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What groups began to appear in northern Italy and southern France during the 11th century? | <text>What groups began to appear in northern Italy and southern France during the 11th century?</text><reasoning>In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines ... |
What is the title of the book published by Robert T. Bakker regarding mainstream opinion of dinosaurs? | <text>What is the title of the book published by Robert T. Bakker regarding mainstream opinion of dinosaurs?</text><reasoning>The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. "I have enormous respect for dinosaur pal... |
What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the paleontologist community regarding the last fifty years? | <text>What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the paleontologist community regarding the last fifty years?</text><reasoning>The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. "I have enormous respect for dinosa... |
What film did Robert T. Bakker's book reportedly influence? | <text>What film did Robert T. Bakker's book reportedly influence?</text><reasoning>The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. "I have enormous respect for dinosaur paleontologists past and present. But on avera... |
What type of poses did the book's illustrations portray dinosaurs as? | <text>What type of poses did the book's illustrations portray dinosaurs as?</text><reasoning>The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. "I have enormous respect for dinosaur paleontologists past and present. Bu... |
What label is associated with Robert T. Bakker as a result of his work? | <text>What label is associated with Robert T. Bakker as a result of his work?</text><reasoning>The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. "I have enormous respect for dinosaur paleontologists past and present. ... |
Who was the first Christian individual to be sentenced to death by the church for heresy in Rome? | <text>Who was the first Christian individual to be sentenced to death by the church for heresy in Rome?</text><reasoning>Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and pu... |
What happened to the people that sentenced Priscillian to death? | <text>What happened to the people that sentenced Priscillian to death?</text><reasoning>Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and put to death with four or five foll... |
What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation? | <text>What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation?</text><reasoning>Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and p... |
Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church? | <text>Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church?</text><reasoning>Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorc... |
From what passage is cited as being one of the first known examples of using the word heresy? | <text>From what passage is cited as being one of the first known examples of using the word heresy?</text><reasoning>Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and put to... |
What is the name of the novel written by Ibn Tufail? | <text>What is the name of the novel written by Ibn Tufail?</text><reasoning>In early 12th-century al-Andalus, the Arabian philosopher, Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), wrote discussions on materialism in his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), while vaguely foreshadowing the idea of a historical mat... |
Who was the Soviet minister who proposed German reunification? | <text>Who was the Soviet minister who proposed German reunification?</text><reasoning>The Soviet request to join NATO arose in the aftermath of the Berlin Conference of January–February 1954. Soviet foreign minister Molotov made proposals to have Germany reunified and elections for a pan-German government, under condit... |
When was reunification first proposed as an idea? | <text>When was reunification first proposed as an idea?</text><reasoning>The Soviet request to join NATO arose in the aftermath of the Berlin Conference of January–February 1954. Soviet foreign minister Molotov made proposals to have Germany reunified and elections for a pan-German government, under conditions of withd... |
April 12, in the USSR, is what special day? | <text>April 12, in the USSR, is what special day?</text><reasoning>Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was... |
What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations? | <text>What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations?</text><reasoning>Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to t... |
Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year? | <text>Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year?</text><reasoning>Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and it... |
What did he say that the brain would decide? | <text>What did he say that the brain would decide?</text><reasoning>Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particul... |
Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta. | <text>Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta.</text><reasoning>Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. Wh... |
Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400? | <text>Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400?</text><reasoning>Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400... |
What is Sarva-darśana-samgraha? | <text>What is Sarva-darśana-samgraha?</text><reasoning>Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya ... |
Who wrote the Sarva-darśana-samgraha? | <text>Who wrote the Sarva-darśana-samgraha?</text><reasoning>Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavac... |
The speech by Kennedy, "Special Message on Urgent National Needs" was delivered on what date? | <text>The speech by Kennedy, "Special Message on Urgent National Needs" was delivered on what date?</text><reasoning>Kennedy ultimately decided to pursue what became the Apollo program, and on May 25 took the opportunity to ask for Congressional support in a Cold War speech titled "Special Message on Urgent National Ne... |
Who was president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary? | <text>Who was president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary?</text><reasoning>In 1955, with both the United States and the Soviet Union building ballistic missiles that could be utilized to launch objects into space, the "starting line" was drawn for the Space Race. In separate announcements, just four days apart, b... |
The starting date for the Space Race was which date? | <text>The starting date for the Space Race was which date?</text><reasoning>In 1955, with both the United States and the Soviet Union building ballistic missiles that could be utilized to launch objects into space, the "starting line" was drawn for the Space Race. In separate announcements, just four days apart, both n... |
Digital physicists consider what to be more important than matter? | <text>Digital physicists consider what to be more important than matter?</text><reasoning>Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who ... |
Who led the Soviet rocket engineers | <text>Who led the Soviet rocket engineers</text><reasoning>The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons s... |
Where was Sergei Korolev imprisoned for six years? | <text>Where was Sergei Korolev imprisoned for six years?</text><reasoning>The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for f... |
What was his "secret" title after World War II? | <text>What was his "secret" title after World War II?</text><reasoning>The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for futu... |
The German rocket center was located in what city? | <text>The German rocket center was located in what city?</text><reasoning>The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for f... |
Who was in charge of the Soviet rocket engineer team that went into Germany? | <text>Who was in charge of the Soviet rocket engineer team that went into Germany?</text><reasoning>The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see wha... |
What year was Sergei Korolev arrested? | <text>What year was Sergei Korolev arrested?</text><reasoning>The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapon... |
Sergei Korolev died in what year? | <text>Sergei Korolev died in what year?</text><reasoning>The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvage for future weapons sys... |
After the war, Sergei Korolev was known under what title? | <text>After the war, Sergei Korolev was known under what title?</text><reasoning>The German rocket center in Peenemünde was located in the eastern part of Germany, which became the Soviet zone of occupation. On Stalin's orders, the Soviet Union sent its best rocket engineers to this region to see what they could salvag... |
What event in England during the 16th century had an outcome of many deaths for heresy? | <text>What event in England during the 16th century had an outcome of many deaths for heresy?</text><reasoning>In England, the 16th-century European Reformation resulted in a number of executions on charges of heresy. During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestants, were ex... |
During what king's reign did 60 Protestants die for heresy? | <text>During what king's reign did 60 Protestants die for heresy?</text><reasoning>In England, the 16th-century European Reformation resulted in a number of executions on charges of heresy. During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestants, were executed and a rather greater ... |
What two notable figures are cited to have perished for refusing to give up the Church in England? | <text>What two notable figures are cited to have perished for refusing to give up the Church in England?</text><reasoning>In England, the 16th-century European Reformation resulted in a number of executions on charges of heresy. During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestan... |
Under which king were the heresy laws repealed in 1547? | <text>Under which king were the heresy laws repealed in 1547?</text><reasoning>In England, the 16th-century European Reformation resulted in a number of executions on charges of heresy. During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestants, were executed and a rather greater numb... |
In what year was the last known person sentenced to death in England for heresy? | <text>In what year was the last known person sentenced to death in England for heresy?</text><reasoning>In England, the 16th-century European Reformation resulted in a number of executions on charges of heresy. During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestants, were executed ... |
Materialism is linked to what? | <text>Materialism is linked to what?</text><reasoning>Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description — typically, at a... |
What are some of the findings that support their argument? | <text>What are some of the findings that support their argument?</text><reasoning>Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin an... |
What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins? | <text>What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins?</text><reasoning>Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, G... |
Relativity illustrates that what is interchangeable? | <text>Relativity illustrates that what is interchangeable?</text><reasoning>One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeable. ... |
Ontological theory suggests that what is the main substance? | <text>Ontological theory suggests that what is the main substance?</text><reasoning>One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchan... |
Quantum field theory suggest what is the main substance? | <text>Quantum field theory suggest what is the main substance?</text><reasoning>One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeab... |
In which year did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact? | <text>In which year did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact?</text><reasoning>In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death... |
Who was the head of the Hungarian government at the time of the revolt? | <text>Who was the head of the Hungarian government at the time of the revolt?</text><reasoning>In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading ... |
A Jupiter-C was launched by Von Braum on what date? | <text>A Jupiter-C was launched by Von Braum on what date?</text><reasoning>Initially, President Eisenhower was worried that a satellite passing above a nation at over 100 kilometers (62 mi), might be construed as violating that nation's sovereign airspace. He was concerned that the Soviet Union would accuse the America... |
Who wrote "The Essence of Christianity"? | <text>Who wrote "The Essence of Christianity"?</text><reasoning>The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. ... |
In what year was "The Essence of Christianity" written? | <text>In what year was "The Essence of Christianity" written?</text><reasoning>The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's ... |
What did the author of "The Essence of Christianity" consider religion to be? | <text>What did the author of "The Essence of Christianity" consider religion to be?</text><reasoning>The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outwar... |
The author's ideas would later influence what well known philosopher? | <text>The author's ideas would later influence what well known philosopher?</text><reasoning>The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projec... |
Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what? | <text>Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what?</text><reasoning>With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materiali... |
If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what? | <text>If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what?</text><reasoning>An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective pe... |
What class does materialism belong to? | <text>What class does materialism belong to?</text><reasoning>Materialism belongs to the class of monist ontology. As such, it is different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism. For singular explanations of the phenomenal reality, materialism would be in contrast to idealism, neutral monism, and spir... |
Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what? | <text>Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what?</text><reasoning>According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this ... |
Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism? | <text>Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism?</text><reasoning>Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicis... |
In which year did Poland declassify most of its Warsaw Pact-era archives? | <text>In which year did Poland declassify most of its Warsaw Pact-era archives?</text><reasoning>In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publica... |
How many documents remain classified? | <text>How many documents remain classified?</text><reasoning>In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 documents, pending their... |
What was the name of the Warsaw Pact's planned counteroffensive to a NATO first strike? | <text>What was the name of the Warsaw Pact's planned counteroffensive to a NATO first strike?</text><reasoning>In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government re... |
How many nuclear weapons were eventually housed in Poland? | <text>How many nuclear weapons were eventually housed in Poland?</text><reasoning>In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 doc... |
In which year was the counteroffensive strategy first conceived? | <text>In which year was the counteroffensive strategy first conceived?</text><reasoning>In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 1... |
Pierre Gassendi lived from what year to what year? | <text>Pierre Gassendi lived from what year to what year?</text><reasoning>The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist a... |
René Descartes lived from what year to what year? | <text>René Descartes lived from what year to what year?</text><reasoning>The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist ab... |
abbé Jean Meslier lived from what year to what year? | <text>abbé Jean Meslier lived from what year to what year?</text><reasoning>The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist... |
Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year? | <text>Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year?</text><reasoning>The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abb... |
William Wordsworth lived from what year to what year? | <text>William Wordsworth lived from what year to what year?</text><reasoning>The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheis... |
After World War II what did the American, English and Soviet allies want to capture? | <text>After World War II what did the American, English and Soviet allies want to capture?</text><reasoning>At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of ... |
What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun? | <text>What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun?</text><reasoning>At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the... |
The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip? | <text>The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip?</text><reasoning>At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the Allies capt... |
What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914? | <text>What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914?</text><reasoning>The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended Wor... |
Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year? | <text>Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year?</text><reasoning>The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended World War I. He... |
Neoplatonism describes divinity as what? | <text>Neoplatonism describes divinity as what?</text><reasoning>In contrast, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, taught: "There is no such thing as immaterial matter. All spirit is matter, but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We cannot see it; but when our bodies... |
Which religious group strongly opposed the idea of Neoplatonism? | <text>Which religious group strongly opposed the idea of Neoplatonism?</text><reasoning>In contrast, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, taught: "There is no such thing as immaterial matter. All spirit is matter, but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We cannot see... |
What year was the R1 rocket born? | <text>What year was the R1 rocket born?</text><reasoning>After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missil... |
The United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where? | <text>The United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where?</text><reasoning>Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American... |
Von Braun and his associates were sent to United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year? | <text>Von Braun and his associates were sent to United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year?</text><reasoning>Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launc... |
The first two-stage rocket was developed in what year? | <text>The first two-stage rocket was developed in what year?</text><reasoning>Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in th... |
The Army's new Redstone Arsenal is located in what city and state? | <text>The Army's new Redstone Arsenal is located in what city and state?</text><reasoning>Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American eng... |
What year was the German rocket team moved to Alabama? | <text>What year was the German rocket team moved to Alabama?</text><reasoning>Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in th... |
In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize? | <text>In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize?</text><reasoning>Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts o... |
The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when? | <text>The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when?</text><reasoning>On October 21, 1959, Eisenhower approved the transfer of the Army's remaining space-related activities to NASA. On July 1, 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, with von Braun a... |
Who was the first director in charge of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center? | <text>Who was the first director in charge of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center?</text><reasoning>On October 21, 1959, Eisenhower approved the transfer of the Army's remaining space-related activities to NASA. On July 1, 1960, the Redstone Arsenal became NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, with von ... |
What is hyle? | <text>What is hyle?</text><reasoning>The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylom... |
Which model suggests that matter is 5% of the universe? | <text>Which model suggests that matter is 5% of the universe?</text><reasoning>According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the "matter" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of... |
What type of matter does the model consider it to be? | <text>What type of matter does the model consider it to be?</text><reasoning>According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the "matter" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of d... |
What was von Braun's role in the army's rocket program during during World War II? | <text>What was von Braun's role in the army's rocket program during during World War II?</text><reasoning>During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of th... |
What was the name of the first vehicle to reach outer space? | <text>What was the name of the first vehicle to reach outer space?</text><reasoning>During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile pr... |
During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program? | <text>During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program?</text><reasoning>During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic mis... |
What was the first object to enter space? | <text>What was the first object to enter space?</text><reasoning>During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program. They would l... |
When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space? | <text>When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space?</text><reasoning>During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program. The... |
The formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by fears of which country rearming itself? | <text>The formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by fears of which country rearming itself?</text><reasoning>Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Ge... |
Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament? | <text>Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament?</text><reasoning>Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany... |
Who began developing the R-7 Semyorka rocket? | <text>Who began developing the R-7 Semyorka rocket?</text><reasoning>In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated stage... |
R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile? | <text>R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile?</text><reasoning>In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket inco... |
When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully? | <text>When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully?</text><reasoning>In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporate... |
The first satellite launched into space used what rocket? | <text>The first satellite launched into space used what rocket?</text><reasoning>In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorpo... |
How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII? | <text>How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII?</text><reasoning>For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, wh... |
The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year? | <text>The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year?</text><reasoning>For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the ... |
Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb? | <text>Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb?</text><reasoning>For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United St... |
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