擅敢託我的名說我所未曾吩咐他說的話，或是奉別神的名說話，那先知就必治死。」(圣经和合本) 1908年前守望台社声称「我们并未预言，而是仅仅给主我们的猜测....我们甚至没有“断言”，在我们时间的计算没有错误。我们只是把这些摆在你面前，让每一个人检验他的自己相信还是怀疑这些。」他们也说明，他们没有预言的天赋。 之后针对“错误预言”解释并未得到先知的灵感，這些预言从来没有以上帝的名义發出，而只是作为对《圣经》的阐述。 教义的改变 守望台社从开始已数次修改對末世论教义。关于这个问题的论战，守望台社回應: 人只能通过耶和华见证人的组织才能完全地正确的理解《圣经》和上帝的旨意。 见证人鼓励“統一性”，特别是对圣经的理解,” 即使對教导猜疑，但是仍愿相信其出版物。 关于世界末日的预言，守望台社曾修改了好多次。最主要有日期如哈米吉多顿、人类世界的末日、基督再临(参看右表)。 例如，1914年前，他们曾声称哈米吉多顿在1914年终止。1915年同一本书说哈米吉多顿在那一年结束。現今的耶和华见证人，仍热切期待哈米吉多顿迫切来临。 对《圣经》的其它解释也被批评者记录下来，这包括对《圣经》本身 圣经中人物的解释 人死后能得到第二次机会么？还有争议最多的关于输血。守望台社对于诸如疫苗接种或者高等教育的解释，亦随着时间過去而有所改变。 自我声明 很多针对守望台社(或者大部分耶和华见证人)的批评，除预言外还在于其出版物所“制造的”自我称谓。批评质疑守望台社称谓的可信性，如： 守望台社是上帝使用的“唯一渠道”不断传扬真理 守望台社是由“耶和华直接引导”，“在耶稣基督的管理下” 、“在地上唯一直接由上帝的圣灵和大能引导”的組織等。 但守望臺官方解釋稱，根據《聖經》可以判定在如今各色各樣的宗教當中，只有一種才是正確的宗教。（以弗所書4:5,13）要看出那個宗教才是正確的宗教，可以看這個宗教是否真正按照《聖經》的教導去做，如：奉命使人成為基督的門徒，即不斷地向人傳講真理。（馬太福音28:19,使徒行傳8:12；14:21）也可以憑藉信徒所傑出的“果實”認出真偽。（馬太福音7:19,20 路加福音6:43,44；約翰福音15:8）還有就是真正宗教的信徒彼此相愛，團結一致。（約翰福音13:35，哥林多前書1:10，約翰一書4:20）而符合這些條件的只有耶和華見證人。 家庭完整性和思想自由 有些耶和华见证人的批评者 (如Randall Watters, Timothy Campbell, David Grosshoeme, Kaynor Weishaupt, Jan Groenveld, etc.) 用见证人的观点指其政策和行为，压制了家庭关系的完整性和自由思想的能力。 其他人认为部分反邪教運動（Anti-Cult Movement）成员通过强制反思想侵蚀和歧视，侵犯了耶和华见证人的信仰自由。 耶和華見證人宣稱對維繫家庭的團結和諧極為重視，在不少刊物中經常強調在家庭裡實踐愛心和尊重的重要，例如《家庭幸福的秘訣》、《警醒》2009年10月刊。 关于被开除的成员 如果耶和华见证人犯严重错误而不悔改，他们就会被判决开除。所有会中成员都要回避这些人，如果被開除者是需要自己照顧的家人（如年長的父母、未成年的子女等）就要避免和該人在靈性上有任何的接觸，即避免和該人一起參與和耶和華見證人信仰有關的活動，如家庭崇拜（這指的是家人一起研習《聖經》以及相關的書籍的時間），除非該人被會眾重新接納為成員。但偶爾可以和該人（如果對方想的話）單獨討論《聖經》。由于这一信仰的社会性质，被开除的人可能会立即失去大部分朋友，被强有力同群体隔离。 1981年之前，如果一个成员离开但是并没有被开除，其他人不必回避而且也可以继续保持联系。1981年之后，脱离会众的人被看作和犯嚴重的罪被开除的人一样。新的策略意味着会众成员不会被告知某前成員被開除的具體原因，這也是出於保護隱私的考慮。这一政策由前长老团成员雷蒙德·弗朗茨促成. 有人批评，由于害怕被隔离或者家庭破裂导致很多人不敢自由的离开这个宗教。但實際上，耶和華見證人的信條並不禁止成員和教外的人來往，只是告誡成員要提防那些不遵守《聖經》標準的人的不良的思想，至於到底結交與否全憑成員自己的決定。很多被開除的人也的確有很多教外的朋友，因而他們很可能是因為受到與《聖經》相違背的思想的影響從而犯了《聖經》所說的罪因而被開除。耶和華見證人也解釋道這樣做是為了會眾在屬靈方面的安全和健康著想。 耶和华见证人没有准备与自愿离开的人继续保持联系。唯一的離開會眾的方法就是要写一封信，表明希望离开会众或者被开除，但是二者要承受一样的對待。 可以被随意的使用，如果少数人利用威信获得大多数人的同意就可以处罚一个人。 組織紀律 部分批评者指控如果发生性虐待等事件的话，耶和华见证人的组织纪律可能会使犯罪者得到包庇。因为如果虐待报告被证实，如果身体上没有被虐待的证据的话，需要有两个以上的证人或者被告承认其犯罪。因此批评者怀疑因为同为信徒，可能即使有人知道实情也不愿站出来说话，以免使得组织介于尴尬的境地。 然而事实上，一旦发现或接到举报有淫乱，通奸等类似的严重违反《圣经》原则的情况或行为（当然若是涉及到强奸等罪的话同时也违反了所在国或地区的相关法律），会众内部会成立司法委员会对这些问题进行调查。一旦核实，当事人会立即被开除，并在会众当中宣布。守望台官方也曾多次在其出版的杂志和书刊（都为非卖品）上印有鼓励其成员若是发现其他成员有严重的违反《圣经》原则的生活习惯（但并未触犯所在国或地区的法律。如在双方都自愿的情况下发生的婚前性行为等等，这在大多数国家都不违法但却與《圣经》的道德原则不符）或虽不严重但多次被劝诫仍不愿意改正的情况报告给长老的文章。并说明长老会进行进一步督导，若是对方仍不愿做出改正则要被会众开除。 耶和华见证人保护儿童的官方政策谈及报告儿童性虐待程序时说，长老要遵守报告性犯罪者的所有合法需求，包括报告法律所需的未经证实的或者没有确切证据的主张来惩罚恋童癖者。还有着重强调受害人通告当局的权利，如果他们愿意这样做的话。一个 名叫Religious Tolerance.org的网站 关于儿童性虐待案件的文章指出，"守望台社建议受害人的父母或者监护人 — 甚至被告人自己— 向警察报案。" 利用互联网 守望台教导信徒小心使用互联网，提防“有害”的信息。这些信息包括突破道德底线的色情資訊，还有包含危险的“变节者”的引诱。 2000年一期守望台发文指出「某些变节的人經常利用互联网传播关于耶和华见证人的错误信息。因此，如果一个真诚的人去研究我们的信条，就可能接触到这些变节者的宣传。完全避免接触这些观点就能保护我们不受错误想法影響。」 见证人認為存在的有害信息，反对者卻認為信息完全正确。见证人視為“变节者的宣传”，反对者就認為只是另一种观点，可以更加全面的看清问题。见证人通过如《圣经·约翰二书》8-11节的教导应用于这些变节的人，信徒必须留神永远不要接受这些人的任何教诲。 批评者声称这反互联网警告是一个「环境控制」的手段。，通过这手段来控制群体的成员接受与群体有关的负面信息。 耶和华见证人回应这一批评指，各个图书馆分馆有上万的见证人和访客，这里亦有各种反对耶和华见证人的书籍。 联合国 耶和华见证人很早就认为联合国是《聖經·启示录》13:1-18里面的那个“野兽形象” 和《聖經·马太福音》24:15提到的“那使地荒芜的可憎之物”。 耶和华见证人的教条清楚表明the need to be wary of forming voluntary attachments to organizations that have objectives contrary to the Bible. 但《英國衛報》在2001年10月8日发表文章质问守望台圣经书社註册为联合国下属的非政府组织联合国新闻部的成员，並指守望台社伪善。 實際上，聯合國新聞部官方网页已声明：「请注意非政府組織和其下属的联合国新闻部并未合并入联合国系统，也没有授予有关组织或他们的成员认可特权和面和特殊身份。」 几天后，守望台圣经书社提交了一个形式上的请求，断绝一切跟联合国的「来往」，并發一封信給《英國衛報》回應成为非政府组织聯合國新聞部(UNDPI-NGO)成员之主要目的是为访问图书馆资源，在条文中也没有体现从属关系。 支付出版物的营业税 1990年1月17日美国最高法院裁决，宗教出版物不能免税。接下来几个月，守望台社发出一封给全部会众的信说明其出版物将不再收费，出版费用将完全依赖捐款。这耶和华的会众就能大大简化工作，也能与商业化的宗教区分开来。守望台社對并未提及最高法院的裁决，在1990年5月的一出版物交待「反对的声音将会越来越大」，大部分人要“毫无妨碍的关注”全球的传道工作。 参考文献 外部链接 了解耶和华见证人 http://www.douban.com/group/487110/ 赞同观点 耶和华见证人回应儿童性虐待，自官方站点(视频) 耶和华见证人保护儿童官方站点 为新世界译本圣经辩护 关于Erica Rodriguez的诉讼案 NoBlood.org 一个论坛，研究讨论和报告最新的保存血液的技术和替代输血方法。 反对观点 Robinson, B.A. (2003), "耶和华见证人和儿童性虐待" . 历史唯心主义和耶和华见证人 - 文档显示耶和华见证人的历史年代表和守望台社的假想历史 护教学索引 - 从主流基督教观点评论耶和华见证人 与耶和华见证人与血液相关的改革 - 一个站点促进守望台社改变关于血的教条.收入很多守望台社的资源文档和参考文献。 耶和华见证人曝光 -Blue Letter Bible. 检查守望台社的主张。包括对每个论点的分析。 耶和华见证人
小行星4005（4005 Dyagilev）是一颗绕太阳运转的小行星，为主小行星带小行星。该小行星于1972年10月8日发现。 轨道参数 小行星4005的轨道半长轴为2.4515549 UA，离心率为0.149。 参考文献 小行星带天体
F1 Pole Position 64, released in Japan as , is a racing video game for the Nintendo 64 developed by Human Entertainment and published by Human Entertainment in Japan, and published by Ubi Soft for North American and Europe. It is the fifth and final game in the Human Grand Prix / F1 Pole Position series (with the F1 Pole Position branding skipping over the previous III and IV editions), featuring Formula One branding. F1 Pole Position 64 is based on the 1996 Formula One season, although the Japanese version did not have licenses from the FIA or the FOCA. Gameplay The game features all the tracks from the 1996 season, at a time when the racing began in Australia, and ended in Japan. Teams are set up with relevant drivers (with Jacques Villeneuve being replaced with a generic driver named "Driver-X" due to Villeneuve not licensing his likeness), however there is a roster-feature included, which allows the player to reassign drivers to different teams (including assigning the same driver to more than one role), and even removing a real driver and replacing him with unknown drivers named "Driver <1~8>" (Driver 2's image, date of birth and nationality all match that of Ralf Schumacher, who did not begin his F1 career until ; in the Japanese version, the drivers are loosely named after Formula One drivers not racing in 1996). If the player finishes overall first in the World Grand Prix mode, they can change engines between teams as well. Both driver and engine swapping will significantly affect the performance of the car. The car can be controlled with either the analog stick or D-pad on the standard Nintendo 64 controller. Weather is variable, and inclement weather can occur in the middle of a race. On the bottom left corner of the screen are different indicators for car conditions: a fuel gauge and five indicators, one for each part of the car (in order: wings, tires, suspension, brakes and gearbox), all of which change color according to the car's condition, from blue to yellow to red to flashing red. When an indicator reaches flashing red, the player risks retiring from the race if it isn't fixed in time. The main Grand Prix Mode allows players to progress through the racing calendar, with each race being ten laps; there are also battle mode (single race format) and time trial modes. Battle mode allows the player to choose what drivers to race against as well as standard options like laps and weather options. The game features internal vehicle damage (see bottom left of screen shot) but no external, apart from smoke that would appear if a driver blew their engine. The game only allows players to drive by default a maximum of 10 laps on every track, however by holding down a button when one is selecting how many laps to do, the player can exceed that limit and race up to 30 laps. Development The game was showcased at E3 1997. Reception The game received mostly negative reviews. Next Generation said of the Japanese version, "This a game for the starving, desperate Nintendo fan who simply has to have an F1 racing game, quality be damned. If you're not desperate, forget it." However, they found that considerably more work went into the U.S. version, with less pop-up and overall smoother graphics. They reviewed that "All in all, the game will satisfy F1 enthusiasts and may even nab general racing fans as well. With all of its modification choices, tons of courses, modes of play, and real-life racers and courses, F1 is a game worth a look." However, most reviewers commented that even with the improvements made for the U.S. release, the amount of pop-up is unacceptable, the controls are poor, the music is dull and generic, and the engine sounds are high-pitched and completely unrealistic. IGN and GamePro also criticized the lack of any multiplayer, though IGN and Next Generation noted that players can still compete with each other by using the Controller Pak to transfer their records. The most widespread compliment for the game was that the courses are challenging to master. IGN criticised that "the tracks look almost nothing like their real-life counterparts." Glenn Rubenstein, writing for GameSpot, concluded that "it looks good, but that's the only thing it has going for it." In Electronic Gaming Monthly Kraig Kujawa wrote: "For racing simulation fans, F-1 might be worthwhile, but otherwise, don't bother." The game held a 58% score on the review aggregation website GameRankings based on 16 reviews. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 24 out of 40. See also F1 Racing Simulation, a game for the PC by Ubisoft, also based on the 1996 Formula One season Notes References External links 1997 video games Formula One video games Human Entertainment games Human Grand Prix Series Nintendo 64 games Nintendo 64-only games Ubisoft games Video games developed in Japan
老人髋部疼痛的原因是什么？股骨颈骨折是中老年人常见的骨折之一，中老年人的股骨颈骨折几乎全由间接暴力引起，主要为外旋暴力，如平地跌倒、下肢突然扭转等均可引起骨折。一般多数是由于路滑、路不平及上下台阶跌伤时下肢扭转、内翻或外翻。同时还有内在因素，如骨质疏松，其重要原因是年老体弱、神经肌肉调节能力低下、关节不灵活、缺乏对外伤的防御反应。由于老年人股骨颈骨质疏松脆弱，且承受压力较大，所以只需很小的旋转外力，就会引起骨折。老年人外伤后髋部疼痛，不能活动，应考虑是髋部骨折，包括股骨颈骨折。常见的一种特殊表现就是疼痛、压痛。跌伤后髋部疼痛，髋前方有压痛以及叩击足底髋部疼痛，称为间接叩击痛，是骨折的重要体征。老年人跌倒后髋部疼痛，不敢站立和走路，很可能是股骨颈骨折。髋部除有自发疼痛外，活动患肢时疼痛较明显，但有时骨折仅有裂缝而无移位，病人疼痛不明显，甚至还能站立、行走，极易漏诊。
Smash Your Baggage is a 1932 Vitaphone pre-Code short musical comedy film released by Warner Bros., as part of their Vitaphone Varieties series on October 29, 1932. Directed by Roy Mack, the film features African American performers Carrie Marrier, Mabel Scott, the Smalls Paradise Entertainers and Lew Payton who co-wrote and performed in The Chocolate Dandies, a Broadway revue. Variety, in November 1932, described it as "one of those hectic song-and dance melanges". With a script written by A. Dorian Otvos, the film features Elmer Snowden and his Orchestra who perform the "Bugle Call Rag" and other tunes. The featured musicians (all uncredited) include Roy Eldridge (trumpet), Dicky Wells (trombone), Otto Hardwick (alto saxophone) and Sidney Catlett (drums). Plot A group of African American redcaps at a railroad station perform musical numbers to raise donations to support a sick colleague. References External links 1932 films
Aino-Eevi Lukas (29 July 1930 – 5 December 2019) was an Estonian equestrian, lawyer and politician. She competed for the national team in her youth in horse jumping and was the national champion in the obstacle course in 1947 and 1949. Earning a degree in law in 1968, she was recognized as the Estonian Lawyer of the Year in 2003. Post independence, she became the first chair of the Tartu City Council and in 2006, was knighted and the Tartu Medal was bestowed upon her. Early life and sport Aino-Eevi Lukas was born 29 July 1930 in Tallinn, Republic of Estonia to Martha-Katarina (née Mõttus) and Jaan Lukas. Her father was a career military officer who had taken part in the Estonian War of Independence and would later become a Major General and the Chief of Staff of the Estonian rifle corps. She attended Tallinn Secondary School No. 7, completing her education in 1948. During her schooling, in 1945, Lukas began riding horses, training under Evald Nõmme and Martin Sootsi. She was selected for the Estonian national team and participated in show jumping obstacle courses, becoming the national obstacles champion of the Estonian SSR in both 1947 and 1949. When in 1950 her father was arrested in the power struggle for party leadership of the Estonian SSR, Lukas left Estonia for fear of reprisals. She began competing for Russia, as a representative of Spartak in Moscow. That year she placed 3rd in the Soviet national jumping championship and was the jumping champion of the Moscow club for 1950 and 1951. In 1952, she became a coach-rider at the Kolmeurne Country Sports Association of Abkhazia, and was the Abkhazian/Georgian national champion between 1952 and 1955. Though her father died in 1953 at the Tayshet forced labor camp in Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Lukas would not return to Estonia until 1955. Career During her years of competitive jumping, Lukas wrote about equestrian events using the pseudonym A. Loos. She attended law school at Tartu State University (now, the University of Tartu), earning her degree in 1961. After graduating she worked as a journalist and from 1963 to 1968, was the editor-in-chief of the publisher Eesti Raamat. In 1968, Lukas began working as a lawyer, holding positions on the Legal Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and in the Estonian State Publishing House. As a legal adviser, she assisted in drafting the statutes for the City of Tartu. In 1989, she was elected as the first woman and first chair of the Tartu City Council, after Estonia declared its sovereignty from the USSR the previous year. She was instrumental in establishing new foreign relationships during her tenure and re-establishing independent legislation, while maintaining legal continuity. After her term on the Council ended in 1993, Lukas served as an appointed defense counsel for the Supreme Court of Estonia in criminal cases. She was recognized as the Estonian "Lawyer of the Year" in 2003 and in 2006 was awarded the Tartu Medal and knighted. In 2008, she co-authored, along with historian Ago Pajur and Uno Lõhmus a judge for the European Court of Justice, Kindral. Professor. Vandeadvokaat (General. Professor. Sworn Advocate.). The memoirs contain reminiscences of Lukas about her own life, that of her father, and of her husband, . Death and legacy Lukas died on 5 December 2019 in Tartu and her final services were held at the Tartu Crematorium on 13 December. References Citations Bibliography 1930 births 2019 deaths People from Tallinn Sportspeople from Tallinn Estonian female equestrians University of Tartu alumni Estonian women lawyers Estonian politicians Estonian women in politics 20th-century Estonian lawyers 21st-century Estonian lawyers 20th-century women lawyers 21st-century women lawyers
Rhizoctonia noxia is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are thin, effused, and web-like. The species is tropical to sub-tropical and is mainly known as a plant pathogen, the causative agent of "kole-roga" or black rot of coffee and various blights of citrus and other trees. Taxonomy The fungus responsible for kole-roga of coffee was sent from India to Mordecai Cubitt Cooke at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew who named it Pellicularia koleroga in 1876. Cooke, however, described only hyphae and some small warted spores, later presumed to be from a contaminating mould. As a result Donk, when reviewing Pellicularia in 1954, dismissed both the genus and P. koleroga as "nomina confusa", later (1958) substituting the new name Koleroga noxia for the species. Based on a re-examination of specimens, Roberts (1999) considered Koleroga to be a synonym of Ceratobasidium. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has, however, now placed Ceratobasidium species (excepting the type) in synonymy with Rhizoctonia. means "rot disease" in the Kannada language of Karnataka. Description Fruit bodies are effused, thin, and whitish. Microscopically they have colourless hyphae, 3 to 8 μm wide, without clamp connections. The basidia are ellipsoid to broadly club-shaped, 10 to 12 by 7 to 8 μm, bearing four sterigmata. The basidiospores are narrow and fusiform, 9 to 13 x 3 to 5 μm. Habitat and distribution Rhizoctonia noxia has only been collected as a plant pathogen on living stems and leaves of commercial crops (including coffee, citrus, and persimmon) on which it causes a web blight. It has been reported from Asia (including India and Vietnam) and from the Americas (including Colombia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, United States, and Venezuela). References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Cantharellales Taxa named by Marinus Anton Donk Fungi described in 1958
洛水川主廟位於四川省德陽市什邡市，文物遺址年代判定為清至民國。2012年7月16日公佈為第八批四川省文物保護單位。 洛水川主廟，原名洛水四川會館，位於四川省德陽市什邡市洛水鎮柳河社區，坐西向東，建築面積500平方公尺，占地面積800平方公尺。現存靈冠殿、JI]主殿、老君殿及兩側廂房組成兩進四合院。川主殿、老君殿、南側廂房為清代建築，靈冠殿、北側廂房為二十世紀九十年代重建的仿古建築。川主殿為重簷歇山式屋頂，小青瓦覆面，抬梁穿斗混合式屋架，面闊六閏21.7公尺，進深五間7公尺，通高11公尺，建築面積150平方公尺；老君殿為單簷懸山式屋頂，小青瓦覆面，抬梁穿斗混合式屋架，面闊五間23公尺，進深七間15公尺，通高10公尺，建築面積345平方公尺，前廊卷棚，有民國時期壁畫十余幅。洛水川主廟古建築體量宏大，結構完整，具有川西地區川主廟的典型佈局特色，對研究什邡道教歷史及建築格局具有較重要的價值。該文物為第三次全國文物普查新發現。 註釋
胆汁淤积皮肤瘙痒症状？妊娠胆汁淤积症是只有孕妇才会发生的特殊病症，每100例孕妇中有2．3～3．4人发生。皮肤瘙痒是首先出现的症状，大多发生在孕28～30周，但最早在孕12周即可发生。随着孕期的进展，皮肤愈来愈痒，以躯干及下肢为主，严重者可波及全身，夜间尤甚，影响睡眠，瘙痒难忍时抓痕累累。分娩后1～2天瘙痒迅速消失，少数持续1周。瘙痒数周后约有50%孕妇出现黄疸，但仅眼睛巩膜轻度黄染，部分孕妇还有食欲减退、腹泻、乏力、腹胀等不适，但不严重。实验室检查，血清结合胆酸水平升高，1/5～2/3病人血清胆红素轻度升高，80%多的孕妇血清谷丙转氨酶轻度升高。再次妊娠，本病可以再次发生。病人常有家族史，其母与姐妹往往有同样病史，故认为本病同常染色体遗传病有关。妊娠胆汁淤积症比妊娠合并病毒性肝炎更常见。胆汁淤积症状体征：①妊娠中、晚期先出现全身瘙痒，夜间更为严重，无特异性皮疹。②无肝炎病史或接触史，也常无消化道症状及肝脏肿大，且无叩击痛或压痛等。③黄疸只在孕期发生，并在妊娠终止后消退；在出现黄疸前，即有瘙痒；且黄疸多为轻或中度，远较瘙痒为轻。所以因两者症状有相似之处，故易误为肝炎，应注意鉴别。本病的特点：一是发病后孕妇一般情况良好，消化系统症状不明显；二是瘙痒突出，并有黄疸；三是肝功能只有轻度损害；四是产后病情不加重，且症状及黄疸迅速消失。本病对胎儿危害较大，容易引起早产、低体重儿、胎儿宫内窘迫死亡及新生儿窒息。孕妇一旦出现皮肤瘙痒，就应该及时检查。在瘙痒出现前或血清谷丙转氨酶升高前血清结合胆酸先升高，是早期诊断的可靠指标。目前尚无特效药物治疗，消胆胺对止痒有一定效果；熊脱氧胆酸、地塞米松亦有一定疗效；苯巴比妥不但可以减轻瘙痒，还有助于夜间安然入睡。为了预防产后出血，产前应补充维生素K。出现黄疸或监护提示胎儿缺氧可能时，应及早住院，必要时及时结束分娩，产后还须警惕大出血。
The 1984 Harlow District Council election took place on 3 May 1984 to elect members of Harlow District Council in Essex, England. This was on the same day as other local elections. The Labour Party retained control of the council. Election result All comparisons in vote share are to the corresponding 1980 election. Ward results Brays Grove Great Parndon Hare Street and Town Centre Kingsmoor Latton Bush Little Parndon Mark Hall South Netteswell East Netteswell West Old Harlow Passmores Potter Street Stewards Tye Green References 1984 1984 English local elections 1980s in Essex
男性更年期治疗？男性更年期是指男性由中年期过渡到老年期的一个特定时期，它是以男性体内激素水平、生化环境、心理状态变化由盛至衰为基础的过渡期。如果该变化过程过于激烈，对多器官系统的功能造成不良影响，并降低生活质量。那么，男性更年期有哪些治疗方法呢？1、心理治疗。如果男性朋友确定自己患上了更年期综合征，那么初期的心理治疗是缓解症状的一个不错选择。首先应当正确认识更年期的意义，衰老是一个必然的过程，但并不意味着疾病和痛苦。其次要学会换角度想问题。在这段时间内学会自我解脱，多和家人、朋友倾诉，适当地释放感情，消除紧张心理，增强信心，然后要学会控制情绪，避免动怒。最后要寻求家人的关怀与理解。家中的孩子要帮助父亲缓解心中的抑郁情绪，妻子要多给丈夫安慰和劝导，共同平稳度过男性更年期。2、中医治疗。中医认为男性更年期综合征多因肾气不足、天癸衰少、精血虚亏、阴阳平衡失调造成，所以将其辨证分型为多种证型，在治疗时以补肾气、调整阴阳为主要方法。3、药物与激素治疗。药物与激素治疗是比较常用的男性更年期综合征的治疗办法。一般选用镇静剂以及对神经有调节功能的药物，还可配用维生素类药物;激素治疗前要做验血与身体检查，它不适用于患有前列腺癌、男性乳癌、肝病以及心脏病的患者。药物和激素治疗的办法一定要在专科医生的指导下进行。4、饮食调养法：男性更年期综合征治疗的过程中，患者应该在饮食方面适当地限制高脂肪食物及糖类食物，少吃盐，不吸烟，不喝酒，多食富含蛋白质的食物及瓜果蔬菜等。此外，尚可配合食疗方。如黄精，山药，鸡肉，切块同放入碗中，加水适量，隔水炖熟，调味后分2次食用，隔天一剂。或用猪瘦肉，切块，百合，共煮烂，加盐调味，服食。5、多玩多动多调节：避免把自己闷在屋里想心事，要强迫自己找排解的方式，多做一些户外活动，呼吸一下新鲜空气，调节植物神经，达到自身心情愉悦的目的。综上所述，以上就是对男性更年期综合征治疗方法的具体介绍，相信大家已经有所了解，但是每个人选择适合自己的治疗方法进行治疗，只要各位男性更年期综合征患者积极接受治疗，坚持治疗，那么治疗男性更年期综合征的效果还是比较好的。
医神 (第七季)是什么?？《豪斯医生》是一部美国医疗剧，第七季于2010年9月20日至2011年5月23日由福克斯广播公司在美国首播，并于2013年1月28日至7月15日由无线电视在香港首播。剧集以虚构的新泽西州普林斯顿–教学医院为中心，讲述其中诊断医学部在乖张名医格里高利·豪斯带领下问诊疑难杂症的故事。本季中，豪斯与终于直面各自内心感受，确认对方在自己心中的重要位置，并决定给彼此一个机会，认真发展情侣关系。
女性阴部小便时会有种刺痛是什么原因？女性小便刺痛，我们要根据她不同的年龄，不同的病因来分类。我们最常见的女性的刺痛，是由于泌尿系感染引起的，由于细菌对于膀胱粘膜的一个损伤，损伤到黏膜下的一些神经，就可能引起我们排尿的疼痛，这些疼痛主要是在排尿时候发生；还有一种疼痛是女性的外阴疼痛，外阴局部的病变，在尿液的侵蚀的时候，也会发生疼痛，而膀胱和尿道并没有问题。女性的阴道是一个非常隐私而脆弱的部位，如果女性朋友们平常不小心，很容易就会引起各种各样的疾病。女性朋友们的生殖器相对男性的生殖器会比较浅，非常容易受到感染，如果出现小便后阴道刺痛，那么首先考虑的是否出现了尿路感染。尿路感染是一件非常常见的疾病，很多女性朋友在不注意卫生，或者穿一些密不透风的内裤，从而导致尿路感染。如果患上尿路感染，会出现小便后阴道刺痛、尿频、尿急等症状。如果女性朋友们有出现小便后阴道刺痛的情况下，平常一定要注意好个人的卫生习惯，预防受到细菌的感染，要穿一些舒适透气的内裤。洗澡应该要选择淋浴，不要坐浴。在饮食方面也要注意，不要吃一些辛辣刺激性食物，要以清淡为主。最重要的要记住，一定要多喝水，多喝水，有利于冲洗尿道，使体内的细菌以及毒素顺利排出。养成良好的作息习惯，很多朋友有晚上玩手机到深夜的习惯，一定要改掉这个恶习，充足的休息时间对于治疗尿路感染有很好的帮助，要适当地锻炼身体，不断增强自身的体质。阴道是女性朋友们圣神的位置，它的健康是非常重要的。如果出现小便后阴道刺痛的情况，很多人会觉得不用怎么处理，总以为会自然就好起来，这是不对的。这种情况很可能是尿路感染了，如果不及时治疗，会引起更多的炎症，甚至会导致慢性肾功能衰竭，所以一定要重视起来，不要拖延治疗的时间。
女性性冷淡十四种原因？女性也会得性冷淡的。性欲减退（sexualhypoactivity）是以性生活接应能力和初始性行为水平皆降低为特征的一种状态，女性叙述性欲减退者比男性多见，文献报道男性为16%～20%，女性为20%～37%。女性在平时讨厌性生活，性欲抑制可作为器质性疾病，精神障碍，其他性功能障碍或使用精神药物的继发性反应，也可由心理社会因素直接引起，自信心不足，体像不满意，性行为的内疚，神经过敏，性的人格解体和性生活受到压抑等均可使性欲减退，日常生活中的思想压力可以影响性欲或限制性活动，夫妻间的关系紧张，感情不和可致相互间的性吸引力减弱，性欲减退也可在强奸，乱伦等创伤性经历之后出现，或由于恐惧心理引起，如对性卫生感到忧虑，害怕妊娠或性病，害怕性兴奋期间身体或理智失去控制，害怕遭到配偶的反对，乱伦，通奸等因素干扰性生活的意境等等，上述各种因素可导致体力下降，精力消耗，对性活动兴趣减少以及激素水平下降，均可导致性欲减退。我们女性造成性冷淡的原因有好多,比如：1、往昔甚至童年时曾有过性创伤史(强奸、仑、性搔扰等)。2、青春发育期身体形态的某些异常害怕被人知晓并产生自卑感。3、恋爱或婚姻失败后自以为被欺骗，甚至形成对男性的报复心理。4、担心怀孕、刮宫、性病等可能带来的痛苦，从而避免性接触。5、性交痛或不适使之害怕性生活。6、女方仅将性生活作为妻子的义务，而非象吃饭一样是自身应有的生理与心理的需求;若再加上性知识缺乏而造成性生活技巧不足、方式单调，甚至性高潮障碍，性生活便无乐趣可言。7、对配偶期望过高，婚后发现现实中的丈夫与婚前自己理想中的配偶相差甚远，却又不愿面对现实,适应现实。8、丈夫缺乏性吸引力或存在性功能障碍。9、夫妻关系紧张或恶劣，妻子将拒绝性交作为一种报复或诱逼手段。(这是世上最愚蠢的手段，因此而导致婚变、外遇及丈夫阳萎早泄等，其最终受害的将是报复者本人)。10、部分急重病、慢性病及其治疗药物的副作用，可以降低性兴趣，或因忧虑性生活可能加重疾病、损害身体而抑制性欲。11、工作紧张、劳累、嗜酒或因某事造成的思想压力太大而导致性欲淡漠。12、生孩子后体态发生变化，自以为失去对异性的吸引力，或将对丈夫的注意力过多转移到孩子身上，(也有因婴儿吸吮乳头所产生的快感满足了性欲的)，或因家务繁琐而失却往日的性爱热情。13、某些女性存在自身阴部不洁感，怕污损配偶。14、由于自小受传统道德教育的影响，认为“女人不能主动提出性要求，否则就是淫荡”，“夫妻生活中应是男方主动性交，女方被动配合”，“性交是一种无耻行为”等等，即使有性欲亦不敢明确表达出来，而长期压抑性欲就可能演变成性冷淡。
漢普頓（）是一個位於美國喬治亞州亨利縣的城市。 地理 漢普頓的座標為，而該地的平均海拔高度為269米（即883英尺）。 人口 根據2010年美國人口普查的數據，漢普頓的面積為14.65平方千米，當中陸地面積為14.53平方千米，而水域面積為0.12平方千米。當地共有人口6987人，而人口密度為每平方千米476.93人。 參考文獻 佐治亚州城市 亨利縣城市 (喬治亞州)
卵巢黄体功能不足症状？卵巢的黄功能不足可能导致子宫内出血、生殖分泌不足、卵子正常肥力受到影响、过早或不孕症流产，这与卵巢和激光器泡沫缺乏刺激因素密切相关。黄猴子，她们可以很容易地在怀孕初期就流产。黄功能不足的原因是卵巢排卵造成的孕酮激素衰竭，导致子宫内分泌发生不完全的变化，并导致子宫出血功能失调，由于生物体内缺乏孕酮，精子和卵子受精不利于IMP。对受精卵进行稀释，可能导致传统的不育症和流产，黄畸形患者的主要临床症状是：1.月经周期缩短，黄周期缩短，频率减少。在月经期和月经期延长之后，不能植入受精卵可能导致不育和怀孕后的习惯流产，可在排卵后一周内检测出血清中的孕酮，以发现功能缺陷；黄，这表明，如果血清中的孕酮含量低，它就不能正常工作。此外，基本体温可以确定是否缺乏黄功能，因为黄功能通常是两极的，但增长和下降相对缓慢，仅增加<0.3，持续9至10天，这表明功能。黄色的是不完整的。不存在身体不适的黄物质功能不良症状，容易出现月经不足、月经短、怀孕或不容易流产的情况。最好在医院对六氯苯的激素进行一次检查，这通常表明十氯酮的含量较低，欧盟的治疗在医生的指导下是明确和合理的。建议最好是在医生的指导下改善饮食，不要熬夜，不要吃辣的和刺激性的食物，定期进行医疗检查，以观察病人的康复情况，如果怀孕，最好在床上休息，而不是在床上休息。紧张的锻炼。黄功能衰竭的症状包括，除其他外，月经不正常、月经增加、黑血、月经频率、不育、流产等。在出现这种情况时，通常会及时到医院就诊，子宫附件检查得到改善，荷尔蒙功能得到改善，以及妇女的黄细胞、卵巢的作用等，及时查明疾病的原因，积极预防月经紊乱、不正常排卵、不育症、不育症等，及时补充机构的雌激素，以避免丧失七代丙酮。不情愿。
The Oddo–Harkins rule holds that an element with an even atomic number is more abundant than the elements with immediately adjacent atomic numbers. For example, carbon, with atomic number 6, is more abundant than boron (5) and nitrogen (7). This pattern was first reported by Giuseppe Oddo in 1914 and William Draper Harkins in 1917. Definition All atoms bigger than hydrogen are formed in stars or supernovae through nucleosynthesis, when gravity, temperature and pressure reach levels high enough to fuse protons and neutrons together. Protons and neutrons form the atomic nucleus, which accumulates electrons to form atoms. The number of protons in the nucleus, called atomic number, uniquely identifies a chemical element. The Oddo–Harkins rule argues that elements with odd atomic numbers have one unpaired proton and so are more likely to capture another, increasing their atomic number. It is possible that in elements with even atomic numbers, protons are paired, with each member of the pair balancing the spin of the other; even parity thus enhances nucleon stability. Exceptions to the rule This postulate, however, does not apply to the universe's most abundant and simplest element: hydrogen, with an atomic number of 1. This may be because, in its ionized form, a hydrogen atom becomes a single proton, of which it is theorized to have been one of the first major conglomerates of quarks during the initial second of the Universe's inflation period, following the Big Bang. In this period, when inflation of the universe had brought it from an infinitesimal point to about the size of a modern galaxy, temperatures in the particle soup fell from over a trillion degrees to several million degrees. This period allowed for the fusion of single protons and deuterium nuclei to form helium and lithium nuclei but was too short for every H+ ion to be reconstituted into heavier elements. In this case, helium, atomic number 2, remains the even numbered counterpart to hydrogen. Thus, neutral hydrogen—or hydrogen paired with an electron, the only stable lepton—constituted the vast majority of the remaining unannihilated portions of matter following the conclusion of inflation. Another exception to the rule is beryllium which, despite an even atomic number (4), is rarer than adjacent elements (lithium and boron). This is because most of the universe's lithium, beryllium, and boron are made by cosmic ray spallation, not ordinary stellar nucleosynthesis, and beryllium has only one stable isotope, causing it to lag in abundance with regard to its neighbors, each of which has two stable isotopes. Relationship to fusion The pattern arises after the runaway fusion in a dying massive star occurs, in which a given mass of the various even and odd numbered elements are formed by a slightly greater mass of the elements hydrogen and helium. The newly formed elements are ejected in the explosion and eventually join the rest of the galaxy's interstellar medium. When fusion occurs with larger and larger nuclei, the energy input becomes increasingly larger and the energy output becomes increasingly smaller; the point at which these two potentials meet on the periodic table of elements is somewhere around the elements iron, atomic number 26, and nickel, atomic number 28. Fusion of elements heavier than this does not release energy, and so the probability of finding discrepancies in the Oddo–Harkins rule becomes lower. See also References Eponymous chemical rules Nuclear chemistry
腿上有癣和毛囊炎怎么办？主要是毛囊细菌感染发生化脓性炎症。初起时多为成簇分布的细小丘疹，之后在丘疹顶端出现针头大的脓疱。这些小脓疱会很快的破损、流脓、结痂，但在这个过程中又会有新的丘疹出现，继续重复刚才的现象。发作部位很多，像头皮、面部、小腿、阴部、脖颈、腹部等，都可能出现。另外，毛囊炎长伴有剧烈的瘙痒状况，毛囊炎没有传染性，但是不代表危害不大。这种状况不建议你自行处理用药，以免用药不当引起病情加重。建议你尽快去正规的皮肤病医院进行咨询及治疗，以免错过治疗时机，耽误病情。初起为与毛囊口一致的红色充实性丘疹或由毛囊性脓疱疮开始，以后迅速发展演变成丘疹性脓疱，中间贯穿毛发，四周红晕有炎症，继而干燥结痂，约经1周痂脱而愈，但也有反复发作，多年不愈，有的也可发展为深在的感染，形成疖、痈等，一般不留瘢痕。皮疹数目较多，孤立散在，自觉轻度疼痛。在成人主要发生于多毛的部位，在小儿则好发于头部，其皮疹有时可互相融合，愈后可留有小片状秃发斑。病原菌主要是葡萄球菌，有时也可分离出表皮葡萄球菌。不清洁、搔抓及机体抵抗力低下可为本病的诱因。平时应注意：1、多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果，蔬菜和水果里含有碱性物质，碱性物质有利于毛囊炎的恢复。2、芹菜、苋菜、菠菜里含有丰富的维生素E，维生素有利于治疗毛囊炎，所以这类食物要多吃。3、富含蛋白的骨胶质食物也有利于毛囊炎的恢复，所以排骨汤之类的食物要多吃。4、少吃辛辣刺激食物、油腻食物、燥热食物、食糖和脂肪丰富的食物，且不要碰烟酒。
做完肛周脓肿手术吃什么恢复快？肛周脓肿，又称肛管直肠周围脓肿，中医称为肛痈。肛周脓肿发生后应认真对待，发生在肛门两侧的坐骨直肠窝和骨盆直肠窝及男性前侧的会阴筋膜下的脓肿最为凶险，如果不及时处理，可能会导致感染性休克，甚至危及生命。做完肛周脓肿手术吃什么恢复快？肛周脓肿术后饮食非常重要，建议避免任何生冷辛辣等刺激性大的食物，要多吃能够促进伤口愈合的食物。鱼、肉、蛋都可以多吃一点。其实，高蛋白的食物就是术后促进伤口愈合的最佳食物。像海参和蚕蛹等都可以适当进食一些，但要注意避免进食过量，否则难于消化吸收。还要注意的是，中医理论讲最好不要吃发物，比如说像牛羊肉和海鲜等。肛周脓肿这个做了以后，一般情况下还是多吃一点高蛋白一些东西，如果这种病人没有糖尿病、高血脂症这种情况，一般是多吃肉、多吃蛋、鸡子、鱼这一类都可以吃，咱现在基本上都没有明显忌嘴的东西但是羊肉尽量少吃一点，羊肉对中医来说它属于比较偏热性的一些东西，然后鱼、虾这些东西都不影响，但是这些东西吃的时候情况下尽量少放辣椒或者是不放辣椒，因为你吃辣椒吃过多以后会刺激肛门直肠周围水肿、加重疼痛，然后其他的一些比如说蛋白粉也可以适当的吃一点也行；但是有些糖尿病的病人这种情况下，包括一些主食、水果这是要受到限制，有些水果是不能多吃、一些主食都不能多吃，可以多吃一些瘦肉这些东西；高血脂的病人咱也不建议你吃多少肥肉；所以说肛周脓肿的病人术后，还是多吃一些像这些高营养的东西、蔬菜水果得多吃一点。以上介绍了做完肛周脓肿手术吃什么恢复快，肛周脓肿手术后不适合吃太多的含蛋白的食物，因为营养越多的话会引起便秘，会引起排便困难，这段时间要注意肛门清洁卫生，平时要保持充足的睡眠，多吃水果和粗纤维的食物；每天早上喝杯冷开水或冷牛奶会促进肠蠕动，有利于大便的排出。同时要注意阴部身体的清洁。
请描述吴茱萸的历史？吴茱萸始载于《神农本草经》，被列为中品。《名医别录》中记载：“吴茱萸生上谷川谷及冤句……九月九日采，阴干。陈久者良。”唐代陈藏器说：“茱萸南北总有，入药以吴地者为好，所以有吴之名也。”宋代苏颂说：“今处处有之，江浙、蜀汉尤多，木高丈余，皮青绿色，叶似椿而阔厚，紫色，三月开红紫细花，七月、八月结实似椒子，嫩时微黄，至熟则深紫，或-{云}-颗粒紧小，经久色青绿者，是吴茱萸；颗粒大，经久色黄黑者是食茱萸。”明代李时珍说：“茱萸枝柔而肥，叶长而皱，其实结于梢头，垒垒成簇而无核，与椒不同，一种粒大，一种粒小，小者入药为胜。”李时珍所指粒大的原植物可能是吴茱萸，粒小的原植物可能是石虎。古人重阳节有佩戴茱萸的习惯，唐代诗人王维留有“遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人。”的佳句。
昌興站（、朝鲜汉字：）是位于朝鮮民主主義人民共和國咸鏡南道咸興市的一個鐵路車站，屬於平羅線與昌兴线。 邻近车站 平羅線 咸興操車場 - 昌興站 - 興南站 昌兴线 昌興站 - 蓮興站 咸鏡南道鐵路車站
The Stiftung Braunschweigischer Kulturbesitz (SBK) was established by Gesetz über die Stiftung Braunschweigischer Kulturbesitz of 16 December 2004 with effect from 1 January 2005 as a Stiftung öffentlichen Rechts with its seat in Braunschweig. History of origins Following the dissolution of the Braunschweig (region) on 31 December 2004, which until that date had held the assets of the "Braunschweig United Monastery and Study Fund" (founded in 1569) and the Braunschweig Foundation (founded in 1934), the need arose to create an institution that would be responsible for the continuity of cultural and historical identity of the . This happened with the founding of the SBK, under whose umbrella the other two foundations were united. Purpose of the foundation The primary purpose of the foundation is the promotion and preservation of cultural and historical traditions of the Brunswick Land and the former Brunswick Land. In addition to church, cultural and social projects, the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, the Staatstheater Braunschweig and the Technische Universität Braunschweig are also supported from the foundation's assets. The SBK is responsible for organising regional cultural promotion for the State of Lower Saxony. Foundation assets The foundation's assets amount to over 275 million euros and consist largely of real estates and financial deposits. The properties include, among others, cultural assets such as the Kaiserdom in Königslutter, a large number of monasteries and churches, more than 20 foundation and monastery estates with about 7,500 hectares of arable land as well as 5,500 hectares of forestry land and more than 3,000 hereditary building rights. Projects are supported from the annual income of about two million euros. The City of Braunschweig plans to transfer part of the municipal real estate and land portfolio in to the SBK. Dazu gehören along others die Kloster Riddagshausen, die Gaststätte as well as the former . The SBK will lease part of this land to the . Critic In June 2017, the criticised in its annual report "inappropriately high expenses" of the Foundation, its president and its Director in their representation and entertainment costs, business trips to other European countries as well as inappropriately large official cars. Expenditure on administration rose from €150,000 per year to €930,000 within ten years. References External links Culture in Braunschweig Awards established in 2005 German awards
请描述枸杞子的贮藏方法？置阴凉干燥处，防闷热，防潮，防蛀。
因基西維省（），是玻利維亞的省份，位於該國西部，屬於拉巴斯省的一部分，首府設於因基西維，面積6,430平方公里，2012年人口66,346，人口密度每平方公里10人。 參考資料 Inquisivi website (Spanish) Population data (Spanish) 玻利維亞行政區劃
甲减能要孩子吗？如果在孕妇身体不适特别好的情况下是不建议孕育宝宝的。可以先听从医生的，积极治疗等好了之后在开始备孕。这不仅仅是对母体本身的负责，也是对孩子的负责，再带他来这个世界的时候也要为他最基本的情况负起责任，甲状腺疾病有遗传倾向，也就是父母遗传给孩子患甲状腺疾病的机会很大，甲减也不例外。但后天受环境因素影响，如精神压力、感染、过劳、创伤等诱因，自然、社会环境改变、污染等因素也可引发甲减疾病的发生。妇甲状腺功能减退，甲减、甲低有可能影响孩子智力发育，桥本氏甲减会遗传，但有的甲减如果是由于合成甲状腺激素某个环节上障碍所引起，有的也有遗传。通常刚刚出生的婴儿在二十分钟到六十分钟TSH会有一个生理性的高峰，一到四天会慢慢的下降，因此婴儿最好在出生以后的三十分钟里或者是四到七天进行化验。其实甲减在病情比较的轻的时候是不会影响到怀孕的，不过会加大死胎和流产的几率，病情非常严重的男性患者会出现性欲下降、阳痿、精子数目变少、不发育，女性患者此病后会出现月经过多、过频繁、如果不及时治疗的话，也会导致不孕发生。当孕妇患上甲减后，胎儿受到的影响要比甲亢大，胎儿的流产率和围产期死亡率会出现非常明显的变高。妊娠合并甲减者，孕期的甲状腺功能是影响围产结局的主要因素。只要在孕期甲状腺激素水平控制满意，甲功基本正常，则母儿预后大多良好，否则母儿的并发症均明显增加。孕前及孕期对母体甲功进行监测并给予及时恰当的治疗十分重要。甲减的治疗情况在很大程度上决定了妊娠结局的好坏。也就是说如果得了甲减，就算是服药到了正常数值，也不能说这个病对孩子就绝无影响了。
排尿前后膀胱区痛的鉴别诊断？排尿性晕厥：又称小便猝倒，俗称“尿晕症”。主要表现为人们在夜间或清晨起床排尿时因意识短暂丧失而突然晕倒;总会产生短暂的意识障碍，而这种障碍易诱发排尿性晕厥。主要是由于血管舒张和收缩障碍造成低血压，引起大脑一时性供血不足所致，晕厥发生后两分钟左右病人可自行苏醒，不会留下后遗症。排尿性晕厥多见于中老年男性，一般好发在夜间，常常突然发生，之前多无先兆。排尿时外阴灼热、瘙痒或疼痛：急性外阴炎可见外阴肿胀、充血、糜烂，有时形成溃疡或成片的湿疹。患者自觉外阴部灼热、瘙痒或疼痛，排尿时尤甚。严重者腹股沟淋巴结肿大，压痛，体温可稍升高，白细胞增多。糖尿病性外阴炎，外阴皮肤发红、变厚，常呈棕色，有抓痕。由于尿糖有利于霉菌生长繁殖，故常并发白色念珠菌感染。慢性炎症时外阴瘙痒，呈苔藓化。排尿疼痛：在男性方面，除了排尿疼痛，尿液的流量看来很小，尿出来的力度也很弱，有时候甚至是分散不集中的，则可能是尿液在流出的过程中遭到某种阻碍，这种情况大多肇因于胀大了的前列腺。但是也可能是神经方面的毛病使得控制膀肮功能的肌肉发生麻痹现象引起排尿疼痛的原因之一。排尿异物感：是由于尿路结石患者排尿时感觉到有异物感。尿道结石临床并不多见。多数来源于膀胱及膀胱以上的泌尿系统，如肾结石、输尿管结石或膀胱结石。结石在排出时可停留在尿道或嵌顿于前列腺部尿道、舟状窝或尿道外口。少数继发于尿道狭窄、尿道闭锁、异物或尿道憩室。原发于尿道的结石相当罕见。一般为单发结石。合并感染的结石成分多为磷酸镁铵。女性尿道结石多数发生于尿道憩室内。1.尿路造影：慢性膀胱炎表现膀胱容积缩小，膀胱边缘毛糙或不规则。2.B超表现：膀胱腔缩小，膀胱壁普遍增厚。3.CT表现：慢性膀胱炎表现为膀胱壁广泛不规则增厚、膀胱缩小和内外缘不光滑，坏疽性膀胱炎还可见膀胱内气体、盆腔内炎性渗出液。4.MR表现：膀胱壁增厚常不光滑，信号不均，以低信号为主。
马圭尔山（）是南極洲的山峰，位於麥克羅伯特森地，處於坎普斯頓山以南41公里，毗鄰蘭伯特冰川的源頭，該山峰以皇家澳洲空軍的無線電技工命名。 麥克羅伯特森地山峰
梧桐根的药材基源是什么?？为梧桐科植物梧桐Firmiana plantanifolia (L.f.) Marsili的根。
St Bede's RC High School is a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary school located in Blackburn in the English county of Lancashire. It is a voluntary aided school administered by Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford. The school offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, and was extensively refurbished in 2013. Notable former pupils AJ Odudu, television presenter Andy Taylor, footballer Anthony Pilkington, Footballer Paula Walker, British Bobsleigh Junior Hoilett, Footballer References External links St Bede’s RC High School official website Secondary schools in Blackburn with Darwen Schools in Blackburn Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of Salford Voluntary aided schools in England
The 1908 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 3, 1908. All contemporary 46 states were part of the 1908 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Delaware was won by the Republican nominees, former Secretary of War William Howard Taft of Ohio and his running mate James S. Sherman of New York. They defeated the Democratic nominees, former U.S. Representative William Jennings Bryan and his running mate John W. Kern. Taft won the state by a margin of 6.16%. Bryan had previously lost Delaware to William McKinley in both 1896 and 1900. Results Results by county See also United States presidential elections in Delaware Notes References Delaware 1908 1908 Delaware elections
泻停封胶囊成分或处方？金果榄、苦参、地榆、功劳木。
《Dice》是SHINEE隊長溫流時隔3年4個月發行個人迷你專輯，總共有六首曲目每首歌的曲風都截然不同的風格。於 2022 年 4 月 11 日通過SM娛樂發行。專輯的主打單曲為《Dice》。 發行與宣傳 這是溫流即上部專輯《VOICE》之後的3年4個月發布自己的第二張個人迷你專輯《Dice》，也是他退伍之後1年4個月發布的新專輯。溫流也在SHINEE的官方YOUTUBE直播上慶祝自已的專輯發行，在宣傳活動期間參與了 M Countdown、音樂銀行、人氣歌謠和Show! 音樂中心各大的音樂節目。 專輯、歌曲介紹 溫流的個人迷你專輯總共有六首歌曲就像專輯的名稱《Dice》一樣，每首歌曲都代表骰子的六個面，每個面都是不同的曲風風格。 主打單曲《Dice》是一首流行歌曲包含有節奏的吉他彈奏和合成音色，以舞曲的風格進行演唱。《Sunshine》是一首歡快的電子流行歌曲，它由電吉他輔助的低音線引導，講述了一場自發的旅行，逃離了單調的日常生活。《On the Way》是一首浪漫的歌曲，利用鋼琴和吉他即興表演，帶有幻想的聲音。《Yeowoobi》是一首抒情的分手歌曲，有著如夢似幻卻又不失寂寞的氛圍。《In the Whale》是一首中速流行歌曲，將聽眾帶入“穿越野獸內部的隱喻之旅”。 曲目 註釋與參考文獻 註釋 參考文獻 2022年迷你專輯 韓國音樂專輯
CADASIL or CADASIL syndrome, involving cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, is the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder, and is thought to be caused by mutations of the Notch 3 gene on chromosome 19. The disease belongs to a family of disorders called the leukodystrophies. The most common clinical manifestations are migraine headaches and transient ischemic attacks or strokes, which usually occur between 40 and 50 years of age, although MRI is able to detect signs of the disease years prior to clinical manifestation of disease. The condition was identified and named by French researchers Marie-Germaine Bousser and Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve in the 1990s. Together with two other researchers, Hugues Chabriat and Anne Joutel, they received the 2019 Brain Prize for their research into the condition. Signs and symptoms CADASIL may start with attacks of migraine with aura or subcortical transient ischemic attacks or strokes, or mood disorders between 35 and 55 years of age. The disease progresses to subcortical dementia associated with pseudobulbar palsy and urinary incontinence. Ischemic strokes are the most frequent presentation of CADASIL, with approximately 85% of symptomatic individuals developing transient ischemic attacks or stroke(s). The mean age of onset of ischemic episodes is approximately 46 years (range 30–70). A classic lacunar syndrome occurs in at least two-thirds of affected patients while hemispheric strokes are much less common. It is worthy of note that ischemic strokes typically occur in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Recurrent silent strokes, with or without clinical strokes, often lead to cognitive decline and overt subcortical dementia. A case of CADASIL presenting as schizophreniform organic psychosis has been reported. Pathophysiology The underlying pathology of CADASIL is progressive hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. Autosomal dominant mutations in the Notch 3 gene (on the long arm of chromosome 19) cause an abnormal accumulation of Notch 3 at the cytoplasmic membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells both in cerebral and extracerebral vessels, seen as granular osmiophilic deposits on electron microscopy. Leukoencephalopathy follows. Depending on the nature and position of each mutation, a consensus significant loss of beta sheet structure of the Notch3 protein has been predicted using in silico analysis. Diagnosis MRIs show hypointensities on T1-weighted images and hyperintensities on T2-weighted images, usually multiple confluent white matter lesions of various sizes, are characteristic. These lesions are concentrated around the basal ganglia, peri-ventricular white matter, and the pons, and are similar to those seen in Binswanger disease. These white matter lesions are also seen in asymptomatic individuals with the mutated gene. While MRI is not used to diagnose CADASIL, it can show the progression of white matter changes even decades before onset of symptoms. The definitive test is sequencing the whole Notch 3 gene, which can be done from a sample of blood. However, as this is quite expensive and CADASIL is a systemic arteriopathy, evidence of the mutation can be found in small and medium-size arteries. Therefore, skin biopsies are often used for the diagnosis. Treatment No specific treatment for CADASIL is available. While most treatments for CADASIL patients' symptoms – including migraine and stroke – are similar to those without CADASIL, these treatments are almost exclusively empiric, as data regarding their benefit to CADASIL patients are limited. Antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, dipyridamole, or clopidogrel might help prevent strokes; however, anticoagulation may be inadvisable given the propensity for microhemorrhages. Control of high blood pressure is particularly important in CADASIL patients. Short-term use of atorvastatin, a statin-type cholesterol-lowering medication, has not been shown to be beneficial in CADASIL patients' cerebral hemodynamic parameters, although treatment of comorbidities such as high cholesterol is recommended. Stopping oral contraceptive pills may be recommended. Some authors advise against the use of triptan medications for migraine treatment, given their vasoconstrictive effects, although this sentiment is not universal. In this regard, the advent of the "Ditans" such as Lasmiditan, lacking vasoconstrictive effect, and the "Gepants" such as Ubrogepant and Rimegepant, are attractive alternatives, albeit not yet field-tested in this condition. As with other individuals, people with CADASIL should be encouraged to quit smoking. In one small study, around 1/3 of patients with CADASIL were found to have cerebral microhemorrhages (tiny areas of old blood) on MRI. L-arginine, a naturally occurring amino acid, has been proposed as a potential therapy for CADASIL, but as of 2017 there are no clinical studies supporting its use. Donepezil, normally used for Alzheimer's Disease, was not shown not to improve executive functioning in CADASIL patients. Society and culture John Ruskin has been suggested to have had CADASIL. Ruskin reported in his diaries having visual disturbances consistent with the disease, and it has also been suggested that it might have been a factor in causing him to describe James Whistler's Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket as "ask[ing] two hundred guineas for throwing a pot of paint in the public's face". This resulted in the famous libel trial that resulted in a jury's awarding Whistler one farthing damages. Recent research into the illness of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has suggested that his mental illness and death may have been caused by CADASIL rather than tertiary syphilis. Likewise, the early death of the composer Felix Mendelssohn, at age 37, from a stroke has been potentially linked to CADASIL. His sister, Fanny Mendelssohn, was similarly affected. And James Dewar, best known as vocalist for Robin Trower, died age 59 from complications of CADASIL. In the movie The Sea Inside, one of the characters is stated to have CADASIL. In the Netflix 2023 limited series The Fall of the House of Usher, the main character Roderick Usher suffers from this disorder, and much of the series storyline surrounds his criminal and illicit attempts to find a cure. The limited series is based on the life's work of Edgar Allan Poe. See also Proteopathy CARASIL (cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) References Further reading In External links A patient story at The New York Times Deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins Cerebrovascular diseases Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism Syndromes