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What is the advantage of more critical infrastructure being controlled via computer programs?	<text>What is the advantage of more critical infrastructure being controlled via computer programs?</text><reasoning>This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism. More and more critical infrastructure is being controlled via computer programs that, while increasing efficiency, exposes new vulnerabi...
What is the disadvantage of more critical infrastructure being controlled via computer programs?	<text>What is the disadvantage of more critical infrastructure being controlled via computer programs?</text><reasoning>This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism. More and more critical infrastructure is being controlled via computer programs that, while increasing efficiency, exposes new vulner...
When did Public Safety Canada unveil Canada's Cyber Security Strategy?	<text>When did Public Safety Canada unveil Canada's Cyber Security Strategy?</text><reasoning>On October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy is to strengthen Canada’s ...
What outlines the ongoing implementation of the Cyber Security Strategy?	<text>What outlines the ongoing implementation of the Cyber Security Strategy?</text><reasoning>On October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy is to strengthen Canada’...
What outlines the responsibilities and provides a plan for coordination during a cyber incident?	<text>What outlines the responsibilities and provides a plan for coordination during a cyber incident?</text><reasoning>On October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy ...
Installing keyloggers and making operating system modifications are examples of ways unauthorized users for what?	<text>Installing keyloggers and making operating system modifications are examples of ways unauthorized users for what?</text><reasoning>An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly download data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifica...
Booting a tool or another operating system from a CD Rom can bypass what?	<text>Booting a tool or another operating system from a CD Rom can bypass what?</text><reasoning>An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly download data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifications, installing software worms, keylog...
Disk encryption and Trusted Platform Module are designed to prevent what?	<text>Disk encryption and Trusted Platform Module are designed to prevent what?</text><reasoning>An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly download data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifications, installing software worms, keylog...
An unauthorized user with physical access to a computer can likely do what?	<text>An unauthorized user with physical access to a computer can likely do what?</text><reasoning>An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly download data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifications, installing software worms, keyl...
How is animal communication defined?	<text>How is animal communication defined?</text><reasoning>The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal. The study of animal communication, called zoo s...
What is the study of animal communication called?	<text>What is the study of animal communication called?</text><reasoning>The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal. The study of animal communication,...
What is the study of human communication called?	<text>What is the study of human communication called?</text><reasoning>The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal. The study of animal communication, ...
What are some fields of knowledge concerning the animal world that have been revolutionizes in the 21st century?	<text>What are some fields of knowledge concerning the animal world that have been revolutionizes in the 21st century?</text><reasoning>The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future...
What field of communication has been investigated more thoroughly?	<text>What field of communication has been investigated more thoroughly?</text><reasoning>The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal. The study of anim...
When did The Impact Team successfully breach Ashley Madison?	<text>When did The Impact Team successfully breach Ashley Madison?</text><reasoning>In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, ...
What is the name of the parent company that created Ashley Madison?	<text>What is the name of the parent company that created Ashley Madison?</text><reasoning>In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the b...
When did the Avid Life Media CEO resign?	<text>When did the Avid Life Media CEO resign?</text><reasoning>In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dump...
What was in the first data dump?	<text>What was in the first data dump?</text><reasoning>In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped email...
What website, in addition to Ashley Madison, was Avid Media instructed to take offline?	<text>What website, in addition to Ashley Madison, was Avid Media instructed to take offline?</text><reasoning>In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data ...
What does CCIRC stand for?	<text>What does CCIRC stand for?</text><reasoning>Public Safety Canada’s Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC) is responsible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada’s critical infrastructure and cyber systems. The CCIRC provides support to mitigate cyber threats, technical support to respond and r...
Who is resposible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada's critical infrastructure?	<text>Who is resposible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada's critical infrastructure?</text><reasoning>Public Safety Canada’s Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC) is responsible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada’s critical infrastructure and cyber systems. The CCIRC provides ...
Where does the CCIRC post regular cyber security bulletins?	<text>Where does the CCIRC post regular cyber security bulletins?</text><reasoning>Public Safety Canada’s Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC) is responsible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada’s critical infrastructure and cyber systems. The CCIRC provides support to mitigate cyber threats, t...
What functions as a counterpart document to the National Strategy and Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure?	<text>What functions as a counterpart document to the National Strategy and Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure?</text><reasoning>Public Safety Canada’s Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC) is responsible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada’s critical infrastructure and cyber systems. The ...
Microchips vulnerabilities are introduced when?	<text>Microchips vulnerabilities are introduced when?</text><reasoning>While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only computer security....
What offers an alternative to soft-ware only computer security?	<text>What offers an alternative to soft-ware only computer security?</text><reasoning>While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only co...
What can hardware be a source of?	<text>What can hardware be a source of?</text><reasoning>While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only computer security. Using devices...
What is required in order for hardware to be compromised?	<text>What is required in order for hardware to be compromised?</text><reasoning>While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only computer...
What is a potential attack vector for utilities such as the power grid?	<text>What is a potential attack vector for utilities such as the power grid?</text><reasoning>Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack ve...
What demonstrated equipment controlled by computers not connected to the internet can also be vulnerable?	<text>What demonstrated equipment controlled by computers not connected to the internet can also be vulnerable?</text><reasoning>Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The...
When did the Computer Emergency Readiness Team investigate 79 hacking incidents at energy companies?	<text>When did the Computer Emergency Readiness Team investigate 79 hacking incidents at energy companies?</text><reasoning>Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Inte...
What department does the Computer Emergency Readiness Team belong to?	<text>What department does the Computer Emergency Readiness Team belong to?</text><reasoning>Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vect...
How did the Stuxnet worm infect industrial equipment?	<text>How did the Stuxnet worm infect industrial equipment?</text><reasoning>Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such mach...
How many computers were connected to the internet in 1988?	<text>How many computers were connected to the internet in 1988?</text><reasoning>In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded...
When was the first computer worm released?	<text>When was the first computer worm released?</text><reasoning>In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time ...
Who was the first computer worm traced back to?	<text>Who was the first computer worm traced back to?</text><reasoning>In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor ...
What is a malicious code that demands processor time and spreads itself to other computers?	<text>What is a malicious code that demands processor time and spreads itself to other computers?</text><reasoning>In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were runni...
Why did Morris Jr make the computer worm?	<text>Why did Morris Jr make the computer worm?</text><reasoning>In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time a...
What type of wine is fermented with grape skin?	<text>What type of wine is fermented with grape skin?</text><reasoning>Red wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an impo...
What type of wine is fermented after the grapes skin has been removed?	<text>What type of wine is fermented after the grapes skin has been removed?</text><reasoning>Red wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with...
What substance is absorbed by wine when grapes are fermented with their skins?	<text>What substance is absorbed by wine when grapes are fermented with their skins?</text><reasoning>Red wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in cont...