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Which standard does not include a specification for an MP3 encoder? | <text>Which standard does not include a specification for an MP3 encoder?</text><reasoning>The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these sugges... |
Example psychoacoustic models and rate loops can be foundin which part of the original standard? | <text>Example psychoacoustic models and rate loops can be foundin which part of the original standard?</text><reasoning>The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original stand... |
What were implementers of the standard supposed to devise? | <text>What were implementers of the standard supposed to devise?</text><reasoning>The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested imple... |
It is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice because of what factor? | <text>It is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice because of what factor?</text><reasoning>The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original st... |
An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates might be worse at what? | <text>An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates might be worse at what?</text><reasoning>The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At pre... |
A listening environment is also know by which term? | <text>A listening environment is also know by which term?</text><reasoning>Perceived quality can be influenced by listening environment (ambient noise), listener attention, and listener training and in most cases by listener audio equipment (such as sound cards, speakers and headphones).</reasoning><output>ambient nois... |
Other than speakers and headphones, what other piece of equipment affects the listener's perceived quality? | <text>Other than speakers and headphones, what other piece of equipment affects the listener's perceived quality?</text><reasoning>Perceived quality can be influenced by listening environment (ambient noise), listener attention, and listener training and in most cases by listener audio equipment (such as sound cards, s... |
Listening environment, listener attention, listener training and listener audio equipment can all affect what kind of quality? | <text>Listening environment, listener attention, listener training and listener audio equipment can all affect what kind of quality?</text><reasoning>Perceived quality can be influenced by listening environment (ambient noise), listener attention, and listener training and in most cases by listener audio equipment (suc... |
A header and data block together make up what? | <text>A header and data block together make up what?</text><reasoning>An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame... |
What is a sequence of MP3 frames called? | <text>What is a sequence of MP3 frames called?</text><reasoning>An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame bound... |
How many bits are needed to indicate that layer 3 is used? | <text>How many bits are needed to indicate that layer 3 is used?</text><reasoning>An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arb... |
MP3 files today contain what kind of metadeta? | <text>MP3 files today contain what kind of metadeta?</text><reasoning>An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame... |
What kind of structure does a filter bank have? | <text>What kind of structure does a filter bank have?</text><reasoning>Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Additionally, the combining of t... |
Due to a specific kind of structure, what kind of problems are made worse? | <text>Due to a specific kind of structure, what kind of problems are made worse?</text><reasoning>Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Addit... |
What kind of resolution are the filter banks unable to provide an optimal solution for? | <text>What kind of resolution are the filter banks unable to provide an optimal solution for?</text><reasoning>Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency reso... |
Combining two filter banks' outputs creates what kind of problem? | <text>Combining two filter banks' outputs creates what kind of problem?</text><reasoning>Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Additionally, ... |
The need to code excess energy in the frequency domain decreases what kind of efficiency? | <text>The need to code excess energy in the frequency domain decreases what kind of efficiency?</text><reasoning>Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency re... |
What sampling rate is used for CD audio? | <text>What sampling rate is used for CD audio?</text><reasoning>A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio o... |
What is the main source used for creating MP3 files? | <text>What is the main source used for creating MP3 files?</text><reasoning>A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compres... |
Where can one find a greater variety of bit rates? | <text>Where can one find a greater variety of bit rates?</text><reasoning>A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compressi... |
The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio? | <text>The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio?</text><reasoning>A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is... |
As technology advances, what is another higher bit rate that is beginning to spread? | <text>As technology advances, what is another higher bit rate that is beginning to spread?</text><reasoning>A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/... |
What is carefully defined in the standard? | <text>What is carefully defined in the standard?</text><reasoning>Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance... |
What are most decoders? | <text>What are most decoders?</text><reasoning>Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output spe... |
The ISO/IEC high standard document states that the decompressed output produced from a given MP3 file will be the same within what standards? | <text>The ISO/IEC high standard document states that the decompressed output produced from a given MP3 file will be the same within what standards?</text><reasoning>Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that t... |
Decoders are usually compared by examining which factor? | <text>Decoders are usually compared by examining which factor?</text><reasoning>Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of roun... |
The efficiency of decoders is examined by seeing how much memory and what other process they use in the decoding process? | <text>The efficiency of decoders is examined by seeing how much memory and what other process they use in the decoding process?</text><reasoning>Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a g... |
Other than the bit rate and the difficulty of the signal, what can also affect the quality of an MP3 file? | <text>Other than the bit rate and the difficulty of the signal, what can also affect the quality of an MP3 file?</text><reasoning>Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded. As the MP3 stan... |
The MP3 standard allows encoders to have a lot of freedom with which aspect of encoding? | <text>The MP3 standard allows encoders to have a lot of freedom with which aspect of encoding?</text><reasoning>Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded. As the MP3 standard allows quite ... |
As a result of the freedom, different encoders can result in different quality even if which aspect of the file is the same? | <text>As a result of the freedom, different encoders can result in different quality even if which aspect of the file is the same?</text><reasoning>Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encode... |
An example shown has a low range quality score of what value? | <text>An example shown has a low range quality score of what value?</text><reasoning>Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded. As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encod... |
The LAME encoder allows bit rates that are what? | <text>The LAME encoder allows bit rates that are what?</text><reasoning>Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files. According to the ISO standard, decoders are only required to be able to decode streams up to 320... |
Even though few MP3 players can play it, LAME also offers which option? | <text>Even though few MP3 players can play it, LAME also offers which option?</text><reasoning>Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files. According to the ISO standard, decoders are only required to be able to d... |
What is the highest bit rate the LAME encoder allows? | <text>What is the highest bit rate the LAME encoder allows?</text><reasoning>Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files. According to the ISO standard, decoders are only required to be able to decode streams up t... |
The ISO standard dictates that decoders only need to be able to decode streams that have how high of a bit rate? | <text>The ISO standard dictates that decoders only need to be able to decode streams that have how high of a bit rate?</text><reasoning>Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files. According to the ISO standard, d... |
If the bit rate is too low, what might be audible in the reproduction? | <text>If the bit rate is too low, what might be audible in the reproduction?</text><reasoning>With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness and sharp attacks. When... |
Sounds that were not in the original recording are referred to as what? | <text>Sounds that were not in the original recording are referred to as what?</text><reasoning>With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness and sharp attacks. Whe... |
Randomness and sharp attacks are two reasons that may make it harder to to do what to an audio file? | <text>Randomness and sharp attacks are two reasons that may make it harder to to do what to an audio file?</text><reasoning>With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its rand... |
Other than pre - echo, what is another example of what can happen when audio is compressed? | <text>Other than pre - echo, what is another example of what can happen when audio is compressed?</text><reasoning>With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness an... |
What kind of sample can display a good example of compression artifacts? | <text>What kind of sample can display a good example of compression artifacts?</text><reasoning>With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness and sharp attacks. Wh... |
A partially full frame's ability to have part of the next frame's audio data is referred to as what? | <text>A partially full frame's ability to have part of the next frame's audio data is referred to as what?</text><reasoning>Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bi... |
What kind of audio is required to use a bit reservoir? | <text>What kind of audio is required to use a bit reservoir?</text><reasoning>Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bitrate stream. Internal handling of the bit res... |
A bit reservoir allows for what kind of changes in effective bit rate? | <text>A bit reservoir allows for what kind of changes in effective bit rate?</text><reasoning>Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bitrate stream. Internal handlin... |
A large benefit of a bit reservoir is that you can use it even while encoding what kind of stream? | <text>A large benefit of a bit reservoir is that you can use it even while encoding what kind of stream?</text><reasoning>Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bitr... |
What is stored on an audio-CD that has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s? | <text>What is stored on an audio-CD that has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s?</text><reasoning>Uncompressed audio as stored on an audio-CD has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s, (16 bit/sample × 44100 samples/second × 2 channels / 1000 bits/kilobit), so the bitrates 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s represent compression ratios of appro... |
What does a bit rate of 128 represent in terms of compression ratio? | <text>What does a bit rate of 128 represent in terms of compression ratio?</text><reasoning>Uncompressed audio as stored on an audio-CD has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s, (16 bit/sample × 44100 samples/second × 2 channels / 1000 bits/kilobit), so the bitrates 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s represent compression ratios of appro... |
What would a bit rate of 160 correspond to in terms of compression ratio? | <text>What would a bit rate of 160 correspond to in terms of compression ratio?</text><reasoning>Uncompressed audio as stored on an audio-CD has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s, (16 bit/sample × 44100 samples/second × 2 channels / 1000 bits/kilobit), so the bitrates 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s represent compression ratios of ... |
What would a bit rate of 192 kbit/s have for a compression ratio? | <text>What would a bit rate of 192 kbit/s have for a compression ratio?</text><reasoning>Uncompressed audio as stored on an audio-CD has a bit rate of 1,411.2 kbit/s, (16 bit/sample × 44100 samples/second × 2 channels / 1000 bits/kilobit), so the bitrates 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s represent compression ratios of approxim... |
What is the name of the study done by composer Ryan Maguire? | <text>What is the name of the study done by composer Ryan Maguire?</text><reasoning>An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project "The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), c... |
What did the study aim to isolate? | <text>What did the study aim to isolate?</text><reasoning>An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project "The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusively from t... |
What is the track "moDernisT" an anagram of? | <text>What is the track "moDernisT" an anagram of?</text><reasoning>An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project "The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusiv... |
Where was an account of the study published? | <text>Where was an account of the study published?</text><reasoning>An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project "The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusiv... |
Which year was the study published? | <text>Which year was the study published?</text><reasoning>An in-depth study of MP3 audio quality, sound artist and composer Ryan Maguire's project "The Ghost in the MP3" isolates the sounds lost during MP3 compression. In 2015, he released the track "moDernisT" (an anagram of "Tom's Diner"), composed exclusively from ... |
What does the term CBR mean? | <text>What does the term CBR mean?</text><reasoning>Early MPEG Layer III encoders used what is now called Constant Bit Rate (CBR). The software was only able to use a uniform bitrate on all frames in an MP3 file. Later more sophisticated MP3 encoders were able to use the bit reservoir to target an average bit rate sele... |
Which early MPEG layer used CBR? | <text>Which early MPEG layer used CBR?</text><reasoning>Early MPEG Layer III encoders used what is now called Constant Bit Rate (CBR). The software was only able to use a uniform bitrate on all frames in an MP3 file. Later more sophisticated MP3 encoders were able to use the bit reservoir to target an average bit rate ... |
The early software was restricted to which kind of bitrate? | <text>The early software was restricted to which kind of bitrate?</text><reasoning>Early MPEG Layer III encoders used what is now called Constant Bit Rate (CBR). The software was only able to use a uniform bitrate on all frames in an MP3 file. Later more sophisticated MP3 encoders were able to use the bit reservoir to ... |
What did more sophisticated MP3 encoders use to target an average bit rate? | <text>What did more sophisticated MP3 encoders use to target an average bit rate?</text><reasoning>Early MPEG Layer III encoders used what is now called Constant Bit Rate (CBR). The software was only able to use a uniform bitrate on all frames in an MP3 file. Later more sophisticated MP3 encoders were able to use the b... |
What did encoders base the encoding rate for each frame on? | <text>What did encoders base the encoding rate for each frame on?</text><reasoning>Early MPEG Layer III encoders used what is now called Constant Bit Rate (CBR). The software was only able to use a uniform bitrate on all frames in an MP3 file. Later more sophisticated MP3 encoders were able to use the bit reservoir to ... |
Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free? | <text>Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free?</text><reasoning>The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority o... |
What happened to the patents that caused them to be patent-free? | <text>What happened to the patents that caused them to be patent-free?</text><reasoning>The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The major... |
When will the technology be patent - free in the United States? | <text>When will the technology be patent - free in the United States?</text><reasoning>The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majori... |
Between which years did most of the MP3 patents in the US expire? | <text>Between which years did most of the MP3 patents in the US expire?</text><reasoning>The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majo... |
Other than the ID3v1, which similar standard format for tag exists? | <text>Other than the ID3v1, which similar standard format for tag exists?</text><reasoning>However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separa... |
What is the most recently introduced standard for tag formatting? | <text>What is the most recently introduced standard for tag formatting?</text><reasoning>However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separate... |
What is the second place in a file that tags are normally stored, with the first being at the beginning? | <text>What is the second place in a file that tags are normally stored, with the first being at the beginning?</text><reasoning>However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the ... |
What is important to note about where the tags are stored? | <text>What is important to note about where the tags are stored?</text><reasoning>However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separate from t... |
If the MP3 decoders do not extract information from the tags, what do they do to them? | <text>If the MP3 decoders do not extract information from the tags, what do they do to them?</text><reasoning>However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end o... |
What can scale factor band 21 be shortened to? | <text>What can scale factor band 21 be shortened to?</text><reasoning>There is no scale factor band 21 (sfb21) for frequencies above approx 16 kHz, forcing the encoder to choose between less accurate representation in band 21 or less efficient storage in all bands below band 21, the latter resulting in wasted bitrate i... |
What is the maximum frequency that scale factor band 21 can go up to? | <text>What is the maximum frequency that scale factor band 21 can go up to?</text><reasoning>There is no scale factor band 21 (sfb21) for frequencies above approx 16 kHz, forcing the encoder to choose between less accurate representation in band 21 or less efficient storage in all bands below band 21, the latter result... |
The encoder has to choose between less acurate representation in band 21 or which factor in all bands below band 21? | <text>The encoder has to choose between less acurate representation in band 21 or which factor in all bands below band 21?</text><reasoning>There is no scale factor band 21 (sfb21) for frequencies above approx 16 kHz, forcing the encoder to choose between less accurate representation in band 21 or less efficient storag... |
What does less efficient storage result in for VBR encoding? | <text>What does less efficient storage result in for VBR encoding?</text><reasoning>There is no scale factor band 21 (sfb21) for frequencies above approx 16 kHz, forcing the encoder to choose between less accurate representation in band 21 or less efficient storage in all bands below band 21, the latter resulting in wa... |
What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as? | <text>What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as?</text><reasoning>A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3 files, nor... |
What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number? | <text>What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number?</text><reasoning>A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3... |
What do MP3 standards not define? | <text>What do MP3 standards not define?</text><reasoning>A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3 files, nor is there a standard container fo... |
What would be needed to support metadata and obviate the need for tags? | <text>What would be needed to support metadata and obviate the need for tags?</text><reasoning>A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3 files... |
What became publicly available on 6 December 1991? | <text>What became publicly available on 6 December 1991?</text><reasoning>The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire 20 years after the initial... |
When can patents not be filed in most countries? | <text>When can patents not be filed in most countries?</text><reasoning>The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire 20 years after the initial f... |
How long does it take for patents to expire after being filed? | <text>How long does it take for patents to expire after being filed?</text><reasoning>The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire 20 years after... |
How long can it take for patents to be approved after initially being filed? | <text>How long can it take for patents to be approved after initially being filed?</text><reasoning>The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire ... |
When did patents required to implement MP3 expire in most countries? | <text>When did patents required to implement MP3 expire in most countries?</text><reasoning>The initial near-complete MPEG-1 standard (parts 1, 2 and 3) was publicly available on 6 December 1991 as ISO CD 11172. In most countries, patents cannot be filed after prior art has been made public, and patents expire 20 years... |
who released the hit single "promised land"? | <text>who released the hit single "promised land"?</text><reasoning>One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council. Europeans embraced house, and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of Sound, wh... |
who covered and charted the single "promised land"? | <text>who covered and charted the single "promised land"?</text><reasoning>One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council. Europeans embraced house, and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of So... |
who was the resident of the Ministry of Sound? | <text>who was the resident of the Ministry of Sound?</text><reasoning>One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council. Europeans embraced house, and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of Sound, ... |
who did Justin Berkmann bring into the club to play? | <text>who did Justin Berkmann bring into the club to play?</text><reasoning>One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council. Europeans embraced house, and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of S... |
What was the first house single to hit #1 in the UK? | <text>What was the first house single to hit #1 in the UK?</text><reasoning>In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with "Jack the Groove", and several furthe... |
What year did "Jack Your Body" hit #1 in the UK? | <text>What year did "Jack Your Body" hit #1 in the UK?</text><reasoning>In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with "Jack the Groove", and several further ho... |
Who had a hit single with "jack the groove"? | <text>Who had a hit single with "jack the groove"?</text><reasoning>In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with "Jack the Groove", and several further house ... |
what group's productions for Mel and Kim added elements of house to the europop sound? | <text>what group's productions for Mel and Kim added elements of house to the europop sound?</text><reasoning>In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with "Ja... |
what was the name of mel and kim's number-one hit single in the UK? | <text>what was the name of mel and kim's number-one hit single in the UK?</text><reasoning>In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with "Jack the Groove", and... |
How many bit rates does the simplest type of MP3 file use? | <text>How many bit rates does the simplest type of MP3 file use?</text><reasoning>The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding. Using a constant bit rate makes encoding simpler and faster. However, it is also possible to create files where the bi... |
What does CBR stand for? | <text>What does CBR stand for?</text><reasoning>The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding. Using a constant bit rate makes encoding simpler and faster. However, it is also possible to create files where the bit rate changes throughout the file... |
What does VBR stand for? | <text>What does VBR stand for?</text><reasoning>The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding. Using a constant bit rate makes encoding simpler and faster. However, it is also possible to create files where the bit rate changes throughout the file... |
Aside from silence, which sections of music highlight parts that are easier to compress? | <text>Aside from silence, which sections of music highlight parts that are easier to compress?</text><reasoning>The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding. Using a constant bit rate makes encoding simpler and faster. However, it is also possibl... |
What value do users need to know when encoding their music to help avoid them having to do tests on each piece of music? | <text>What value do users need to know when encoding their music to help avoid them having to do tests on each piece of music?</text><reasoning>The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding. Using a constant bit rate makes encoding simpler and fas... |
AAC, mp3PRO and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as which other lossy format? | <text>AAC, mp3PRO and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as which other lossy format?</text><reasoning>Other lossy formats exist. Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models. The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft o... |
What model type do all of the lossy formats roughly depend on? | <text>What model type do all of the lossy formats roughly depend on?</text><reasoning>Other lossy formats exist. Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models. The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft owns many of the basic patents under... |
Which company owns many of the patents that cover the other formats? | <text>Which company owns many of the patents that cover the other formats?</text><reasoning>Other lossy formats exist. Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models. The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft owns many of the basic patents... |
What is the name given to the standard for measure and storing the loudness of an MP3 file? | <text>What is the name given to the standard for measure and storing the loudness of an MP3 file?</text><reasoning>ReplayGain is a standard for measuring and storing the loudness of an MP3 file (audio normalization) in its metadata tag, enabling a ReplayGain-compliant player to automatically adjust the overall playback... |
What is measuring and storing loudness of an MP3 file also known as? | <text>What is measuring and storing loudness of an MP3 file also known as?</text><reasoning>ReplayGain is a standard for measuring and storing the loudness of an MP3 file (audio normalization) in its metadata tag, enabling a ReplayGain-compliant player to automatically adjust the overall playback volume for each file. ... |
What does the standard ReplayGain allow a player to automatically adjust? | <text>What does the standard ReplayGain allow a player to automatically adjust?</text><reasoning>ReplayGain is a standard for measuring and storing the loudness of an MP3 file (audio normalization) in its metadata tag, enabling a ReplayGain-compliant player to automatically adjust the overall playback volume for each f... |
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