id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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570970f4ed30961900e84149 | What is a potential health benefit from drinking alcohol? | vasodilation | [
"Grape\n\nComparing diets among Western countries, researchers have discovered that although the French tend to eat higher levels of animal fat, the incidence of heart disease remains low in France. This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly con... |
5709720ded30961900e84162 | What juice is made when grapes are crushed and blended? | Grape juice | [
"Grape\n\nGrape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In ... |
5709720ded30961900e84163 | What kind of grapes are made into vinegar? | fermented | [
"Grape\n\nGrape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In ... |
5709720ded30961900e84164 | What is the most common grape used to make juice in North America? | Concord grapes | [
"Grape\n\nGrape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In ... |
5709720ded30961900e84165 | What are Sultana grapes known as in California? | Thompson Seedless | [
"Grape\n\nGrape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In ... |
5709720ded30961900e84166 | What types of grapes are commonly used to make white grape juice? | Niagara grapes | [
"Grape\n\nGrape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In ... |
57097981ed30961900e841b8 | What type of wine is fermented with grape skin? | red wine | [
"Grape\n\nRed wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Ordinary no... |
57097981ed30961900e841b9 | What type of wine is fermented after the grapes skin has been removed? | white wine | [
"Grape\n\nRed wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Ordinary no... |
57097981ed30961900e841ba | What substance is absorbed by wine when grapes are fermented with their skins? | resveratrol | [
"Grape\n\nRed wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Ordinary no... |
57097981ed30961900e841bb | What type of wine is believed to have more health benefits? | Red wine | [
"Grape\n\nRed wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Ordinary no... |
57097b59ed30961900e841e8 | What are grapes that are eaten raw classified as? | table grapes | [
"Grape\n\nCommercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant d... |
57097b59ed30961900e841e9 | What are grapes that are used to make wine classified as? | wine grapes | [
"Grape\n\nCommercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant d... |
57097b59ed30961900e841ea | What specie are table grapes and wine grapes? | Vitis vinifera | [
"Grape\n\nCommercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant d... |
57097b59ed30961900e841eb | What Classification of grapes are typically large and seedless? | Table grape | [
"Grape\n\nCommercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant d... |
57097b59ed30961900e841ec | What percentage of a wine grape is sugar when it is harvested? | approximately 24% | [
"Grape\n\nCommercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant d... |
57097d78200fba140036807d | When are grapes first mentioned in the Bible? | Genesis 9:20–21 | [
"Grape\n\nIn the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish fea... |
57097d78200fba140036807e | Who was the Greek and Roman god of agriculture? | Dionysus | [
"Grape\n\nIn the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish fea... |
57097d78200fba140036807f | Whose blood do grapes usually represent in Christian art? | Christ | [
"Grape\n\nIn the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish fea... |
57097d78200fba1400368080 | Which book of the Bible talks about the use of wine during Jewish feasts? | Deuteronomy | [
"Grape\n\nIn the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish fea... |
57097d78200fba1400368081 | Who in the Bible first grew grapes on their farm? | Noah | [
"Grape\n\nIn the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish fea... |
570983a2200fba14003680f3 | How many seedless grape sources are there for commercial cultivators? | three | [
"Grape\n\nThere are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such... |
570983a2200fba14003680f4 | How many varieties of seedless grapes are there? | more than a dozen | [
"Grape\n\nThere are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such... |
570983a2200fba14003680f5 | What species of grape are grown by Thompson Seedless? | Vitis vinifera | [
"Grape\n\nThere are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such... |
570983a2200fba14003680f6 | What type of climate are Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes specifically cultivated for? | cold | [
"Grape\n\nThere are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such... |
570983a2200fba14003680f7 | What species of grape are grown by Black Monukka? | Vitis vinifera | [
"Grape\n\nThere are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such... |
570985f3200fba1400368139 | What are the most abundant polyphenolics in purple grapes? | Anthocyanins | [
"Grape\n\nAnthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple gr... |
570985f3200fba140036813a | What is the main phenolic in white grapes? | flavan-3-ols | [
"Grape\n\nAnthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple gr... |
570985f3200fba140036813b | What is the laboratory index of antioxidant strength in grapes known as? | Total phenolic content | [
"Grape\n\nAnthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple gr... |
570985f3200fba140036813c | What content of a grapes skin can be affected by soil composition, climate, and cultivation practices? | Phenolic content | [
"Grape\n\nAnthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple gr... |
570985f3200fba140036813d | Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes? | anthocyanins | [
"Grape\n\nAnthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple gr... |
57098884ed30961900e842b8 | What church uses wine to celebrate the Eucharist? | The Catholic Church | [
"Grape\n\nThe Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as tra... |
57098884ed30961900e842b9 | When was Jesus Christ known to have used wine in celebration? | the Last Supper | [
"Grape\n\nThe Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as tra... |
57098884ed30961900e842ba | Where in the Code of Canon Law does it say that wine must be natural and not corrupt? | Canon 924 | [
"Grape\n\nThe Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as tra... |
57098884ed30961900e842bb | What may a priest use in place of wine for consecration for health reasons? | grape juice | [
"Grape\n\nThe Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as tra... |
57098884ed30961900e842bc | What is the Catholic dogma known as that believes that consecrated bread and wine from the Last Supper literally became the body and blood of Jesus Christ? | transubstantiation | [
"Grape\n\nThe Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as tra... |
57096f48ed30961900e84116 | What must an operator deviate from to harm the computer? | secure procedures | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical ... |
57096f48ed30961900e84117 | What is computer security also known as? | cybersecurity or IT security | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical ... |
57096f48ed30961900e84118 | What is the protection of information systems? | Computer security | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical ... |
57096f48ed30961900e84119 | What are the ways an operator can malpractice? | intentional, accidental, or due to them being tricked | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical ... |
57096f48ed30961900e8411a | What is the practice that includes controlling physical access to hardware? | Computer security | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical ... |
57097050200fba1400367fef | What are attacks designed to make a machine or network unavailable to its intended users? | Denial of service attacks | [
"Computer_security\n\nDenial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may ove... |
57097050200fba1400367ff0 | What does deliberately entering the wrong password enough consecutive times cause? | the victim account to be locked | [
"Computer_security\n\nDenial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may ove... |
57097050200fba1400367ff1 | What are attacks where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victom called? | reflection and amplification attacks | [
"Computer_security\n\nDenial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may ove... |
57097050200fba1400367ff2 | What does DDoS stand for? | Distributed denial of service | [
"Computer_security\n\nDenial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may ove... |
57097050200fba1400367ff3 | How can a network attack from a single IP address be blocked? | by adding a new firewall rule | [
"Computer_security\n\nDenial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may ove... |
570971e6ed30961900e84158 | What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector? | a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system | [
"Computer_security\n\nIf access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptio... |
570971e6ed30961900e84159 | In cars with built-in voice recognition features, what can the onboard microphones be used for? | eavesdropping | [
"Computer_security\n\nIf access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptio... |
570971e6ed30961900e8415a | Wifi, bluetooth, and cell phone networks are examples of what? | a potential entry point for malware or an attacker | [
"Computer_security\n\nIf access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptio... |
570971e6ed30961900e8415b | Assuming access has been gained to the car's internal controller area network, what is it possible to do? | disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel | [
"Computer_security\n\nIf access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptio... |
570971e6ed30961900e8415c | What network is used to contact concierge and emergency assitance services as well as getting navigational and entetainment information? | the cell phone network | [
"Computer_security\n\nIf access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptio... |
5709744f200fba1400368015 | How many organisations are estimated to maintain computer systems with effective detection systems? | relatively few | [
"Computer_security\n\nHowever, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place. As result, as Reuters points out: \"Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than phys... |
5709744f200fba1400368016 | What is the basic evidence gathered by that puts criminals behind bars? | packet capture appliances | [
"Computer_security\n\nHowever, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place. As result, as Reuters points out: \"Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than phys... |
5709744f200fba1400368017 | The primary obstacle to the eradication of cyber crime is the excessive reliance on what? | firewalls and other automated "detection" systems | [
"Computer_security\n\nHowever, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place. As result, as Reuters points out: \"Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than phys... |
5709744f200fba1400368018 | What is the source of the quote? | Reuters | [
"Computer_security\n\nHowever, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place. As result, as Reuters points out: \"Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than phys... |
5709744f200fba1400368019 | Electronic theft of data is causing more loss than what? | physical stealing of assets | [
"Computer_security\n\nHowever, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place. As result, as Reuters points out: \"Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than phys... |
5709750fed30961900e84188 | Technology that is used to implement secure operating systems is one use of what term? | computer security | [
"Computer_security\n\nOne use of the term \"computer security\" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the \"Orange Book\" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, \"Common Criteria\" defines a ... |
5709750fed30961900e84189 | What does EAL stand for? | Evaluation Assurance Levels | [
"Computer_security\n\nOne use of the term \"computer security\" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the \"Orange Book\" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, \"Common Criteria\" defines a ... |
5709750fed30961900e8418a | What is the standard of EAL4? | Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed | [
"Computer_security\n\nOne use of the term \"computer security\" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the \"Orange Book\" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, \"Common Criteria\" defines a ... |
5709750fed30961900e8418b | What is the standard for EAL6? | Semiformally Verified Design and Tested | [
"Computer_security\n\nOne use of the term \"computer security\" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the \"Orange Book\" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, \"Common Criteria\" defines a ... |
5709750fed30961900e8418c | What is an example of a system that meets EAL6? | Integrity-178B | [
"Computer_security\n\nOne use of the term \"computer security\" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the \"Orange Book\" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, \"Common Criteria\" defines a ... |
57097780200fba1400368033 | When was Chine's network security and information technology leadership team established? | February 27, 2014 | [
"Computer_security\n\nChina's network security and information technology leadership team was established February 27, 2014. The leadership team is tasked with national security and long-term development and co-ordination of major issues related to network security and information technology. Economic, political, c... |
57097780200fba1400368034 | What is the reason for studying the promotion of national network security ad information technology law? | enhanced national security capabilities. | [
"Computer_security\n\nChina's network security and information technology leadership team was established February 27, 2014. The leadership team is tasked with national security and long-term development and co-ordination of major issues related to network security and information technology. Economic, political, c... |
57097780200fba1400368035 | What country has a network security and information technology leadership team?? | China | [
"Computer_security\n\nChina's network security and information technology leadership team was established February 27, 2014. The leadership team is tasked with national security and long-term development and co-ordination of major issues related to network security and information technology. Economic, political, c... |
570978aaed30961900e841ae | What is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation? | Eavesdropping | [
"Computer_security\n\nEavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight have been used by the FBI and NSA to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers. Even machines that opera... |
570978aaed30961900e841af | Conversations that people eavesdrop on are typically between who? | hosts on a network | [
"Computer_security\n\nEavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight have been used by the FBI and NSA to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers. Even machines that opera... |
570978aaed30961900e841b0 | Who has used programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers? | the FBI and NSA | [
"Computer_security\n\nEavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight have been used by the FBI and NSA to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers. Even machines that opera... |
570978aaed30961900e841b1 | Eavesdropping on a closed system via the faint electro-magnetic trasmissions generated by the hardware has been referred to as what by the NSA? | TEMPEST | [
"Computer_security\n\nEavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight have been used by the FBI and NSA to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers. Even machines that opera... |
570978aaed30961900e841b2 | What are machines that operate with no contact to the outside world called? | a closed system | [
"Computer_security\n\nEavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight have been used by the FBI and NSA to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers. Even machines that opera... |
57097fd9ed30961900e84234 | What are desktop computers and laptops commonly infected with? | malware | [
"Computer_security\n\nDesktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity... |
57097fd9ed30961900e84235 | Constructing a botnet to attack another target is an example of the activity of what? | malware | [
"Computer_security\n\nDesktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity... |
57097fd9ed30961900e84236 | Activity trackers are an example of what? | Quantified Self devices | [
"Computer_security\n\nDesktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity... |
57097fd9ed30961900e84237 | What could wifi, bluetooth, and cellphone network on devices be used as? | attack vectors | [
"Computer_security\n\nDesktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity... |
57097fd9ed30961900e84238 | What could be remotely activated after a sucessful breach? | sensors | [
"Computer_security\n\nDesktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity... |
5709828a200fba14003680df | What does ACL stand for? | access control lists | [
"Computer_security\n\nWithin computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indir... |
5709828a200fba14003680e0 | ACLs and capability based security are two security models capable of what? | enforcing privilege separation | [
"Computer_security\n\nWithin computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indir... |
5709828a200fba14003680e1 | A host computer tricked into indirectly allowing access to restricted files is known as what? | the confused deputy problem | [
"Computer_security\n\nWithin computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indir... |
5709828a200fba14003680e2 | The confused deputy problem and the problem of not guaranteeing only one person has access are resolved by what? | capabilities | [
"Computer_security\n\nWithin computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indir... |
5709828a200fba14003680e3 | What must designers of systems that are ACL based do? | take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws | [
"Computer_security\n\nWithin computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indir... |
57099043200fba1400368199 | In what year did over a hundred intrusions made into the Rome Laboraroty? | 1994 | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility. Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities. The in... |
57099043200fba140036819a | How were hackers able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems? | Using trojan horses | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility. Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities. The in... |
57099043200fba140036819b | How were hackers able to penetrate connected networks? | by posing as a trusted Rome center user | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility. Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities. The in... |
57099043200fba140036819c | What is the Rome Laboratory? | the US Air Force's main command and research facility | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility. Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities. The in... |
57099043200fba140036819d | Who does the Goddard Space Flight Center belong to? | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility. Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities. The in... |
5709986aed30961900e84366 | When did The Impact Team successfully breach Ashley Madison? | July of 2015 | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn July of 2015, a hacker group known as \"The Impact Team\" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to... |
5709986aed30961900e84367 | What is the name of the parent company that created Ashley Madison? | Avid Life Media | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn July of 2015, a hacker group known as \"The Impact Team\" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to... |
5709986aed30961900e84368 | When did the Avid Life Media CEO resign? | After the second data dump | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn July of 2015, a hacker group known as \"The Impact Team\" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to... |
5709986aed30961900e84369 | What was in the first data dump? | emails from the company's CEO | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn July of 2015, a hacker group known as \"The Impact Team\" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to... |
5709986aed30961900e8436a | What website, in addition to Ashley Madison, was Avid Media instructed to take offline? | Established Men | [
"Computer_security\n\nIn July of 2015, a hacker group known as \"The Impact Team\" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to... |
57099c47ed30961900e84378 | According to goverment officials, what has the failure of the private sector to solve efficiently the cybersecurity problem created? | a crucial need for regulation | [
"Computer_security\n\nThe question of whether the government should intervene or not in the regulation of the cyberspace is a very polemical one. Indeed, for as long as it has existed and by definition, the cyberspace is a virtual space free of any government intervention. Where everyone agree that an improvement o... |
57099c47ed30961900e84379 | Where was the RSA Security Conference held? | San Francisco | [
"Computer_security\n\nThe question of whether the government should intervene or not in the regulation of the cyberspace is a very polemical one. Indeed, for as long as it has existed and by definition, the cyberspace is a virtual space free of any government intervention. Where everyone agree that an improvement o... |
57099c47ed30961900e8437a | Who believes that government intervention would affect innovation? | executives from the private sector | [
"Computer_security\n\nThe question of whether the government should intervene or not in the regulation of the cyberspace is a very polemical one. Indeed, for as long as it has existed and by definition, the cyberspace is a virtual space free of any government intervention. Where everyone agree that an improvement o... |
57099c47ed30961900e8437b | Who said "industry only responds when you threaten regulation"? | R. Clarke | [
"Computer_security\n\nThe question of whether the government should intervene or not in the regulation of the cyberspace is a very polemical one. Indeed, for as long as it has existed and by definition, the cyberspace is a virtual space free of any government intervention. Where everyone agree that an improvement o... |
57099c47ed30961900e8437c | What is a virtual space free of any government intervention? | cyberspace | [
"Computer_security\n\nThe question of whether the government should intervene or not in the regulation of the cyberspace is a very polemical one. Indeed, for as long as it has existed and by definition, the cyberspace is a virtual space free of any government intervention. Where everyone agree that an improvement o... |
57099d82ed30961900e84382 | When did Public Safety Canada unveil Canada's Cyber Security Strategy? | October 3, 2010 | [
"Computer_security\n\nOn October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy is to strengthen Canada’s \"cyber systems and critical infrastructure sectors, support economi... |
57099d82ed30961900e84383 | What outlines the ongoing implementation of the Cyber Security Strategy? | The Action Plan 2010–2015 for Canada's Cyber Security Strategy | [
"Computer_security\n\nOn October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy is to strengthen Canada’s \"cyber systems and critical infrastructure sectors, support economi... |
57099d82ed30961900e84384 | What outlines the responsibilities and provides a plan for coordination during a cyber incident? | The Cyber Incident Management Framework for Canada | [
"Computer_security\n\nOn October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy is to strengthen Canada’s \"cyber systems and critical infrastructure sectors, support economi... |
57099ea3200fba14003681dd | What is a potential attack vector for utilities such as the power grid? | The Internet | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrate... |
57099ea3200fba14003681de | What demonstrated equipment controlled by computers not connected to the internet can also be vulnerable? | the Stuxnet worm | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrate... |
57099ea3200fba14003681df | When did the Computer Emergency Readiness Team investigate 79 hacking incidents at energy companies? | 2014 | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrate... |
57099ea3200fba14003681e0 | What department does the Computer Emergency Readiness Team belong to? | the Department of Homeland Security | [
"Computer_security\n\nComputers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrate... |
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