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Homeostasis is like what household tool?	<text>Homeostasis is like what household tool?</text><reasoning>For any animal, survival requires maintaining a variety of parameters of bodily state within a limited range of variation: these include temperature, water content, salt concentration in the bloodstream, blood glucose levels, blood oxygen level, and others...
Light-receptive neurons are located in what part of the eye?	<text>Light-receptive neurons are located in what part of the eye?</text><reasoning>Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of sensory...
Vibration-sensitive neurons are found in what part of the ear?	<text>Vibration-sensitive neurons are found in what part of the ear?</text><reasoning>Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of senso...
Signals are sent from the thalamus to what part of the brain?	<text>Signals are sent from the thalamus to what part of the brain?</text><reasoning>Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of sensor...
An EEG of the brain stands for what?	<text>An EEG of the brain stands for what?</text><reasoning>As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that they generate can be large enough to d...
MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what?	<text>MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what?</text><reasoning>As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that they generate can be large eno...
What type of test is used to tell that a brain is active even during sleep?	<text>What type of test is used to tell that a brain is active even during sleep?</text><reasoning>As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that...
What type of brain waves are seen in mammals during sleep?	<text>What type of brain waves are seen in mammals during sleep?</text><reasoning>As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that they generate ca...
What type of brain waves are sen when a creature is awake, but inattentive?	<text>What type of brain waves are sen when a creature is awake, but inattentive?</text><reasoning>As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that...
Work in the first half the 20th century in electrical properties of nerve cells were by what two main scientists?	<text>Work in the first half the 20th century in electrical properties of nerve cells were by what two main scientists?</text><reasoning>In the first half of the 20th century, advances in electronics enabled investigation of the electrical properties of nerve cells, culminating in work by Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley, a...
In what year did Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo publish a paper about long-term potentiation?	<text>In what year did Tim Bliss and Terje Lomo publish a paper about long-term potentiation?</text><reasoning>Almost all animals are capable of modifying their behavior as a result of experience—even the most primitive types of worms. Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must somehow corre...
BDNF is an abbreviation for what term?	<text>BDNF is an abbreviation for what term?</text><reasoning>Almost all animals are capable of modifying their behavior as a result of experience—even the most primitive types of worms. Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must somehow correspond to changes inside the brain. Theorists dati...
Learning and memory expressed as changes in the synaptic connections was first theorized by whom?	<text>Learning and memory expressed as changes in the synaptic connections was first theorized by whom?</text><reasoning>Almost all animals are capable of modifying their behavior as a result of experience—even the most primitive types of worms. Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must som...
Which motor areas of the brain control breathing and swallowing?	<text>Which motor areas of the brain control breathing and swallowing?</text><reasoning>The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher...
At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas?	<text>At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas?</text><reasoning>The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a highe...
The red nucleus controls what part(s) of the body?	<text>The red nucleus controls what part(s) of the body?</text><reasoning>The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are are...
A strip of tissue found at the edge of the frontal lobe is called what?	<text>A strip of tissue found at the edge of the frontal lobe is called what?</text><reasoning>The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a...
The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what?	<text>The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what?</text><reasoning>The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a...
What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system?	<text>What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system?</text><reasoning>The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnos...
What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?	<text>What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?</text><reasoning>The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and ...
What field of science strives to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system?	<text>What field of science strives to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system?</text><reasoning>The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline ...
Psychiatry is the branch of science that does what?	<text>Psychiatry is the branch of science that does what?</text><reasoning>The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseas...
Cognitive science seeks to join what two branches of science with other fields?	<text>Cognitive science seeks to join what two branches of science with other fields?</text><reasoning>The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that...
Where was the oldest brain that was found?	<text>Where was the oldest brain that was found?</text><reasoning>The oldest brain to have been discovered was in Armenia in the Areni-1 cave complex. The brain, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, was found in the skull of a 12 to 14-year-old girl. Although the brains were shriveled, they were well preserved due to ...
How old was the oldest brain discovered thought to be?	<text>How old was the oldest brain discovered thought to be?</text><reasoning>The oldest brain to have been discovered was in Armenia in the Areni-1 cave complex. The brain, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, was found in the skull of a 12 to 14-year-old girl. Although the brains were shriveled, they were well prese...
The oldest known brain discovered was found in how old of a person?	<text>The oldest known brain discovered was found in how old of a person?</text><reasoning>The oldest brain to have been discovered was in Armenia in the Areni-1 cave complex. The brain, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, was found in the skull of a 12 to 14-year-old girl. Although the brains were shriveled, they we...
The oldest brain found in a cave was from what gender of human?	<text>The oldest brain found in a cave was from what gender of human?</text><reasoning>The oldest brain to have been discovered was in Armenia in the Areni-1 cave complex. The brain, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, was found in the skull of a 12 to 14-year-old girl. Although the brains were shriveled, they were w...
There are two types of sleep called what?	<text>There are two types of sleep called what?</text><reasoning>Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two t...
What type of sleep involves dreaming?	<text>What type of sleep involves dreaming?</text><reasoning>Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two types...
The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what?	<text>The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what?</text><reasoning>Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very dif...
Slow wave sleep is also known as what?	<text>Slow wave sleep is also known as what?</text><reasoning>Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two type...
During what stage of sleep do serotonin and norepinephrine levels drop?	<text>During what stage of sleep do serotonin and norepinephrine levels drop?</text><reasoning>Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become v...
Where does the brain usually get most of its energy from inside the body?	<text>Where does the brain usually get most of its energy from inside the body?</text><reasoning>Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selec...
The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage?	<text>The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage?</text><reasoning>Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selec...
Other sources than glucose that provide energy to the brain are what?	<text>Other sources than glucose that provide energy to the brain are what?</text><reasoning>Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selection...
Most vertebrates usually devote how much metabolism to the brain?	<text>Most vertebrates usually devote how much metabolism to the brain?</text><reasoning>Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selection for...
Computational neuroscience is concerned with what two studies?	<text>Computational neuroscience is concerned with what two studies?</text><reasoning>Computational neuroscience encompasses two approaches: first, the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation. On one hand, it is possible to write a computer program to simulate the operat...
The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?	<text>The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?</text><reasoning>A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological...
The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?	<text>The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?</text><reasoning>A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's centra...
Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?	<text>Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?</text><reasoning>A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's centra...