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Murder, Inc. is a 1960 American gangster film starring Stuart Whitman, May Britt, Henry Morgan, Peter Falk, and Simon Oakland. Filmed in Cinemascope and directed by Burt Balaban and Stuart Rosenberg, the film was based on the true story of Murder, Inc., a Brooklyn gang that operated in the 1930s. Falk was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his first major feature role as Abe Reles, a vicious thug who led the Murder, Inc. gang and was believed to have committed 30 murders, for which he was never prosecuted. In his 2006 autobiography Just One More Thing, Falk said that Murder, Inc. launched his career. This was the first film directed by Rosenberg, who later won acclaim for Cool Hand Luke (1967), and it launched Stuart Whitman's career as a leading man. A highly fictionalized film on the same basic events titled The Enforcer (1951), starring Humphrey Bogart, was released in the United Kingdom with the title Murder, Inc. Plot summary Abe Reles and his accomplice Bug Workman, two cold-blooded killers from Brooklyn's Brownsville district, go to the Garment District to meet with Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, leader of the organized crime mob Murder, Inc., who offers them jobs as hit men. After hiring them to kill Catskills resort owner Walter Sage for withholding slot machine profits from the syndicate, Lepke designates Emanuel "Mendy" Weiss, his assistant, as Reles' contact. Reles coerces struggling singer Joey Collins, an old friend of Sage indebted to Reles, with veiled threats, and Joey agrees to accompany him to the Catskills, where he draws an unsuspecting Sage out into the street and into Reles' murderous hands. Upon their return to the city, Reles visits Joey at the apartment he shares with his dancer wife Eadie and coldly announces that he will kill them if they tell anyone about what happened. Aghast, she denounces him and throws him out. Later, at a soda shop, Lieutenant William Flaherty Tobin, a local police detective determined to end the syndicate's reign of terror, arrests him and takes him to the station house for questioning. When they arrive, however, Lepke's attorney Lazlo orders for Reles' release. Resentful towards Eadie, Reles returns while Joey is away and brutally rapes her. When Joey returns, the beaten and disheveled Eadie begs him to escape with her, but he declines out of fear, and she hysterically insists that he leave. Under Lepke's direction, Reles continues his murderous campaign. One day, at the nightclub in which Eadie performs, he asks her to reconcile with Joey, before taking her to a luxurious apartment filled with stolen goods and offering it to the couple for free. A grand jury impaneled by special prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey soon convenes, forcing Lepke to hide at the couple's dwelling; he soon takes control, mistreating and constantly berating Eadie. He instructs Mendy to personally kill Joe Rosen, a shop owner he had beaten for failing to pay extortion money, to prevent him from testifying. As the NYPD scours the city for Lepke, crime lord Albert Anastasia informs him that per the syndicate's orders, he must turn himself in on a reduced charge of interstate commerce crime. Lepke reluctantly consents, but rather than the two-year prison term promised by Albert, is sentenced to thirty years in Leavenworth. District Attorney Burton Turkus takes over the crusade, enlisting Tobin's help in identifying the players. Initially cynical about his ability to withstand political pressure, Tobin eventually agrees. Lepke, concerned about being linked to Rosen's death, orders Mendy to kill the entire Brownsville gang along with Joey and Eadie. Shell-shocked from being dominated by him, she describes living with the killers to Turkus, identifying Mendy as Lepke's right-hand man and the Brownsville gang as his personal squad, and revealing that Reles will arrive that afternoon on the Baltimore train; he puts her in protective custody and goes to the train station to arrest Reles. Later, as Mendy waits menacingly outside the soda shop to kill Joey, Turkus arrives and hauls Joey into the police station, shows him photographs of Bug's murder and warns that he will be next. Upon learning of Reles' arrest, Joey visits him in jail, notifies him of Bug's death and then threatens to testify against him. Fearing incrimination by Joey, Reles relents and, over the next six days, vividly details the organization's activities, including the fact that Joey overheard Lepke order Rosen's murder. Realizing that Joey's testimony could bring Lepke down, Turkus places Joey and Reles in protective custody at the Half Moon Hotel in Coney Island. Eadie comes there to beg Joey to cooperate, but he reluctantly declines, fearing the mob's retaliation. She tearfully slips out of the hotel, leaving her escort behind, to stroll along a darkened pier, unaware that she is being followed. Suddenly, a man springs from the shadows and strangles her to death. Later that night, an assassin infiltrates a sleeping Reles' room and tosses him out the window, then drapes a sheet from the window to make it look like he died while attempting escape. Just as Turkus' crusade seems lost, Joey avenges his wife's death by testifying against Lepke, who is then executed in the electric chair. Cast Stuart Whitman as Joseph "Joey" Collins May Britt as Edith "Eadie" Collins Henry Morgan as Burton Turkus Peter Falk as Abraham "Kid Twist" Reles David J. Stewart as Louis "Lepke" Buchalter Simon Oakland as Lt. Detective William Flaherty Tobin Sarah Vaughan as nightclub singer Morey Amsterdam as Walter Sage Eli Mintz as Joeseph "Joe" Rosen Joseph Bernard as Emanuel "Mendy" Weiss Warren Finnerty as Bug Workman Vincent Gardenia as Lazlo Helen Waters as Mrs. Rose Corsi Leon B. Stevens as Loughran Howard Smith as Albert Anastasia (credited as Howard I. Smith) The film was the screen debut of Sylvia Miles and Sarah Vaughan. Seymour Cassel appears as an unbilled extra. Original book Twentieth Century-Fox based Murder, Inc. on a 1951 book of the same title by Burton Turkus, former district attorney of New York, and Sid Feder. It is similar in style to the popular TV series The Untouchables, which may have inspired the studio to make the movie. The story of the Murder, Inc. crime group was first told on the screen in the Warner Brothers film The Enforcer, a semi-fictional film that was released as Murder, Inc. overseas. The film starred Humphrey Bogart, in his last role for the studio, as a crusading district attorney molded after Turkus. A Lepke-type character was played by Everett Sloane. Ted De Corsia played a character loosely based on Reles. Unlike the factual Murder, Inc., which dealt with a Mafia kingpin's establishment of a contract murder organization within that framework, The Enforcer is fictional and had a freelance group willing to work for anyone in or out of the mob. The 1951 film begins with De Corsia's falling off a ledge despite Bogart's attempt to save him, and includes gruesome scenes based on fact. Production The novel was optioned by Burt Balaban's Princess Pictures. Balaban was the son of Paramount executive Barney Balaban. It was made in association with Robert L. Lippert's Associate Productions and 20th Century Fox. Casting Filmed in and around New York City, Murder, Inc. had a cast consisting largely of actors from off-Broadway theater. Peter Falk recalled in his autobiography Just One More Thing that the film was "no big deal for Twentieth Century Fox. They hired second-tier stars, nobody had ever heard of them. The cast of off-Broadway stage actors, including me, came cheap. A few dollars a week and a bag of peanuts." Stuart Rosenberg, who had been directing for Alfred Hitchcock Presents, was signed to make his feature debut as director. Robert Evans, who later became head of production at Paramount Pictures Corporation but at the time was a young actor, was offered the part of Reles but turned it down. In an interview with The Guardian in 2002, Evans said: I was hot as an actor for a few minutes and I turned down parts that got guys nominated for Academy Awards. For example, there was a picture called Murder, Inc. which was to star Stuart Whitman, May Britt and myself. I said "If I'm not going to lead, then I'm not going to play the part." and got a suspension. And they hired an actor who had never been north of 14th Street in New York and had never been to Hollywood – this guy called Peter Falk. And he was nominated for the part that I went on suspension for. Balaban cast Falk based on his performance in Kraft Mystery Theatre. Falk said that "for me, Murder, Inc. was more than a big deal – it was a miracle. Like being touched from above. Of all the thousands of obscure actors, they picked me." He said Murder, Inc. made his career, and if he had not been cast as Reles, he would not have been cast in his subsequent films A Pocketful of Miracles (1961) and Robin and the Seven Hoods (1964) and would still be working in off-Broadway theater. Shooting Filming started 15 February 1960, occurring at Filmways Studio and on location in Manhattan and Brooklyn. Falk chose his wardrobe for the film by scouring second-hand clothing stores until he got the right coat and hat, to give him the "East Coast 'wise guy' look". He patterned his performance on would-be gangsters whom he knew in his youth at a pool hall named McGuire's. "I had a real feel for these guys – the way they talked – the gestures – the whole package." Falk said that he rewrote the part and that Rosenberg gave him the latitude to depart from the script. According to Falk, production of the movie was accelerated because of an impending actor's strike. Rosenberg was fired and replaced by Balaban, who had no directorial experience. Falk said that Balaban "stayed out of the way" while the crew and cast did their jobs. In Bullets Over Hollywood, a 2005 study of gangster movies, film scholar John McCarty stated that the "presence of two helmsmen may explain the uneven qualities of the film", in which scenes of powerful impact are "offset by long expanses of unexciting celluloid". Filming was to have taken 20 days, but because of the strike, it was decided that it would be filmed in nine days by extending the shooting days from 9 am to 11 pm, working on weekends, and rearranging the schedule. On 27 February 1960, Balaban took over as director from Rosenberg, and Gayne Rescher replaced Joseph Brun as cinematographer. Production of the movie took place up to the very last moments before the actor's strike. The last scene to be shot was the murder of Walter Sage, portrayed by Morey Amsterdam. Because of the shortage of time, the scene, set in the Catskill Mountains, was shot outside the studio on 126th Street in Harlem, minutes before the start of the strike at midnight. Reception Critical response New York Times film critic Bosley Crowther dismissed the film as a "new screen telling of an old story". Crowther singled out Falk's "amusingly vicious performance", and that when he appears "there is a certain dark frightfulness and terror" in the film. But "otherwise the traffic is that of an average gangster film that slacks off too much for proper tension and runs a great deal too long." Crowther praised the other leading performances but said that Morgan, a radio and TV personality known mainly for his sharp wit, "does better when he is telling jokes". Describing Falk's performance, Crowther wrote: Mr. Falk, moving as if weary, looking at people out of the corners of his eyes and talking as if he had borrowed Marlon Brando's chewing gum, seems a travesty of a killer, until the water suddenly freezes in his eyes and he whips an icepick from his pocket and starts punching holes in someone's ribs. Then viciousness pours out of him and you get a sense of a felon who is hopelessly cracked and corrupt." More recent reviewers have praised Falk's performance, but have not lavished much praise on the movie, with commentators divided on the film's semi-documentary style. A 1986 study of films as art praised the film's "journalistic thoroughness" and "teledramatic immediacy". Falk's performance, it stated, "is one of the grittiest portrayals of the primitivism of an underworld henchman on film; the supporting relationships of Whitman's cowardly, acquiescent innocent and May Britt's beleaguered wife perversely juxtaposed to the unusual pathos generated by the crime boss and his aide delineate the glumness of the crime world with few concessions to moral righteousness". In the 1997 book Crime Movies, film historian Carlos Clarens compared Murder, Inc. unfavorably to Samuel Fuller's Underworld USA (1961), released at about the same time, on the grounds that it stuck too closely to the facts. Falk, he wrote, delivered a "miscalculated comic performance" as Reles, and "the power and resonance of The Enforcer was missing, chiefly because the facts tyrannized the weak screenplay". In contrast, the book states Underworld USA was a "free and colorful fiction" that "packed the visual and dramatic wallop of an atrocity photo in the National Enquirer". DVD Review called Murder, Inc. "an entertaining, if somewhat trifling, piece of violent fluff". It wrote that "Peter Falk walks away with the movie anyway. Falk was nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for this film, and it is easy to see why. He imbues his role with the sleazy charisma and rugged charm that would later become his trademark on the long-running 'Columbo.'" Another reviewer wrote in 2001 that "the best thing about the film was Falk's tough-guy performance. Otherwise, everything was routine." In 2005, film scholar John McCarty praised Falk's performance and David J. Stewart's "reptilian" Lepke, and wrote "the film belongs to Stewart and Falk; as with Daniel Day-Lewis in Gangs of New York, it is mostly when they are on the screen that this minor but engaging docudrama about the mob's ugly but profitable murder-for-hire business really cooks." The stylistic score by Frank De Vol was well received. It is included in the soundtrack album of the film, released by Canadian-American Records in the same year as the film release. Accolades Falk was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Reles. It was the film's only Academy Award nomination. Falk unsuccessfully campaigned for the award. In a 1997 interview with writer Arthur Marx, Falk said that the idea of campaigning for the award was suggested by Sal Mineo, but that he did not take the idea seriously until it was suggested by Abe Lastfogel, head of the William Morris Agency. He hired a press agent "and what do you know – I got nominated." Falk described what happened at the award ceremonies as follows: "Now we're in our seats; the press agent, Judd Bernard, is seated on my right. It's my category and I heard a voice say 'And the winner is Peter...I'm rising out of my seat... Ustinov.' I'm heading back down. When I hit the seat, I turn to the press agent: 'You're fired.' I didn't want him charging me for another day." See also List of American films of 1960 References External links 1960 films 1960 crime drama films 20th Century Fox films American crime drama films American black-and-white films 1960s English-language films Films scored by Frank De Vol Films about capital punishment Films about Italian-American organized crime Films about Jewish-American organized crime Films directed by Stuart Rosenberg Films set in New York City Films set in Brooklyn Films set in the 1930s Films shot in New York City American police detective films Murder, Inc. Cultural depictions of Louis Buchalter Cultural depictions of Albert Anastasia American gangster films 1960 directorial debut films Films directed by Burt Balaban 1960s American films
Laurence Julius FitzSimon (January 31, 1895 – July 2, 1958) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Amarillo in Texas from 1941 until his death in 1958. Biography Early life Laurence FitzSimon was born on January 31, 1895, in San Antonio, Texas, to John and Theodora (née Okelmann) FitzSimon. His family moved to Castroville, Texas, the following year. He entered St. Anthony's College in San Antonio in 1907, then went to the Pontifical North American College in Rome in 1911. In 1916, bad health forced FitzSimon to return to Texas. After recuperating, FitzSimon enlisted in the United States Navy. He served as a pharmacist's mate on a minesweeper during World War I. After his discharge from the Navy in 1919, he resumed his theological studies at St. Meinrad's Seminary in St. Meinrad, Indiana. Priesthood FitzSimon was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Joseph Chartrand for the Archdiocese of San Antonio on May 17, 1921 at St. Meinrad. After his ordination, FitzSimon was assigned as a faculty member at St. John's Seminary in San Antonio. In 1926, he left St. John's to serve as pastor of a parish in Runge, Texas. He later became pastor of a parish in Kenedy, Texas, and in 1932 was assigned to one in Seguin, Texas. FitzSimon also served as chancellor of the archdiocese from 1932 to 1941. Bishop of Amarillo On August 1, 1941, FitzSimon was appointed the third bishop of the Diocese of Amarillo by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on October 22, 1941, from Archbishop Amleto Cicognani, with Bishops Mariano Garriga and Sidney Matthew Metzger serving as co-consecrators. FitzSimon was installed at Amarillo on November 5, 1941. During his 17-year-long tenure, the number of churches, priests, schools, and institutions in the diocese more than doubled. In September 1945, several months after the end of World War II, FitzSimon wrote a letter to US Congressman Francis E. Worley protesting the conditions at the Italian prisoner of war camp in Hereford, Texas. FitzSimon had visited the camp in July and seen that prisoners were receiving low rations of substandard quality. They also told him stories of beatings and other mistreatment. FitzSimon was a chronicler of the history of Catholicism in Texas, gathering historical material on its bishops and clerics during trips to Rome and France. In 1951, Cardinal Pierre-Marie Gerlier awarded FitzSimon the title of Chanoine d'Honneur de la Primatiale (Canon of Honor of the Primate) in recognition of his scholarship. FitzSimon suffered a stroke in 1954, but was able to continue his work as bishop. Death and legacy Laurence FitzSimon died on July 2, 1958, at St. Anthony's Hospital in Amarillo at age 63. He is buried in Llano Cemetery in Amarillo. References 1895 births 1958 deaths People from San Antonio 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States Roman Catholic bishops of Amarillo
Calothorax is a genus of birds in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. Taxonomy The genus Calothorax was introduced in 1840 by the English zoologist George Robert Gray with the lucifer sheartail as the type species. The name combines the Ancient Greek kalos meaning "beautiful" with thōrax meaning "breast". The genus contains two species: References Hummingbirds Bird genera Taxa named by George Robert Gray Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Jamali is a given name. Notable people with the name include: Jamali Kamboh, 16th-century Indian poet Jamali Maddix (born 1991), English stand-up comedian Jamali Shadat (1941–2021), Malaysian comedian See also Jamali (surname) Jamal, given name
A chart recorder is an electromechanical device that records an electrical or mechanical input trend onto a piece of paper (the chart). Chart recorders may record several inputs using different color pens and may record onto strip charts or circular charts. Chart recorders may be entirely mechanical with clockwork mechanisms, electro-mechanical with an electrical clockwork mechanism for driving the chart (with mechanical or pressure inputs), or entirely electronic with no mechanical components at all (a virtual chart recorder). Chart recorders are built in three primary formats. Strip chart recorders have a long strip of paper that is ejected out of the recorder. Circular chart recorders have a rotating disc of paper that must be replaced more often, but are more compact and amenable to being enclosed behind glass. Roll chart recorders are similar to strip chart recorders except that the recorded data is stored on a round roll, and the unit is usually fully enclosed. Chart recorders pre-dated electronic data loggers which have replaced them in many applications. Origins Charles Babbage incorporated a chart recorder into the dynamometer car that he built in 1838 or 1839. Here is how he described it: "A roll of paper a thousand feet in length was slowly unwinding itself upon the long table ... About a dozen pens connected with a bridge crossing the middle of the table were each marking its own independent curve gradually or by jumps ..." The paper advance was geared to the wheels of the railroad carriage, while pens recorded time, the drawbar pull of the locomotive, and numerous other variables. Part of Samuel Morse's telegraph system was an automatic recorder of the dots and dashes of the code, inscribed on a paper tape by a pen moved by an electromagnet, with a clockwork mechanism advancing the paper. In 1848-1850 a system of such registers was used by John Locke to improve the precision of astronomical observations of stars, providing timing precision much greater than previous methods. This method was adopted by astronomers in other countries as well. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin's syphon recorder of 1858 was a sensitive instrument that provided a permanent record of telegraph signals through long underwater telegraph cables. These recorders came to be referred to as pen registers, although this term later became part of law enforcement jargon referring to the use of such a register to record dialed telephone numbers. A patent for a 'Pressure Indicator and Recorder' was issued to William Henry Bristol, on September 18, 1888. Bristol went on to form the Bristol Manufacturing Company in 1889. The Bristol Company was acquired by Emerson Electric Company in March 2006, and continues to manufacture a number of different electro-mechanical chart recorders, as well as other instrumentation, measurement, and control products. The first chart recorder for environmental monitoring was designed by American inventor J.C. Stevens while working for Leupold & Stevens in Portland, Oregon and was issued a patent for this design in 1915. Chart recorders are still used in applications where instant visual feedback is required or where users do not have the need, opportunity or technical ability to download and view data on a computer or where no electrical power is available (such as in hazardous zones on an oil rig or in remote ecological studies). However, dataloggers' decreasing cost and power requirements allow them to increasingly replace chart recorders, even in situations where battery power is the only option. Chart drive The paper chart is driven past the pen at a steady rate by a clockwork or electrical drive mechanism. One common method is to use a miniature synchronous motor which turns at a constant speed related to the power frequency; a gear-train is used to propel the paper. Industrial strip-chart recorders may have two-speed gear trains that allow a higher speed to be used for initial adjustments of a process or to follow process upsets. Medical and scientific recorders allow a wide range of accurately-controlled speeds to be set. An "X-Y" recorder drives the chart depending on the value of another process signal. For example, a universal testing machine may plot the tension force on a specimen against its length. Depending on the particular recorder, either the paper chart is moved or else the pen carriage has two axes of motion. Examples of an x-y recorder date back to the 18th century in the form of the steam indicator diagrams used to record pressure and volume in steam engines. Marking mechanisms Many mechanisms have been adopted for marking paper. In the telegraphic siphon recorder of 1858 a fine capillary tube is connected to an ink reservoir and is deflected by the process signal. In modern strip chart recorders, a disposable cartridge combining both a fiber-tipped pen and ink reservoir has been used. Other types of recorder use a heated stylus and thermally sensitive paper, an impact printer using a ribbon and an electrically operated hammer, an electric signal acting through a stylus onto electro-sensitive paper, or an electric spark that makes a visible spot on aluminized paper. One form of sensitive and high-speed recorder used beams of ultraviolet light reflected off mirror galvanometers, directed at light-sensitive paper. The earliest instruments derived power to move the pen directly from the sensed process signal, which limited their sensitivity and speed of response. Friction between the marking device and paper would reduce the accuracy of the measurements. Instruments with pneumatic, mechanical, or electromechanical amplifiers decoupled pen movement from process measurement, greatly increasing the sensitivity of the instrument and the flexibility of the recorder. Directly-driven pens often moved in the arc of a circle, making the scale difficult to read; pre-printed charts have curvilinear scales printed on them that compensated for the path of the marking pen. Galvanometer instruments Many types of chart recorders use a galvanometer to drive the marking device. A light coil of wire suspended in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet deflects in proportion to the current through it; instead of the pointer and scale of a direct-reading meter, the recorder deflects a pen or other marking device. The writing mechanism may be a heated needle writing on heat-sensitive paper or a simple hollow ink-fed pen. If the pen is continuously pressed against the paper, the galvanometer must be strong enough to move the pen against the friction of the paper. To lessen the strain on the galvanometer the pen might instead only intermittently be pressed against the writing medium, to make an impression, and then move while pressure is released. Where greater sensitivity and speed of response is required a mirror galvanometer, might be used instead, to deflected a beam of light which can be recorded photographically. Light beam oscillograph Another type of paper chart recorder was the light beam oscillograph. It had a bandwidth of ~5 kHz full scale (approximately 100 times higher than the typical pen recorders of the day). The original models used a small mirror attached to a galvanometer to aim a high-intensity beam of light at photosensitive paper. The combination of the mirror's tiny mass combined with a chart drive that could move the paper up to per second provided high bandwidth and impressive time axis resolution. Later models replaced the mirror with a stationary fiber-optic cathode ray tube that was in direct contact with the paper. These recorders had several flaws. The photo-sensitive paper was very expensive, and would quickly fade when exposed to ambient light. High chart speeds meant that test durations were extremely short. These instruments were intended to capture short-duration events such as NASA rocket launches in the 1960s and a broad range of ballistic events. Potentiometric (servo) instruments Analog chart recorders using a galvanometer movement to directly drive the pen have limited sensitivity. In a potentiometric type of recorder, the direct drive of the marking pen is replaced with a servomechanism where energy to move the pen is supplied by an amplifier. The motor-operated pen is arranged to move the sliding contact of a potentiometer to feed back the pen position to an error amplifier. The amplifier drives the motor in such a direct as to reduce the error between desired and actual pen position to zero. With a suitable signal processing amplifier, such instruments can record a wide range of process signals. However, the inertia of the servo system limits the speed of response, making these instruments most useful for signals changing over the span of a second or more. Digital chart recorders A modern chart recorder is an embedded computer system with an analog-to-digital converter, a microcontroller, and a hard-copy printing device; such instruments allow great flexibility in signal processing, variable chart speed on process upsets, and can also communicate their measurements to remote points. One of the first digital units was designed by William (Bill) C. McElroy Jr. working for Dohrman Instrument Company in Santa Clara, California. Up until this unit, most chart recorders were rack mounted and had one speed and one sensitivity range. McElroy's design was an instant loading paper roll 'table-top' unit using an Integrated Chopper Circuit for signal conversion. The unit had plug in circuit boards, plug in single or multi-range modules and plug in single or multi-speed modules. The recorder's sensitivity was 1 microvolt to 100 volts full-scale, which at the time was an industry first. McElroy also aided in the design and build of the Gas Chromatograph used for analysing dirt and rock samples from the 1969 Apollo 11 Moon landing. See also Barograph Electrocardiograph Plotter (operates in two dimensions) Polygraph Seismograph Thermo-hygrograph References Recording devices
祥答應（），姓名及出身均不詳。清朝乾隆帝之答應。生平生年不詳，生辰為五月十六日。乾隆十八年七月十五日入宮，初封為祥貴人。乾隆二十三年五月十六日之後，降為祥常在。乾隆二十四年四月初九日，祥常在晉封為祥貴人，同年十一月的金綫宮分檔案中亦有祥貴人之名。乾隆二十八年五月，端午節凌晨時分，祥貴人位下的幼婢喜格、二妞在值宿時看管鐺火不慎，引致奉三無私殿失火，火勢蔓延至其他地方，令皇五子永琪親自背着乾隆帝逃亡至別處。這場大火直到天剛亮時才被救熄，圓明園殿、九洲清晏殿、清暉閣等地幸免於難，但清暉閣前面的九棵喬松被大火焚毀，內務府以喜格、二妞值宿時，「任意怠玩，不小心謹慎，以致失火延燒，罪無可逭」，將二人發遣打牲烏拉，給披甲人為妻。目前推測祥貴人因看管位下宮女不嚴而被降為祥答應。祥答應夏例日用黑炭二斤八兩，冬例日用黑炭五斤，少於《國朝宮史》的規定，即答應夏例日用黑炭五斤，冬例日用黑炭十斤。乾隆二十九年十一月二十七日，相關部門收「原祥貴人」物品。乾隆三十八年三月二十八日，祥答應病故，采棺暫安靜安莊，喪葬禮儀依照寧壽宮向答應之例辦理。最終入葬曹八里屯，並未葬入裕陵妃園寢。參考資料清高宗妃嬪
年轻人关节炎能治好吗？近期，因关节疼痛去医院就诊的患者不在少数，其中不乏年轻人。专家表示，年轻人患关节疼痛，主要是由于没注意防寒保暖，其中一部分是“痛风”引起的。痛风其实是一种具有“高尿酸血症”表现的关节炎。通俗地说，就是人体内某种物质的新陈代谢发生了紊乱，影响了人体内一种叫尿酸的物质排出，从而造成这种物质沉积于关节、软骨或肾脏中。“人体尿酸盐过高，最明显的症状就是关节红肿、疼痛。近两天就诊的年轻人不少都反映自己关节疼，其实有三成左右都是由痛风引起的。”最近“痛风”的患者较前段时间多出10%，这与最近的降温天气有很大的关系。因为气温骤降会使人的神经、血管、肌肉产生急剧收缩，而情绪也会相应的紧张，人体代谢物因此而发生聚集，而新的营养物质无法顺利、及时到达目的地。总的来说，就是代谢紊乱引发的关节疼痛。关节炎不少由不良生活习惯导致据世界卫生组织统计，50岁以上人群中，骨关节炎的发病率在50%左右;55岁以上的人群中，发病率为80%左右。这种老年人群中常见的关节病，很大一部分就是年轻时留下的病根。专家分析认为，虽然骨关节炎主要是由退行性变而引起的关节疼痛和关节功能障碍等，但年轻时长期对着空调吹冷风、泡在凉水中，都会增加年老后患关节病的几率。注意保暖、热水泡脚预防关节炎专家表示，由于关节炎患者最怕风冷、潮湿，因此日常居住的房间最好向阳，注意保持干燥、通风，并且要做到被褥经常洗晒。另外，晚上用热水泡脚，对关节炎的症状能起到一定的缓解作用。“温度最好以达到身体微微发热为佳;差不多在45℃-47℃，热水以能浸至踝关节以上为好，时间在一刻钟左右，可促进下肢血液流畅。”
请对核黄素缺乏病进行疾病概述？维生素B2缺乏症系核黄素供给不足所致。以口角炎、舌炎、结膜炎及皮炎为特征。核黄素为耐热的水溶性B族维生素，在人体内是许多呼吸酶系统的组成部分。与烟酸及其他耐热B族维生素共同存在于食物中，如动物心、肝、肾、蛋类、奶类、酵母、豆类和新鲜蔬菜等。所以，核黄素缺乏多与其他B族维生素缺乏同时出现，尤以与烟酸缺乏病关系密切。若食物中长期缺乏动物蛋白和新鲜蔬菜，或大米淘洗过度或婴儿所食牛奶多次煮沸等。均可导致核黄素缺乏。再者，患有消耗性疾病：烧伤、创伤、结核病、肺炎、长期发热时，机体代谢加速，消耗量增加、需要较多量核黄素。另外，核黄素在肠道吸收，反复呕吐、腹泻等慢性胃肠道疾病均可影响核黄素的吸收。维生素B2缺乏症又名核黄素缺乏症，是一种由于体内维生素B2（核黄素）缺乏，以阴囊炎、唇炎、舌炎和口角炎为主要表现的临床综合征。吸烟会导致维生素B2大量流失，严重缺乏时会引发眼疾。“红眼”（眼白很红，有点像红眼病，但又不是红眼病。
得了肝腹水怎么治？大部分人有时候为了工作应酬，经常抽烟喝酒，很多时候只有在凌晨之后才能回家。就是因为这样不规律的生活，所以导致肝脏功能特别不好。从而导致肝腹水，肝腹水很多人并不陌生的，尤其肝硬化患者如果出现了肝腹水，病情或许已经恶化到了肝硬化晚期，所以对于肝硬化患者来说，是一种比较可怕的症状。那么都有哪些方法可以进行治疗呢?肝硬化腹水俗称肝腹水。肝硬化腹水是一种慢性肝病，由大块型、结节型、弥漫型的肝细胞变性，坏死、再生；再生、坏死促使组织纤维增生和瘢痕的收缩，致使肝质变硬，形成肝硬化。1.积极针对病因治疗：肝腹水复发后一定要及时查明原因，再针对病因进行治疗，若是低蛋白血症引起的，及时补充蛋白，同时在饮食上注意适量优质蛋白的摄入；若是门脉高压引起的，注意降门脉、保肝调免，同时饮食应注意软而易消化。2.预防感染：肝腹水患者免疫力低下，在治疗的同时注意提高机体免疫力，以防止发生腹膜和其他感染而危及生命，可选择服用些中成药辅助调理，促进肝细胞的修复和免疫机能的调动；不过于悲观、绝望，保持良好的心态，有利于提高机体免疫力，从而预防感染发生。3.合理饮食：肝腹水患者饮食上注意钠水盐的摄入量，以免加重肝腹水症状；对于蛋白合成障碍引起的肝腹水，在饮食上注意蛋白补充的合理化，避免大量摄入高蛋白食物而加重肝脏的负担，进而促使病情的恶化，总之，在饮食上有所选择和量化，对肝腹水的辅助治疗是有益的。4.多休息：肝腹水患者注意保证足够的休息和睡眠时间，避免劳累过度，对肝脏的调理及腹水的的消退都是有帮助的。肝腹水病情比较重，必须积极接受治疗，并且在治疗中保持积极向上的心态，这样对病情的康复非常有利，肝腹水的预防是治疗肝腹水的重要原则，因此乙肝患者应该积极定期去正规的医院接受检查，如果病情恶化时能够及时抓住治疗时机，防止病情恶化成肝腹水等严重肝脏疾病。
戴云，广东连州人，明朝政治人物、进士出身。洪武十八年，登乙丑科进士，授监察御史。参考明朝監察御史连州人
Hitman: Codename 47 is a stealth video game developed by IO Interactive and published by Eidos Interactive for Microsoft Windows in November 2000. In the game, players control Agent 47, a genetically enhanced human clone who is rigorously trained in methods of murder. Upon escaping from his testing facility, 47 is hired by the International Contract Agency (ICA), a global contract killing organization. His missions take him to locations in Asia, Europe, and South America to assassinate wealthy and decadent criminals, who at first seem to share no connections with each other, but are soon revealed to have all played a role in a larger conspiracy. The gameplay revolves around finding ways to stealthily reach and eliminate each target; to this end, players can make use of various tools, including disguises and suppressed weaponry. However, some levels are more action-focused and do not feature stealth as a possibility, instead playing like a traditional third-person shooter. Codename 47 received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the unique approach to stealth gameplay, considered revolutionary at the time, but criticized its difficulty and controls. It sold over 500,000 units by 2009. The game went on to launch the Hitman video game franchise, beginning with the first sequel, Hitman 2: Silent Assassin, in 2002. Gameplay Hitman: Codename 47 is presented from the third-person perspective, but the control setup is similar to a first-person shooter as 47's movements are restricted to turning, strafing and moving forward. Each level takes place in a semi-open world environment which is populated with non-player characters such as civilians and armed guards. Although mission criteria may vary, the goal is generally to find 47's assigned target and kill them by any means possible. Though the path may appear linear, it is possible through various ways to accomplish the mission and approach a target directly without eliciting a violent reprisal. The game essentially emphasises stealth and silent kills without raising alerts, giving the player a higher financial reward for doing so. Penalties in the form of financial deductions are given, for example if the player kills civilians, but none of the guards are slain. As the money is used to purchase weapons and ammo during the course of the game, this pressures the player to utilise stealth, disguise and melee based mechanics for the most cost-effective method to take out targets. The player can peek around corners by using the lean function, which prompts 47 to tilt slightly to one side. 47 is able to climb ladders, but cannot defend himself with a weapon while doing so. In addition, he is only able to jump from one balcony to another. There is an on-screen cursor to indicate in which direction 47 will attack. The heads-up display includes a life bar which measures 47's health, ammo capacity, kevlar durability, and the current item selected. Alert messages sometimes appear next to the health readout. These occur whenever enemies discover a body on the map, or if 47 falls under suspicion. 47's weaponry consists of various short and long-range firearms, a garrote wire, and a knife. Handguns generally have excellent range, while automatic rifles and machine guns decrease in accuracy the farther away 47 is from his target. 47 can also equip himself with a sniper rifle, concealed in a special suitcase, which must be reassembled before he may use it. Once he is finished with the rifle, 47 can take it apart and place it in the suitcase once more. Disguise plays a large role in gameplay. Any time a non-player character is killed, 47 may take their clothes and impersonate them. This is necessary to access restricted areas where only guards may enter. At the start of each level, 47 begins in a default costume. This costume is his trademark suit and red tie which is folded and left on the ground whenever 47 changes clothes. The player may replace 47's outfit with a previous one by simply approaching them and selecting the option to change. In the event that 47 adopted the clothes of someone he has slain, his disguise will be compromised as soon as the body is discovered. 47 creates sound while walking which will alert any hostile characters in the facility. To move without being detected, the player can use the sneak function, which causes 47 to crouch and move in a stalking manner. Sneaking also allows 47 to retrieve a weapon from his inventory without anyone hearing it; if 47 is standing upright when the player pulls out a weapon, it will alert nearby characters. Characters who are dead may be dragged at any time. If anyone on the map spots a body lying on the ground, it will create unwanted attention for 47. When dragging, 47 lifts up the closest available leg or arm and begins to hoist it away as movement is directed by the player. Plot The game opens in 1999, as a mysterious man code-named "Project 47" awakens in the basement of a sanatorium to an unidentified man talking over a loudspeaker. Under the man's guidance, 47 completes a training course that tests his athletic, firearms, and assassination skills, before killing the guards and escaping from the sanatorium, much to his observer's joy. A year later, 47 has joined the International Contract Agency (ICA) - a global organization that specializes in performing assassinations for various clients - and has been assigned the identity of "Agent 47" and a handler, Diana Burnwood. Over the course of the year, 47 completes contracts that see him killing Triad crime boss Lee Hong in Hong Kong, after weakening his position by provoking a gang war; cocaine trafficker Pablo Belisario Ochoa in Colombia, through a staged drug raid; Austrian mercenary Frantz Fuchs in Budapest, who was planning to detonate a bomb during an international conference; and gunrunner Arkadij Jegorov in Rotterdam, who was paranoid about the imminent arrival of 47 and had activated a nuclear warhead on his ship. After each successful assassination, 47 finds letters on his targets talking about himself, a project about an "experimental human", and a man named Professor Ort-Meyer. Diana soon contacts 47 with news that all four targets served in the same French Foreign Legion unit in Vietnam during the First Indochina War, and that the assassinations were requested by the same client, which goes against the ICA's rules. 47 is then sent on a final mission: to assassinate a doctor in a sanatorium in Romania, which he recognizes as the same facility he escaped from a year prior. As Romanian special forces raid the building, 47 eliminates the target, whom he recognizes as Ort-Meyer's assistant, and discovers the truth of his existence: he is the product of a cloning experiment that combined the DNA of Ort-Meyer, Hong, Ochoa, Fuchs, and Jegorov to create the perfect assassin. With the help of a fairly inept CIA agent named Carlton Smith, whom he had first encountered and rescued in Hong Kong, 47 locates Ort-Meyer in a hidden lab under the sanatorium. He learns that the professor orchestrated his escape a year prior to test his performance in the real world, and arranged his former partners' deaths because they each wanted 47 for themselves. Ort-Meyer then reveals that he has since created more skilled and easier to control clones, dubbed "Subjects 48", and dispatches them to kill 47. After killing all the clones with his superior training, 47 poses as one of them to reach Ort-Meyer, shooting him when the latter realizes the deception. Before dying, Ort-Meyer regrets that he was unable to recognize "his own son" and accepts his death at 47's hands, who proceeds to snap his neck. Development Hitman: Codename 47 was created by Danish developer IO Interactive. Early on, the team conceptualised a fantasy massively multiplayer online game (MMO) entitled Rex Dominus; however, Danish film studio Nordisk Film, which IO Interactive was partnered with at the time, asked the team to cease production on Rex Dominus and "test [themselves]" by developing a "simple shooter" instead. As such, the team opted for a run-and-gun action game, as it took less time to develop compared to an MMO, drawing inspiration from John Woo films, such as Hard Boiled and The Killer. They turned to develop for personal computers (PCs), because they were unable to acquire development kits for consoles, and had also found interest in the steady increase of PCs' 3D graphics capabilities. A part of the development on the game, which would later become Hitman: Codename 47, was the creation of the Glacier, the studio's proprietary game engine that fit their needs; co-founder Andersen stated: "Since killing was the main theme of the game, we wanted to do something special. [...] Standard 'death animations' just looked too static so some of the coders tried to see if they could use real-time inverse kinematics for the falling bodies. The first versions ran terribly slowly until one of the programmers figured out a way to fake the whole calculation." This led to the first use of advanced ragdoll physics in a video game. This physics system caught the eyes of British publisher Eidos Interactive, and especially staff member Jonas Eneroth, who thought that the system could greatly benefit Codename 47 gameplay. Following six months of negotiations, a publishing deal was signed between IO Interactive and Eidos Interactive. Eneroth became executive producer on the project. As executive producer, Eneroth encouraged the development team to stray away from the run-and-gun gameplay, and instead focus on a "methodical experience", including dragging dead bodies around the scene to create tension. He had previously worked on Deus Ex and Thief: The Dark Project, which had heavily exposed him to the stealth game mechanics he wished to see in Codename 47. Jesper Kyd composed the game's soundtrack, basing it on urban soundscapes and ethnic instrumentation. Kyd had previously been a member of IO Interactive's precursor, Zyrinx, but moved to Manhattan and became a freelance video game musician. He would subsequently return to compose the soundtracks of the first three sequels to Codename 47: Silent Assassin, Contracts, and Blood Money. Reception Hitman: Codename 47 received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Jim Preston reviewed the PC version of the game for Next Generation, rating it three stars out of five, and calling it "A deeply flawed masterpiece that will, nonetheless, reward forgiving gamers." Codename 47 received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. In April 2009, Square Enix revealed that Hitman had surpassed half a million sales globally. References 2000 video games Eidos Interactive games Codename 47 Patricide in fiction Stealth video games Video games scored by Jesper Kyd Video games developed in Denmark Video games set in 1999 Video games set in 2000 Video games set in Colombia Video games set in Hong Kong Video games set in hotels Video games set in Hungary Video games set in the Netherlands Video games set in Romania Video games set in Rotterdam Video games set in psychiatric hospitals Windows games Windows-only games Works about Colombian drug cartels French Foreign Legion in popular culture
女子多囊卵巢怎么办？具有月经紊乱，闭经，无排卵，多毛，肥胖，不孕合并双侧卵巢增大呈囊性改变，称为多囊卵巢综合症。多囊卵巢综合征常见于青春期及生育期妇女，多囊卵巢综合症的发病率有逐渐增加的趋势，目前多囊卵巢综合症已成为排在输卵管阻塞性不孕之后第二位常见的不孕症原因。那么多囊卵巢综合症能治好吗。一般治疗多囊卵巢综合症时，如果患者是肥胖女性，最有效的治疗办法，以及唯一真正有效的办法是减肥。过度肥胖会触发多囊卵巢综合症，因为胰岛素水平升高到一个临界点后，就会刺激卵巢制造更多雄性激素，结果会影响正常的月经周期，从而导致月经紊乱。对于一些体重正常的女性，只要很好的调整生活方式，也可以对减缓病情，积极进行锻炼，减少高脂肪，高糖食物的摄取，降低体重，这样可以促使雄激素水平下降，对恢复排卵有利。大多囊卵巢综合症患者可通过调整生活方式，减肥后自愈。只有少数顽固性病例才需医疗干预。多囊卵巢综合症的治疗方法有两种，一种是药物治疗，另一种是手术治疗。药物治疗：即促排卵治疗，方法包括合理的饮食管理改善胰岛素拒抗、药物对抗雄激素促排卵。使用的药物主要是口服避孕药，药物同时可以调整月经周期。一般服用3-6个月左右，经过激素所平检测正常后就可以停止服药。手术治疗：腹腔镜卵巢治疗，在腹腔镜下，手术穿刺卵泡，使雄激素水平下降，从而达到治疗目的。以对抗雄激素的作用，促使卵巢排卵。不同年龄治疗方法不同的特点，青春期以中药调节神经、内分泌失调，调理月经周期，必要时配合西药抗雄激素制剂或避孕药；育龄期以中药调节卵巢功能，配合西药克罗米芬促排卵受孕；对已生育者以中药调节卵巢功能，提高神经内分泌代谢功能衰退为主。中西医结合治疗多囊卵巢综合征疗程短，针对性强，病人容易接受，治疗中还包含整体调节的作用，疗效明显优于单用西药或手术治疗。
里奥邦（葡萄牙语：）是巴西巴拉那州的一个市镇。总面积177.836平方公里，总人口3319人，人口密度18.7人/平方公里。参见巴拉那州市镇列表参考巴拉那州市镇
亚瑟·英格拉姆·博尔曼（Arthur Inghram Boreman，），美国政治人物，曾担任西弗吉尼亚州州长、参议员生平亚瑟·博尔曼生于宾夕法尼亚州韦恩斯堡。4岁时，全家搬家至泰勒县米德尔本。1863年至1869年，担任西弗吉尼亚州州长。1869年至1875年，担任联邦参议员。参考文献西弗吉尼亚州州长美国共和党联邦参议员西弗吉尼亞州聯邦參議員
Nick Birbilis is an Australian engineer and academic. He is presently the Executive Dean of the Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Built Environment, at Deakin University. Birbilis was previously the Dean, and Deputy Dean of the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the Australian National University. He is of Greek-Australian background. Birbilis works in the field of materials science and engineering, having made contributions in the area of materials design, materials durability and materials characterisation. He is a Fellow of the Electrochemical Society (US), a Fellow of NACE (US), a fellow of Engineers Australia, a Fellow of the International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE)., and a Fellow of ASM International. Early life and education Birbilis was born in Melbourne, Australia. He attended Sandringham Secondary College, from where he gained admission to attend Monash University for a Bachelor of Engineering. He majored in materials engineering, graduating with First Class Honours. He took a particular interest in the field of corrosion, largely due to interesting interactions with the late Prof. Brian Cherry. Following graduation, Birbilis worked as a consulting engineer in Melbourne, with the company that is now AECOM, whilst also undertaking doctoral studies at Monash University. His PhD was regarding the corrosion, monitoring, and protection of concrete reinforcement. Following his PhD, Birbilis undertook postdoctoral research at the Fontana Corrosion Center at The Ohio State University, U.S., where he worked with Prof. Rudy Buchheit on the corrosion of aerospace alloys. Career Following his post-doc at Ohio State, Birbilis commenced his academic career at Monash University in the Department of Materials Engineering, in 2006. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 2008, associate professor in 2011 and full professor in 2014, making him one of the youngest-ever engineering professors in Australia. In 2013, Birbilis was appointed as the head of the Department of Materials Engineering. He served in that role until 2018, during which he led the department's name change to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, with a focus on student growth and diversity. Birbilis was the inaugural Woodside Innovation Chair at Monash University, where he directed the Woodside Innovation Centre in the areas of additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, materials durability, data science, analytics and machine learning. In 2018, Birbilis moved to Canberra, Australia, to join the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the Australian National University (ANU) as Deputy Dean. He was drawn to the ANU on the basis of the ANU's plan to Reimagine the future of Engineering and Computer Science. Whilst at the ANU, Birbilis led a number of key initiatives, including the award winning redevelopment of the Birch Building, new programs in Aerospace Engineering and Environmental Systems, enhanced diversity in both staff and student profiles, along with working on a new School structure that gave rise to the nationally unique (and first) School of Cybernetics. In October of 2022, Birbilis joined Deakin University as the Executive Dean of Science, Engineering and Built Environment. In this role, Birbilis is motivated to continue to make an impact in a future heavily reliant upon interdisciplinary approaches to societal and technological needs. Throughout his career, Birbilis has continued to serve as a consultant with AECOM on projects that relate to materials durability. Birbilis is also active in professional societies including NACE (where he was the chair of the Research Committee, and presently on numerous committees), the ACA (having served as Victorian President) and the Electrochemical Society. Birbilis was also the chair of the 2018 Gordon Research Conference on Aqueous Corrosion. Since 2010, Birbilis has been the associate editor for the journal Electrochimica Acta - which is the full length publication of the International Society of Electrochemistry. In 2017, Birbilis was named the inaugural editor-in-chief of the journal npj Materials Degradation, which is a new addition to the Nature family of journals with a specific focus on the durability of materials (of all types) and publishing a number of paper formats. Birbilis has been awarded the ATSE Batterham Medal, and awards including the H.H. Uhlig Award (NACE). He is an adjunct professor at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. As of 2022 he had graduated over 50 PhD students. Contributions Some of the key contributions of Birbilis include the presentation of a formalism that relates the grain size of metals to their corrosion rate. In addition, Birbilis's group worked to define the size of microstructural features that trigger localised corrosion of engineering alloys. Such work involved the careful study of alloys structures on the nano- and atomic scale, whilst studying their metastable pitting (an automated web based tool to study metastable pitting from electrochemical data and published by Birbilis's group is available online.) In the field of magnesium alloys, Birbilis and colleagues were reportedly the first to demonstrate magnesium alloys of reduced corrosion rate, and with colleagues at UNSW later developed a 'stainless' magnesium alloy as published in Nature Materials. Furthermore, Birbilis's group also demonstrated the ability to produce super-formable magnesium, publishing the study in Nature Communications. In addition, his group has discovered new phases in metallic systems. One example of a new phase was the discovery of a previously unreported quasi-crystal in the aluminium alloy AA7075 - an alloy used for decades as the key structural alloy for aircraft - revealing the nanoscopic 'nu' (ν) phase following the production of the alloy using selective laser melting (metal 3D printing) Research from Birbilis's group has also produced the web tool called 'Corrosion Detector', which employs crowd-sourced training of a machine learning model for automated detection of corrosion. References Living people 1978 births Australian engineers Academic staff of the Australian National University Australian people of Greek descent
癫狂病的鉴别诊断？1.癫病：仅表现为精神抑郁，表情淡漠等，整个病程中无躁狂状态出现。2.狂病：仅表现为情绪高涨，情感活跃，易激惹等，整个病程中无抑郁状态出现。3.脏躁：虽有情绪波动，精神抑郁等表现，但神识清楚，自知有病，行为正常，无躁狂状态与抑郁状态交替出现情况。4.神劳：虽有神情不宁，情绪易波动等表现，但神志清楚，行为正常，无躁狂、抑郁间歇交替发生的临床表现。
柳霏（韓語：유비，1990年6月13日），韓國男演員、模特兒。原為 El-rise Entertainment 旗下演員，現為J.C ENT旗下演員。 2018年出演OCN醫療驅魔劇《Priest》正式出道，2019年出演tvN水木連續劇《精神病患者日記》。影視作品電視劇網路劇电影參考資料相關文章 https://post.naver.com/viewer/postView.nhn?volumeNo=10626792&memberNo=24103883&searchKeyword=%EC%9C%A0%EB%B9%84&searchRank=7 https://post.naver.com/viewer/postView.nhn?volumeNo=19389162&memberNo=24103883&searchKeyword=%EC%9C%A0%EB%B9%84&searchRank=6 http://sports.khan.co.kr/entertainment/sk_index.html?art_id=201908020853013&sec_id=540201&pt=nv 外部連結 NAVER搜索個人Instangram帳號韓國電視男演員韩国电影男演员 Bi
腰椎骨质增生怎么治疗好?？骨质增生的主要病因与关节软骨的退行性病变有关，腰椎的骨质增生是因为中年以后，腰椎骨质增生随着年龄的增大，机体各组织细胞的生理功能也逐渐衰退老化，退化的椎间盘逐渐失去水份。腰椎增生的病因：腰椎骨质增生一般主要与年龄、劳损、外伤、姿势不正确等有着直接的关系，具体因素如下：年龄因素人体的老化是不可抗拒的自然规律，随着年龄的增长，腰椎由于运动磨损不可避免地会出现退行性改变，绝大部分六十岁以上的正常人拍片时均可发现腰椎的骨刺形成，椎间隙狭窄等退变老化现象。劳损因素腰椎的退变过程，除随年龄变化以外，还与腰椎劳损有很大关系，腰椎长期受到反复劳损以及过度活动等不良因素的刺激，则有可能加速腰椎的退变，使椎间盘突出，骨刺的形成并不断增大。反之注意腰部的休息和保养，就可以减缓腰椎的退变速度和骨刺的进展。腰椎骨增生的治疗：在治疗方面，要结合实际情况合理选择适合自己的方法，才能有效的改善病人的症状，恢复正常生活。这就需要对腰椎骨质增生的防治方法有一个全面的了解。因为腰椎骨刺既有内平衡，腰椎骨、关节、椎间盘等结构的退变、增生、错位、炎症及自身免疫性反应等病理改变，又有腰部肌肉、韧带等外平衡的失调。在治疗时要同时兼顾，内外同治。治疗腰椎骨质增生的关键不是消除骨刺，而是在于消除骨刺周围的无菌性炎症。如果有疼痛，可用消炎镇痛药或封闭治疗进行对症处理，也可辅助采用热敷、理疗、按摩与牵引等促进血液循环，使局部肌肉放松和缓解疼痛，或用小针刀减轻对神经压迫。
Charles, Charlie, or Chuck Henry may refer to: Sportsmen Charlie Henry (baseball) (1900–1972), American Negro leagues baseball player Charles Henry (basketball), Gonzaga basketball coach for the 1943–44 season Charlie Henry (footballer, born 1962), English former footballer for Swindon Town, Torquay United, Northampton Town and Aldershot Charles Henry (American football) (born 1964), former American football player Charlie Henry (basketball, born 1985), coach in the Chicago Bulls' organization Charlie Henry (footballer, born 1986), English footballer Politicians Charles L. Henry (1849–1927), U.S. Representative from Indiana Sir Charles Henry, 1st Baronet (1860–1919), British Member of Parliament for Wellington, 1906–1918, and The Wrekin, 1918–1920 Charles Henry (Canadian politician) (1911–1989), Canadian Member of Parliament Brad Henry (Charles Bradford Henry, born 1963), Governor of Oklahoma Charles A. Henry, Louisiana state representative Others Charles Henry (librarian) (1859–1926), French librarian and editor Charles Trumbo Henry (1902–1964), American artist Charles H. Henry (1937–2016), American physicist Chuck Henry (born 1946), U.S. TV presenter and newsreader Charles J. Henry (born 1950), American librarian See also
产后虚羸的并发症？若中年及难产者，毋论日期，必须调养平复，方可涉喧，否则气血复伤，虚臝之证作矣。
白點箬鰨為輻鰭魚綱鰈形目鰨亞目鰨科的其中一種，為熱帶魚類，分布於中東大西洋塞內加爾、幾內亞灣至剛果共和國的諾亞港半鹹水域、海域，棲息深度可達50公尺，體長可達35公分，棲息在沙泥底質底層水域，生活習性不明，可做為食用魚。参考文献扩展阅读食用魚 cadenati
São Valentim is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. See also List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul References Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul
维磷葡钙片的副作用（不良反应）？便秘。
Petra White is an Australian poet. White was born in Adelaide in 1975, the eldest of six children, and now lives in Berlin with her husband and daughter. Her first published collection of poetry, The Incoming Tide (John Leonard Press 2007), was shortlisted for the Queensland Premier's Literary Awards and the ACT Poetry Prize. In 2011, five of White's poems were selected for inclusion in the landmark anthology of Australian Poetry, Australian Poetry Since 1788. The poems selected are Ricketts Point, Voyage, Woman and Dog, Older Sister and Notes for the Time Being. Biography Petra White grew up in Adelaide. She studied English and German literature at the University of Melbourne, completing a BA with honours. In 2002 she studied at Essen University and travelled widely in Europe. In 2008 she was Fellow of Hawthornden Castle International Retreat for Writers, completing a five-week residency. In 2012, White and Paul Hetherington took Australian poetry to Ireland with Australian Poetry Limited's first international tour. White conducted readings and workshops at many venues throughout the Republic and Northern Ireland including the Bealtaine Festival in Dublin, Laurel Villa in Magherafelt and Writers' Week at Listowel. White's second collection, The Simplified World, published in 2010, was the joint winner of the Grace Leven Prize for Poetry. Her work has appeared in the anthology Take Five (Shoestring Press 2008, UK), The Age, Melbourne, and other anthologies and periodicals. A third major collection, A Hunger, was published by John Leonard Press in 2014. This publication includes White's previous collections, in which slight changes have been made to a small number of poems. In May 2017, White's fourth collection, Reading for a Quiet Morning, was published by GloriaSMH Press. It features a 'compact epic' inspired by the biblical story of Ezekiel, but with a distinctly twenty-first century, feminist perspective. White was a founding co-editor of the So Long Bulletin, a blog on Australian poetry and criticism. She was the judge for the Reason-Brisbane Poetry Prize in 2011. White holds a master's degree in Public Policy and Management from the University of Melbourne. In 2018, she moved to Europe, initially to London, then to Berlin, where she completed her fifth collection, titled 'Cities', published in 2021 by Sydney-based Vagabond Press. Works Critical reception "With her unpretentious voice and subject matter, Petra draws the reader to her and absorbs them with tales of her multifaceted life." 'Sister', from The Incoming Tide, "is a lovely, almost comically surprising poem whose essential structure is that it is about sisterhood only in its title and its last two lines. As the poem progresses through four eight-line stanzas the gap between the title and the content of the poem grows more and more intense so that the conclusion is that much more satisfying:" Descendant of the Aztec dog-god Xolotl, who with mangled hands and feet guided the dead to heaven, his once trans- lucent form refuses catastrophe; more than the ailing tabby, the timorous and watchful high-heeled dog, or the rented fireprone house, he guards our dangerous childhood pledge to never change. "It is one of those rare poems which is simultaneously sophisticated and easy to grasp: it should be immediately anthologized." "In The Simplified World Petra White more than fulfils the promise made by her first book, The Incoming Tide, back in 2007. For all of her literary sophistication and verbal ingenuity, White is a poet of the world as we know it, an observer of poignant situations – and a conveyor of them. Whether it’s an anonymous, depressed woman walking her dog (‘'not a small one'’) until its feet bleed and then carrying it ‘'all the way home, wherever that was'’, or a Lebanese couple running a take-away for decades, White over and over again leaves us moved by what she has shown us. As well as by poignancy, however, the book is held together by certain thematic threads. One is a feeling for depression, the strangeness of it, the way it cannot be lifted by a mere effort of will. It is ablankness as wide as the long sea'’ (‘'St Kilda'’) and raises the question ‘'Where does illness live,/what does it want? . . . Describe your fear. How do you feel out of 10?/Out of 9?’’ (‘'Notes for the Time Being'’)." And of 'Reading for a Quiet Morning': "White’s mini-epic poem, 'How the Temple Was Built', which comprises the first half of her collection, reveals an authoritative voice delivering what feels like a Ted Hughes-inspired sermon on a new Ezekiel myth. The lens here, however, is distinctly female, the account feminist." "... these poems are lit up and muse-inspired, mini Ezekiels all in the face of baffling Gods." "Petra White’s fourth poetry collection, Reading for a Quiet Morning, is a narrative-driven, subversive poetic experiment..." "Myths and religious script, alongside feminist and secular theory, are shown as one among many ways of interpreting the world, any promises of cosmic revelation always farcically, but no less tragically, limited. But there is resistance and strength within these attempts at sense-making that White subtly celebrates despite her critiques." Poetry The Incoming Tide. (Melbourne: John Leonard Press, 2007) The Simplified World. (Melbourne: John Leonard Press, 2010) A Hunger. (Melbourne: John Leonard Press, 2014) Reading for a Quiet Morning. (Melbourne: GloriaSMH Press, 2017) Cities. (Sydney: Vagabond Press, 2021) Anthologies Best Australian Poems. (Melbourne: Black Inc., 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2017) Take Five 08. (Nottingham: Shoestring Press, 2008) Best Australian Poetry. (Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2010) The Puncher and Wattman Anthology of Australian Poetry. (Sydney: Puncher & Wattmann, 2010) Australian Poetry Since 1788. Geoffrey Lehmann (ed.), Robert Gray (ed.) (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2011) Thirty Australian Poets. Felicity Plunkett (ed.) (Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2011) Young Poets: An Australian Anthology. (Melbourne: John Leonard Press, 2011) Awards 2010: Grace Leven Prize for Poetry for The Simplified World'' 2018: Victorian Premier's Literary Awards (Highly commended) References External links The Incoming Tide at John Leonard Press The Simplified World at John Leonard Press A Hunger at John Leonard Press Black Inc, The Best Australian Poems 2010 UNSW Press, Australian Poetry Since 1788 Reading for a Quiet Morning at GloriaSMH 1975 births Living people Australian poets Writers from Melbourne Writers from Adelaide
于法開（），剡县（今浙江嵊县）人，晋代医家。師從于法蘭，精醫術，自称祖述“耆婆”。曾在路途中治難產孕婦，以羊肉羹及针术治难产，不久胎儿娩出。好佛法，與支道林爭即色空義，時人多倾向支道林，法開遂至剡县隐居。創立識含宗。著《议论备豫方》一卷，已佚。注釋參考書目慧皎：《高僧传》卷四 Y
Mehdi Eslami (, born January 8, 1992, in Sari) is an Iranian football defender, who currently plays for Esteghlal Ahvaz. Club performance He started playing football for the youngsters of Rah-e-Ahan and joined Saipa in the youth category and Saipa football club in the youth category. Doing military service he joined the Fajr team in Tehran and then joined the hopes of Esteghlal. Esteghlal Tehran After attending Fajr Football Club and leaving behind military service, he joined Esteghlal Tehran Football Club with a contract and won the Iranian League with the same year with Esteghlal Tehran. Bandar Abbas Municipality After winning the championship with Esteghlal Tehran and with the opinion of Amir Ghalehvani, he joined the Bandar Abbas Municipality Football Club on loan. Independence of Ahwaz After Esteghlal Tehran and Bandar Abbas Municipality, he joined the Esteghlal Ahvaz football team and played for this team for four seasons. National team He has a history of playing in the national youth football team of Iran and the national youth football team of Iran in his record Honors Premier League championship with Esteghlal Tehran in the twelfth league 2012-2013 Club career Club career statistics References Iranian men's footballers 1992 births Living people PAS Hamedan F.C. players F.C. Shahrdari Bandar Abbas players Esteghlal F.C. players Machine Sazi F.C. players Men's association football defenders People from Sari, Iran
Household Words was an English weekly magazine edited by Charles Dickens in the 1850s. It took its name from the line in Shakespeare's Henry V: "Familiar in his mouth as household words." History During the planning stages, titles originally considered by Dickens included The Robin, The Household Voice, The Comrade, The Lever, and The Highway of Life. Household Words was published every Saturday from March 1850 to May 1859. Each number cost a mere tuppence, thereby ensuring a wide readership. The publication's first edition carried a section covering the paper's principles, entitled "A Preliminary Word": A longer version of the publication's principles appeared in newspapers such as The Argus in September 1850. Theoretically, the paper championed the cause of the poor and working classes, but in fact it addressed itself almost exclusively to the middle class. Only the name of Dickens, the journal's "conductor", appeared; articles were unsigned (although authors of serialised novels were identified) and, in spite of its regularly featuring an "advertiser", the paper was unillustrated. To boost slumping sales Dickens serialised his own novel, Hard Times, in weekly parts between 1 April and 12 August 1854. It had the desired effect, more than doubling the journal's circulation and encouraging the author, who remarked that he was, "three–parts mad, and the fourth delirious, with perpetual rushing at Hard Times". That Dickens owned half of the company and his agents, John Forster and William Henry Wills, owned a further quarter of it was insurance that the author would have a free hand in the paper. Wills was also appointed associate editor and, in December 1849, Dickens's acquaintance, writer and poet Richard Henry Horne was appointed sub-editor at a salary of "five guineas a week". In 1859, however, owing to a dispute between Dickens and the publishers Bradbury and Evans over their refusal to print his "personal statement" regarding his divorce in their other magazine, Punch, publication ceased and Household Words was replaced by All the Year Round, over which Dickens had greater control. The journal contained a mixture of fiction and nonfiction. A large amount of the non-fiction dealt with the social issues of the time. Serialized works Prominent works that were serialised in Household Words include: A Child's History of England by Charles Dickens, published 25 January 1851 – 10 December 1853 Cranford, North and South, and My Lady Ludlow by Elizabeth Gaskell "The Song of the Western Men" by Robert Stephen Hawker The Dead Secret and A Rogue's Life by Wilkie Collins Collaborative works Dickens also collaborated with other staff writers on a number of Christmas stories and plays for seasonal issues of the magazine. These included: The Seven Poor Travellers in the Extra Christmas Number (14 December 1854) with Wilkie Collins, Eliza Lynn Linton, Adelaide Anne Procter (under the name "Mary Berwick"), and George Augustus Henry Sala. The Holly Tree Inn in the Extra Christmas Number (15 December 1855) with Wilkie Collins, William Howitt, Harriet Parr, and Adelaide Anne Procter. The Wreck of the Golden Mary in the Extra Christmas Number (6 December 1856) with Wilkie Collins, Percy Hetherington Fitzgerald, Adelaide Anne Procter, Harriet Parr, and Rev. James White. The Frozen Deep, a play written with Wilkie Collins and initially performed in the converted schoolroom of Dickens's London residence, Tavistock House (6 January 1857). The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices, a non-seasonal collaboration (3–31 October 1857) with Wilkie Collins The Perils of Certain English Prisoners in the Extra Christmas Number (7 December 1857) with Wilkie Collins "A House to Let" in the Extra Christmas Number (7 December 1858) with Elizabeth Gaskell and Adelaide Anne Procter. Other contributors to Household Words included James Payn, John Hollingshead, Harriet Martineau, Frances Shayle George, William Duthie and Henry Morley. A complete key to who wrote what and for how much in Household Words was compiled in 1973 by Anne Lohrli, using an analysis of the office account book maintained by Dickens's subeditor, W. H. Wills. References Lohrli, Anne. Household Words: A Weekly Journal 1850–1859. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973. see also 'Household Words', Faculty of English Library, Cambridge University. External links Dickens Journals Online, an online edition of Dickens's journals, Household Words and All the Year Round. 1850 establishments in the United Kingdom 1859 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Charles Dickens Defunct literary magazines published in the United Kingdom Magazines established in 1850 Magazines disestablished in 1859 Weekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Quendon and Rickling is a civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England with an area of 2,048 acres. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 was 587. It is a linear settlement on the B1383 (formerly the A11 trunk road) between Saffron Walden and Bishops Stortford. Quendon & Rickling stand 300 feet above sea level on a watershed between two rivers: the Cam to the east, flowing north through Cambridge to the Ouse flowing on to the Wash. Etymology The parish and its name were created on 1 April 1949 by the merger of Quendon and Rickling parishes. The name Quendon derives from the Old English and which means the ‘women’s valley’. Rickling derives from an Old English personal name Ricula with a suffix meaning 'descendants' or 'followers', thus ‘the people of Ricula’. The wife of King Sledda of the East Saxons (c.587-604) and sister of Æthelberht of Kent was named Ricula, though an association with this manor has not been proven. History People were living in the area over ten thousand years ago because of the Neolithic and Palaeolithic remains found. The village of Rickling was mentioned in the Doomsday Book of 1086. In circa 1200 the churches of the parish were built. Both villages are known for their halls: Quendon Hall and Rickling Hall, where until the 1960s most of the parish was employed to work the farms of the estates. The parish mostly consists of 17th Century housing; between 1951 and 1961 the number of houses increased from 171 to only 172. This is shown by the attempts to create a conservation area. The population was recorded at 557 in the 1951 census, decreasing to 514 by 2001. The conjoined settlement contains two churches: St Simon & St Jude, Quendon and All Saints, Rickling, which are both over 800 years old. See also The Hundred Parishes References Civil parishes in Essex Uttlesford
4岁儿童尿道炎症状表现？所谓的尿道炎，顾名思义就是一个尿道的炎症，现在主要是指发生在男性尿道，由于淋球菌、衣原体或解脲支原体感染以后，引起尿道的炎症，一般把这个叫尿道炎。如果是淋球菌引起的尿道炎，炎症比较重，表现为尿道口的红肿，且溢出较多的脓性分泌物。如果是衣原体或者支原体感染引起的尿道炎，可能炎症性轻一点，就是轻微的炎症，而且是溢出少量的浆液性分泌物。这个尿道炎，一般是发生在男性，而且是青壮年，就是性活跃。尿道炎主要是指通过性传播，引起尿道炎症，现在主要是指这方面的事。4岁儿童出现尿道炎的情况一般会有尿道口红肿、小孩经常用手去抠生殖器官、小便排尿颜色偏黄或者血尿、有腹痛的情况等。如果出现以上的症状，第一时间先到医院做尿常规检查。尿常规的目的是检查有无细菌性感染所导致的，一般细菌性感染的，可以口服一些抗生素药物进行治疗。得了尿道炎，饮食上一般建议忌口辛辣刺激性的食物，如辣椒、胡椒等，以及辛热的，比如姜、蒜类食物尽量少吃，多吃清热、清凉的食物，如蔬菜、水果类火龙果、猕猴桃、梨等食物可以多吃，含热量高的食物尽量少吃，如巧克力以及榴莲、荔枝等水果尽量少吃。得了尿道感染需要多喝水，大量的水促进尿液排泄，可以带走尿液中的病菌以及毒素成分。不宜吃海鲜类食物，如鱼、虾、蟹等，海鲜属于腥膻食物，不利于炎症的消退。多食用含水量较高的水果，促进尿液排出。注意个人卫生，保持个人物品的清洁。适当地休息，避免过度劳累，造成机体免疫力低下。
Kyabé Airport is a public use airport located near Kyabé, Moyen-Chari, Chad. See also List of airports in Chad References External links Airport record for Kyabé Airport at Landings.com Airports in Chad Moyen-Chari Region
甘肃紫堇（学名：）为罂粟科紫堇属下的一个种。参考文献扩展阅读 G
Gmina Chmielnik may refer to either of the following administrative districts in Poland: Gmina Chmielnik, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Gmina Chmielnik, Subcarpathian Voivodeship
蔡國偉可以指：蔡國偉 (1952年)，台灣畫家蔡国伟 (1968年)，东北电力大学校长 guo
埃里克·卡拉瑟斯（，），英国男子冰球运动员。他曾代表英国国家队参加1924年和1928年冬季奥林匹克运动会冰球比赛，其中1924年冬季奥运会获得一枚铜牌。家庭哥哥为科林·卡拉瑟斯。参考资料加拿大裔英国人英國裔加拿大人加拿大男子冰球运动员英国男子冰球运动员英国奥运冰球运动员 1924年冬季奥林匹克运动会冰球运动员 1928年冬季奥林匹克运动会冰球运动员 1924年冬季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主奧林匹克運動會冰球獎牌得主英國奧林匹克運動會銅牌得主
海德維爾（）是位於美國康乃狄克州托蘭縣的一個村落。該地的面積和人口皆未知。地理海德維爾的座標為，而該地的平均海拔高度為191米（即627英尺）。參考文獻 Hydeville Hydeville en:Hydeville, Connecticut
糖尿病肾病并发症症状？糖尿病肾病是糖尿病病人最重要的合并症之一。我国的发病率亦呈上升趋势，目前已成为终末期肾脏病的第二位原因，仅次于各种肾小球肾炎。由于其存在复杂的代谢素乱，一旦发展到终末期肾脏病，往往比其他肾脏疾病的治疗更加棘手。同时，多数糖尿病肾病患者伴有多种并发症，严重干扰患者生活质量。以下介绍的虽多数是糖尿病并发症，但在糖尿病肾病患者身上非常常见，有些更会加速糖尿病肾病进程，加速进入透析，所以希望引起广大患者注意：1、糖尿病肾病简单说，肾脏主要功能有水分的代谢，废物的代谢，还有-些内分泌功能。糖尿病肾病可以使患者的肾小球发生硬化现象，丢失大量蛋白，造成营养不良、浮肿、免疫力低下等等。继续发展至严重时造成肾功能不全，直至发展成尿毒症。2、膀肤无力，府病性膀肤精民病如果没有有效控制，就会引起神经系统病变，体现在膀晚上，就是膀既收编无力，排尿费力。3、泌尿系感染糖尿病患者病情控制不好，由于白血球对细菌的香啦作用减退，对细菌侵犯的抵抗力较差，因此容易发生各种感染。4、神经系统的危害糖尿病患者会出现神经系统并发症，经常表现为四肤麻木，有灼热感或冰冷刺痛的感觉，就类似于精神庭病庄严重的人可能会失眠，神经持续兴奋，让人难以入植物神轻病变常表现为膜胀、便秘，排尿团难等。5、对视力的危害糖用病无其血修控制型的患者，会发生糖尿病视网服病变，出血，视力模棚，严重者失明，严重景响生活质量。6、低血糖医学很多普通人，尤其是别患病的患者不理解，为什么家病患者反而会低血糖。简单说，就是疗力度大学术于糖分利用力度就会造成低血糖，低血糖带来的危害要远远必猛于高血糖，一次严重的低血糖就可以直接致命了。综上，所以糖尿病肾病患者在平时生活中一定要遵循医嘱，饮食上也要保持清淡，多进行运动。
复方磷酸可待因溶液药物相作用？不宜与单胺氧化酶抑制剂同时服用，停服此类药物二星期后方可服用本品。
In combinatorics, a branch of mathematics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as where A and B are two finite sets and \|S \| indicates the cardinality of a set S (which may be considered as the number of elements of the set, if the set is finite). The formula expresses the fact that the sum of the sizes of the two sets may be too large since some elements may be counted twice. The double-counted elements are those in the intersection of the two sets and the count is corrected by subtracting the size of the intersection. The inclusion-exclusion principle, being a generalization of the two-set case, is perhaps more clearly seen in the case of three sets, which for the sets A, B and C is given by This formula can be verified by counting how many times each region in the Venn diagram figure is included in the right-hand side of the formula. In this case, when removing the contributions of over-counted elements, the number of elements in the mutual intersection of the three sets has been subtracted too often, so must be added back in to get the correct total. Generalizing the results of these examples gives the principle of inclusion–exclusion. To find the cardinality of the union of sets: Include the cardinalities of the sets. Exclude the cardinalities of the pairwise intersections. Include the cardinalities of the triple-wise intersections. Exclude the cardinalities of the quadruple-wise intersections. Include the cardinalities of the quintuple-wise intersections. Continue, until the cardinality of the -tuple-wise intersection is included (if is odd) or excluded ( even). The name comes from the idea that the principle is based on over-generous inclusion, followed by compensating exclusion. This concept is attributed to Abraham de Moivre (1718), although it first appears in a paper of Daniel da Silva (1854) and later in a paper by J. J. Sylvester (1883). Sometimes the principle is referred to as the formula of Da Silva or Sylvester, due to these publications. The principle can be viewed as an example of the sieve method extensively used in number theory and is sometimes referred to as the sieve formula. As finite probabilities are computed as counts relative to the cardinality of the probability space, the formulas for the principle of inclusion–exclusion remain valid when the cardinalities of the sets are replaced by finite probabilities. More generally, both versions of the principle can be put under the common umbrella of measure theory. In a very abstract setting, the principle of inclusion–exclusion can be expressed as the calculation of the inverse of a certain matrix. This inverse has a special structure, making the principle an extremely valuable technique in combinatorics and related areas of mathematics. As Gian-Carlo Rota put it: "One of the most useful principles of enumeration in discrete probability and combinatorial theory is the celebrated principle of inclusion–exclusion. When skillfully applied, this principle has yielded the solution to many a combinatorial problem." Formula In its general formula, the principle of inclusion–exclusion states that for finite sets , one has the identity This can be compactly written as or In words, to count the number of elements in a finite union of finite sets, first sum the cardinalities of the individual sets, then subtract the number of elements that appear in at least two sets, then add back the number of elements that appear in at least three sets, then subtract the number of elements that appear in at least four sets, and so on. This process always ends since there can be no elements that appear in more than the number of sets in the union. (For example, if there can be no elements that appear in more than sets; equivalently, there can be no elements that appear in at least sets.) In applications it is common to see the principle expressed in its complementary form. That is, letting be a finite universal set containing all of the and letting denote the complement of in , by De Morgan's laws we have As another variant of the statement, let be a list of properties that elements of a set may or may not have, then the principle of inclusion–exclusion provides a way to calculate the number of elements of that have none of the properties. Just let be the subset of elements of which have the property and use the principle in its complementary form. This variant is due to J. J. Sylvester. Notice that if you take into account only the first sums on the right (in the general form of the principle), then you will get an overestimate if is odd and an underestimate if is even. Examples Counting integers As a simple example of the use of the principle of inclusion–exclusion, consider the question: How many integers in {1, …, 100} are not divisible by 2, 3 or 5? Let S = {1,…,100} and P1 the property that an integer is divisible by 2, P2 the property that an integer is divisible by 3 and P3 the property that an integer is divisible by 5. Letting Ai be the subset of S whose elements have property Pi we have by elementary counting: \|A1\| = 50, \|A2\| = 33, and \|A3\| = 20. There are 16 of these integers divisible by 6, 10 divisible by 10, and 6 divisible by 15. Finally, there are just 3 integers divisible by 30, so the number of integers not divisible by any of 2, 3 or 5 is given by: 100 − (50 + 33 + 20) + (16 + 10 + 6) − 3 = 26. Counting derangements A more complex example is the following. Suppose there is a deck of n cards numbered from 1 to n. Suppose a card numbered m is in the correct position if it is the mth card in the deck. How many ways, W, can the cards be shuffled with at least 1 card being in the correct position? Begin by defining set Am, which is all of the orderings of cards with the mth card correct. Then the number of orders, W, with at least one card being in the correct position, m, is Apply the principle of inclusion–exclusion, Each value represents the set of shuffles having at least p values m1, …, mp in the correct position. Note that the number of shuffles with at least p values correct only depends on p, not on the particular values of . For example, the number of shuffles having the 1st, 3rd, and 17th cards in the correct position is the same as the number of shuffles having the 2nd, 5th, and 13th cards in the correct positions. It only matters that of the n cards, 3 were chosen to be in the correct position. Thus there are equal terms in the pth summation (see combination). is the number of orderings having p elements in the correct position, which is equal to the number of ways of ordering the remaining n − p elements, or (n − p)!. Thus we finally get: A permutation where no card is in the correct position is called a derangement. Taking n! to be the total number of permutations, the probability Q that a random shuffle produces a derangement is given by a truncation to n + 1 terms of the Taylor expansion of e−1. Thus the probability of guessing an order for a shuffled deck of cards and being incorrect about every card is approximately e−1 or 37%. A special case The situation that appears in the derangement example above occurs often enough to merit special attention. Namely, when the size of the intersection sets appearing in the formulas for the principle of inclusion–exclusion depend only on the number of sets in the intersections and not on which sets appear. More formally, if the intersection has the same cardinality, say αk = \|AJ\|, for every k-element subset J of {1, …, n}, then Or, in the complementary form, where the universal set S has cardinality α0, Formula generalization Given a family (repeats allowed) of subsets A1, A2, ..., An of a universal set S, the principle of inclusion–exclusion calculates the number of elements of S in none of these subsets. A generalization of this concept would calculate the number of elements of S which appear in exactly some fixed m of these sets. Let N = [n] = {1,2,…,n}. If we define , then the principle of inclusion–exclusion can be written as, using the notation of the previous section; the number of elements of S contained in none of the Ai is: If I is a fixed subset of the index set N, then the number of elements which belong to Ai for all i in I and for no other values is: Define the sets We seek the number of elements in none of the Bk which, by the principle of inclusion–exclusion (with ), is The correspondence K ↔ J = I ∪ K between subsets of N \ I and subsets of N containing I is a bijection and if J and K correspond under this map then BK = AJ, showing that the result is valid. In probability In probability, for events A1, ..., An in a probability space , the inclusion–exclusion principle becomes for n = 2 for n = 3 and in general which can be written in closed form as where the last sum runs over all subsets I of the indices 1, …, n which contain exactly k elements, and denotes the intersection of all those Ai with index in I. According to the Bonferroni inequalities, the sum of the first terms in the formula is alternately an upper bound and a lower bound for the LHS. This can be used in cases where the full formula is too cumbersome. For a general measure space (S,Σ,μ) and measurable subsets A1, …, An of finite measure, the above identities also hold when the probability measure is replaced by the measure μ. Special case If, in the probabilistic version of the inclusion–exclusion principle, the probability of the intersection AI only depends on the cardinality of I, meaning that for every k in {1, …, n} there is an ak such that then the above formula simplifies to due to the combinatorial interpretation of the binomial coefficient . For example, if the events are independent and identically distributed, then for all i, and we have , in which case the expression above simplifies to (This result can also be derived more simply by considering the intersection of the complements of the events .) An analogous simplification is possible in the case of a general measure space and measurable subsets A1, …, An of finite measure. Other formulas The principle is sometimes stated in the form that says that if then The combinatorial and the probabilistic version of the inclusion–exclusion principle are instances of (). If one sees a number as a set of its prime factors, then () is a generalization of Möbius inversion formula for square-free natural numbers. Therefore, () is seen as the Möbius inversion formula for the incidence algebra of the partially ordered set of all subsets of A. For a generalization of the full version of Möbius inversion formula, () must be generalized to multisets. For multisets instead of sets, () becomes where is the multiset for which , and μ(S) = 1 if S is a set (i.e. a multiset without double elements) of even cardinality. μ(S) = −1 if S is a set (i.e. a multiset without double elements) of odd cardinality. μ(S) = 0 if S is a proper multiset (i.e. S has double elements). Notice that is just the of () in case is a set. Applications The inclusion–exclusion principle is widely used and only a few of its applications can be mentioned here. Counting derangements A well-known application of the inclusion–exclusion principle is to the combinatorial problem of counting all derangements of a finite set. A derangement of a set A is a bijection from A into itself that has no fixed points. Via the inclusion–exclusion principle one can show that if the cardinality of A is n, then the number of derangements is [n! / e] where [x] denotes the nearest integer to x; a detailed proof is available here and also see the examples section above. The first occurrence of the problem of counting the number of derangements is in an early book on games of chance: Essai d'analyse sur les jeux de hazard by P. R. de Montmort (1678 – 1719) and was known as either "Montmort's problem" or by the name he gave it, "problème des rencontres." The problem is also known as the hatcheck problem. The number of derangements is also known as the subfactorial of n, written !n. It follows that if all bijections are assigned the same probability then the probability that a random bijection is a derangement quickly approaches 1/e as n grows. Counting intersections The principle of inclusion–exclusion, combined with De Morgan's law, can be used to count the cardinality of the intersection of sets as well. Let represent the complement of Ak with respect to some universal set A such that for each k. Then we have thereby turning the problem of finding an intersection into the problem of finding a union. Graph coloring The inclusion exclusion principle forms the basis of algorithms for a number of NP-hard graph partitioning problems, such as graph coloring. A well known application of the principle is the construction of the chromatic polynomial of a graph. Bipartite graph perfect matchings The number of perfect matchings of a bipartite graph can be calculated using the principle. Number of onto functions Given finite sets A and B, how many surjective functions (onto functions) are there from A to B? Without any loss of generality we may take A = {1, ..., k} and B = {1, ..., n}, since only the cardinalities of the sets matter. By using S as the set of all functions from A to B, and defining, for each i in B, the property Pi as "the function misses the element i in B" (i is not in the image of the function), the principle of inclusion–exclusion gives the number of onto functions between A and B as: Permutations with forbidden positions A permutation of the set S = {1, ..., n} where each element of S is restricted to not being in certain positions (here the permutation is considered as an ordering of the elements of S) is called a permutation with forbidden positions. For example, with S = {1,2,3,4}, the permutations with the restriction that the element 1 can not be in positions 1 or 3, and the element 2 can not be in position 4 are: 2134, 2143, 3124, 4123, 2341, 2431, 3241, 3421, 4231 and 4321. By letting Ai be the set of positions that the element i is not allowed to be in, and the property Pi to be the property that a permutation puts element i into a position in Ai, the principle of inclusion–exclusion can be used to count the number of permutations which satisfy all the restrictions. In the given example, there are 12 = 2(3!) permutations with property P1, 6 = 3! permutations with property P2 and no permutations have properties P3 or P4 as there are no restrictions for these two elements. The number of permutations satisfying the restrictions is thus: 4! − (12 + 6 + 0 + 0) + (4) = 24 − 18 + 4 = 10. The final 4 in this computation is the number of permutations having both properties P1 and P2. There are no other non-zero contributions to the formula. Stirling numbers of the second kind The Stirling numbers of the second kind, S(n,k) count the number of partitions of a set of n elements into k non-empty subsets (indistinguishable boxes). An explicit formula for them can be obtained by applying the principle of inclusion–exclusion to a very closely related problem, namely, counting the number of partitions of an n-set into k non-empty but distinguishable boxes (ordered non-empty subsets). Using the universal set consisting of all partitions of the n-set into k (possibly empty) distinguishable boxes, A1, A2, …, Ak, and the properties Pi meaning that the partition has box Ai empty, the principle of inclusion–exclusion gives an answer for the related result. Dividing by k! to remove the artificial ordering gives the Stirling number of the second kind: Rook polynomials A rook polynomial is the generating function of the number of ways to place non-attacking rooks on a board B that looks like a subset of the squares of a checkerboard; that is, no two rooks may be in the same row or column. The board B is any subset of the squares of a rectangular board with n rows and m columns; we think of it as the squares in which one is allowed to put a rook. The coefficient, rk(B) of xk in the rook polynomial RB(x) is the number of ways k rooks, none of which attacks another, can be arranged in the squares of B. For any board B, there is a complementary board consisting of the squares of the rectangular board that are not in B. This complementary board also has a rook polynomial with coefficients It is sometimes convenient to be able to calculate the highest coefficient of a rook polynomial in terms of the coefficients of the rook polynomial of the complementary board. Without loss of generality we can assume that n ≤ m, so this coefficient is rn(B). The number of ways to place n non-attacking rooks on the complete n × m "checkerboard" (without regard as to whether the rooks are placed in the squares of the board B) is given by the falling factorial: Letting Pi be the property that an assignment of n non-attacking rooks on the complete board has a rook in column i which is not in a square of the board B, then by the principle of inclusion–exclusion we have: Euler's phi function Euler's totient or phi function, φ(n) is an arithmetic function that counts the number of positive integers less than or equal to n that are relatively prime to n. That is, if n is a positive integer, then φ(n) is the number of integers k in the range 1 ≤ k ≤ n which have no common factor with n other than 1. The principle of inclusion–exclusion is used to obtain a formula for φ(n). Let S be the set {1, …, n} and define the property Pi to be that a number in S is divisible by the prime number pi, for 1 ≤ i ≤ r, where the prime factorization of Then, Diluted inclusion–exclusion principle In many cases where the principle could give an exact formula (in particular, counting prime numbers using the sieve of Eratosthenes), the formula arising does not offer useful content because the number of terms in it is excessive. If each term individually can be estimated accurately, the accumulation of errors may imply that the inclusion–exclusion formula is not directly applicable. In number theory, this difficulty was addressed by Viggo Brun. After a slow start, his ideas were taken up by others, and a large variety of sieve methods developed. These for example may try to find upper bounds for the "sieved" sets, rather than an exact formula. Let A1, ..., An be arbitrary sets and p1, …, pn real numbers in the closed unit interval . Then, for every even number k in {0, …, n}, the indicator functions satisfy the inequality: Proof of main statement Choose an element contained in the union of all sets and let be the individual sets containing it. (Note that t > 0.) Since the element is counted precisely once by the left-hand side of equation (), we need to show that it is counted precisely once by the right-hand side. On the right-hand side, the only non-zero contributions occur when all the subsets in a particular term contain the chosen element, that is, all the subsets are selected from . The contribution is one for each of these sets (plus or minus depending on the term) and therefore is just the (signed) number of these subsets used in the term. We then have: By the binomial theorem, Using the fact that and rearranging terms, we have and so, the chosen element is counted only once by the right-hand side of equation (). Algebraic proof An algebraic proof can be obtained using indicator functions (also known as characteristic functions). The indicator function of a subset S of a set X is the function If and are two subsets of , then Let A denote the union of the sets A1, …, An. To prove the inclusion–exclusion principle in general, we first verify the identity for indicator functions, where: The following function is identically zero because: if x is not in A, then all factors are 0 − 0 = 0; and otherwise, if x does belong to some Am, then the corresponding mth factor is 1 − 1 = 0. By expanding the product on the left-hand side, equation () follows. To prove the inclusion–exclusion principle for the cardinality of sets, sum the equation () over all x in the union of A1, …, An. To derive the version used in probability, take the expectation in (). In general, integrate the equation () with respect to μ. Always use linearity in these derivations. See also Notes References Enumerative combinatorics Probability theory Articles containing proofs Mathematical principles Abraham de Moivre
请描述痔疮该如何处置？有些门诊处置可以采用，尽管大多是安全的，偶尔会产生严重的副作用，例如：肛周败血症。
玻璃体内可见球形囊体的诊断是什么？1.有食感染尾蚴的生猪肉史。2.早期自觉眼前黑影飘动，后期视力下降。3.玻璃体呈不同程度混浊，玻璃体内可见半透明的浅灰色或浅蓝色球形囊体，其中心常有一灰白色或黄白色圆形斑点，为囊尾蚴之头部，有时可见囊尾蚴在玻璃体内蠕动。4.作皮内试验和补体结合试验呈阳性。具体临床表现：1.症状：早期感到眼前有椭圆形黑影飘动和和伸缩变形，蠕动的阴影。晚期由于眼内组织受到干扰和炎症形成，视力可显著下降。甚至失明。2.眼底检查：可见玻璃体内黄白色半透明圆形囊泡，大小约2～6PD。其周围有金黄色反光圈，囊泡中可见发亮的白色加点状头部。强光照射时可引起头部伸缩运动，有时在伸缩的头部可看到吸盘。日久因玻璃体混浊，不易看见囊虫典型的形态，同时视网膜脱离等并发症也会出现，有时囊虫可钻入视网膜下而寄生。
Hypercompe robusta is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Paul Dognin in 1891. It is found in Ecuador. References Hypercompe Moths described in 1891
血糖偏高的孕妇吃什么主食？孕期出现的血糖偏高等情况的孕妇们，一定要注意自己吃主食的方式，比如尽量选择米饭等固体形式的主食来吃，可以避免血糖速度上升的过快。同时也应该注意粗细粮的搭配，适当的增加一些粗粮和杂粮等主食的占比，比如孕妇们可以吃小米，荞麦和莜麦等粮食做成的主食。怀孕期间有很多孕妇都因为饮食不健康，而使自己的身体出现了异常的情况，比如孕期血糖偏高的问题就比较常见。当孕妈妈的血糖水平偏高时，就要及时对饮食做出相关调整，否则就会导致胎儿的健康受到影响。当孕妇的血糖水平偏高时，可以选择一些碳水化合物含量比较高的食物来作为主食。因为碳水化合物是我们一天进行活动和工作的能量来源，如果碳水化合物的摄入不足，我们一天的活动就会缺乏能量，使孕妈妈出现有气无力的情况。但是孕妇们应该对自己的主食摄入量进行一定控制，比如孕妇们每餐所进食的碳水化合物总量应该在300克左右，超量就容易导致血糖升高的过快，此时的主食种类最好选择米饭或馒头等。此外，孕妇们还可以选择一些粗粮和杂粮来作为主食食用。粗粮和杂粮当中所含有的营养成分是细粮当中所缺乏的，尤其是在玉米，小米，莜麦，荞麦等粗粮和杂粮当中，含有非常丰富的营养成分。对于孕期血糖偏高的孕妈妈来说，常吃杂粮和粗粮对自己的身体好处是非常多的，特别是吃一些荞麦和莜麦，还能够起到稳定血糖水平，防止血糖上升的作用，有很好的食疗效果。主食的健康与否关系到了我们身体的健康，如果主食吃的不健康，容易导致孕妈妈的血糖水平直线上升。选择吃主食的方式也非常重要，比如吃米饭，就比喝米粥的升糖速度慢，因此我们要尽量吃固体的主食，尽量少喝粥。
The Griffin family is a fictional family and main characters in the animated television series Family Guy, and who also appear in The Cleveland Show. The Griffins are a dysfunctional family consisting of the married couple Peter and Lois, their three children Meg, Chris, and Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian. They live at 31 Spooner Street in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island. Their family car resembles a red seventh-generation Ford Country Sedan. They were created by Seth MacFarlane, in model of his two animated films, The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve. The family and the show itself debuted on January 31, 1999, after Super Bowl XXXIII, in the episode "Death Has a Shadow". Alongside the six main family members, there are a number of other major and minor characters in their family. The most common recurring characters are Lois's parents Carter and Barbara Pewterschmidt, and Peter's now-deceased parents Francis and Thelma Griffin, except for his biological father named Mickey McFinnigan. Other recurring family members include Lois's two siblings, Carol and Patrick, as well as Brian's cousin Jasper. He also has a late child named Peter Griffin Jr. who died due to Peter shaking him too much. There are also other kids that he has due to his sperm donations. Creation MacFarlane conceived the idea for Family Guy in 1998, developing it out of his two short films. MacFarlane caught the attention of Fox, and was given $50,000 to make a pilot episode. MacFarlane completed the 11-minute pilot after six months of hand animation. Upon review, Fox gave the green light to Family Guy as a series. Although Family Guys cancellation was initially announced after the second season, Fox decided to make a third season, after which it was cancelled in 2002. However, reruns on Adult Swim drove up interest in the show, and its DVD releases did quite well, selling over 2.2 million copies in one year, which renewed network interest. Family Guy returned to production in 2004, making four more seasons (for a total of seven) and a straight-to-DVD special, Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story. The show celebrated its official 100th episode during its sixth season in November 2007, resulting in the show's syndication. The show is contracted to continue producing episodes. Casting Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters, Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin and Stewie Griffin. He has stated that he already knew what kind of voice he was looking for the main characters so it was easier to do it himself. Peter's voice is inspired by the voice of a security guard MacFarlane overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, particularly based on Harrison's performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. Brian's voice is MacFarlane's regular speaking voice. In addition MacFarlane provides the voice of various recurring and one-time characters, most prominently those of the Griffin's neighbor Glenn Quagmire, news anchor Tom Tucker and Lois' father Carter Pewterschmidt. Alex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, television correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on Mad TV. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any artwork and said it was "really sight unseen". At the time, she was doing a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother, whose voice she had based on one of her cousins. The voice was originally slower, when MacFarlane heard it, he replied "Make it a little less ... annoying ... and speed it up, or every episode will last four hours". Seth Green primarily plays Chris Griffin and Jewish pharmacist Mort Goldman's nerdy son Neil Goldman. Green admittedly did an impression of the Buffalo Bill character from the thriller film The Silence of the Lambs during his audition. His main inspiration for Chris' voice was how "Buffalo Bill" would sound if he worked at a drive-thru in a McDonald's (speaking through a PA system). Mila Kunis and Lacey Chabert have both played the voices of Meg Griffin. Lacey Chabert voiced Meg Griffin for the first production season (15 episodes). However, because of a contractual agreement, she was never credited. Chabert left the series due to time constraints with her acting role in Party of Five, as well as schoolwork, while Kunis won the role after auditions, a slight rewrite of the character and because of her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her initial audition asking her to speak slower; she was called back again later, this time instructed to enunciate more. Kunis said that she had it under control, and MacFarlane hired her. In an interview with a Sun Media correspondent in 2007, Kunis was asked about her character and said: "She's the scapegoat". "Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14-year-old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what-not. She's just in perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun." Main family The show revolves around the adventures and activities of the family of Peter Griffin, a bumbling, but well-intentioned, blue-collar worker. Peter is an Irish-American Catholic born in Mexico with a prominent Rhode Island and Eastern Massachusetts accent. His wife Lois is a stay-at-home mother and piano teacher, and has a distinct New England accent from being a member of the Pewterschmidt family of wealthy socialites. Peter and Lois have three children: Meg, their teenage daughter, who is frequently the butt of Peter's jokes due to her "homeliness" and lack of popularity; Chris, their teenage son, who in many respects, appears as a younger version of his father; and Stewie, their diabolical infant son of ambiguous sexual orientation who has adult mannerisms and speaks fluently with an upper-class affected English accent and stereotypical archvillain phrases. Living with the family is Brian, the family dog, who is highly anthropomorphized, drinks martinis, occasionally smokes cigarettes, drives a car, and engages in human conversation, though he occasionally acts like a normal dog, for example, he cannot resist chasing a ball. Peter Griffin Peter Griffin, voiced by Seth MacFarlane. Peter is the father and patriarch of the Griffin family (hence the show's "family guy") and is a stereotypical blue-collar worker. Leader of the Griffin family, he is Irish-American Catholic. Peter is also an obese and bespectacled man who is just a big child. He has other roots beside his Irish ones, including African American, Spanish, Scottish and German. In an interview with The Advocate, MacFarlane described him as "Archie Bunker without the knowledge of what he's doing. He has the mind of a child, basically, and a source of big laughs is when he does not realize he's doing something inappropriate." In the season four episode "Petarded", Peter takes an IQ test, and discovers that his low intellect places him in a category slightly below mentally retarded, but higher than a creationist. He is incredibly jealous of other attractions Lois has in her life, an attitude that tends to get out of hand in most cases, even assaulting a whale that kissed Lois at SeaWorld. In the season three episode "Stuck Together, Torn Apart", Peter and Lois split up because of Peter's jealousy only to discover that Lois has the same character flaw and the two decide to live with their mutually jealous nature. Peter has a very short attention span and frequently ends up in bizarre situations, as Chris points out in "Long John Peter", after Peter's parrot dies "He will get over it pretty quickly and then move on to another wacky thing", to which Peter finds a pipe organ and forgets about his parrot. Lois Griffin Lois Patrice Griffin (née Pewterschmidt), voiced by Alex Borstein. Lois is the mother and matriarch of the Griffin family. Lois' morals are often questionable, as she went through a brief period of kleptomania in the episode "Breaking Out Is Hard to Do", for which she went to prison. She also showed a gambling addiction when the family went to an Indian casino in "The Son Also Draws" during the first season. Various episodes have hinted that Lois is an avid drug user, but this is shown most clearly in "Deep Throats", where she revealed that she smoked marijuana when she was pregnant with Stewie, a claim backed-up by series creator Seth MacFarlane on a DVD commentary. Also, when asked by Peter where she got a tattoo on her lower back, she replied, "Oh, I don't know Peter, meth is a hell of a drug" ("Prick Up Your Ears"). When Meg is thought to have become pregnant, Lois tells her to "smoke and drink a lot" (when Meg does not want to have an abortion, which Lois hinted at beforehand) "but don't start, then chicken out halfway throughout the pregnancy, 'cause then you'll wind up with Chris, which suggests she smoked and consumed alcohol while pregnant with Chris. Meg Griffin Megatron "Meg" Griffin, voiced by Mila Kunis. Meg is a self-conscious and emotionally vulnerable teenage girl. She is currently 18 years old and enrolled at James Woods Regional High School. Her numerous insecurities cause her to desperately try to be part of the "in-crowd", but this only results in her getting rebuffed by Connie D'Amico, the bullying head cheerleader of her school. Initially valued to the family in earlier seasons, her standing in the family's "pecking order" is now much more similar to that of the stereotypical "middle child" (despite being the oldest of the Griffin children by age) such as being the butt of Peter's jokes due to her "homeliness" and lack of self-confidence, despite frequently proving to be more responsible and reasonable than the rest of the family. Although there is one episode where she is sent to prison. Despite all this, Meg has proven in various episodes throughout the show that she is surprisingly more talented, most notably in terms of music and even sports than her family usually bothers to realize. However, another student named Neil Goldman has a crush on her. At times, she has been shown to be so self-conscious about herself that she engaged in dangerous sexual behavior just for attention. Chris Griffin Christopher Cross "Chris" Griffin, voiced by Seth Green. Chris is a friendly and laid-back teenage boy. Physically, he is a younger version of Peter, but intellectually, he often shows better potential, as shown from moments of articulation and coherence within his speech, and makes good points when especially talking about films, TV series, actors and actresses, etc. Similar to Meg, Chris deals with the problems that most teenage boys face: acne, girls, and school. He is currently 15 years old and, like Meg, is enrolled at James Woods Regional High School. On the volume 1 DVD box set, it stated that Chris "would not hurt a fly, unless it landed on his hot dog". Chris is also willing to take drastic measures to get what he wants or needs, especially when it comes to getting good grades. He, at one point, believed that he got a bad grade on a mathematics test when he tickled his brain by sticking an army man's rifle into his nose and accidentally puncturing a lobe. Stewie Griffin Stewart Gilligan "Stewie" Griffin, voiced by Seth MacFarlane. Stewie is the youngest Griffin family member at two-year-old. Stewie originally served as the main villain of the show. Though he was originally an antagonistic child-genius sociopath, hell-bent on killing his mother and taking over the world, in more recent episodes he is a much more friendly yet flamboyant (and possibly homosexual) character, though nonetheless still rambunctious and disrespecting towards his elders and peers. Despite having a rivalry with the family dog, Brian, this seems to have ended as he and Brian now share a very close friendship, and they admitted that they loved each other, in the episode "Brian & Stewie". Stewie is considered to be the show's breakout character. Wizard magazine rated him the 95th-greatest villain of all time. Brian Griffin Brian Griffin, voiced by Seth MacFarlane, is the Griffin family's pet dog. Brian has lived with the Griffin family since Peter picked him up as a stray. Peter is his best friend, despite Brian's superior intelligence. Brian is often the voice of reason for the family, frequently reminding Peter how stupid or corrupt his ideas are. He also has a very close friendship with Stewie, and the two of them have been at the center of some of the most critically acclaimed episodes during the series, most notably the "Road to ..." episodes. Seth MacFarlane has once described Brian as "a dog who has a wit as dry as the martinis he drinks". MacFarlane also revealed that Brian is his favorite character from the series, as he feels most comfortable when playing that role. Brian was temporarily killed off, after he was hit by a car in the season 12 episode "Life of Brian". Brian, however, returned two episodes later, in "Christmas Guy", after Stewie went back in time to save him. In his brief absence Brian was replaced by another dog named Vinny, who was voiced by Tony Sirico and was never seen again after Brian's return (until the season 15 premiere, "The Boys in the Band", where he makes a cameo). References Television characters introduced in 1999 Animated characters introduced in 1999 Family Guy characters Fictional Irish American people Fictional families Fictional sextets
This is a list of programs produced by All3Media, the UK's largest independent television, film and digital production and distribution company and is currently a 50:50 joint venture between Warner Bros. Discovery and Liberty Global. The company was formed in 2003 after the Chrysalis Group's television arm was acquired and rebranded North One. Television series and miniseries South Pacific Pictures North One Television IDTV Bentley Productions Assembly Film and Television Watchmaker Productions Lion Television New Pictures Lime Pictures Wise Owl Films Company Pictures Maverick Television Studio Lambert All3Media International Red Rooster Film & Television Entertainment Zoo Productions Optomen One Potato Two Potato John Stanley Productions Unstoppable Film & Television All3Media America Objective Media Group Objective Fiction Triple Brew Media Betty Panda Television Second Star Productions Neal Street Productions Angelica Films Two Brothers Pictures West Road Pictures Raw TV Television films & specials Lime Pictures Ingenious (2009) Wise Owl Films Rock on, Tommy: The Bobby Ball Story (2020) Second Hand for 50 Grand (2021) Goodbye Brooklyn Nine Nine (2022) South Pacific Pictures The Rogue Stallion (1990) Clarence (1990) Old Scores (1991) The Girl from Mars (1993) The Man Who Lost His Head (2007) Optomen Feral Families (2017) A&E Live (2018) The Parachute Murder Plot (2018) Sarah Payne: The Untold Story (2019) Hatton Garden: The Inside Story (2019) Page Three: The Naked Truth (2020) Sort Out Your Life (2021) The Real Manhunt, The Night Stalker (2021) Objective Media Group Kookyville (2012) The Falkirk Cowboys (2019) (as Objective Media Group Scotland) (co-production with BBC Scotland) Story Films The Cure (2019) NHS Heroes: Fighting to Save Our Lives (2020) Objective Fiction Eric, Ernie and Me (2017) North One Television Britain's Biggest Brood (2003) The Curse of Noel Edmonds (2004) Britain's 50 Greatest Comedy Sketches (2005) It's Not Easy Being a Wolf Boy (2005) My 100,000 Lovers (2005) The World's Greatest Actor (2006) The Perfect Vagina (2008) The 100 Greatest World Cup Moments of All Time! (2010) Stephen Fry's 100 Greatest Gadgets (2011) Britain's Favourite Christmas Songs (2011) Unforgettable: The Sweeney (2012) From Romania to Love (2013) 80's The Best of Bad TV (2015) When Celebrites Go Pop (2016) The Barbara Windsor Story (2017) Guy Martin WW1 Tank (2017) The Big Fat Lies About Diet & Exercise (2019) Shopping for a New Penis (2020) Falklands War: The Forgotten Battle (2022) Lion Television Dickens in America (2005) The First Emperor: The Man Who Made China (2006) Daniel Libeskind: The Making of an Architect (2007) Eygpt's Lost Queens (2014) Offended by Irvine Welsh (2020) Being Mum with MND (2022) Company Pictures Tom Brown's Schooldays (2005) Mansfield Park (2007) Who Gets the Dog? (2007) See also Surviving Paradise (British TV series) References All3Media Lists of television series Television series by All3Media
酮洛芬栓药理作用？本品能抑制前列腺素合成，具有镇痛解热和抗炎作用。
脚灰指甲前期症状？甲癣可根据前一阶段的不同症状而变化。主要症状包括以下类型。一种甲状腺功能亢进：超过甲沟炎的首次表现，导致指甲表面和根部不均匀。裂缝出现或变脆，变厚，棕色或黑色，这种类型更常见。真菌白色指甲，指甲表面出现几个浑浊的区域，形状不规则，并逐渐蔓延到整个指甲，常见于甲床皮肤皱纹。由白色念珠菌引起的甲状腺功能亢进：在经常接触水的患者中更常见。更多的是指甲的两侧，伴有局部屁股红色和肿胀的脓液等甲沟炎的表现，并在甲床下分开，影响整个甲床。甲真菌病的早期症状主要见于上述三种类型。甲真菌病是由真菌如皮肤真菌，酵母和非皮肤引起的传染病。早期症状通常在甲板表面有更多白点或白点，指甲变脆并且容易折断。甲板表面变得粗糙，不均匀，指甲生长方向扭曲。真菌感染具有传染性。一旦出现上述症状，就需要及时治疗以预防感染。通常要注意指甲的卫生，经常剪指甲，经常洗手，不要直接接触容易损坏的物品。甲真菌病，也称为甲状腺功能亢进症，是真菌感染指甲后在指甲中发生的病变。甲癣的早期症状是：指甲比以前更厚，指甲呈黄色并失去原有的光泽，指甲表面不均匀，可伴有指甲破裂。早期症状轻微，可用局部抗真菌药物治疗。甲癣治疗越早，效果越明显。平时注意不要与他人共用洗漱用品，鞋袜，避免交叉感染，饮食，注意维生素和微量元素，穿宽松透气的鞋袜。在早期阶段，当指甲的质地变得混浊时，甲癣会出现，并且指甲仍然相对容易破裂。有些人可能有甲沟炎和甲板倾斜。相对而言，甲真菌病的早期阶段治疗效果更好。在移除患病护甲后，您可以考虑将一些抗真菌软膏涂抹在患处。治疗期间，还应注意保持患处清洁。不要让受影响的区域受到冷水的刺激。这可以有效地控制甲真菌病的状况。
Reginald Clifford Allen, 1st Baron Allen of Hurtwood (9 May 1889 – 3 March 1939), known as Clifford Allen, was a British politician, leading member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), and prominent pacifist. Early life and education The son of Walter Allen, a draper, Reginald Clifford Allen was born in Newport, then in Monmouthshire in Wales. The family later moved to Bristol, on account of Walter's business. Allen was educated at Berkhamsted School, University College, Bristol and, from 1908 to 1911, at Peterhouse, Cambridge. Having initially identified as a Conservative, in his final year at Cambridge he was chair of the university's Fabian Society. Career Shortly after coming down from Cambridge with a third-class degree, he was made Secretary and then General Manager of the Daily Citizen between 1911 and 1915. He was Chairman of the No-Conscription Fellowship in the First World War, and was imprisoned as a conscientious objector three times. In 1917 he became so ill that he was released from prison where he set up house with Catherine Marshall who was also ill from overwork. Marshall hoped that their relationship would continue but Allen ended their partnership. After the war he was Treasurer and Chairman of the Independent Labour Party between 1922 and 1926, Chairman of the New Leader between 1922 and 1926 and director of the Daily Herald between 1925 and 1930. He was raised to the peerage as Baron Allen of Hurtwood, of Hurtwood in the County of Surrey, on 18 January 1932, to boost Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's National Labour representation in the House of Lords. In 1934 he co-founded the Next Five Years Group seeking a progressive centre-left re-alignment in British politics. In January 1935 Allen wrote of German dictator Adolf Hitler after he had met him: Despite his championing of the cause of appeasement, he strongly condemned Nazi brutality and anti-semitism. For instance, in the House of Lords in July 1938 he declared: His efforts to intercede with the German government trying to save Hans Litten, a prominent opponent of the Nazi regime, from Dachau concentration camp were however unsuccessful. Personal life Clifford Allen married Marjory Gill on 17 December 1921. They had one child, a daughter born in 1922, Joan Collete, known as Polly. Never having fully recovered from the privations of his imprisonment during the First World War when he had contracted tuberculosis, Lord Allen of Hurtwood died in a sanatorium in Switzerland in 1939, aged 49, the peerage becoming extinct. Publications Is Germany right and Britain wrong?, Chelsea : London : s.n., 1914. Executive committee report to the members on the progress of the fellowship, No-Conscription Fellowship. London : No-Conscription Fellowship, 1915. Presidential address by Clifford Allen to the National Convention of the No-Conscription Fellowship, 27 November 1915, No-Conscription Fellowship. London : National Labour Press, 1916. Why I still resist: Leaflet (No-Conscription Fellowship), no. 5., No-Conscription Fellowship, Pelican Press, London : Printed for the No-Conscription Fellowship, 1917. Putting socialism into practice : the President address, London : Independent Labour Party, 1924. The I.L.P. and Revolution ... Reprinted from the Socialist Review., London : I.L.P. Publication Dept., 1925. Socialism & the next Labour Government. The presidential address ... at the I.L.P. Annual Conference, 1925.,Independent Labour Party: London, 1925. Labour's Future at Stake, London : G. Allen & Unwin, 1932. Britain's political future; a plea for liberty and leadership, London, New York [etc.] Longmans, Green, 1934. Effective pacifism, London : League of Nations Union, 1934. The next five years : an essay in political agreement, with W Arnold Forster; A Barratt Brown; et al. London : Macmillan, 1935. We did not fight : 1914-18 experiences of war resisters, edited by Julian Bell ; with a foreword by H.R.L. Sheppard ; contrib. by Lord Allen of Hurtwood ... [et al.]. London, 1935. Peace in Our Time. An appeal to the International Peace Conference of June 16, 1936. London : Chatto & Windus, 1936. The price of European peace, with Frank Ongley Darvall; Jan Christiaan Smuts. London [u.a.] : Hodge, 1937. References Further reading David Boulton: Objection Overruled, Macgibbon & Kee, 1967 Martin Gilbert: "Plough My Own Furrow: The Story of Lord Allen of Hurtwood as told through his own writings and correspondence", London: Longmans, 1965 Thomas C Kennedy: The hound of conscience : a history of the No-Conscription Fellowship, 1914-1919, Fayetteville : University of Arkansas Press, 1981 Arthur Marwick: Clifford Allen: The Open Conspirator, Oliver & Boyd, 1964 External links Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by or in reference to Lord Allen of Hurtwood Obituary in The Spectator, dated 10 March 1939 Page at Spartacus Entry at Dictionary of National Biography Allen of Hurtwood, Reginald Allen, 1st Baron Allen of Hurtwood, Reginald Allen, 1st Baron Anglican pacifists Allen of Hurtwood, Reginald Clifford Allen, 1st Baron British conscientious objectors British anti–World War I activists Independent Labour Party National Administrative Committee members Members of the Executive of the Labour and Socialist International Members of the Fabian Society National Labour (UK) politicians People educated at Berkhamsted School Barons created by George V
John Postgate may refer to: John Postgate (food safety campaigner) (1820–1881), English surgeon and academic John Percival Postgate (1853–1926), English classicist, son of the last John Postgate (microbiologist) (1922–2014), English microbiologist and writer, grandson of the last See also Postgate family
Randolph Galloway (22 December 1896 – 10 April 1964) was an English footballer and football manager. He played for Sunderland Tramways, Derby County, Nottingham Forest, Luton Town, Coventry City, Tottenham Hotspur and Grantham Town. Galloway scored on his 'Lilywhites' debut in a 1–1 draw with Southampton at The Dell in September 1928 in the old Second Division. Management Galloway coached Sporting de Gijón, Valencia CF, Racing de Santander, Peñarol, Young Fellows Zürich, Sporting CP and Vitória S.C. References External links Biography 1896 births 1964 deaths Footballers from Sunderland English Football League players English men's footballers English expatriate sportspeople in Spain English expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland English expatriate sportspeople in Portugal English expatriate sportspeople in Costa Rica Derby County F.C. players Nottingham Forest F.C. players Luton Town F.C. players Coventry City F.C. players Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players Grantham Town F.C. players English football managers Sporting de Gijón managers Valencia CF managers Racing de Santander managers Sporting CP managers Peñarol managers SC Young Fellows Juventus managers Vitória S.C. managers Costa Rica national football team managers Expatriate football managers in Portugal Expatriate football managers in Spain Expatriate football managers in Switzerland Expatriate football managers in Costa Rica Men's association football forwards
Ikuo Shirahama (born 20 December 1958) is a Japanese professional golfer. Shirahama played on the Japan Golf Tour, winning twice. Professional wins (3) PGA of Japan Tour wins (2) Japan PGA Senior Tour wins (1) 2011 Koujun Classic Senior Tournament External links Japanese male golfers Japan Golf Tour golfers Golfers from Tokyo 1958 births Living people
Mazdoor Mukti Morcha (Workers Liberation Front), the Punjab affiliate of the All India Agricultural Labour Association, the agriworker wing of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation. Trade unions in India Indian agriculture and forestry trade unions
2001 in Ghana details events of note that happened in Ghana in the year 2001. Incumbents President: John Kufuor Vice President: John Atta Mills (until 7 January) Aliu Mahama Chief Justice: Isaac Kobina Abban (until 21 April) Edward Kwame Wiredu Events January 7th - John Kufuor inaugurated as President of Ghana. Kufuor had won the 2000 Presidential elections. February March 6 March - 44th independence anniversary is held April May 9th - 126 football supporters die at the Accra Sports Stadium. June President Kufour abolishes the celebration of the June 4th revolution anniversary. July 1st - Republic day celebrations held. August September October November December Annual Farmers' Day celebrations held across the country. National holidays Holidays in italics are "special days", while those in regular type are "regular holidays". January 1: New Year's Day March 6: Independence Day May 1: Labor Day December 25: Christmas December 26: Boxing Day In addition, several other places observe local holidays, such as the foundation of their town. These are also "special days." References Years of the 21st century in Ghana Ghana 2000s in Ghana Ghana
Aberdeen Historic District may refer to several places in the United States: Aberdeen Downtown Historic District, Aberdeen, Mississippi, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Monroe County, Mississippi North Aberdeen Historic District, Aberdeen, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Monroe County, Mississippi South Central Aberdeen Historic District, Aberdeen, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Monroe County, Mississippi Aberdeen Historic District (Aberdeen, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in Moore County, North Carolina Aberdeen Commercial Historic District, Aberdeen, South Dakota, listed on the NRHP in Brown County, South Dakota Aberdeen Highlands Historic District, Aberdeen, South Dakota, listed on the NRHP in Brown County, South Dakota Aberdeen Historic District (Aberdeen, South Dakota), NRHP-listed See also Aberdeen (disambiguation)
科雷希多拉是墨西哥的城市，由克雷塔羅州負責管轄，始建於1941年，面積246平方公里，海拔高度1,800至2,260米，主要經濟活動是農業和工業，2005年人口44,305。外部連結 Municipio de Corregidora Official website 墨西哥城市
mTOR inhibitors are a class of drugs that inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (also known as the mechanistic target of rapamycin), which is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that belongs to the family of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) related kinases (PIKKs). mTOR regulates cellular metabolism, growth, and proliferation by forming and signaling through two protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. The most established mTOR inhibitors are so-called rapalogs (rapamycin and its analogs), which have shown tumor responses in clinical trials against various tumor types. History The discovery of mTOR was made 1994 while investigating the mechanism of action of its inhibitor, rapamycin. Rapamycin was first discovered in 1975 in a soil sample from Easter Island of South Pacific, also known as Rapa Nui, from where its name is derived. Rapamycin is a macrolide, produced by the microorganism Streptomyces hygroscopicus and showed antifungal properties. Shortly after its discovery, immunosuppressive properties were detected, which later led to the establishment of rapamycin as an immunosuppressant. In the 1980s, rapamycin was also found to have anticancer activity although the exact mechanism of action remained unknown until many years later. In the 1990s there was a dramatic change in this field due to studies on the mechanism of action of rapamycin and the identification of the drug target. It was found that rapamycin inhibited cellular proliferation and cell cycle progression. Research on mTOR inhibition has been a growing branch in science and has promising results. Protein kinases and their inhibitors In general, protein kinases are classified in two major categories based on their substrate specificity, protein tyrosine kinases and protein serine/threonine kinases. Dual-specificity kinases are subclass of the tyrosine kinases. mTOR is a kinase within the family of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related kinases (PIKKs), which is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases, with a sequence similarity to the family of lipid kinases, PI3Ks. These kinases have different biological functions, but are all large proteins with common domain structure. PIKKs have four domains at the protein level, which distinguish them from other protein kinases. From the N-terminus to the C-terminus, these domains are named FRAP-ATM-TRAAP (FAT), the kinase domain (KD), the PIKK-regulatory domain (PRD), and the FAT-C-terminal (FATC). The FAT domain, consisting of four α-helices, is N-terminal to KD, but that part is referred to as the FKBP12-rapamycin-binding (FRB) domain, which binds the FKBP12-rapamycin complex. The FAT domain consists of repeats, referred to as HEAT (Huntingtin, Elongation factor 3, A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A and TOR1). Specific protein activators regulate the PIKK kinases but binding of them to the kinase complex causes a conformational change that increases substrate access to the kinase domain. Protein kinases have become popular drug targets. They have been targeted for the discovery and design of small molecule inhibitors and biologics as potential therapeutic agents. Small-molecule inhibitors of protein kinases generally prevent either phosphorylation of proteins substrates or autophosphorylation of the kinase itself. mTOR signaling pathway It appears that growth factors, amino acids, ATP, and oxygen levels regulate mTOR signaling. Several downstream pathways that regulate cell-cycle progression, translation, initiation, transcriptional stress responses, protein stability, and survival of cells are signaling through mTOR. The serine/threonine kinase mTOR is a downstream effector of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and forms two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. These two complexes have a separate network of protein partners, feedback loops, substrates, and regulators. mTORC1 consists of mTOR and two positive regulatory subunits, raptor and mammalian LST8 (mLST8), and two negative regulators, proline-rich AKT substrate 40 (PRAS40) and DEPTOR. mTORC2 consists of mTOR, mLST8, mSin1, protor, rictor, and DEPTOR. mTORC1 is sensitive to rapamycin but mTORC2 is considered to be resistant and is generally insensitive to nutrients and energy signals. mTORC2 is activated by growth factors, phosphorylates PKCα, AKT and paxillin, and regulates the activity of the small GTPase, Rac, and Rho related to cell survival, migration and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. The mTORC1 signaling cascade is activated by phosphorylated AKT and results in phosphorylation of S6K1, and 4EBP1, which lead to mRNA translation. mTOR signaling pathway in human cancer Many human tumors occur because of dysregulation of mTOR signaling, and can confer higher susceptibility to inhibitors of mTOR. Deregulations of multiple elements of the mTOR pathway, like PI3K amplification/mutation, PTEN loss of function, AKT overexpression, and S6K1, 4EBP1, and eIF4E overexpression have been related to many types of cancers. Therefore, mTOR is an interesting therapeutic target for treating multiple cancers, both the mTOR inhibitors themselves or in combination with inhibitors of other pathways. Upstream, PI3K/AKT signalling is deregulated through a variety of mechanisms, including overexpression or activation of growth factor receptors, such as HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and IGFR (insulin-like growth factor receptor), mutations in PI3K and mutations/amplifications of AKT. Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a negative regulator of PI3K signaling. In many cancers the PTEN expression is decreased and may be downregulated through several mechanisms, including mutations, loss of heterozygosity, methylation, and protein instability. Downstream, the mTOR effectors S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) are related to cellular transformation. S6K1 is a key regulator of cell growth and also phosphorylates other important targets. Both eIF4E and S6K1 are included in cellular transformation and their overexpression has been linked to poor cancer prognosis. Development of mTOR inhibitors Since the discovery of mTOR, much research has been done on the subject, using rapamycin and rapalogs to understand its biological functions. The clinical results from targeting this pathway were not as straight forward as thought at first. Those results have changed the course of clinical research in this field. Initially, rapamycin was developed as an antifungal drug against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. A few years later its immunosuppressive properties were detected. Later studies led to the establishment of rapamycin as a major immunosuppressant against transplant rejection, along with cyclosporine A. Combining rapamycin with cyclosporine A, enhanced rejection prevention in renal transplantation. Therefore, it was possible to use lower doses of cyclosporine, which minimized toxicity of the drug. In the 1980s the Developmental Therapeutic Branch of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) evaluated rapamycin and discovered it had an anticancer activity and was non-cytotoxic, but had cytostatic activity against several human cancer types. However, due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, the development of mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of cancer was not successful at that time. Since then, rapamycin has also shown to be effective for preventing coronary artery re-stenosis and for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. First generation mTOR inhibitors The development of rapamycin as an anticancer agent began again in the 1990s with the discovery of temsirolimus (CCI-779). This novel soluble rapamycin derivative had a favorable toxicological profile in animals. More rapamycin derivatives with improved pharmacokinetics and reduced immunosuppressive effects have since then been developed for the treatment of cancer. These rapalogs include temsirolimus (CCI-779), everolimus (RAD001), and ridaforolimus (AP-23573) which are being evaluated in cancer clinical trials. Rapamycin analogs have similar therapeutic effects as rapamycin. However they have improved hydrophilicity and can be used for oral and intravenous administration. In 2012 National Cancer Institute listed more than 200 clinical trials testing the anticancer activity of rapalogs both as monotherapy or as a part of combination therapy for many cancer types. Rapalogs, which are the first generation mTOR inhibitors, have proven effective in a range of preclinical models. However, the success in clinical trials is limited to only a few rare cancers. Animal and clinical studies show that rapalogs are primarily cytostatic, and therefore effective as disease stabilizers rather than for regression. The response rate in solid tumors where rapalogs have been used as a single-agent therapy have been modest. Due to partial mTOR inhibition as mentioned before, rapalogs are not sufficient for achieving a broad and robust anticancer effect, at least when used as monotherapy. Another reason for the limited success is that there is a feedback loop between mTORC1 and AKT in certain tumor cells. It seems that mTORC1 inhibition by rapalogs fails to repress a negative feedback loop that results in phosphorylation and activation of AKT. These limitations have led to the development of the second generation of mTOR inhibitors. Rapamycin and rapalogs Rapamycin and rapalogs (rapamycin derivatives) are small molecule inhibitors, which have been evaluated as anticancer agents. The rapalogs have more favorable pharmacokinetic profile compared to rapamycin, the parent drug, despite the same binding sites for mTOR and FKBP12. Sirolimus The bacterial natural product rapamycin or sirolimus, a cytostatic agent, has been used in combination therapy with corticosteroids and cyclosporine in patients who received kidney transplantation to prevent organ rejection both in the US and Europe, due to its unsatisfying pharmacokinetic properties. In 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved sirolimus-eluting coronary stents, which are used in patients with narrowing of coronary arteries, or so-called atherosclerosis. Recently rapamycin has shown effective in the inhibition of growth of several human cancers and murine cell lines. Rapamycin is the main mTOR inhibitor, but deforolimus (AP23573), everolimus (RAD001), and temsirolimus (CCI-779), are the newly developed rapamycin analogs. Temsirolimus The rapamycin analog temsirolimus (CCI-779) is also a noncytotoxic agent which delays tumor proliferation. Temsirolimus is a prodrug of rapamycin. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Temsirolimus has higher water solubility than rapamycin and is therefore administered by intravenous injection. It was approved on May 30, 2007, by FDA for the treatment of advanced RCC. Temsirolimus has also been used in a Phase I clinical trial in conjunction with neratinib, a small-molecule irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study enrolled patients being treated for HER2-amplified breast cancer, HER2-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer, and other advanced solid tumors. While common toxicities included nausea, stomatitis, and anemia; responses were noted. Everolimus Everolimus is the second novel Rapamycin analog. Compared with the parent compound rapamycin, everolimus is more selective for the mTORC1 protein complex, with little impact on the mTORC2 complex. mTORC1 inhibition by everolimus has been shown to normalize tumor blood vessels, to increase tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and to improve adoptive cell transfer therapy. From March 30, 2009 to May 5, 2011 the U.S. FDA approved everolimus for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma after failure of treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) associated with tuberous sclerosis (TS), and progressive neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic origin (PNET). In July and August 2012, two new indications were approved, for advanced hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer in combination with exemestane, and pediatric and adult patients with SEGA. In 2009 and 2011, it was also approved throughout the European Union for advanced breast cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, advanced renal cell carcinoma, and SEGA in patients with tuberous sclerosis. Ridaforolimus Ridaforolimus (AP23573, MK-8669), or deforolimus, is another rapamycin analogue that is not a prodrug for sirolimus. Like temsirolimus it can be administered intravenously, and oral formulation is being estimated for treatment of sarcoma. Umirolimus Umirolimus is an immunosuppressant used in drug-eluting stents. Zotarolimus Zotarolimus is an immunosuppressant used in coronary drug-eluting stents. Second generation mTOR inhibitors The second generation of mTOR inhibitors is known as ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors. mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors such as torin-1, torin-2 and vistusertib, are designed to compete with ATP in the catalytic site of mTOR. They inhibit all of the kinase-dependent functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2 and block the feedback activation of PI3K/AKT signaling, unlike rapalogs, which only target mTORC1. Development of these drugs has reached clinical trials, although some, such as vistusertib, have been discontinued. Like rapalogs, they decrease protein translation, attenuate cell cycle progression, and inhibit angiogenesis in many cancer cell lines and also in human cancer. In fact, they have been proven to be more potent than rapalogs. Theoretically, the most important advantages of these mTOR inhibitors is the considerable decrease of AKT phosphorylation on mTORC2 blockade and in addition to a better inhibition on mTORC1. However, some drawbacks exist. Even though these compounds have been effective in rapamycin-insensitive cell lines, they have only shown limited success in KRAS driven tumors. This suggests that combinational therapy may be necessary for the treatment of these cancers. Another drawback is also their potential toxicity. These facts have raised concerns about the long term efficacy of these types of inhibitors. The close interaction of mTOR with the PI3K pathway has also led to the development of mTOR/PI3K dual inhibitors. Compared with drugs that inhibit either mTORC1 or PI3K, these drugs have the benefit of inhibiting mTORC1, mTORC2, and all the catalytic isoforms of PI3K. Targeting both kinases at the same time reduces the upregulation of PI3K, which is typically produced with an inhibition on mTORC1. The inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway has been shown to potently block proliferation by inducing G1 arrest in different tumor cell lines. Strong induction of apoptosis and autophagy has also been seen. Despite good promising results, there are preclinical evidence that some types of cancers may be insensitive to this dual inhibition. The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors are also likely to have increased toxicity. Mechanism of action The studies of rapamycin as immunosuppressive agent enabled us to understand its mechanism of action. It inhibits T-cell proliferation and proliferative responses induced by several cytokines, including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IGF, PDGF, and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). Rapamycin inhibitors and rapalogs can target tumor growth both directly and indirectly. Direct impact of them on cancer cells depend on the concentration of the drug and certain cellular characteristics. The indirect way, is based on interaction with processes required for tumor angiogenesis. Effects in cancer cells Rapamycin and rapalogs crosslink the immunophilin FK506 binding protein, tacrolimus or FKBP-12, through its methoxy group. The rapamycin-FKBP12 complex interferes with FRB domain of mTOR. Molecular interaction between FKBP12, mTOR, and rapamycin can last for about three days (72 hours). The inhibition of mTOR blocks the binding of the accessory protein raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) to mTOR, but that is necessary for downstream phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4EBP1. As a consequence, S6K1 dephosphorylates, which reduces protein synthesis and decreases cell mortality and size. Rapamycin induces dephosphorylation of 4EBP1 as well, resulting in an increase in p27 and a decrease in cyclin D1 expression. That leads to late blockage of G1/S cell cycle. Rapamycin has shown to induce cancer cell death by stimulating autophagy or apoptosis, but the molecular mechanism of apoptosis in cancer cells has not yet been fully resolved. One suggestion of the relation between mTOR inhibition and apoptosis might be through the downstream target S6K1, which can phosphorylate BAD, a pro-apoptotic molecule, on Ser136. That reaction breaks the binding of BAD to BCL-XL and BCL2, a mitochondrial death inhibitors, resulting in inactivation of BAD and decreased cell survival. Rapamycin has also shown to induce p53-independent apoptosis in certain types of cancer. Effects on tumor angiogenesis Tumor angiogenesis rely on interactions between endothelial vascular growth factors which can all activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR in endothelial cells, pericytes, or cancer cells. Example of these growth factors are angiopoietin 1 (ANG1), ANG 2, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), ephrin-B2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and members of the tumor growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily. One of the major stimuli of angiogenesis is hypoxia, resulting in activation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) and expression of ANG2, bFGF, PDGF, VEGF, and VEGFR. Inhibition of HIF1α translation by preventing PDGF/PDGFR and VEGF/VEGFR can result from mTOR inhibition. A G0-G1 cell-cycle blockage can be the consequence of inactivation of mTOR in hypoxia-activated pericytes and endothelial cells. There is some evidence that extended therapy with rapamycin may have effect on AKT and mTORC2 as well. Effects on chemotherapy Pharmacologic down-regulation of (mTOR) pathway during chemotherapy in a mouse model prevents activation of primordial follicles, preserves ovarian function, and maintains normal fertility using clinically available inhibitors INK and RAD. In that way, it helps to maintain fertility while undergoing chemotherapy treatments. These mTOR inhibitors, when administered as pretreatment or co-treatment with standard gonadotoxic chemotherapy, helps to maintain ovarian follicles in their primordial state. Effects on cognition mTOR promotes the protein synthesis required for synaptic plasticity. Studies in cell cultures and hippocampal slices indicate that mTOR inhibition reduces long-term potentiation. mTOR activation can protect against certain neurodegeneration associated with certain disease conditions. On the other hand, promotion of autophagy by mTOR inhibition may reduce cognitive decline associated with neurodegeneration. Moderate reduction of mTOR activity by 25-30% has been shown to improve brain function, suggesting that the relation between mTOR and cognition is optimized with intermediate doses (2.24 mg/kg/day in mice, human equivalent about 0.19 mg/kg/day), where very high or very low doses impair cognition. Reduction of the inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in mice by mTOR inhibition (with rapamycin in doses of 20 mg/kg/day, human equivalent about 1.6 mg/kg/day) has been shown to enhance learning and memory. Although IL-1β is required for memory, IL-1β normally increases with age, impairing cognitive function. Structure activity relationship The pipecolate region of rapamycin structure seems necessary for rapamycin-binding to FKBP12. This step is required for further binding of rapamycin to the mTOR kinase, which is the key enzyme in many biological actions of rapamycin. The high affinity of rapamycin binding to FKBP12 is explained by number of hydrogen bonds through two different hydrophobic binding pockets, and this has been revealed by X-ray crystal structure of the compound bound to the protein. The structural characteristics common to temsirolimus and sirolimus; the pipecolic acid, tricarbonyl region from C13-C15, and lactone functionalities play the key role in binding groups with the FKBP12. The most important hydrogen bonds are the lactone carbonyl oxygen at C-21 to the backbone NH of Ile56, amide carbonyl at C-15 to the phenolic group on the sidechain of Tyr82, and the hydroxyl proton at the hemiketal carbon, C-13, to the sidechain of Asp37. Structural changes to the rapamycin structure can affect binding to mTOR. This could include both direct and indirect binding as a part of binding to FKBP12. Interaction of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex with mTOR corresponds with conformational flexibility of the effector domain of rapamycin. This domain consists of molecular regions that make hydrophobic interactions with the FKB domain and triene region from C-1-C-6, methoxy group at C-7, and methyl groups at C-33, C-27 and C-25. All changes of the macrolide ring can have unpredictable effects on binding and therefore, make determination of SAR for rapalogs problematic. Rapamycin contains no functional groups that ionize in the pH range 1-10 and therefore, are rather insoluble in water. Despite its effectiveness in preclinic cancer models, its poor solubility in water, stability, and the long half-life elimination made its parenteral use difficult, but the development of soluble rapamycin analogs vanquished various barriers. Nonetheless, the rapamycin analogs that have been approved for human use are modified at C-43 hydroxyl group and show improvement in pharmacokinetic parameters as well as drug properties, for example, solubility. Rapamycin and temsirolimus have similar chemical structures and bind to FKBP12, though their mechanism of action differs. Temsirolimus is a dihydroxymethyl propionic acid ester of rapamycin, and its first derivative. Therefore, it is more water-soluble, and due to its water solubility it can be given by intravenous formulation. Everolimus has O-2 hydroxyethyl chain substitution and deforolimus has a phosphine oxide substitution at position C-43 in the lactone ring of rapamycin. Deforolimus (Ridaforolimus ) has C43 secondary alcohol moiety of the cyclohexyl group of Rapamycin that was substituted with phosphonate and phosphinate groups, preventing the high-affinity binding to mTOR and FKBP. Computational modelling studies helped the synthesise of the compound. Adverse events Treatment with mTOR inhibitors can be complicated by adverse events. The most frequently occurring adverse events are stomatitis, rash, anemia, fatigue, hyperglycemia/hypertriglyceridemia, decreased appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. Additionally, interstitial lung disease is an adverse event of particular importance. mTORi-induced ILD often is asymptomatic (with ground glass abnormalities on chest CT) or mild symptomatic (with a non-productive cough), but can be very severe as well. Even fatalities have been described. Careful diagnosis and treatment, therefore, is essential. Recently, a new diagnostic and therapeutic management approach has been proposed. Biomarkers Identification of predictive biomarkers of efficacy for tumor types that are sensitive to mTOR inhibitors remains a major issue. Possible predictive biomarkers for tumor response to mTOR inhibitors, as have been described in glioblastoma, breast and prostate cancer cells, may be the differential expression of mTOR pathway proteins, PTEN, AKT, and S6. Thus, this data is based on preclinical assays, based on in vitro cultured tumor cell lines, which suggest that the effects of mTOR inhibitors may be more pronounced in cancers displaying loss of PTEN functions or PIK3CA mutations. However, the use of PTEN, PIK3CA mutations, and AKT–phospho status for predicting rapalog sensitivity has not been fully validated in clinic. To date, attempts to identify biomarkers of rapalog response have been unsuccessful. Sensitivity Clinical and translational data suggest that sensitive tumor types, with adequate parameters and functional apoptosis pathways, might not need high doses of mTOR inhibitors to trigger apoptosis. In most cases, cancer cells might only be partially sensitive to mTOR inhibitors due to redundant signal transduction or lack of functional apoptosis signaling pathways. In situations like this, high doses of mTOR inhibitors might be required. In a recent study of patients with Renal cell carcinoma, resistance to Temsirolimus was associated with low levels of p-AKT and p-S6K1, that play the key role in mTOR activation. These data strongly suggests number of tumors with an activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway that does not respond to mTOR inhibitors. For future studies, it is recommended to exclude patients with low or negative p-AKT levels from trials with mTOR inhibitors. Current data is insufficient to predict sensitivity of tumors to rapamycin. However, the existing data allows us to characterize tumors that might not respond to rapalogs. ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors These second generation mTOR inhibitors bind to ATP-binding site in mTOR kinase domain required for the functions of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, and result in downregulation of mTOR signaling pathway. Due to PI3K and mTORC2 ability to regulate AKT phosphorylation, these two compounds play a key role in minimizing the feedback activation of AKT. mTOR/PI3K dual inhibitors Several, so-called mTOR/PI3K dual inhibitors (TPdIs), have been developed and are in early-stage preclinical trials and show promising results. Their development has been benefited from previous studies with PI3K-selective inhibitors. The activity of these small molecules from rapalog activity differs in the way by blocking both mTORC1-dependent phospholylation of S6K1 and mTORC2-dependent phosphorylation of AKT Ser473 residue. Dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors include dactolisib, voxtalisib, BGT226, SF1126, PKI-587 and many more. For example, Novartis has developed the compound NVPBE235 that was reported to inhibit tumor growth in various preclinical models. It enhances antitumor activity of some other drugs such as vincristine. Dactolisib seems to inhibit effectively both wild-type and mutant form of PI3KCA, which suggests its use towards wide types of tumors. Studies have shown superior antiproliferative activity to rapalogs and in vivo models have confirmed these potent antineoplastic effects of dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors. These inhibitors target isoforms of PI3K (p110α, β and γ) along with ATP-binding sites of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by blocking PI3K/AKT signaling, even in cancer types with mutations in this pathway. mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors (TORCdIs) New mTOR-specific inhibitors came forth from screening and drug discovery efforts. These compounds block activity of both mTOR complexes and are called mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors. Compounds with this characteristics such as sapanisertib (codenamed INK128), AZD8055, and AZD2014 have entered clinical trials. A series of these mTOR kinase inhibitors have been studied. Their structure is derived from morpholino pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold. Improvements of this type of inhibitors have been made by exchanging the morpholines with bridged morpholines in pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitors and results showed increased selectivity to mTOR by 26000 fold. Limitations of new generation mTOR inhibitors Although the new generation of mTOR inhibitors hold great promise for anticancer therapy and are rapidly moving into clinical trials, there are many important issues that determine their success in the clinic. First of all predictable biomarkers for benefit of these inhibitors are not available. It appears that genetic determinants predispose cancer cells to be sensitive or resistant to these compounds. Tumors that depend on PI3K/mTOR pathway should respond to these agents but it is unclear if compounds are effective in cancers with distinct genetic lesions. Inhibition of mTOR is a promising strategy for treatment of number of cancers. Limited clinical activity of selective mTORC1 agents have made them unlikely to have impact in cancer treatment. The development of competitive ATP-catalytic inhibitors have the ability to block both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Future The limitations of currently available rapalogs have led to new approaches to mTOR targeting. Studies suggest that mTOR inhibitors may have anticancer activity in many cancer types, such as RCC, neuroendocrine tumors, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcoma, and large B-cell lymphoma. One major limitation for the development of mTOR inhibition therapy is that biomarkers are not presently available to predict which patient will respond to them. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the response of cancer cells to mTOR inhibitors are still required so this can be possible. A way to overcome the resistance and improve efficacy of mTOR targeting agents may be with stratification of patients and selection of drug combination therapies. This may lead to a more effective and personalized cancer therapy. Although further research is needed, mTOR targeting still remains an attractive and promising therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. See also Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway Akt/PKB signaling pathway PI3K inhibitor References Further reading Signal transduction Tor signaling pathway Human proteins Antineoplastic drugs Oncology Cancer treatments mTOR inhibitors
《獵鯊行動》（）是香港無綫電視1987年拍攝的電視連續劇，全劇共18集，監製曾勵珍，主要演員有呂良偉、鄺美雲、林立三、商天娥、王書麒、蔡嘉利等。此劇于2012年在TVB經典台，2017年8月18日至2017年9月12日在TVB星河頻道“好戲珍藏館”時段重播。故事大綱見習督察袁揮做事不拘形式，對下屬等視為兄弟，姑息他們不跟常規辦事。高級女督察林希雅為袁揮之上司，剛從外國回港，做事講求規矩與紀律，因而與袁揮意見不合。沈子奇為希雅分居丈夫，時常藉故親近希雅，希望重拾舊情，令希雅心煩不已。袁揮義助希雅假扮她的情人打發子奇，及後二人竟弄假成真，互生情愫。袁揮之妹麗紅向警員馬若池示好但遭拒絕，麗紅失望之餘，常以袁揮之名出外生事，終弄至袁揮被革職。袁揮心灰意冷之際，在希雅的鼓勵下，從事旅行社生意。可惜遭前同居女友朱寶雯在事業上對他諸多作對，終把旅行社拖垮。袁揮走投無路，竟鋌而走險，打劫珠寶行，最後鎯鐺入獄…… 演員表呂良偉飾袁　揮劉　江飾葉釗黃　新飾石九公焦　雄鄧汝超許逸華虞天偉何健威陳玉麟商天娥飾朱寶雯容守怡胡美儀陳雪麗韋以茵鮑偉亮馬慧玲陳中堅王書麒飾馬若池鄺美雲飾林希雅戴志偉飾袁安蔡嘉利飾袁麗紅談泉慶飾袁康孫季卿飾袁伯蘇漢生黃志偉郭錦雄吳瑞庭李樹佳曾慧雲黃宗賜王淑芬黃一飛冼灝英麥子雲區　嶽何廣倫陳兆輝李　森曹　濟林立三飾沈子奇簡文達楊子韜邵美琪楊菁菁譚一清仙杜拉飾馬若池母王維德王美華馮　國張志強劉　丹飾華志傑何禮男曾楚霖凌禮文葉天行馬慶生梁少狄梁安莉梁淑兒謝　虹黃振文曾健明陳鳳冰基保羅庚美莉徐廣林鄭藩生方偉明劉永樂林忠榕范秋生李海生黃家駒陳淑貞何國強梁　心李泳豪羅麗娟 1987年無綫電視劇集
is a 2012 Japanese television drama series. Based on the novel Yumechigai by Riku Onda, this television series stars actress Keiko Kitagawa, singer Gackt, and also child actress Manatsu Kimura. A movie was announced for 2014. This television series was broadcast in Japan from October 13, 2012, to December 22, 2012, as part of Nippon Television's Saturday Dramas time slot, which airs every Saturday from 9 pm to 9:54 pm. In addition, it was simulcast on the streaming service Crunchyroll in the U.S., Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Plot Ayami is a beautiful and intelligent teacher who is popular with both her students and colleagues alike. However, she has a darker side- she does not genuinely feel for others nor does she believe in love or trust. One day, however, Yuiko, a girl whose dreams are able to predict terrible events of the future, transfers into Ayami's class after dreaming that Ayami is a saviour of the world. Ayami reluctantly gets dragged into helping Yuiko change the terrible fate of the people around them. Cast Keiko Kitagawa as Ayami Mutoi Child actress Hirasawa Kokoro plays the role of young Ayami. Manatsu Kimura as Yuiko Koto Yūka as Hirashima Kotoha Fumiyo Kohinata as Bannosuke Koto Gackt as Takashi Shiki/Yumeoji Masato Wada as Mineki Yamasato Teachers Mari Hamada as Satoko Kaibara Keisuke Okada as Yuichi Mugiyama Yosuke Kawamura as Katsuyuki Inamoto Kenji Anan as Shinya Nakagomi Midoriko Kimura as Tatsuko Amasawa Production My Little Nightmare was announced on August 17, 2012. It was announced that actress Keiko Kitagawa would star as the main lead of this drama series, making this her first role as a teacher. Child actress Manatsu Kimura was selected from a group of more than 500 hopefuls who auditioned for this drama series. Episodes Theme song The theme song for My Little Nightmare is by Momoiro Clover Z. This song is the title track for this idol group's 9th single, and it was released in Japan on 21 November 2012. This single was produced by Tomoyasu Hotei. References External links My Little Nightmare at Nippon TV 2012 Japanese television series debuts Nippon TV dramas Japanese drama television series 2012 Japanese television series endings Television shows based on Japanese novels Television shows about nightmares Japanese supernatural television series
睾丸精索静脉曲张手术多少钱？精索静脉曲张是一种血管病变,指精索内蔓状静脉丛的异常扩张、伸长和迂曲,可导致疼痛不适及进行性睾丸功能减退,是男性不育的常见原因之一。精索静脉曲张是部分人有症状,根据曲张的轻重程度、时间长短有所不同，表面看不到，做彩超才能发现。那么，睾丸精索静脉曲张手术多少钱呢?我们一起来详细的了解一下吧。索静脉曲张的费用包含几大块，主要是检查费用、住院费用以及手术的费用，如果患者是通过腹腔镜治疗，还涉及到手术的耗材费用。总体而言，在现代社会，全民医保的状态下，患者完成手术，一般只需要承担几千元的费用。一旦出现这方面的疾病，要积极治疗。精索静脉曲张是指精索的静脉回流受阻，或瓣膜功能不健全，血液返流引起血液瘀滞，导致蔓状静脉丛迂曲扩张。精索曲张直接影响精子的质量，费用一般在显微镜下手术在几千左右。损伤小，恢复快，效果好。男性在得了睾丸静脉曲张以后，很容易影响到精子的质量，从而造成男性无法生育。对于睾丸静脉曲张的治疗方法有很多，最为常见的就是使用药物治疗，光波治疗以及手术治疗。尤其是针对于严重的睾丸静脉曲张，大部分医生都会建议患者做手术。丸静脉曲张的手术价格和医院的收费是否正规有关。如果是正规医院做睾丸静脉曲张手术，那么能够严格按照卫生部规定的手术标准来执行，所以费用一般也不会太高，通常只需要四五千元左右。如果是非正规的医院睾丸静脉曲张手术，那么可能仅仅检查费就需要上千元，还需要手术费用以及术后护理费用，最少需要上万元以上。所以对于经济条件并不富裕的睾丸静脉曲张患者来说，尽量选择国家正规医院做手术。这样不但手术收费有保障，而且过程和效果也有保障。
在英國作家托爾金奇幻小說的中土大陸裡，古墓崗（Barrow-downs）或泰斯戈莎德（Tyrn Gorthad）是夏爾以東的一片山丘地帶，位於布理以西，山上有許多巨石墓碑，因此得名。地理歷史在第一紀元，古墓崗和以北的伊凡丁丘陵（Hills of Evendim）已有人聚居，到東方人入侵伊利雅德，他們逃到貝爾蘭，在後來的憤怒之戰裡，他們又逃回故地。在第二紀元，古墓崗是登丹人從努曼諾爾逃到中土大陸後的第一個聚居地，這地方也漸漸變得出名。伊蘭迪爾也逃到中土大陸，古墓崗亦納入亞爾諾王國的領土。亞爾諾王國分裂後，古墓崗遂成為卡多蘭的首府，魯道爾王國向安格馬王國屈服，卡多蘭的登丹人固守古墓崗。第三紀元1409年，卡多蘭滅亡，1636年又爆發大瘟疫，殺死了許多匿藏在古墓崗的登丹人。安格馬巫王派遣古墓屍妖到這裡。第三紀元約1850年，雅西頓國王亞拉瓦嘗試向卡多蘭舊地重新殖民，但亦因為古墓屍妖而失敗。在魔戒的作用在魔戒聖戰時期，安格馬巫王來到古墓崗喚醒屍妖。不久後，哈比人佛羅多、山姆、梅里及皮聘遭古墓屍妖困於山丘，那山丘上很可能有卡多蘭最後一位皇帝的墓碑，幸得湯姆·龐巴迪拯救，並從陪葬品中到寶劍，梅里那口寶劍竟為戒靈之首安格馬巫王帶來死亡。靈感托爾金傳記作家約翰·加斯認為古墓崗可能靈感來自於英國牛津的一處古遺跡。相關條目老林古墓屍妖參考外部連結沃裡克郡的古墓崗 BD
Calliostoma dentatum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. Distribution This species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana and Texas at depths between 12 m and 55 m. Description The maximum recorded shell length is 8.4 mm. Habitat Minimum recorded depth is 12 m. Maximum recorded depth is 55 m. References Quinn, J. F., Jr. 1992. New species of Calliostoma Swainson, 1840 (Gastropoda: Trochidae), and notes on some poorly known species from the Western Atlantic Ocean. Nautilus 106: 77-114 Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. External links dentatum Gastropods described in 1992
四维彩超什么时间做最好最佳？四维彩超目前为止最先进的超声检查手段之一，它大大提高医学影像学的准确率，使用的范围很高、费用的普遍比较高。它主要是通过高频率超声检查，作用于人体的组织器官，根据不同组织器官对声波的吸收情况以此来表现不同的呈现信号的，以此来区分相应的各个组织器官，以及区分相应的正常组织与病理学组织，并且对病灶的良、恶性有很好的鉴别作用的。四维彩超在妊娠24周左右的时侯检查为最佳检查时间。24周左右即不低于23周，不大于25周的时间，这个时候不论检查胎儿的外表、四肢，还是检查胎儿的内脏器官，包括给胎儿照像、刻录光盘，都是检查比较理想的阶段，因为这个阶段羊水比较多胎儿相对比较小，比较容易看到胎儿在宫内的整体观。细观胎儿面部、五官、四肢也比较理想，同时这个阶段胎儿内脏器官也已发育定型了。所以在妊娠24周左右的时候做四维彩超是最佳时间。四维彩超是女性怀孕中期做的一个彩超排畸检查，它和做普通彩超一样，使用彩超探头在女性腹壁部位滑动，四维彩超可以很清晰准确的观察胎儿在子宫内动态的变化，可以多角度的检查胎儿身体发育情况，可以排除胎儿唇腭裂、脊柱裂、脑积水、肾脏器官骨骼发育，以及神经血管等。检查前需要提前预约，一般要提前一周预约，检查时可以不用憋尿。做四维超声的前1天，孕妇不要过度的劳累，不要过度的兴奋，在情绪上不要有太大的波动。要饮食均衡，保证充足的休息和睡眠，做四维超声之前不要空腹，要适量的进食，要保持心情愉悦。四维超声是系统产前超声检查，由于胎儿体位的问题，有可能需要做数个小时，检查的时间相对长一些。所以，这期间孕妇可以适当的补充能量，比如吃些甜食，适当的增加一下运动量，这些都有利于胎儿体位的改变，方便给胎儿做更细致的检查。
亚明斯基农村居民点（）是俄罗斯联邦伏尔加格勒州阿列克谢耶夫斯卡亚区所属的一个农村居民点。其下辖有2个居民点，行政中心为亚明斯基。据2016年统计，该农村居民点的人口为1453人。参考文献伏尔加格勒州农村居民点
Serixia maxima is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1963. References Serixia Beetles described in 1963
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Estela Gavidia was in 1945 the first woman to graduate as a doctor in El Salvador She specialized in gynecology. At the time of her graduation she was married and thus known as Dr. Grabowski; she was eventually widowed. References Women physicians Salvadoran gynaecologists
Sleep on It may refer to: Sleep on It (TV series) "Sleep on It" (song) Sleep On It (band)
杜利县（）是位于美国佐治亚州中部的一个县，面积1,028平方公里，县治维也纳。根据2000年美国人口普查，共有人口11,749。杜利县成立于1821年5月15日，县名源自美国独立战争英雄约翰·杜利。 D
清瘟止痛十一味丸贮藏方法？密封,防潮.
陈美芬（），女，上海人，中华人民共和国外交官，曾任中华人民共和国驻马赛总领事兼驻摩纳哥总领事和中华人民共和国驻塞舌尔共和国特命全权大使。生平 1965年，毕业于上海外国语学院法语系。1976年，进入中华人民共和国外交部工作。2000年8月，出任中华人民共和国驻马赛总领事兼驻摩纳哥总领事。2002年9月，出任中华人民共和国驻塞舌尔大使。2005年12月，自驻塞舌尔大使离任。参考资料 Mei 上海人中华人民共和国驻塞舌尔大使中华人民共和国女大使中华人民共和国驻摩纳哥总领事中华人民共和国驻马赛总领事上海外国语学院校友
Remember Her Name is the debut studio album by American country artist Mickey Guyton. It was released on September 24, 2021, via Capitol Records Nashville. A follow-up release to her extended play, Bridges (2020), the album includes the singles "What Are You Gonna Tell Her?", "Black Like Me" and a re-recorded version of her 2015 single, "Better Than You Left Me". The project centers around her personal and professional setbacks over the course of several years. Lyrical themes highlight Guyton's insecurities, anxieties while on her musical journey. The project received generally a favorable response from critics as well. Background Mickey Guyton had been signed to Capitol Records Nashville in 2011. She later released several extended plays (EPs) until her 2015 debut single "Better Than You Left Me". Although reaching the top 40, the single did not create enough momentum to spawn a full-length album release. Guyton had also reached a personal and professional crossroads that prompted her to change her outlook on music. She started writing songs with a small group of people and wrote songs that felt more personal to her. "A lot of these songs were just kind of therapy for me. I never wrote these thinking that they were ever going to be heard," she told The New York Times. Remember Her Name was crafted from these writing sessions. She titled the album in tribute to Breonna Taylor, a black resident of Louisville, Kentucky who was shot and killed by local police enforcement. "The frustration that I've felt as an African-American has been a part of my process for a while. So the song, and album, are dedicated to [Breonna Taylor] and giving her the justice that she deserves," she told Country Music Television. Content Remember Her Name features production credits from Nathan Chapman, David Kalmusky, Karen Kosowski, Jimmy Robbins, Johnny Simmen, Andy Skib, Gavin Slate and Forest Whitehead. The disc's 16 tracks center around Guyton's "self-discovery" and "re-discovery" in the music world. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic described the track "All American" as a song that embraces "her heritage as well as inclusion". The fourth track "Love My Hair" came from Guyton's insecurities about her black hair. In a promotional statement from UMG Nashville, Guyton stated that the title track is "a song for anyone who has ever felt less than, forgotten or up against impossible obstacles." The eighth track, "Do You Really Wanna Know", is based on Guyton's experiences with going to therapy and taking control of an alcohol problem. In addition, the track "Words" was derived from a comment Guyton read online pertaining to her race. Carl Wilson of Slate magazine described "Indigo" as "another eponym to bear in mind, an alias that might encompass Guyton more fully." Other songs on the project are dedicated to Guyton's husband who provided an emotional support to her during difficult times. These tracks include "Higher", "Lay It on Me" and "Dancing in the Living Room". She also covers Beyonce's pop single "If I Were a Boy". Other track were originally included on Guyton's 2020 extended play, Bridges. This includes "Rosé", that Guyton described as a "low-key protest song for women" about how women should have their song about drinking. Also from Bridges is the song "What Are You Gonna Tell Her?", which The New York Times described as "a bracing ballad about the limitations society places on young women." A third song from the EP is "Black Like Me". The song was written in 2019 and was originally composed as a way to describe her experiences as a black woman in America. It has since received attention since its original release as a song in 2020. The album also include a re-recorded version of "Better Than You Left Me", Guyton's debut single, which was first released in 2015 and first included on her eponymous extended play. Critical reception Remember Her Name was met with generally favorable reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 79, based on 6 reviews. Rating it 3.5 out of 5 stars, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic wrote that "Guyton's specific experiences of being a Black woman in country music are a distinctly American experience, and those struggles inform the heartbreaking 'What Are You Gonna Tell Her' and rousing title track. A good portion of the record is devoted to lighter songs of love, dancing, and drinking -- the topics that are country music's bread and butter -- and they showcase Guyton's versatility as a singer". He concluded that "If the bombast and ballads flatten the production of Remember Her Name somewhat, it nevertheless feels genuine, not calculated. Guyton is broadening and expanding the genre-bending sounds of 1990s country-pop". Jon Caramanica of The New York Times called the album "an astute survey of ambitious country music by a singer-songwriter who’s been carefully watching from the sidelines, deciding what parts worked best for her, and what needed to be tinkered with." Slate highlighted how the album is essentially a "protest record": "On Remember Her Name, Mickey Guyton lays down a brief for her reformist side as eloquently as anyone in popular music ever has. Meanwhile, Pitchfork gave the album a 7.0 rating. Reviewer Claire Shaffer disliked the album's country pop production, which she characterized as "bland". Yet Shaffer praised Guyton's vocal delivery and truthfulness in her lyrics: "As country music continues to grapple with its racial reckoning, Guyton has had no qualms about calling her white peers' complacency to task, and it's a relief that her defiance has carried over into the music. At its best, Remember Her Name captures her steadfastness and grace in equal measure." Jonathan Bernstein of Rolling Stone gave the collection a four-star rating in his review and found the album reflective: "She conjures pride, pain, wisdom, and joy when she delivers six words that she wishes the Mickey Guyton of 2015 could hear: 'I'm better than I should be.' And she's right on." Release, chart performance and singles Guyton announced the release of Remember Her Name in July 2021 in a statement from her record label. Guyton made the album's release public following her appearance at the 2021 CMT Music Awards, where she performed alongside Gladys Knight. The album was released on September 24, 2021, on Capitol Records Nashville. With its release, it became Guyton's first full-length studio album issued in her career. It was offered as a compact disc, a music download and to streaming sites. It reached a peak of 47 on the Billboard Top Country Albums, becoming her first album to reach the list in her career. It was also her fourth release to make the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, peaking at number seven. Prior to the album's release, Capitol had issued "What Are You Gonna Tell Her?" as a single on March 6, 2020 and "Black Like Me" as a single on June 2, 2020. The latter recording spent four weeks on the Billboard adult contemporary chart and reached number 27. In addition several promotional singles were also released prior to the album: the title track, "If I Were a Boy", "All-American", and "Love My Hair". At the 64th Annual Grammy Awards, it was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Country Album, while the title track received nominations for Best Country Solo Performance and Best Country Song. Track listing Personnel All credits are adapted from the liner notes of Remember Her Name. Musical personnel Robert Bailey – background vocalist Victoria Banks – background vocalist Nathan Chapman – acoustic guitar, background vocalist, banjo, drums, Hammond B3, mandolin, piano, steel guitar Abbey Cone – background vocalist Chad Cromwell – drums, percussion Eleonore Denig – strings Kris Donegan – electric guitar David Dorn – piano, strings Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar Eddy Dunlap – pedal steel guitar Kim Fleming – background vocalist Mickey Guyton – lead vocalist Vicki Hampton – background vocalist Evan Hutchings – drums, percussion Kevin Kadish – electric guitar David Kalmusky – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, strings, synthesizer, Wurlitzer electric piano Karen Kosowski – acoustic guitar, background vocalist, electric guitar, keyboards, organ, piano, synthesizer Emma-Lee – background vocalist Jason Massey – strings Larissa Maestro – cello Devin Malone – acoustic guitar, electric guitar Jaden Michaels – background vocalist Amy Peters – keyboards Jimmy Robbins – acoustic guitar, keyboards, mandolin Jerry Roe – drums, percussion Marc Rogers – acoustic bass guitar, bass guitar, electric guitar, synth bass guitar Ryan Rossebo – guitar Justin Schipper – pedal steel guitar Johnny Simmen – background vocalist, drums, guitar, keyboards Andy Skib – background vocalist, electric guitar Gavin Slate – background vocalist, guitar Aaron Sterling – drums, percussion Akil Thompson – Hammond B3 Derek Wells – acoustic guitar, banjo, electric guitar, guitar, mandolin Forest Whitehead – acoustic guitar, banjo, bass guitar, electric guitar, keyboards, piano Technical personnel Ethan Barrette – engineer Liam Bischoff – assistant recording engineer Tyler Burns – assistant recording engineer Jason Campbell – production coordinator Chad Carlso – engineer Nathan Chapman – drum programmer, engineer, producer Serban Ghenea – mixer Mike "Frog" Griffith – programmer Blake Hubbard – programmer Jarrod Ingram – programmer Scott Johnson – production coordinator David Kamulsky – engineer, mixer, producer, programmer Karen Kosowski – engineer, editor, mixer, producer, programmer, synthesizer programmer Owen Lewis – editor Allison McAnally – production coordinator Carly McKillip – engineer, editor Michael Meechling – assistant recording engineer, assistant mixer Andrew Mendelson – mastering engineer Amy Peters – engineer, editor, programmer Jimmy Robbins – engineer, producer, programmer Jerry Roe – engineer Justin Schipper – engineer Alberto Sewald – engineer, editor F. Reid Shippen – engineer, mixer Johnny Simmen – engineer, producer, programmer Andy Skib – producer, programmer Gavin Slate – engineer, mixer, producer, programmer Yihan Wei – engineer Derek Wells – engineer Forest Whitehead – drum programmer, engineer, producer Charts Release history References 2021 debut albums Capitol Records Nashville albums Mickey Guyton albums Universal Music Group albums
附睾肿胀影响生育？附睾囊肿会影响生育吗，附睾囊肿对生育是否有明显的影响，要根据精液质量检查来定。如果不放心请到专业医院做专门的检查。附睾囊肿会影响生育吗，这种情况会不会影响生育是不确定的，也就是说情况不重的多数是没有什么影响的，如果慢性附睾炎时间长或情况重的有可能影响精子质量的，你可以进行一下精液检查即可。附睾囊肿会影响性生活和生育。属于附睾囊肿的问题，存在上述疾病的话，也不一定影响生育的，你应该明白，其实你可以选择精液化验检查清楚看看是否正常。附睾囊肿会影响生育吗，上述情况的话，存在附睾囊肿，如果影响了精液质量的话，那么可以选择手术治疗，切除囊肿就好了，效果还是不错的，不过不育的原因很多，你应该双方共同检查清楚才好。附睾囊肿会影响生育吗急性期应卧床休息，应用阴囊托可减轻症状，自制较大的带棉花垫的阴囊托使用起来会更舒适。疼痛重者可用止痛药。1、首先这种疾病对于生育是不一定有影响的，主要是根据患者的病情来进行判断，因为如果患者是属于小的附睾囊肿的话，那么一般来说对自身的身体是不会有影响的，而大的附睾囊肿就不一样了；2、其次精液囊肿可以导致性功能障碍，而这种情况是导致男性不育的，患者在出现了这种疾病的时候如果囊肿的情况过于严重的话，在性行为的时候会有严重的疼痛，那么就会有阳痿的症状出现；3、最后精液囊肿已经会让患者的心理出现焦虑的情况，而很多的患者也因为自身的心理因素出现了阳痿，但是这种情况大部分的时候都是可以得到治疗的，囊肿体积过大并压迫睾丸的血液供应时，睾丸会出现萎缩。
35天新生儿腹泻怎么办？新生儿腹泻是一组由多种病原体、多因素引起的大便次数增多和大便性状改变为特点的儿科常见病。轻症腹泻每日10次以下，食欲差；重症腹泻10次以上，伴频繁呕吐、精神萎靡、嗜睡、四肢厥冷等。那么35天新生儿腹泻怎么办？我们一起来详细的了解一下吧。新生儿腹泻可以给宝宝补充的液体及电解质，要注意每天消毒，保持宝宝的卫生，要及时更换宝宝的尿布，预防宝宝红屁股，同时也要做好腹部的保暖，防止宝宝受凉，也可以给宝宝喝水，用毛巾裹敷，当然也可以用藿香正气软胶囊，剪开，挤入肚脐，要注意在宝宝睡觉时要给宝宝盖好被子，避免宝宝受凉，也要保证宝宝充足的睡眠。新生儿腹泻，有生理性腹泻和病理性的腹泻。生理性的腹泻，孩子大便次数较多，但是大便性状没有明显的异常，孩子的精神、吃奶、小便情况，均没有明显异常，而且孩子的体重增长满意，没有其他不舒适的表现，这种是生理性的腹泻，不需要特殊的处理。比较轻的新生儿腹泻，没有发热，没有小便量减少和脱水的表现，如果孩子大便次数多，大便特别稀，伴有发热或者呕吐等其他异常情况，建议检查大便常规。如果有感染的情况，进行抗感染和补液治疗。如果没有感染的情况，进行积极的补液治疗。新生儿脾胃功能不良，稍有喂养不当着凉，容易出现腹泻的情况。如果是母乳喂养的宝宝，大便没有感染方面的情况，精神活泼，食欲良好，体重正常增长，考虑生理性腹泻无需治疗。如果是乳糖不耐受型宝宝腹泻，可以添加一些去乳糖的奶粉症状会好转。如果是吃奶粉的宝宝出现腹泻的情况，应该注意奶粉的量和次数，并且做好奶具的消毒处理。
日光性皮炎的症状表现？日光性皮炎是生活中很常见的一种皮肤疾病，引发日光性皮炎的主要原因还是跟患者过敏性的肤质有很大的关系，另外紫外线照射给皮肤带来成带来的伤害以及外界的环境刺激等都是引发日光性皮炎的主要原因。得了日光性皮炎的患者一定要及时去正规的医院检查，确诊以后在医生的指导下使用药物调理治疗，否则病情加重的话，还有可能引发其他的并发症。1、得了日光性皮炎的患者一般都会出现身体皮肤瘙痒，起皮疹，红斑，或者是皮肤有弥漫性红肿，长水疱以及身体乏力，头痛，心悸等方面的症状，可以去医院做皮肤试验检查或者是皮疹检查来确诊，然后用药调理，很快就能治愈。2、在治疗日光性皮炎方面，患者主要还是依靠清热解毒，祛湿止痒的药物来调理治疗，比如日晒防治膏，醋酸氟轻松乳膏，凉血消风散，皮炎平软膏，炉甘石洗剂，无极膏，湿毒清软膏，他克莫司软膏，维a酸乳膏等药物的治疗效果都特别的明显。3、另外，得了日光性皮炎的患者也可以同时配合服用皮肤病血毒丸，息斯敏，赛庚啶，马来酸氯苯那敏片，磷酸氯喹片，唐草片等药物来辅助治疗，效果会更好，治疗期间也应该做好皮肤的防晒工作，这有利于日光性皮炎的恢复。日光性皮炎的护理方法：1、皮肤护理日光性皮炎患者在平时要多多注意皮肤的护理，可以采取以下方法：局部治疗日光性皮炎较轻时可外擦参肤霜，涂在患处，能有效缓解症状，有水疱时，可用针头将水疱刺破后用消毒棉球将疱液擦净，再用无菌纱布包扎。2、调节心态调节心态是对日光性皮炎有一定的疗效，这主要是因为神经刺激使脑下垂体无法正常运作，促使肾上腺激素增加，刺激黑色素细胞制造更多的黑色素，影响康复。防止长时间曝晒。春游时，可用宽边防护帽或伞遮挡。日光性皮炎俗称晒伤，所以说平时生活中一定要注意做好皮肤的防晒工作，另外也要加强锻炼身体，增强体质，提高身体的免疫力，保持清淡的饮食习惯，多喝水，多吃新鲜的水果蔬菜。
江边街道，是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。行政区划江边街道下辖以下地区：。参考资料
MTV Live is an American television program that aired from 1997 to 1998 on MTV, featuring interviews with celebrity guests, live musical performances, news coverage, and music video premieres. 1997 series The program began its run in September 1997 in the then-newly acquired Times Square Studio on Broadway in New York. Toby Amies, Carson Daly and Ananda Lewis served as resident hosts to the daily hour-long live broadcast until its eventual merger with Total Request on September 14, 1998, forming what is now known as Total Request Live. In a similar vein to its successor, the series featured celebrity interviews, music video premieres, musical performances, and reports from MTV News. Through a partnership with Intel, viewers were able to call into the show via voice or video calls using their own computers or kiosks established at locations such as the Mall of America. 2007 series A separate program with the same title began airing on MTV in February 2007. This version of MTV Live featured live performances filmed at the Hard Rock Cafe in Times Square. Through a partnership with Verizon Wireless, subscribers were able to submit text comments from their cellphones to appear in a crawl on the screen, as well as have their cellphone concert footage edited into the program. References External links 1997 American television series debuts 1998 American television series endings MTV original programming American non-fiction television series American live television series
怎样判断是宫颈出血还是宫腔出血？宫腔出血是指由于卵巢功能失调而引起的子宫出血状况，这样一种疾病被我们分为无排卵型功血和有排卵性功血两种，无排卵型功血一般是指排卵功能出现障碍，经常发生于青少年时期以及更年期；有排卵型功血和黄体功能失调有关，主要是发生在育龄期的妇女中。正常情况下宫腔是不会有出血的情况，如果出血很多时候是患了某种疾病而造成的，不同原因引起的宫腔出血在治疗的时候，采用的药物跟方法是不一样的，并且在治疗期间一定要注意合理的饮食，尤其是应该吃一些可以补气血的食物，对患者的身体恢复有很大的好处。所以子宫出血的这样一种疾病不可忽视，那么子宫出血常有哪些症状呢?首先就是月经持续时间长，一般是指月经的周期比较规律，但是在月经到来之前，就会出现少量的出血，然后延续时间多达10日之久。第二，就是月经过频，另一方面主要就是指月经的周期变短，在其他方面比较正常。第三，就是指经量过多，这主要体现在月经的周期等都十分规律，但是每次的出血量都过多。第四，就是子宫出血没有规律，月经经常会提前或者延后，没有任何规律可言。第五，也就是最重要的就是月经中期出血，在月经过后十天，又出现少量的出血状况，癫痫会持续两天左右，这常被我们称为排卵期出血。功能性子宫出血主要表现在月经过频，并且出血量比较多，也许时间久的状况。并且患者通常会表现出贫血或者无力、头晕乏力等状况。大家在进行治疗前，应当先去医院进行一些相关的检查工作。这些检查主要是在于确定异常子宫出血的病因，病理及临床分型，来进行确诊并排除没有其他病变所致。同时应当进行一些辅助检查，来了解卵巢的功能状况。根据这些检查来确定是否是全身性因素，还是子宫或子宫内膜的因素等。
杯水主义（）是苏维埃1920年代早期流行的一种关于爱情、婚姻和家庭的激进主义观点，认为爱情不存在，将男女之间的关系简化为一种本能的性需求，这种需求必须在没有任何“条件”的情况下得到满足，就像喝水解渴一样。杯水主义一般被追溯到苏联女性革命家亚历山德拉·柯伦泰。演进解放妇女（摆脱任何依赖、取消任何限制、权利平等）的思想在19世纪中叶开始发展。马克思和恩格斯曾预言社会主义将摧毁资产阶级家庭。根据克拉拉·蔡特金的回忆录，列宁对杯水主义持否定态度。阿纳托利·卢那察尔斯基也为此撰文表示反对。苏联精神病学家阿隆·扎尔金德（）于1924年出版《革命无产阶级的十二条性戒律》，反对杯水主义，主张为生育而从事性活动，不承认性偏離的合理性。1920年代中后期，杯水主义逐渐淡出苏联的公共领域，受到批判。1930年代苏联官方提倡的妇女形象与杯水主义已经大相径庭。参见性解放性解放女性主义参考资料苏联的性社会主义女性主义爱情哲学人類性史
魚泉寺位於四川省綿陽市遊仙區，文物遺址年代判定為清。2002年12月27日公佈為四川省第六批省級文物保護單位。2013年3月5日列為第七批全國重點文物保護單位。註釋
对失眠病人的护理措施？当今社会生活节奏加快，大多数人会失眠，偶尔失眠对我们的健康影响不大，但长期反复失眠会对我们的身心健康构成威胁。失眠是指无法入睡或者是无法保持睡眠状态，而导致的睡眠不足，是一种常见病，失眠往往会给患者带来极大的痛苦和心理负担，又会因为滥用失眠药物，而损伤身体的其他方面，失眠的伤害主要是精神上的，长期失眠会使身体疲劳，精神萎靡不振，失眠情绪低落，脾气暴躁，有攻击性行为，记忆力减退，注意力不集中，精神疲劳，长期失眠会诱发抑郁，焦虑，还有躁狂等情感性精神障碍，慢慢会出现头痛不舒服，头晕，听力下降，精力下降下面就为大家介绍一下失眠患者的护理措施有哪些：首先患者要做的就是保持乐观、知足常乐的良好心态。对社会竞争、个人得失等有充分的认识，避免因挫折致心理失衡。建立有规律的一日生活制度，保持人的正常睡醒节律。其次是创造有利于入睡的条件反射机制。如睡前半小时洗热水澡、泡脚、喝杯牛奶等，白天适度的体育锻炼，有助于晚上的入睡。而养成良好的睡眠卫生习惯，如保持卧室清洁、安静、远离噪音、避开光线刺激，避免睡觉前喝茶、饮酒等，也是很重要的。然后平时也要做好自我调节、自我暗示。可玩一些放松的活动，也可反复计数等，有时稍一放松，反而能加快入睡。我们可以限制白天睡眠时间，除老年白天可适当午睡或打盹片刻外，应避免午睡或打盹，否则会减少晚上的睡意及睡眠时间。另外，对于部分较重的患者，应在医生指导下，短期、适量地配用安眠药或小剂量抗焦虑、抑郁剂。这样可能会取得更快、更好的治疗效果。综上所述，以上是对失眠患者护理措施的详细说明。在日常生活中，我们应该时刻注意自己的睡眠状况。如果我们发现问题，必须及时到医院检查治疗。我们不能盲目相信其他小广告，这会导致更严重的疾病。
Mama (Мама, sometimes translated Mother or Mom) is a Russian album by Vitas. It was released in October 3rd, 2003. Songs from this album featured heavily in the setlist of Vitas' extensive world tour Songs of My Mother (Песни моей мамы), premiered at the State Central Concert Hall "Rossiya" in November 1st and 2nd, 2003, and performed at hundreds of venues in several countries from 2004 to 2006. The opening track, The Star (Звезда) won a Russian People's HIT prize in 2003 and is one of Vitas' most popular songs worldwide. Like Opera No. 2 (Опера №2), it is still a staple of Vitas' live performances. Vitas sang the song as a duet with Alexander Kireev for his entry into the Star Factory in 2006. He performed the song Starry River (Звёздная река) accompanied by its composer Aleksandra Pakhmutova on piano at a concert in honour of the composer. He covered the song The Unknown Friend Song (Песня о неизвестном друге, also known as Extraterrestrial Friend) composed in 1985 by Aleksandra Pakhmutova and Rasul Gamzatov (the poem is translated by Yunna Morits) for the song cycle The Earth Globe (Шар земной, 1985–1987). The song is about an unknown friend that realizes that there is an unknown circle of "invisible and unknown" friends and enemies, as well as "lovable planets" (as per the lyrics), in addition to interstellar and general awareness, brotherhood to the next and an existence of an extraplanetary cycle. (The song addresses the topic of science fiction: brotherhood for humanity in the 3rd millennium and beyond.) It is also subsequently re-edited on Vitas' 2006 CD Return Home. There's also the music score of the song (available on the composer's website) to download. In concert, Vitas often donned an alien robot costume while performing this song. Track listing Personnel Credits adapted from the original CD's liner notes. Sergey Pudovkin – executive producer Mikhail Dobrotvorskiy – management Dmitriy Dobrotvorskiy – direction Eduard Izmestyev – production, arrangement Mikhail Grishin – engineering Ilya Grebenyuk – keyboards Aleksandr Gruzdev – guitar, saxophone Rashit Kiyamov – bass guitar Rushan Kharryasov – drums, percussion Oboz Design Studio – sleeve design References External links Official site Vitas on Facebook Vitas' producer on Facebook Amazon reviews English translations of lyrics 2003 albums Vitas albums
Kaluwal Mittha () are two small villages in Renala Khurd, Okara District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located from Renala Khurd , away from district headquarters Okara. Near cities Renala Khurd Okara City Dipalpur Villages nearby Mittha Bhatti Bama Bala Chuchak Kamman Bazida K plot Thatti Kalasan Islampur Chak 4GD Chak 3GD Lahori Wala Chak 2GD Lasian Wala Thatta Bhattian Sakhi Abdaal Kaluwal Cricket Team Kaluwal Cricket King XI Team of Young Boys to Play Cricket With Other Village Cricket Team Kaluwal Masjid Jamia Masjid Faizan e Madina Kaluwal External links Official Website YouTube Channel Facebook Page Villages in Pakistan
帕莱索区（）是法国法蘭西島大區埃松省所辖的一个区。总面积484平方公里，总人口627240，人口密度1296人/平方公里（2018年）。主要城镇为帕莱索。辖区帕莱索区辖有68个市镇。埃松省的区
James Patrick Brodrick SJ (26 July 1891 in Kingsland, Athenry – 26 August 1973) was an Irish Jesuit and writer. Brodrick was educated in Dublin and Stonyhurst. He joined the Jesuits in February 1910 at Manresa, London, and was ordained in 1923. Most of his working life was spent at Farm Street in London. He graduated MA from the University of London and was a contributor to periodicals such as The Tablet and The Month. Brodrick published several books. Most of his career as a writer was almost exclusively dedicated to writing Jesuit History. His primary interest was the early history of the Society of Jesus. The first work to come from his pen was his two-volume biography of the Jesuit Cardinal Robert Bellarmine. In 1935 there followed his biography of St. Peter Canisius. Both works were considered major achievements and his success resides in that his work is not one of adulation and hero worship. Bibliography The life and work of Robert Cardinal Bellarmine, i, ii, Burns, Oates & Washbourne, 1928. St. Peter Canisius:a study of the Catholic reformation, Sheed & Ward, 1935. The progress of the Jesuits, 1556-79, Longmans Green, 1946 St. Francis Xavier, Burns, Oates & Washbourne, 1956 St. Ignatius of Loyola. The Pilgrim Years 1491-1538, Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1956 Robert Bellarmine, Saint and Scholar, Burns & Oates, 1961 References Galway Authors, Helen Mahar, 1976. 1891 births 1973 deaths People educated at Stonyhurst College Alumni of the University of London 20th-century Irish Jesuits Irish writers People from Athenry
宫颈粘连轻度的的症状？宫腔粘连是一种常见的妇科疾病，是一种子宫类疾病。宫腔粘连指的是由于子宫内膜粘连使宫腔部分或全部闭锁，或子宫颈内口闭锁，并由此引发的月经异常、不孕、习惯性流产等一系列并发症。宫腔粘连患者中不孕症患者约占40%。宫腔粘连依粘连部位的范围可分为完全性、部分性和边缘性宫腔粘连。月经少还可伴有痛经，疼痛为阵发性，如子宫收缩样，甚为严重。这提示宫腔内可能有粘连而阻挡了经血外流，常常发生在人工流产或刮宫后，称为“宫腔粘连症”。下面我们就来看一下它的症状:1、小腹疼痛：如果患者病情不断的恶化，就会出现腹痛的现象，有的甚至长夜难眠，给女性的生活和工作带来很大的影响。一般在人工流产或刮宫术后一个月左右，出现突发性下腹痉挛性疼痛，有些患者腹痛剧烈，坐卧不安，行动困难，甚至连排气、排便都很痛苦。2、妊娠异常：患者容易发生妊娠失败，包括妊娠早期和中期流产、早产、异位妊娠、过期流产、胎死宫内等。不孕是该疾病最主要的症状，该疾病往往会导致女性的输卵管堵塞，从而导致受精卵无法正常着床，最终导致不孕，即便是怀孕了，也会发生反复性流产和早产的现象。3、月经异常：宫颈完全粘连者，可出现闭经，宫颈部分粘连或内膜部分破坏者，则表现为月经过少，但月经周期正常。如果是由宫颈炎或者别的炎症引起，就会导致患者出现闭经，有的患者出现月经不调，经期延长，月经血发黑等等不正常的现象。4、按压下腹部疼痛：女性朋友如果患有宫腔粘连的话，还会出现腹部剧痛的症状。轻度宫颈粘连可以采用宫腔镜疗法，可以判断粘连的程度、粘连的类型。对于膜性粘连、纤维肌性粘连可在宫腔镜下分离或用手术剪除；而对于结缔组织样致密粘连则需在B超监护下行电切分离术，术后放置宫内节育器防再粘连，并给予雌孕激素续贯用药，促使内膜生长。使患者恢复月经来潮，有的患者可以再次怀孕。
Antonio Busca may refer to: Antonio Busca (painter) (1625–1686), Italian painter Antonio Busca (lieutenant) (1767–1834), Italian nobleman, descendant of the above
崇端王朱翊𨰜，是莊王朱載境嫡第一子，明朝第五代崇王。朱翊𨰜於嘉靖三十七年（1558年）襲封崇王。他在位五十二年，在萬曆三十八年（1610年）過世，諡號端，長子世子朱常及次子世子朱常都早卒，所以兩年後由其次子之子朱由樻嗣位。参考资料《明史》明朝宗室明朝崇藩國王
Oklahoma! is a 1955 American musical film based on the 1943 musical of the same name by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, which in turn was based on the 1931 play Green Grow The Lilacs written by Lynn Riggs. It stars Gordon MacRae, Shirley Jones (in her film debut), Rod Steiger, Charlotte Greenwood, Gloria Grahame, Gene Nelson, James Whitmore, and Eddie Albert. The production was the only musical directed by Fred Zinnemann. Oklahoma! was the first feature film photographed in the Todd-AO 70 mm widescreen process (and was simultaneously filmed in CinemaScope 35mm). Set in Oklahoma Territory, it tells the story of farm girl Laurey Williams (Jones) and her courtship by two rival suitors, cowboy Curly McLain (MacRae) and the sinister and frightening farmhand Jud Fry (Steiger). A secondary romance concerns Laurey's friend, Ado Annie (Grahame), and cowboy Will Parker (Nelson), who also has an unwilling rival. A background theme is the territory's aspiration for statehood, and the local conflict between cattlemen and farmers. The film received a rave review from The New York Times, and was voted a "New York Times Critics Pick". It won Academy Awards in the categories of musical scoring and sound recording. In 2007, Oklahoma! was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Plot Good-natured cowboy Curly McLain admires the beautiful morning while riding his horse to the farm of Laurey Williams, his secret love, and her aunt, Aunt Eller. At the farm he invites Laurey to a box social being held that night to raise money for a new schoolhouse. Frustrated that he waited so long to ask her, Laurey refuses his invitation. Curly tempts her by describing the surrey he plans to drive her in, then tells her he made the story up to get back at her for refusing him. Laurey gets her own revenge by agreeing to go with their menacing field hand, Jud Fry. Cowboy Will Parker arrives by train from a trip to Kansas City and seeks out his sweetheart, Ado Annie, who, in Will’s absence, has become smitten with itinerant peddler Ali Hakim. Will tells Annie that he has earned the $50 her father, a farmer who does not like cowboys, told him he had to earn before he would allow him to marry Annie, but he spent it all on presents for her. Annie tries to resist Will, but eventually gives in, leaving her torn between Will and Ali. The townspeople gather at Aunt Eller’s farm to refresh themselves before the box social. Gertie, a flirtatious woman with a loud, annoying laugh, flirts with Curly and upsets Laurey, despite her promises to not let his games bother her, and Curly flirts back to make Laurey jealous. Curly asks Laurey again if she will go to the social with him, but Laurey, fearful of Jud, refuses again. Curly angrily confronts Jud in the smokehouse, leading to each man firing their gun. Curly stalks off and Jud again threatens Laurey if she changes her mind. Uncertain what to do, Laurey uses a bottle of smelling salts she bought earlier from Ali, hoping to find her answer in a dream. She dreams that she marries Curly, but Jud eventually kills him. As Jud drives Laurey to the box social, he tells her he is in love with her and tries to kiss her. She whips the horses, causing them to bolt. Once Jud gets them under control, Laurey leaves Jud behind and drives to the social alone. At the social, despite the host's encouraging everyone to get along, Ado Annie’s father belittles the cowboys, causing a fight to break out which Aunt Eller breaks up. Will makes his $50 back by selling his presents to Ali Hakim, who pays Will more than each gift is worth to get Annie back together with Will. When the auction of ladies’ picnic hampers begins, Ali Hakim deliberately outbids Will to get Annie to forget her feelings for him and so Will can keep the $50 he needs to marry Annie. Curly and Jud get into a bidding war over Laurey’s hamper. Curly sells his saddle, horse, and gun to raise enough money to beat Jud’s highest bid and win. Laurey fires Jud after he confronts her and Jud sneers that she will never be rid of him. When Laurey tells Curly what happened, he offers to stay the night at their farm for protection, then goes further and proposes marriage, which Laurey accepts. Meanwhile, Will tells Ado Annie she must stop flirting with other men, despite not being willing to stop flirting with other women. Ali Hakim tells Annie she is better off marrying Will and then resumes his travels. Weeks later, Curly and Laurey are married. After the ceremony, Jud appears and tries to kill Curly, but Curly kills Jud in self-defense. The townspeople hold an impromptu trial in Aunt Eller’s kitchen where Curly is found not guilty. He and Laurey leave for their honeymoon, admiring the beautiful morning. Cast Gordon MacRae as Curly McLain James Mitchell as Dream Curly (dancer) Shirley Jones as Laurey Williams Bambi Linn as Dream Laurey (dancer) Gene Nelson as Will Parker Gloria Grahame as Ado Annie Carnes Charlotte Greenwood as Aunt Eller Rod Steiger as Jud Fry Eddie Albert as Ali Hakim James Whitmore as Andrew Carnes Barbara Lawrence as Gertie Cummings Jay C. Flippen as Skidmore Roy Barcroft as Marshal Production Interest in a film version of Oklahoma! dates as far back as 1943, when the musical first opened on Broadway. United Artists, Columbia Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and MGM were among the many Hollywood studios interested in the project. Ultimately, the film rights were bought by the Magna Theatre Corporation, a company founded by George Skouras, Joseph Schenck, and Michael Todd for a record $1,000,000 in 1953 (equivalent to approximately $ in ). Magna was initially founded in order to develop a new widescreen process Todd created, called "Todd-AO", and ended up financing the film independently after a deal with Fox fell through. Including the cost of developing the new process, Magna invested $11 million in the film. Although the film was initially to have been shot on location in the title state, the producers opted to shoot elsewhere, apparently because the oil wells would be a distraction for exterior scenes. Location shooting was done mostly in Nogales, Arizona. The corn field in the opening number as well as the reprise song "Surrey with the Fringe on Top" were shot at the historic Canoa Ranch in Green Valley, Arizona. The train station used in the "Kansas City" routine was located in Elgin, Arizona. Sound stage and backlot sequences were filmed at MGM Studios in Culver City, California. Oklahoma! was the first production photographed in Todd-AO. The original specification for Todd-AO involved running at 30 frames per second which made it impossible to produce 35mm (which ran at 24 fps) reduction prints from the Todd-AO negative. Therefore, it was simultaneously shot in the more established CinemaScope 35 mm format to allow presentation in theaters lacking 70 mm equipment. Hence, there are actually two different versions of the film comprising different takes. Director Zinnemann mentioned that shooting the film in both formats was a "precautionary measure", as the (converted ca. 1930s Fearless Superfilm 65mm) Todd-AO camera was still being tested during production. The many actors who tried out for the role of Curly included James Dean and Paul Newman. According to TCM, Dean "made a sensational [screen] test with Rod Steiger in the 'Poor Jud Is Dead' number", but as his voice wasn't strong enough, Gordon MacRae was cast in the main role. Steiger remarked that Dean "hadn't quite got his technique together. At the time of his death, he was working too much on instinct. He'd be brilliant in one scene and then blow the next". He observed that Dean was a "nice kid absorbed by his own ego, so much so that it was destroying him", which he thinks led to his death. Dean reportedly gave him his prized copy of Ernest Hemingway’s book Death in the Afternoon, and had underlined every occurrence of the word "death". Joanne Woodward was offered the role of Laurey, which went to Shirley Jones (who had previously performed in a stage production of Oklahoma!). Eli Wallach and Ernest Borgnine were considered for the role of Jud before Rod Steiger was cast. Robert Russell Bennett expanded his Broadway orchestrations, Jay Blackton conducted, and Agnes de Mille again choreographed. Costume designer Orry-Kelly was hired to oversee the costumes for the film with Ann Roth as his assistant. From stage to screen Rodgers and Hammerstein personally oversaw the film to prevent the studio from making changes of the kind that were then typical of stage-to-film musical adaptations—such as putting in new songs by different composers. They also maintained artistic control over the film versions of several of their other stage musicals. The film Oklahoma! followed the original stage version extremely closely, more so than any other Rodgers and Hammerstein stage-to-film adaptation. However, it did divide the very long (more than 45 minutes) first scene into several shorter scenes, changing the locations of several of the songs in the process. Rather than beginning offstage, "Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'" was now sung as Curly (Gordon MacRae) rode his horse from the now-seen cornfield "as high as a [sic] elephant's eye" to Aunt Eller's farm. "Kansas City" was sung and danced at the local train station where Aunt Eller (Charlotte Greenwood) and other cowboys meet Will Parker (Gene Nelson), who has just returned from that city. Also, a few lyrics in the song, about a burlesque stripteaser, had to undergo minor changes to pass film censorship. In the original Broadway musical, the character of Will Parker sings: I could swear that she was padded from her shoulder to her heel. But later in the second act when she began to peel, She proved that everything she had was absolutely real! For the film, these were changed to: But then she started dancing and her dancing made me feel That every single thing she had was absolutely real! "I Can't Say No" was sung by Ado Annie (Gloria Grahame) at a lakeside where Laurey has been swimming. "Many a New Day" was sung and danced in Laurey's (Shirley Jones) bedroom, as the women, stopping over at the farmhouse on their way to the Skidmore ranch, change their clothes for the upcoming box social that evening. In a nod to Green Grow the Lilacs, which was the basis of Oklahoma!, Jud attempts to get revenge on Curly and Laurey by burning a haystack they stand on after the wedding, rather than simply attacking Curly with a knife, as in the stage version of the musical. As Curly and Laurey stand atop the burning haystack, Jud pulls a knife and taunts Curly. The couple jumps down, with Curly landing on Jud and inadvertently causing him to fall on his own knife. The film omitted very little from the stage production, cutting only two songs (Ali Hakim's "It's a Scandal, It's a Outrage" Jud's "Lonely Room" and one verse from "Oh What a Beautiful Mornin"), and thus ran two-and-a-half hours, much longer than most other screen musicals of the time. It was the first of the huge roadshow musical films that would eventually overrun Hollywood in the 1960s. Release Magna held invitational screenings of Oklahoma! over three days at the Rivoli Theatre in New York City starting on October 11, 1955. The official public premiere was on October 13. The film was shown on a two-a-day reserved seat policy with three shows at the weekends and holidays and grossed $573,493 in its first 12 weeks in New York. The film opened on the same roadshow basis at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles on November 18 and then at the McVicker's Theater in Chicago on December 26. In its initial theatrical release, the Magna Theatre Corporation handled distribution of the roadshow presentations in 70 mm Todd-AO. In 29 American and 2 Canadian cities it grossed $8,970,087 from 4,672,184 patrons. RKO Radio Pictures distributed the general release version (in 35 mm anamorphic CinemaScope), which was released after its roadshow run ended. Later, when RKO was experiencing financial turmoil, 20th Century Fox assumed distribution of the general release edition. Outside the United States, the film was a box office disappointment. All rights to the film are owned by the estates of Rodgers and Hammerstein. In 1982, the US/Canadian distribution rights to this film were acquired by The Samuel Goldwyn Company and re-issued both the 70 mm and 35 mm versions theatrically. The original 70mm version was restored and screened for the first time since its initial engagements. In April 2014, a restored version of the Todd-AO version was screened at the Fifth Annual TCM Classic Film Festival in Hollywood. The eight-month restoration was developed in conjunction with 20th Century Fox and the studio's film preservationist Schawn Belston. First telecast The Cinemascope version of the film was first telecast as a Thanksgiving Day special by CBS, on the evening of November 26, 1970. Unlike some later telecasts of the film, this one was presented complete and uncut, except for the Overture, Entr'acte, and Exit Music. As with its 1960s telecasts of The Wizard of Oz, CBS felt that the film needed a host to introduce it, so they brought in Sebastian Cabot, Anissa Jones, Johnny Whitaker, and Kathy Garver, all from the long-running CBS sitcom Family Affair, to serve as hosts. The four of them, rather than appearing as themselves, spoke their lines in character, as if they were still playing their roles from the series. Because the film was shown on a Thursday evening, it occupied the same time slot in which Family Affair was shown in 1970, which explains the selection of the four actors from the show to host the film. It earned a Nielsen rating of 27.9 and an audience share of 47%. DVD For unexplained reasons the original UK DVD release is a pan and scan version from a noticeably grainy CinemaScope print, even though the companion DVD of South Pacific was taken from a pristine Todd-AO master and presented in widescreen. The 50th Anniversary US DVD release of Oklahoma! by partial rights holder 20th Century Fox is a double-disc release that includes both the CinemaScope and original 70 mm Todd-AO versions in widescreen. The Todd-AO version has an Overture, intermission with Entr'acte, and Exit Music. The CinemaScope version is without intermission or any traditional roadshow features. Shirley Jones does audio commentary on the Todd-AO presentation. In March 2006 this version was also released in the UK as part of a set of remastered Rodgers & Hammerstein DVDs. Blu-ray In 2014, 20th Century Fox released in the US a special 4-disc Blu-ray and DVD combo set, with both Todd-AO and CinemaScope 35 versions. The Todd-AO version was superior in definition to the Cinemascope version in this release. Streaming In 2021, it was announced that the film will stream on Disney+ beginning April 30, 2021, following the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company. The Todd-AO version was used on the app. In 2022, it was announced that the film will stream on the Criterion Channel starting January 2023. Awards and nominations Musical numbers "Overture" – Orchestra (played before the film actually begins) "Main Title" – Orchestra (played over the opening credits) "Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'" – Curly "Laurey's Entrance" ("Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'") – Laurey "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top" – Curly "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top" (Reprise) – Curly "Kansas City" – Will, Aunt Eller, Male Ensemble "I Cain't Say No" – Ado Annie "I Cain't Say No" (Reprise) – Will and Ado Annie "Entrance of Ensemble" ("Oh What a Beautiful Mornin'") – Curly, Gertie, and Ensemble "Many a New Day" – Laurey and Female Ensemble "People Will Say We're in Love" – Curly and Laurey "Pore Jud Is Daid" – Curly and Jud "Out of My Dreams" – Laurey and Female Ensemble "Dream Ballet" – Ensemble "Entr'acte" – Orchestra "The Farmer and the Cowman" – Carnes, Aunt Eller, Ike Skidmore, Ensemble "All Er Nuthin'" – Will and Ado Annie "People Will Say We're in Love" (Reprise) – Curly and Laurey "Oklahoma" – Curly and Ensemble "Finale Ultimo" ("Oh What a Beautiful Mornin'") – Ensemble "Exit Music" ("Oklahoma" (Instrumental Reprise)) – Orchestra "Exit Music #2" ("People Will Say We're in Love" (Instrumental Reprise)) – Orchestra Trivia about actors and Todd-AO process Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones would star together again in the 1956 film adaptation of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel. Marc Platt, who danced the role of Dream Curly in the original 1943 Broadway stage production of Oklahoma!, also appeared in the 1955 film version in a dancing and speaking role as a cowboy friend of Curly's. He is the cowboy friend who buys Curly's saddle for $10 at the auction—and who also comments that, the previous year, Ado Annie's sweet potato pie gave him a "three-day bellyache" (Platt is credited in the cast list of the film as a dancer). Besides Platt, dancer Bambi Linn, who portrays the role of "Dream Laurey" in the film, had also been a member of the original Broadway cast, in a role alternately called Aggie, "Pigtails", or simply The Child. She was sixteen years old. Magna Corporation, creators and licensors of the Todd-AO widescreen process, offered Rodgers and Hammerstein a substantial stake in the company to secure their cooperation. This explains why a later Rodgers and Hammerstein film, South Pacific (1958) was also photographed in Todd-AO. The Sound of Music (1965) was photographed in Todd-AO as well; however, before the film went before the cameras, 20th Century Fox, the studio that produced The Sound of Music, purchased the Todd-AO process from Mike Todd. Southern Pacific 1673 was painted up and outfitted with turn of the century colors and equipment for the "Kansas City" number. The locomotive was retired in 1955 and given as a gift to the city of Tucson, Arizona where it can be seen on display at the historic depot. See also List of American films of 1955 Oklahoma! (soundtrack) Green Grow the Lilacs (1931 play) References Sources External links Oklahoma! essay by Phil Hall on the National Film Registry website Oklahoma! essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010 , pages 504-505 1955 films 1955 musical films American musical films Oklahoma! Films directed by Fred Zinnemann Films set in Oklahoma Films shot in Arizona Films shot in Los Angeles County, California Films shot in Oklahoma United States National Film Registry films Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award Films based on musicals Films scored by Adolph Deutsch Films with screenplays by William Ludwig Films with screenplays by Sonya Levien Films based on adaptations CinemaScope films 1950s English-language films 1950s American films English-language musical films
秦文昭王乞伏熾磐（），十六国时期西秦国君主，乞伏-{乾}-歸長子。熾磐個性勇略過人，400年，西秦第一次亡國後，被送往南涼為人質。後秦弘始四年（402年）熾磐自南涼奔後秦與-{乾}-歸會合。熾磐於後秦期間，召集軍隊據地自立。弘始十一年（409年）-{乾}-歸逃回西秦舊地，再稱秦王，西秦復國，熾磐又被立為太子。西秦更始四年（412年）-{乾}-歸為侄乞伏公府所弒，熾磐擒殺公府，繼位，稱河南王，改元永康。永康三年（414年）滅南涼，復稱秦王，其後主要與北涼爭戰。建弘九年（428年）病死，諡文昭王，廟號太祖。其子乞伏暮末继位。家庭妻秃发王后妾秃发左夫人乞伏暮末之母（429年前后在世）子乞伏暮末乞伏元基乞伏軻殊羅乞伏成龍女平昌公主，乞伏暮末妹，沮渠兴国妻源贺妻延伸阅读西秦君主十六國郡公鮮卑人
West Dover, is a coastal fishing community located in the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia on the Chebucto Peninsula. West Dover is situated between Peggy's Cove and East Dover on Highway 333. History The early years West Dover was created in the 1770s with the Troope and Scott land grants. Major settlement began in the 1800s when a permanent fishing village was established. The founding family names were: Morash, Zinck, Scott, Publicover, Cleveland, Berringer, Umlah, Taylor, Troop, Young names arriving in late 1800s include Allen and Richardson among other prominent names that arrived during the mid to late 1800s. These names are still common in the area today. The families were mostly of European descent. Cod, Mackerel, Pollack, Herring, Haddock, Halibut, Lobster, and Tuna were plentiful in the early years. The fish was salted and dried to preserve them as there was no refrigeration. The fish was sold in Halifax and made its way up and down the East Coast. During this time West Dover predominantly had schooners an average of 40 feet in length fishing out of the harbour, as well as smaller fishing boats, and punts that people had to manually row close to shore. 1920s–1930s Prohibition in the United States created opportunity in West Dover from 1920 - 1933 for rum running. Rum running was something that supplemented fishing income and was risky but highly profitable. The fishermen would set out with a load of alcohol on moonless nights and navigate in the darkness to the coast of Maine. The alcohol was stored in wooden barrels loaded with salt. If the fishermen noticed law enforcement vessels they would dump the barrels overboard. The salt in the barrels would slowly dissolve. A few hours later, after the law enforcement officials had left, the barrels would float back up to the surface and be brought back on board. 1940s–1950s This period saw a lot of change occur in West Dover. A new paved highway was built that made Halifax more accessible. The improved roads brought more traffic to the area and saw the first tourists visit the area. Electricity and phone service was added that improved life in the village and reduced the use of oil lamps for lighting. The first TV sets arrived in West Dover in the mid-1950s. In the 1950s the first government wharf was built at the entrance to Dover Harbour also called Dover Soi. Also in the 1950s the first Post Office was opened by Duggan's General Store and later operated by Judson and Minnie Smeltzer. 1960s–1970s In 1961 the Peggy's Cove Preservation Area was created by expropriating the land surrounding Peggy's Cove, West Dover, and Indian Harbour. The Government wharf was rebuilt in the 1970s on the site of the first wharf. 1980s–1990s The Collapse of the Northern Cod Fishery in 1992 led to the closure of West Dover's only fish plant and was a major loss of income for the village. Many people left fishing and started working in the construction industry. After the decline of the Cod stocks, the lobster fishing industry has taken over as one of the most important fishing activities in West Dover. Present day West Dover remains, to this day, one of the few villages in the area that carries on a fishing tradition. West Dover has dozens of small wharfs and fish stages used by the fishers along the shoreline and a large government wharf at the harbour entrance. In 2008, West Dover connected to high-speed internet through Eastlink Communications. An influx of new residents and development has occurred in West Dover over the last decade. Geography Topography West Dover was reshaped by glaciers during the last ice age approximately 10,000 years ago. The landscape has large areas of exposed granite and an average of less than 10 inches of soil. The park area around West Dover is known as "The Barrens" and has countless lakes, bogs, and granite hills. Glacial erratics are scattered across the hillsides. Culture Leisure and entertainment West Dover is a popular tourist location in the summer and has inns, cottages, and B&Bs. Rock climbers visit West Dover for its granite hills and glacially exposed boulders. During the summer tourism season sailboats and yachts take shelter in West Dover's protected harbour. The government wharf is the usual place for visiting boats to moor. Film and television Movies like the Shipping News, and The Weight of Water, and music videos like The Trew's Hope & Ruin have filmed in West Dover due to its seaside location, and barren rustic scenery. References External links Explore HRM Photo Fisheries and Oceans Canada General Service Areas in Nova Scotia Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
普拉代尔-莱布尔盖（，；）是法国上加龙省的一个旧市镇，属于图卢兹区。2018年，普拉代尔-莱布尔盖与市镇拉塞尔合并为新市镇拉塞尔-普拉代尔。地理（）面积，位于法国奧克西塔尼大區上加龙省，该省份为法国西南部内陆省份，西南端与西班牙接壤，自此顺时针与上比利牛斯省、热尔省、塔恩-加龙省、塔恩省、奥德省和阿列日省接壤。与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。行政的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。政治所属的省级选区为。人口于时的人口数量为人。参见上加龙省市镇列表参考文献 P
慢性肺炎症状怎么治疗？慢性肺炎一般是认为肺炎病病程超过了3个月。慢性肺炎的肺泡出现了发炎症状。一些急性肺炎会因为治疗没有彻底而反反复复导致慢性肺炎。如果慢性肺炎疾病处于静止期，则一般体温多属正常，几乎不会导致咳嗽，仅仅是在跑步或者是上下楼梯的时候有气喘的现象。如果慢性肺炎疾病进入了恶化期，则这不但会咳嗽，并且还会呼吸困难。慢性肺炎由于其反复发作，所以说对于肺部组织的伤害是非常大的，有可能会引起肺部的组织坏死，对于我们的身体来说都是非常有害的，所以我们要积极预防这种疾病的发生，保护好我们的身体。治疗慢性肺炎的话，并没有什么特别好的方法，因为这种病是长期以来形成的，所以说治疗起来一定会比较麻烦，现在我们采用的方法主要是药物来治疗，但是对我们身体来说是一种负担会造成许多的毒性作用。可以采取一些中医的方法来治疗，因为中医的方法治对于我们来说是很有好处的，不仅可以保障我们身体的元气，还可以治疗好疾病，所以说这种方法对于我们来说是比较有利的。也可以配合很好的按摩或者是一些电磁疗法进行治疗。慢性肺炎的症状是属于周期反复性的，不过慢性肺炎在做剧烈运动的时候，非常容易出现呼吸困难气喘这样的情况，如果病情恶化的话，肺功能就会逐渐的衰退。从而会引起呼吸功能障碍。甚至比较严重的话会出现面部浮肿。慢性肺炎很多情况下是在恶化期还会出现一些肺功能不全的问题，甚至也会有一些呼吸困难，甚至发绀的问题，出现这种严重的病症的时候，就需要就医急救了，严重的也会出现胸廓变形的情况，甚至也会出现一些杵状指的情况。患有慢性肺炎在平时一定要注意加强营养，尤其是要及时补充一些能量，平时一定要加强身体锻炼，经常做一些户外锻炼，有助于增大肺活量，提升肺器官的功能氧化，饮食上也是需要及时补充一些营养的物质。
肯尼思·古尔德（，），美国男子拳击运动员。他曾代表美国参加1988年夏季奥林匹克运动会拳击比赛，获得一枚铜牌。他也曾参加1987年泛美运动会。参考资料沉量级拳击运动员美国男子拳击运动员美国奥运拳击运动员 1988年夏季奥林匹克运动会拳击运动员 1988年夏季奧林匹克運動會獎牌得主奧林匹克運動會拳擊獎牌得主美國奧林匹克運動會銅牌得主 1987年泛美运动会拳击运动员 1987年泛美运动会奖牌得主泛美运动会拳击奖牌得主美国泛美运动会银牌得主
印度鬚角鮟鱇為輻鰭魚綱鮟鱇目棘茄魚亞目鬚角鮟鱇科的其中一種，發現於太平洋的澳洲及夏威夷群島海域，屬深海魚類，棲息深度可達1900公尺，屬肉食性，雄魚寄生在雌魚身上。其种加词“indica”意为“印度的”。参考文献 Y Y
Moonan may refer to: Moonan Brook, a mostly perennial stream of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia Moonan Flat, a village in the Upper Hunter Shire local government area, Upper Upper Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia John Moonan Fitzgerald (1923–2008), American politician and jurist
痔疮发作吃什么食物比较好?？往往很多人得了痔疮,都不会去怎么注意自己的饮食,吃什么食物对痔疮好,哪些食物不能食用?大多都是抱着不理不睬的态度去对待痔疮,这种态度是不对的。痔疮严重时会导致大便出血,肛垫脱出,疼痛不堪,等这些都会影响患者的身体健康及心情,让患者坐也不是,站也不是,睡觉还要爬着睡。下面我们来分享下痔疮发作吃什么食物比较好？宜吃富含纤维素的食物：富含纤维的食物很多，如麦麸、米糠、鲜豆荚、嫩玉米、花生、菠菜、蒜苗、马铃薯、南瓜、胡萝卜、地瓜、海带等，宜经常食用。尤其是老年人容易便秘，更宜多吃。预防痔疮的食物还有赤小豆、槐花、黑芝麻、肉苁蓉、猪羊大肠、鳖肉、胡桃肉、竹笋、蜂蜜等。如赤小豆与当归合煎，有治痔出血、脱出的功能；肉苁蓉可用于老人，具有补肾壮阳、润肠通便的功效；猪羊大肠具有止血、止痛、消肿的良好作用。患者多食上述食物，可起到预防痔复发，缓解症状的作用。因为便秘是诱发痔疮的病因之一，从预防的角度讲，应防止大便秘结，保持大便通畅，所以饮食方面应多食青绿蔬菜、新鲜水果，如芹菜、菠菜、韭菜、黄花菜、茭白以及苹果、桃、杏、瓜类等含有丰富纤维素的食品，可以增加胃肠蠕动，润肠通便，排出肠道的有害物质和致癌物质。对痔疮有预防作用的食物还有赤小豆、槐花、黑芝麻、肉苁蓉、猪大肠、羊大肠、鳖肉、胡桃肉、竹笋、蜂蜜等。用药治疗痔疮最好是口服药和外用药一起用，内外调理这样能达到标本兼治彻底治疗痔疮目的。综上所述，临床常使用外治法治疗痔疮，包括药物清洗等，其实只要温开水常洗按摩，促进局部的血液循环也可以治愈此病。患者在日常生活中可以多锻炼身体，尤其是早上的时候，应该多出去呼吸新鲜空气才有利于保持身体健康。
Quidhampton may refer to two places in England: Quidhampton, Hampshire Quidhampton, Wiltshire
Miquel de Castillon (or Castilho) was a troubadour of Narbonne. A man of high standing in the city, he was called a probus homo (good man) in 1270 when consulted by the city consuls. He was probably the Michael de Castilione who was of the knightly class, belonging to family of vassals of the Viscounts of Narbonne. According to a hypothesis of Joseph Anglade, he may have been the same person as the Miquel de Gaucelm de Beziers who had ties to the troubadours of Béziers and was probably a royal vicar at that city or at the court of Narbonne. Miquel, Codolet, and Guiraut Riquier composed a torneyamen (a three-way partimen). Miquel also appears as the judge of another partimen, called Falco, dona avinen, in a poetic contest. Codolet (or Codolen) is probably to be identified with the Raymundus de Codoleto who is called a civis Narbone or citizen of Narbonne. He was from Codolet, near Pont-Saint-Esprit. References Jeanroy, Alfred (1934). La poésie lyrique des troubadours. Toulouse: Privat. A·n Miquel de Castilho, the partimen with Codolet and Guiraut 13th-century French troubadours Year of birth missing Year of death missing People from Narbonne
Aubrey is a given name and surname of French origin. Aubrey may also refer to: Places United States Aubrey, Alaska Aubrey, Arkansas Aubrey, Texas Aubrey, Wisconsin Aubrey Cliffs, at Aubrey and Prospect Valleys, south of west Grand Canyon, Arizona Aubrey Peak (Hualapai Mountains), Hualapai Mountains, Arizona Aubrey Peak (Rawhide Mountains), Aubrey Peak Wilderness, Arizona Aubrey Valley, Mohave County, Arizona Fort Aubrey, Hamilton County, Kansas Canada Aubrey Island, Nunavut Popular culture "Aubrey" (The X-Files), a second-season episode of The X-Files Aubrey (song), a song by Bread from the album Guitar Man Aubrey (TV series), a 1980 British cartoon series Aubrey, a character from the video game Omori. Entertainers Aubrey Ayala, a vocal artist from Philadelphia Aubrey Plaza, American actress, comedian, and producer See also Aubry (disambiguation)
Lý Tài (, Wade–Giles: Li Tsai, ?–1777) was a general during the Tây Sơn Rebellion. Lý was a Chinese merchant. After the Tay Son rebellion broke out, he organized an army named Hòa Nghĩa Quân (和義軍, "Harmony Army") to join in the rebellion. All members of this army was from Qing China in Chinese costume. The Trịnh lords, who ruled the northern half of the country, sent a large army to attack in 1775, which forced Nguyen king Nguyễn Phúc Thuần to flee to Quảng Nam. Nguyễn Phúc Dương, who was the crown prince of Nguyen, was captured by Lý Tài, and taken to Hội An. Dương was used by Tay Son rebels to gain popularity among Southern Vietnameses. The Tay Son army was defeated by Trinh lord in Cẩm Sa (a place in mordern Hòa Vang District, Quảng Nam). Meanwhile, Nguyễn Phúc Thuần entrenched himself in the south and tried to regain the lost territory. Nguyễn Nhạc had to be reconciled with Trinh, and directed their fire at Nguyen lord, forcing Thuần to flee to Long Xuyên. Nguyễn Phúc Dương escaped and fled to Gia Dinh (mordern-day Ho Chi Minh City) in 1776, Lý Tài betrayed Tay Son army in the same time. He installed Dương as the new Nguyen lord, and was granted a title named Bảo giá đại tướng quân (, the great general who escorts the king) by Dương. Lý Tài came into conflict with another important general Đỗ Thanh Nhơn, forced him to flee to Vĩnh Long (in mordern-day Bến Tre). Nhơn set up a defensive position there. In midspring of 1777, the Tây Sơn defeated the Nguyễn and captured Gia Dinh. Lý Tài fled, and was captured and killed by Đỗ Thanh Nhơn. 1777 deaths Tây Sơn dynasty generals Mandarins of the Nguyễn lords Chinese diaspora in Vietnam
Mzwandile Wanky Stick (born 5 October 1984 in Port Elizabeth) is a South African former rugby union footballer, and currently (since 2016) the backline coach for the South African national rugby union team. Playing career He captained the South Africa sevens team during the 2008–09 IRB Sevens World Series, which saw the team win the series title for the first time. His favoured position was full-back. He came off the bench for a Southern Kings XV against British & Irish Lions during the 2009 tour to South Africa. He was named in the wider training squad for the 2013 Super Rugby season, but was subsequently released to the Vodacom Cup squad. Coaching He was named the Under-21 Assistant Coach in 2013. He became the head coach of the team and their Vodacom Cup team for 2014 and 2015, guiding the Under-19s to their first ever Under-19 Provincial Championship title in 2015. In December 2015, he was appointed as the backline coach of the team for the 2016 Super Rugby season, and joined the South Africa national rugby union team in the same capacity in April 2016. References External links Eastern Province Kings on Suparugby.co.za 1984 births Living people Rugby union players from Port Elizabeth South African rugby union coaches South African rugby union players Eastern Province Elephants players South Africa international rugby sevens players Rugby sevens players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games rugby sevens players for South Africa

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