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Although multicomponent working fluids have significant thermodynamic advantages over pure (single-component) ones, research and application keep focusing on pure working fluids. However, there are some typical examples for multicomponent based technologies such as Kalina cycle which uses water and ammonia mixture, or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nuclear fallout is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast, so called because it "falls out" of the sky after the explosion and the shock wave has passed. It commonly refers to the radioactive dust and ash created when a nuclear weapon explodes. The amount and spr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microbial dark matter comprises the vast majority of microbial organisms (usually bacteria and archaea) that microbiologists are unable to culture in the laboratory, due to lack of knowledge or ability to supply the required growth conditions. Microbial dark matter is unrelated to the dark matter of physics and cosmolo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subunit vaccines contain fragments of the pathogen, such as protein or polysaccharide, whose combinations are carefully selected to induce a strong and effective immune response.
Because the immune system interacts with the pathogen in a limited way, the risk of side effects is minimal.
An effective vaccine would elici... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A splice site is the border between an exon and intron in a gene. These sites contain a particular sequence motif, which is necessary for recognition and processing by the RNA splicing machinery.
The S&S algorithm uses sliding windows of eight nucleotides, corresponding to the length of the splice site sequence motif, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transfer RNA-like structures (tRNA-like structures) are RNA sequences, which have a similar tertiary structure to tRNA; they frequently contain a pseudoknot close to the 3' end. The presence of tRNA-like structures has been demonstrated in many plant virus RNA genomes. These tRNA-like structures are linked to regulatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A pheromone trap is a type of insect trap that uses pheromones to lure insects. Sex pheromones and aggregating pheromones are the most common types used. A pheromone-impregnated lure, as the red rubber septa in the picture, is encased in a conventional trap such as a bottle trap, Delta trap, water-pan trap, or funnel ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alternatively, Simpson uses:
; Uninervous: Central midrib with no lateral veins (microphyllous), seen in the non-seed bearing tracheophytes, such as horsetails
; Dichotomous: Veins successively branching into equally sized veins from a common point, forming a Y junction, fanning out. Amongst temperate woody plants, Gin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Janssen was born in Paris (During Bourbon Restoration in France) into a cultivated family. His father, Antoine César Janssen (born in Paris, 1780 – 1860) was a well known clarinettist from Dutch/Belgian descent (his father emigrated from Walloon Brabant to Paris). His mother Pauline Marie Le Moyne (1789 – 1871) was a d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The solvents are grouped into nonpolar, polar aprotic, and polar protic solvents, with each group ordered by increasing polarity. The properties of solvents which exceed those of water are bolded.
The ACS Green Chemistry Institute maintains a tool for the selection of solvents based on a principal component analysis of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The AFM has been applied to problems in a wide range of disciplines of the natural sciences, including solid-state physics, semiconductor science and technology, molecular engineering, polymer chemistry and physics, surface chemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and medicine.
Applications in the field of solid sta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Until 1951, it was not possible to obtain the absolute configuration of chiral compounds. It was at some time decided that (+)-glyceraldehyde was the -enantiomer. The configuration of other chiral compounds was then related to that of (+)-glyceraldehyde by sequences of chemical reactions. For example, oxidation of (+)-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1990, researchers identified the first HIV bNAb, far more powerful than any antibody seen before. They described the exact viral component, or epitope that triggered the antibody. Six amino acids at the tip of HIV's surface protein, gp120, were responsible. The first bNAb turned out to be clinically irrelevant, but ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbonate esters undergo many of the reactions of conventional carboxylic acid esters. With Grignard reagents carbonate esters react to give tertiary alcohols. Some cyclic carbonates are susceptible to polymerization. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, if an excitatory synapse is strong enough, an action potential in the presynaptic neuron will trigger an action potential in the postsynaptic cell. In many cases the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) will not reach the threshold for eliciting an action potential. When action potentials from multiple ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electric arc guns operate at low voltages (below 45 V dc), but at relatively high currents. They may be safely hand-held. The power supply units are connected to 440 V AC sources, and must be treated with caution. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As an endorheic basin, the Caspian Sea basin has no natural connection with the ocean. Since the medieval period, traders reached the Caspian via a number of portages that connected the Volga and its tributaries with the Don River (which flows into the Sea of Azov) and various rivers that flow into the Baltic Sea. Prim... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One study estimated the rate of transposition of a particular retrotransposon, the Ty1 element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using several assumptions, the rate of successful transposition event per single Ty1 element came out to be about once every few months to once every few years. Some TEs contain heat-shock like pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The branched-chain fatty acid synthesizing system uses α-keto acids as primers. This system is distinct from the branched-chain fatty acid synthetase that utilizes short-chain acyl-CoA esters as primers. α-Keto acid primers are derived from the transamination and decarboxylation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine to fo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The optimal conditions for TMM cycloadditions depend on both the TMM source and two-atom component. However, a few general principles for each of the TMM sources have emerged.
Reactions of diazenes should employ degassed solvents to avoid radical reactions with oxygen. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) at reflux is the most common... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sea and desert birds have been found to have a salt gland near the nostrils which concentrates brine, later to be "sneezed" out to the sea, in effect allowing these birds to drink seawater without the need to find freshwater resources. It also enables the seabirds to remove the excess salt entering the body when eating... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Cotton effect in physics, is the characteristic change in optical rotatory dispersion and/or circular dichroism in the vicinity of an absorption band of a substance.
In a wavelength region where the light is absorbed, the absolute magnitude of the optical rotation at first varies rapidly with wavelength, crosses ze... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arsenic is reported to cause DNA modifications such as aneuploidy, micronuclei formation, chromosome abnormality, deletion mutations, sister chromatid exchange and crosslinking of DNA with proteins. It has been demonstrated that arsenic does not directly interact with DNA and it is considered a poor mutagen, but instea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An amylase () is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin ) into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sw... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The GC-ratio within a genome is found to be markedly variable. These variations in GC-ratio within the genomes of more complex organisms result in a mosaic-like formation with islet regions called isochores. This results in the variations in staining intensity in chromosomes. GC-rich isochores typically include many pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Advantages of HPTLC:
* Provides straightforward information about effects arising from individual compounds in complex or natural samples separated in parallel.
* Combines chromatographic separation with effect-directed detection using enzymatic or biological assays.
* Helps to select important compounds from a sample ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mice with mutant carboxypeptidase E, Cpe, display endocrine disorders like obesity and infertility. In some strains of mice, the fat mutation also causes hyperproinsulinemia in adult male mice, but this is not found in all strains of mice. The obesity and infertility in the Cpe mice develop with age; young mice ( mice... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In photo-reflectance, the sample's internal electric field is modulated by the photo-injection of electron-hole pairs (thus reducing the latent field). In order to achieve photo-injection, the energy of photons in the pump beam must exceed the band gap of material within the sample. Furthermore, semiconductors with li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brill made various trips to the Middle East, including accompanying Theodore Wertimes 1968 survey of the ancient technologies of Iran, alongside other great minds such as the noted ceramicist, Frederick Matson (UCL Institute for Archaeo-Metallurgical Studies 2007). In the years 1963-1964, the Corning Museum of Glass an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Scribing is the removal of maskant on the areas to be etched. For decorative applications, this is often done by hand through the use of a scribing knife, etching needle or similar tool; modern industrial applications may involve an operator scribing with the aid of a template or use computer numerical control to autom... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shown below is a retrosynthetic analysis of phenylacetic acid:
In planning the synthesis, two synthons are identified. A nucleophilic "-COOH" group, and an electrophilic "PhCH" group. Both synthons do not exist as written; synthetic equivalents corresponding to the synthons are reacted to produce the desired product. I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Huntington's disease (HD) results from a mutation in the huntingtin gene that causes an excess of CAG repeats. The gene then forms a mutated huntingtin protein with polyglutamine repeats near the amino terminus. This disease is incurable and known to cause motor, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. Researchers have bee... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ion–dipole and ion–induced dipole forces are similar to dipole–dipole and dipole–induced dipole interactions but involve ions, instead of only polar and non-polar molecules. Ion–dipole and ion–induced dipole forces are stronger than dipole–dipole interactions because the charge of any ion is much greater than the charg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Magnetic inequivalence may occur with two symmetry-related H-C-C-H fragments (where the different subscripts indicate chemical inequivalence) that may or may not be contiguous. In order to distinguish the resulting coupling relationships, the symmetry-related pair would be labelled H-C-C-H. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A fundamental property of Oseens equation is that the general solution can be split into longitudinal and transversal' waves.
A solution is a longitudinal wave if the velocity is irrotational and hence the viscous term drops out. The equations become
In consequence
Velocity is derived from potential theory and pressur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Paper form: It is a strip of coloured paper which changes colour to red if the solution is acidic and to blue, if the solution is basic. The strip can be placed directly onto a surface of a wet substance or a few drops of the solution can be dropped onto the universal indicator using dropping equipment. If the test s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Three out of 10 advanced colorectal tumors had mutations leading to premature termination of the SFRP1 translation product. The mutations were two single-base deletions (26delG and 67delG) and a single-base change (G450A), which generates an in-frame stop codon. These three mutations were found within the first exon,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bilirubin di-glucuronide is a conjugated form of bilirubin formed in bilirubin metabolism. The hydrophilic character of bilirubin diglucuronide enables it to be water-soluble. It is pumped across the hepatic canalicular membrane into the bile by the transporter MRP2. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
See also: Extremophile
The ocean is home to a variety of marine organisms known as extremophiles - organisms that thrive in extreme conditions of temperature, pressure, and light availability. Extremophiles inhabit many unique habitats in the ocean, such as hydrothermal vents, black smokers, cold seeps, hypersaline reg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The proteins in these excitable domains of neuron when injured may result in cognitive disorders and various neuropathic ailments. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1980s, people with cystic fibrosis rarely lived beyond their early teens. Drugs like Pulmozyme and tobramycin, both developed with aid from the ODA, revolutionized treatment for cystic fibrosis patients by significantly improving their quality of life and extending their life expectancies. Now, cystic fibrosis p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tank leaching is usually differentiated from vat leaching on the following factors:
# In tank leaching the material is ground sufficiently fine to form a slurry or pulp, which can flow under gravity or when pumped. In vat leaching typically a coarser material is placed in the vat for leaching, this reduces the cost of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glutaminolysis takes place in all proliferating cells, such as lymphocytes, thymocytes, colonocytes, adipocytes and especially in tumor cells. Glutaminolysis has been targeted for therapeutic purposes. In tumor cells the citric acid cycle is truncated due to an inhibition of the enzyme aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3) by high co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The editor is Lisa Clatworthy. It has been available as an app for mobile devices which was discontinued in mid-2018. It has also trialled a blog, and occasional additional supplements published online. The magazine is published bimonthly in print and operates on "online first" publishing model which supersedes its pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
STRO-1 (Stro-1 in mouse, rat, etc.) is a gene for a protein marker of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Molecular mass of Stro-1 is 75kD. The name STRO-1 is firstly proposed in the 1990s as the name of an anti-CD34+-mesenchymal-stem-cell monoclonal antibody. The name "STRO-1" consists of STRO, which means mesenchyme, and "... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to some definitions, covalent hydrides cover all other compounds containing hydrogen. Some definitions limit hydrides to hydrogen centres that formally react as hydrides, i.e. are nucleophilic, and hydrogen atoms bound to metal centers. These hydrides are formed by all the true non-metals (except zero group e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*A 2-year program open to Chemical Engineering technicians with 3–5 years of professional experience.
*60 selected topical-courses delivered by the ENSIC Continuing Education Center. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the Cieplak effect is a predictive model to rationalize why nucleophiles preferentially add to one face of a carbonyl over another. Proposed by Andrzej Stanislaw Cieplak in 1980, it correctly predicts results that could not be justified by the other standard models at the time, such as the Cram an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ZLD processes begin with pre-treatment and evaporation of an industrial effluent until its dissolved solids precipitate. These precipitates are removed and dewatered with a filter press or a centrifuge. The water vapor from evaporation is condensed and returned to the process.
In the last few decades, there has been an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lugols solution is commonly available in different potencies of (nominal) 1%, 2%, 5% or 10%. Iodine concentrations greater than 2.2% are subject to US regulations. If the US regulations are taken literally, their 2.2% maximum iodine concentration limits a Lugols solution to maximum (nominal) 0.87%.
The most commonly us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry, a bridging ligand is a ligand that connects two or more atoms, usually metal ions. The ligand may be atomic or polyatomic. Virtually all complex organic compounds can serve as bridging ligands, so the term is usually restricted to small ligands such as pseudohalides or to ligands that are sp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chrysocolla (gold-solder, Greek ; Latin chrȳsocolla, oerugo, santerna; Syriac "tankar" (Bar Bahlul), alchemical symbol 🜸), also known as "goldsmith's solder" and "solder of Macedonia" (Pseudo-Democritus), denotes:
* The soldering of gold.
* The materials used for soldering gold, as well as certain gold alloys, still u... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another proposal is that the dual-molecule system we see today, where a nucleotide-based molecule is needed to synthesize protein, and a peptide-based (protein) molecule is needed to make nucleic acid polymers, represents the original form of life. This theory is called RNA-peptide coevolution, or the Peptide-RNA world... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
White-beam topography uses the full bandwidth of X-ray wavelengths in the incoming beam, without any wavelength filtering (no monochromator). The technique is particularly useful in combination with synchrotron radiation sources, due to their wide and continuous wavelength spectrum. In contrast to the monochromatic cas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physical therapy, occupational therapy, and athletic training, a goniometer measures range of motion of limbs and joints of the body. These measurements help accurately track progress in a rehabilitation program. When a patient has decreased range of motion, a therapist assesses the joint before performing an interv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Type I photooxygenation reactions are frequently used in the process of forming and trapping diradical species. Mirbach et al. reported on one such reaction in which an azo compound is lysed via photolysis to form the diradical hydrocarbon and then trapped in a stepwise fashion by molecular oxygen: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) are a family of proteins primarily involved in the regulation of inflammation, antiviral responses and apoptosis.
Currently, seven TRAF proteins have been characterized in mammals: TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF4, TRAF5, TRAF6 and TRAF7.
Except for TRAF7, these proteins share a relati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SBTi developed separate sector-specific methodologies, frameworks and requirements for different industries. As of December 2021, guidance is available for:
* Aviation
* Apparel and footwear
* Financial institutions
* Information and Communication Technology | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acetic anhydride is a major industrial chemical widely used for preparing acetate esters, e.g. cellulose acetate. Maleic anhydride is the precursor to various resins by copolymerization with styrene. Maleic anhydride is a dienophile in the Diels-Alder reaction.
Dianhydrides, molecules containing two acid anhydride func... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Haploid yeast switch mating type by replacing the information present at the MAT locus. For example, an a cell will switch to an α cell by replacing the MATa allele with the MATα allele. This replacement of one allele of MAT for the other is possible because yeast cells carry an additional silenced copy of both the MAT... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although ammonium bicarbonate has been utilized in the manufacturing of titanium foams, it is not an ideal spacer in that it has a low melting/dissociation point and some solubility in titanium. This results in considerable shrinkage which makes control of pore shape difficult. Furthermore, the decomposition releases e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1914, Polanyi wrote his first paper proposed on adsorption where he proposed a model for the adsorption of gas onto a solid surface. Afterwards, he published a fully developed paper in 1916, which included experimental verification by his students and other authors.
During his research in the University of Budapest,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photogeochemical reactions may be classified based on thermodynamics and/or the nature of the materials involved. In addition, when ambiguity exists regarding an analogous reaction involving light and living organisms (phototrophy), the term "photochemical" may be used to distinguish a particular abiotic reaction from ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nuclear medicine, also known as nucleology, is a medical specialty that uses radioactive substances to diagnose and treat diseases. Unlike traditional radiology, which records radiation transmitted through the body from external sources like X-ray generators, nuclear imaging records radiation emitted from within the bo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioplastics can be made from proteins from different sources. For example, wheat gluten and casein show promising properties as a raw material for different biodegradable polymers.
Additionally, soy protein is being considered as another source of bioplastic. Soy proteins have been used in plastic production for over o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is possible to form a bond between two carbons of (-) polarity by using an oxidant such as iodine. In this total synthesis of enterolactone, the 1,4- relationship of oxygen substituents is assembled by the oxidative homocoupling of a carboxylate enolate using iodine as the oxidant. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The secretion pattern of thyrotropin (TSH) is shaped by infradian, circadian and ultradian rhythms. Infradian rhythmis are mainly represented by circannual variation mirroring the seasonality of thyroid function. Circadian rhythms lead to a peak secretion (acrophase) around midnight and nadir concentrations around noon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a "reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative." Exothermic reactions usually release heat. The term is often confused with exergonic reaction, which IUPAC defines as "... a reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change ΔG⚬ is negat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cell engineering is the purposeful process of adding, deleting, or modifying genetic sequences in living cells to achieve biological engineering goals such as altering cell production, changing cell growth and proliferation requirements, adding or removing cell functions, and many more. Cell engineering often makes use... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrochemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescence produced during electrochemical reactions in solutions. In electrogenerated chemiluminescence, electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Suzanne A. Blum is an American professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. Blum works on mechanistic chemistry, most recently focusing on borylation reactions and the development of single-molecule and single-particle fluorescence microscopy to study organic chemistry and catalysis. She received the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology and biotechnology, a fluorescent tag, also known as a fluorescent label or fluorescent probe, is a molecule that is attached chemically to aid in the detection of a biomolecule such as a protein, antibody, or amino acid. Generally, fluorescent tagging, or labeling, uses a reactive derivative of a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gene therapy encapsulates many forms of adding different nucleic acids to a cell. Gene augmentation adds a new protein coding gene to a cell. One form of gene augmentiation is gene replacement therapy, a treatment for monogenic recessive disorders where a single gene is not functional an additional functional gene is a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The glyoxylate cycle, a variation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi. The glyoxylate cycle centers on the conversion of acetyl-CoA to succinate for the synthesis of carbohydrates. In microorganisms, the glyoxylate cycle allows cells to use two carb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Standard conditions for using NBS in allylic and/or benzylic bromination involves refluxing a solution of NBS in anhydrous CCl with a radical initiator—usually azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or benzoyl peroxide, irradiation, or both to effect radical initiation. The allylic and benzylic radical intermediates formed duri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In genetics, a super-enhancer is a region of the mammalian genome comprising multiple enhancers that is collectively bound by an array of transcription factor proteins to drive transcription of genes involved in cell identity. Because super-enhancers are frequently identified near genes important for controlling and d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An improvement on vibration, vibratory, and linear screeners, a tumbler screener uses elliptical action which aids in screening of even very fine material. As like panning for gold, the fine particles tend to stay towards the center and the larger go to the outside. It allows for segregation and unloads the screen surf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The aglycones of both phlorizin and dapagliflozin have weak inhibition effects on SGLT-1 and SGLT-2. Two synergistic forces are involved in binding of inhibitors to SGLTs. Different sugars on the aglycone will affect and change the orientation of it in the access vestibule because one of the forces involved in the bind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Single Liquid battery or the Alkali sulfur liquid battery was invented in 2013 by Pasidu Pallawela. According to World Intellectual property organisation WIPO Pasidu Pallawela and StorTera holds patent rights to this technology. This technology has been presented in several high-profile industrial energy conferenc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organosilicon chemistry, silyl enol ethers are a class of organic compounds that share the common functional group , composed of an enolate () bonded to a silane () through its oxygen end and an ethene group () as its carbon end. They are important intermediates in organic synthesis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
More than 100 ECS student chapters are located in major universities in all of these regions as well as Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, North America, South Africa, and Southern Asia. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are historical reports of acute hypervitaminosis from Arctic explorers consuming bearded seal or polar bear liver, both very rich sources of stored retinol, and there are also case reports of acute hypervitaminosis from consuming fish liver, but otherwise there is no risk from consuming too much via commonly cons... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2009, a Chinese cement company (in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province) was demolishing an old, unused cement plant and did not follow standards for handling radioactive materials. This caused some caesium-137 from a measuring instrument to be included with eight truckloads of scrap metal on its way to a steel mill, where t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Charge-exchange spectroscopy (abbreviated CES or CXS) is a technique commonly used in plasma diagnostics to analyze high-temperature controlled fusion plasmas. In fusion plasmas, the light elements tend to become fully ionized during operation, which makes it challenging to diagnose their properties using conventional ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure.
Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Clancy, L.J. (1975), Aerodynamics, Pitman Publishing Limited, London
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20060427140337/http://www.weather.com/glossary/v.html Weather Glossary]"' The Weather Channel Interactive, Inc.. 2004.
* "[http://www.tpub.com/content/aerographer/14010/css/14010_18.htm Vorticity]". Integrated Publis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGAM gene.
Maltase-glucoamylase is an alpha-glucosidase digestive enzyme. It consists of two subunits with differing substrate specificity. Recombinant enzyme studies have shown that its N-terminal catalytic domain has highest activity again... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Seeding a material is a concept used in fluid dynamics to describe the act of introducing specific particulates or other foreign substances into a stream of fluid being evaluated. An altered fluid will be described as having a seeded flow. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eva Smolková-Keulemansová, Weilová (27 April 1927 – 27 February 2024) was a survivor of Auschwitz, Neuengamme, and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps. After her liberation, she became a renowned Czech scientist and professor of analytical science at Charles University in Prague. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In October 2006, Finnish paper and pulp manufacturer UPM announced its plans to produce biodiesel by the Fischer–Tropsch process alongside the manufacturing processes at its European paper and pulp plants, using waste biomass resulting from paper and pulp manufacturing processes as source material. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the field of environmental science, adsorption is involved in many parts of technologies that can eliminate pollutants and governs the concentration of chemicals in soils and/or atmosphere. When studying pollutant degradation or the geochemical process, the pzc value related to adsorption has been examined. For exam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The BANA test (referring to the enzymatic breakdown of [N-benzoyl-dL-arginine-2-napthylamide]) is used to determine the proteolytic activity of certain oral anaerobes that contribute to oral malodor. Some bacteria, e.g. Prophyromona gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Bacteroides forsythus (Red complex) produce waste ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The metabolic (catabolic fate) of propionyl-CoA depends on what environment it is being synthesized in. Therefore, propionyl-CoA in an anaerobic environment could have a different fate than that in an aerobic organism. The multiple pathways, either catabolism by propionyl-CoA carboxylase or methylcitrate synthase, also... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The material properties of the metal interconnects have a strong influence on the life span. The characteristics are predominantly the composition of the metal alloy and the dimensions of the conductor. The shape of the conductor, the crystallographic orientation of the grains in the metal, procedures for the layer dep... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process used by cells to regulate gene expression. It was discovered in 1998 by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello, who won the Nobel Prize for their discovery in 2006. The process to silence genes first begins with the entrance of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule into the cell, whic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
𝜶 and β particles are both used in the treatment of cancers, depending on the size and location of the particular tumor. Alpha particles contain overall higher energy and have a shorter path length, and have greater cytotoxic properties for this reason as compared to β particles. However, due to the shorter path lengt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reactions of relatively simple coordination complexes have been examined as tests of PCET.
*The comproportionation of a Ru(II) aquo and a Ru(IV) oxo (bipy = (2,2'-bipyridine, py = pyridine):
:[(bipy)(py)Ru(O)] + [(bipy)(py)Ru(OH)] → 2 [(bipy)(py)Ru(OH)]
*Electrochemical reactions where reduction is coupled to protonat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With the use of Green's function, the Lippmann–Schwinger equation has counterparts in homogenization theory (e.g. mechanics, conductivity, permittivity). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Marine Chemistry is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal for publications in the field of chemistry in the marine environment. The journal is currently published by Elsevier. Its editor-in-chief is T.S. Bianchi. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Marine Chemistry has a 2020 impact factor of 3.807. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kendomycin is an anticancer macrolide first isolated from Streptomyces violaceoruber. It has potent activity as an endothelin receptor antagonist and anti-osteoporosis agent.
It also has strong cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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