text stringlengths 1 717 | output stringlengths 116 17.8k |
|---|---|
What are genes that occur from duplication within an organism's genome called? | <text>What are genes that occur from duplication within an organism's genome called?</text><reasoning>Genes with a most recent common ancestor, and thus a shared evolutionary ancestry, are known as homologs. These genes appear either from gene duplication within an organism's genome, where they are known as paralogous ... |
When are genes expressed? | <text>When are genes expressed?</text><reasoning>Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g. available nutrients, temperature and other stresses), its inter... |
What are examples of a cell's external environment? | <text>What are examples of a cell's external environment?</text><reasoning>Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g. available nutrients, temperature and ... |
What are examples of a cell's internal environment? | <text>What are examples of a cell's internal environment?</text><reasoning>Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g. available nutrients, temperature and ... |
At which step can gene expression be regulated? | <text>At which step can gene expression be regulated?</text><reasoning>Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g. available nutrients, temperature and othe... |
What example of post-translational modification of a protein was first described in 1961? | <text>What example of post-translational modification of a protein was first described in 1961?</text><reasoning>Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g.... |
When can an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over sometimes occur? | <text>When can an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over sometimes occur?</text><reasoning>During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the corresponding ... |
If the alleles on the chromatids are the same, what effect arises from genetic recombination? | <text>If the alleles on the chromatids are the same, what effect arises from genetic recombination?</text><reasoning>During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the c... |
If the alleles on the chromatids are different, what effect arises from genetic recombination? | <text>If the alleles on the chromatids are different, what effect arises from genetic recombination?</text><reasoning>During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the ... |
Each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes according to what Mendelian principle? | <text>Each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes according to what Mendelian principle?</text><reasoning>During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped wit... |
In genetic linkage, what sort of point is extremely unlikely to occur? | <text>In genetic linkage, what sort of point is extremely unlikely to occur?</text><reasoning>During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the corresponding sister chr... |
Where can alleles be located in order to be either dominant or recessive? | <text>Where can alleles be located in order to be either dominant or recessive?</text><reasoning>Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding ... |
When paired with any other allele for the same trait, what do dominant alleles give rise to? | <text>When paired with any other allele for the same trait, what do dominant alleles give rise to?</text><reasoning>Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to t... |
When do recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype? | <text>When do recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype?</text><reasoning>Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phen... |
When do alleles assort independently? | <text>When do alleles assort independently?</text><reasoning>Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype only when paired with anot... |
What are gametes? | <text>What are gametes?</text><reasoning>Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype only when paired with another copy of the same... |
What is the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction known as? | <text>What is the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction known as?</text><reasoning>Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to cont... |
In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer a common source of new genes? | <text>In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer a common source of new genes?</text><reasoning>Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more t... |
What is one trait that horizontal gene transfer is a common means of spreading? | <text>What is one trait that horizontal gene transfer is a common means of spreading?</text><reasoning>Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to g... |
In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer rare? | <text>In what type of organism is horizontal gene transfer rare?</text><reasoning>Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than... |
What is one example of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes? | <text>What is one example of horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes?</text><reasoning>Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation ... |
For what sort of organisms is the embryo normally engineered? | <text>For what sort of organisms is the embryo normally engineered?</text><reasoning>For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism. However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat genetic d... |
What techniques can be used to alter the genomes of an adult organism to treat genetic disease? | <text>What techniques can be used to alter the genomes of an adult organism to treat genetic disease?</text><reasoning>For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism. However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene the... |
What part of the organism is usually created which becomes a developed genetically altered organism? | <text>What part of the organism is usually created which becomes a developed genetically altered organism?</text><reasoning>For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism. However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gen... |
What can be changed in an adult organism using gene therapy techniques? | <text>What can be changed in an adult organism using gene therapy techniques?</text><reasoning>For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism. However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat... |
What can be treated using genetic engineering? | <text>What can be treated using genetic engineering?</text><reasoning>For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism. However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat genetic diseases.</reaso... |
The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for what? | <text>The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for what?</text><reasoning>The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance, and the link between the classical and molecul... |
Why do organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents? | <text>Why do organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents?</text><reasoning>The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance, and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. Organisms inherit the characteri... |
In what type of organism will the offspring be a genetic copy or clone of the parent organism? | <text>In what type of organism will the offspring be a genetic copy or clone of the parent organism?</text><reasoning>The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance, and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. ... |
In what type of organism will a specialized form of cell division called meiosis produce cells called gametes? | <text>In what type of organism will a specialized form of cell division called meiosis produce cells called gametes?</text><reasoning>The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance, and the link between the classical and molecular pic... |
What are the gametes produced by females called? | <text>What are the gametes produced by females called?</text><reasoning>The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance, and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. Organisms inherit the characteristics of their... |
What are mutations that have no effect on an organism's phenotype called? | <text>What are mutations that have no effect on an organism's phenotype called?</text><reasoning>Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous m... |
What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called? | <text>What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called?</text><reasoning>Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous mutat... |
What are mutations that lead to amino acid sequence changes but leave the protein functioning similarly called? | <text>What are mutations that lead to amino acid sequence changes but leave the protein functioning similarly called?</text><reasoning>Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons en... |
What is a result of deleterious mutations? | <text>What is a result of deleterious mutations?</text><reasoning>Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous mutations). Other mutations can ... |
When was a coup d'etat staged? | <text>When was a coup d'etat staged?</text><reasoning>On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitiona... |
Who staged the coup d'etat? | <text>Who staged the coup d'etat?</text><reasoning>On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional p... |
Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat? | <text>Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?</text><reasoning>On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the... |
Who did Kuruma negotiate with? | <text>Who did Kuruma negotiate with?</text><reasoning>On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitiona... |
What was Kuruma's former position? | <text>What was Kuruma's former position?</text><reasoning>On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transit... |
What is the most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages? | <text>What is the most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages?</text><reasoning>The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function. S... |
What creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome? | <text>What creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome?</text><reasoning>The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function.... |
What are the genes that result from eukaryotic gene duplication called? | <text>What are the genes that result from eukaryotic gene duplication called?</text><reasoning>The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in functio... |
What type of copy can gene duplication sometimes result in? | <text>What type of copy can gene duplication sometimes result in?</text><reasoning>The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function. Sets of g... |
How much of the population lives below the poverty line? | <text>How much of the population lives below the poverty line?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture;... |
What are Guinea-Bissau's major exports? | <text>What are Guinea-Bissau's major exports?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, cashew nut... |
What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world? | <text>What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depend... |
For what index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest on earth? | <text>For what index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest on earth?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on... |
What area depends on agriculture in Guinea-Bissau? | <text>What area depends on agriculture in Guinea-Bissau?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish,... |
What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism? | <text>What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism?</text><reasoning>Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. O... |
What does the definition of essential genes assume an absence of? | <text>What does the definition of essential genes assume an absence of?</text><reasoning>Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an... |
How many genes are essential for Escherichia coli? | <text>How many genes are essential for Escherichia coli?</text><reasoning>Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an organism's gen... |
What fraction of Escherichia coli's essential genes are orthologs? | <text>What fraction of Escherichia coli's essential genes are orthologs?</text><reasoning>Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of a... |
How many essential genes does Saccharomyces cerevisiae have? | <text>How many essential genes does Saccharomyces cerevisiae have?</text><reasoning>Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an orga... |
What is one thing the cell must do once DNA replication is compete? | <text>What is one thing the cell must do once DNA replication is compete?</text><reasoning>After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells.:18.2 In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) this usually occurs via a relatively ... |
In binary fission, what shape is each genome? | <text>In binary fission, what shape is each genome?</text><reasoning>After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells.:18.2 In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) this usually occurs via a relatively simple process called ... |
In binary fission. when does each genome separate into daughter cells? | <text>In binary fission. when does each genome separate into daughter cells?</text><reasoning>After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells.:18.2 In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) this usually occurs via a relative... |
Compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes, with what speed does binary fission occur? | <text>Compared to the rates of cell division in eukaryotes, with what speed does binary fission occur?</text><reasoning>After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells.:18.2 In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) this usu... |
What is the official name for Guinea-Bissau? | <text>What is the official name for Guinea-Bissau?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau (i/ˈɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/, GI-nee-bi-SOW), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: República da Guiné-Bissau, pronounced: [ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) w... |
Where is Guinea-Bissau located? | <text>Where is Guinea-Bissau located?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau (i/ˈɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/, GI-nee-bi-SOW), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: República da Guiné-Bissau, pronounced: [ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estima... |
How many square miles is Guinea-Bissau? | <text>How many square miles is Guinea-Bissau?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau (i/ˈɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/, GI-nee-bi-SOW), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: República da Guiné-Bissau, pronounced: [ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with a... |
What is the estimated population of Guinea-Bissau? | <text>What is the estimated population of Guinea-Bissau?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau (i/ˈɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/, GI-nee-bi-SOW), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: República da Guiné-Bissau, pronounced: [ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq... |
How many kilometers does Guinea-Bissau cover? | <text>How many kilometers does Guinea-Bissau cover?</text><reasoning>Guinea-Bissau (i/ˈɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/, GI-nee-bi-SOW), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: República da Guiné-Bissau, pronounced: [ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) ... |
Where are the majority of eukaryotic genes stored? | <text>Where are the majority of eukaryotic genes stored?</text><reasoning>The majority of eukaryotic genes are stored on a set of large, linear chromosomes. The chromosomes are packed within the nucleus in complex with storage proteins called histones to form a unit called a nucleosome. DNA packaged and condensed in th... |
Chromosomes that are packed within the nucleus in complex with histones are called what? | <text>Chromosomes that are packed within the nucleus in complex with histones are called what?</text><reasoning>The majority of eukaryotic genes are stored on a set of large, linear chromosomes. The chromosomes are packed within the nucleus in complex with storage proteins called histones to form a unit called a nucleo... |
What does the manner of DNA storage on the histone and the chemical modifications of the histone itself regulate? | <text>What does the manner of DNA storage on the histone and the chemical modifications of the histone itself regulate?</text><reasoning>The majority of eukaryotic genes are stored on a set of large, linear chromosomes. The chromosomes are packed within the nucleus in complex with storage proteins called histones to fo... |
What are replication origins? | <text>What are replication origins?</text><reasoning>The majority of eukaryotic genes are stored on a set of large, linear chromosomes. The chromosomes are packed within the nucleus in complex with storage proteins called histones to form a unit called a nucleosome. DNA packaged and condensed in this way is called chro... |
Long stretches of repetitive sequence that cap the ends of the linear chromosomes are called what? | <text>Long stretches of repetitive sequence that cap the ends of the linear chromosomes are called what?</text><reasoning>The majority of eukaryotic genes are stored on a set of large, linear chromosomes. The chromosomes are packed within the nucleus in complex with storage proteins called histones to form a unit calle... |
When was independence declared? | <text>When was independence declared?</text><reasoning>Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.</reasoning><output>24 September 1973</output> |
What date was independence considered universal? | <text>What date was independence considered universal?</text><reasoning>Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.</reasoning><output>25 April 1974</outpu... |
What event caused the recognition to be universal? | <text>What event caused the recognition to be universal?</text><reasoning>Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.</reasoning><output>socialist-inspired... |
Where did a coup take place? | <text>Where did a coup take place?</text><reasoning>Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.</reasoning><output>Portugal</output> |
Who was overthrown in the coup? | <text>Who was overthrown in the coup?</text><reasoning>Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.</reasoning><output>Lisbon's Estado Novo regime</output> |
What sort of definition can be used to conveniently encompass the complexity of diverse phenomena? | <text>What sort of definition can be used to conveniently encompass the complexity of diverse phenomena?</text><reasoning>A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentiall... |
What is the broad operational definition of a gene? | <text>What is the broad operational definition of a gene?</text><reasoning>A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. This definit... |
What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by? | <text>What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by?</text><reasoning>A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. ... |
What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by? | <text>What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by?</text><reasoning>A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional pr... |
What does the broad operational definition of a gene classify as gene-associated regions? | <text>What does the broad operational definition of a gene classify as gene-associated regions?</text><reasoning>A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlap... |
What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese? | <text>What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese?</text><reasoning>Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African ... |
What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo? | <text>What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo?</text><reasoning>Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African lan... |
What are the two main religions? | <text>What are the two main religions?</text><reasoning>Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The main ... |
What is their gross domestic product status? | <text>What is their gross domestic product status?</text><reasoning>Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African language... |
What is the minority religion? | <text>What is the minority religion?</text><reasoning>Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The main re... |
What type of genes are necessary for performing basic cell functions? | <text>What type of genes are necessary for performing basic cell functions?</text><reasoning>Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental control... |
At what relative level are housekeeping genes expressed at? | <text>At what relative level are housekeeping genes expressed at?</text><reasoning>Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when ana... |
When investigating gene expression, what type of genes are used as a control for experiments? | <text>When investigating gene expression, what type of genes are used as a control for experiments?</text><reasoning>Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used... |
How are some essential genes regulated? | <text>How are some essential genes regulated?</text><reasoning>Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expressi... |
When are some essential genes expressed? | <text>When are some essential genes expressed?</text><reasoning>Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene express... |
What has become a common research tool with model organisms? | <text>What has become a common research tool with model organisms?</text><reasoning>Genetic engineering is now a routine research tool with model organisms. For example, genes are easily added to bacteria and lineages of knockout mice with a specific gene's function disrupted are used to investigate that gene's functio... |
What do scientists explore by adding genes to mice with a certain gene's function disrupted? | <text>What do scientists explore by adding genes to mice with a certain gene's function disrupted?</text><reasoning>Genetic engineering is now a routine research tool with model organisms. For example, genes are easily added to bacteria and lineages of knockout mice with a specific gene's function disrupted are used to... |
What is an application for which organisms have been modified for? | <text>What is an application for which organisms have been modified for?</text><reasoning>Genetic engineering is now a routine research tool with model organisms. For example, genes are easily added to bacteria and lineages of knockout mice with a specific gene's function disrupted are used to investigate that gene's f... |
What is another for which organisms have been modified for? | <text>What is another for which organisms have been modified for?</text><reasoning>Genetic engineering is now a routine research tool with model organisms. For example, genes are easily added to bacteria and lineages of knockout mice with a specific gene's function disrupted are used to investigate that gene's functio... |
What is yet another application for which organisms have been modified for? | <text>What is yet another application for which organisms have been modified for?</text><reasoning>Genetic engineering is now a routine research tool with model organisms. For example, genes are easily added to bacteria and lineages of knockout mice with a specific gene's function disrupted are used to investigate tha... |
In what form do some viruses store their entire genome? | <text>In what form do some viruses store their entire genome?</text><reasoning>Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infected and without the delay in waiting for ... |
Why do the cellular hosts of some viruses not have to wait for transcription to synthesize their proteins? | <text>Why do the cellular hosts of some viruses not have to wait for transcription to synthesize their proteins?</text><reasoning>Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they... |
What is one type of an RNA retrovirus? | <text>What is one type of an RNA retrovirus?</text><reasoning>Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infected and without the delay in waiting for transcription. On... |
What sort of transcription does the genome of HIV require before its proteins can be synthesized? | <text>What sort of transcription does the genome of HIV require before its proteins can be synthesized?</text><reasoning>Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infe... |
Besides viruses, where has RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance been observed? | <text>Besides viruses, where has RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance been observed?</text><reasoning>Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infected and without the... |
What is a gene whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes called? | <text>What is a gene whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes called?</text><reasoning>De novo or "orphan" genes, whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes, are extremely rare. Estimates of the number of de novo genes in the human genome range from 18 to 60. Such genes are typically shorter and s... |
What is the estimate of the number of orphan genes in the human genome? | <text>What is the estimate of the number of orphan genes in the human genome?</text><reasoning>De novo or "orphan" genes, whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes, are extremely rare. Estimates of the number of de novo genes in the human genome range from 18 to 60. Such genes are typically shorter and simpl... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.