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Were sulfonamides more or less toxic than arsphenamine?	<text>Were sulfonamides more or less toxic than arsphenamine?</text><reasoning>Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klare...
Streptococci and other pathogens could be treated by what type of antibiotics?	<text>Streptococci and other pathogens could be treated by what type of antibiotics?</text><reasoning>Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer...
Who put out a report in 2012?	<text>Who put out a report in 2012?</text><reasoning>Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by...
What has been argued restricted innovation?	<text>What has been argued restricted innovation?</text><reasoning>Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A ...
What was a recommendations brought about from the report?	<text>What was a recommendations brought about from the report?</text><reasoning>Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of hum...
What is one thing excessive regulations causes?	<text>What is one thing excessive regulations causes?</text><reasoning>Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease...
What can be used to evaluate new approval processes?	<text>What can be used to evaluate new approval processes?</text><reasoning>Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human di...
What is excessive drug regulation said to suppress?	<text>What is excessive drug regulation said to suppress?</text><reasoning>Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human dis...
In what year was a report made to reduce the burdens of drug development?	<text>In what year was a report made to reduce the burdens of drug development?</text><reasoning>Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the ...
What was argued to be holding back new knowledge for treating diseases?	<text>What was argued to be holding back new knowledge for treating diseases?</text><reasoning>Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the tr...
What Act forbade misbranded drugs?	<text>What Act forbade misbranded drugs?</text><reasoning>Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased ...
What caused a Tetanus outbreak?	<text>What caused a Tetanus outbreak?</text><reasoning>Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased reg...
What act allowed premarket approval for drugs?	<text>What act allowed premarket approval for drugs?</text><reasoning>Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States...
When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented?	<text>When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented?</text><reasoning>Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United...
Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers?	<text>Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers?</text><reasoning>Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the ...
What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs?	<text>What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs?</text><reasoning>Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enfor...
What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs?	<text>What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs?</text><reasoning>Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement wa...
In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed?	<text>In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed?</text><reasoning>Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United ...
When was the Polio vaccine created?	<text>When was the Polio vaccine created?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid develo...
Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer?	<text>Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed...
Who identified the SV40 virus?	<text>Who identified the SV40 virus?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development...
What was a complication of the SV40 virus?	<text>What was a complication of the SV40 virus?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid...
Who funded the Polio vaccine?	<text>Who funded the Polio vaccine?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development ...
In what year was the polio vaccine created?	<text>In what year was the polio vaccine created?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapi...
Who created the polio vaccine?	<text>Who created the polio vaccine?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development...
What virus caused tumors in most mammals?	<text>What virus caused tumors in most mammals?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid ...
Who identified the SV40 virus?	<text>Who identified the SV40 virus?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development...
SV40 was present in what vaccine?	<text>SV40 was present in what vaccine?</text><reasoning>During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid developm...
Who created the first rabies vaccine?	<text>Who created the first rabies vaccine?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885...
How many cases of Diphtheria were there in 1921?	<text>How many cases of Diphtheria were there in 1921?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseas...
In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat Diphtheria Toxin?	<text>In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat Diphtheria Toxin?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common ...
Who created a vaccine to treat Japanese Encephalitis?	<text>Who created a vaccine to treat Japanese Encephalitis?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable d...
How many deaths occurred due to Diphtheria?	<text>How many deaths occurred due to Diphtheria?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. I...
The rabies vaccine was created in what year?	<text>The rabies vaccine was created in what year?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. ...
In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made?	<text>In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases....
What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use?	<text>What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable...
Who developed the first encephalitis vaccine?	<text>Who developed the first encephalitis vaccine?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases....
What company did Hilleman later work for?	<text>What company did Hilleman later work for?</text><reasoning>Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In ...
What did the first measles prevent in it's first 20 years?	<text>What did the first measles prevent in it's first 20 years?</text><reasoning>Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Me...
Who originally created the measles vaccine?	<text>Who originally created the measles vaccine?</text><reasoning>Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck) The United...