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Precious metals such as gold and platinum, but also many other rare and noble metals, largely originated within neutron star collisions - collisions between exceedingly heavy massive and dense remnants of supernovas. In the final moments of the collision, the physical conditions are so extreme that these heavy rare el... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Patients who suffer from obstructive sleep apnea can experience impaired cardiac repolarization, increasing the morbidity and mortality of the condition greatly. Especially at higher altitudes, patients are much more susceptible to repolarization disturbances. This can be somewhat mitigated through the use of medicatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the solubility pump is a physico-chemical process that transports carbon as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the ocean's surface to its interior. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The applicability domain (AD) (for both chemistry and machine learning) of a QSAR model is the physico-chemical, structural or biological space, knowledge or information on which the training set of the model has been developed, and for which it is applicable to make predictions for new compounds.
The purpose of AD is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a C–H···O interaction is occasionally described as a special type of weak hydrogen bond. These interactions frequently occur in the structures of important biomolecules like amino acids, proteins, sugars, DNA and RNA. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heteroepitaxial growth is classified into three primary growth modes-- Volmer–Weber (VW), Frank–van der Merwe (FM) and Stranski–Krastanov (SK).
In the VW growth regime, the epitaxial film grows out of 3D nuclei on the growth surface. In this mode, the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are stronger than adsorbate-surface... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plastic deformation happens when stresses flatten, bend, or twist a material until it cannot return to its original shape. This can create cracks in the material and decrease its lifetime. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of integral membrane proteins that respond to a variety of extracellular stimuli. Each GPCR binds to and is activated by a specific ligand stimulus that ranges in size from small molecule catecholamines, lipids, or neurotransmitters to large protein hormones. Whe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The age of the Earth is 4.54 Gya as found by radiometric dating of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chrondrite meteorites, the oldest material in the Solar System. The Hadean Earth (from its formation until 4 Gya) was at first inhospitable to any living organisms. During its formation, the Earth lost a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase or Rosette terminal complexes which reside on a cells membrane. As cellulose fibrils are synthesized and grow extracellularly they push up against neighboring cells. Since the neighboring cell can not move easily the Rosette complex is instead pushed around the cell throug... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dicloxacillin is used to treat mild-to-moderate staphylococcal infections. To decrease the development of resistance, dicloxacillin is recommended to treat infections that are suspected or proven to be caused by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.
Dicloxacillin is similar in pharmacokinetics, antibacterial activity, and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SCI organises over 100 [https://www.soci.org/events conferences and events] per year which are focused on cutting edge scientific and special interest subjects. These are primarily organised through SCI member-led technical, international and regional interest groups.
SCI runs free Public Evening Lectures, both at its ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Experimental Exchangeability was devised by Yampolsky and Stoltzfus. It is the measure of the mean effect of exchanging one amino acid into a different amino acid.
It is based on analysis of experimental studies where 9671 amino acids replacements from different proteins, were compared for effect on protein activity. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Various radionuclides emit beta particles, high-speed electrons or positrons, through radioactive decay of their atomic nucleus. These can be used in a range of different industrial, scientific, and medical applications. This article lists some common beta-emitting radionuclides of technological importance, and their p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been rigorously experimentally established that: <br>
a) When a true (thermodynamic) equilibrium is reached between a crystalline solid phase (electrolyte) and a solution, the microcomponent present in the solution and isomorphic with the solid phase is distributed between the two immiscible solvents according ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Casein kinase 2 ()(CK2/CSNK2) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that has been implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythm, and other cellular processes. De-regulation of CK2 has been linked to tumorigenesis as a potential protection mechanism for mutated cells. Proper C... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Both the trimer and tetramer in hydrocarbon solutions photochemically react forming clear liquids identified as alkyl-substituted derivatives , where n = 3, 4. Such reactions proceed under prolonged UVC (mercury arc) illumination without affecting the rings. Solid films of the trimer and tetramer will not undergo any ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Eukaryote expression vectors require sequences that encode for:
*Polyadenylation tail: Creates a polyadenylation tail at the end of the transcribed pre-mRNA that protects the mRNA from exonucleases and ensures transcriptional and translational termination: stabilizes mRNA production.
*Minimal UTR length: UTRs contain s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the process of transcription (by any polymerase), there are three main stages:
#Initiation: the construction of the RNA polymerase complex on the gene's promoter with the help of transcription factors
#Elongation: the actual transcription of the majority of the gene into a corresponding RNA sequence
#Termination: th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nitrazine or phenaphthazine is a pH indicator dye often used in medicine. More sensitive than litmus, nitrazine indicates pH in the range of 4.5 to 7.5. Nitrazine is usually used as the disodium salt. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A concentric reducer is used to join pipe sections or tube sections on the same axis. The concentric reducer is cone-shaped, and is used when there is a shift in diameter between pipes. For example, when a 1" pipe transitions into a 3/4" pipe and the top or bottom of the pipe doesn't need to remain level. This pipe red... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coenzyme A, which is the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An organism is considered viable if it reaches a stable gene expression pattern. An organism with oscillated expression pattern is discarded and cannot enter the next generation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On an industrial scale, the reaction of acetic anhydride with hydrogen chloride produces a mixture of acetyl chloride and acetic acid:
Common syntheses of acyl chlorides also entail the reaction of carboxylic acids with phosgene, thionyl chloride, and phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus pentabromide is used for acyl bro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Emulsions contain both a dispersed and a continuous phase, with the boundary between the phases called the "interface". Emulsions tend to have a cloudy appearance because the many phase interfaces scatter light as it passes through the emulsion. Emulsions appear white when all light is scattered equally. If the emulsio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen-bond catalysts can also accelerate reactions by assisting in the formation of electrophilic species through abstracting and/or coordinating an anion such as a halide. Urea and thiourea catalysts are the most common donors in anion-binding catalysis, and their ability to bind halides and other anions has been w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* ASTM F67 Unalloyed (Commercially Pure) Titanium
* ASTM F136 Ti-6Al-4V-ELI
* ASTM F1295 Ti-6Al-7Nb
* ASTM F1472 Ti-6Al-4V | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In most solids, ions rigidly occupy fixed positions, strongly embraced by neighboring atoms or ions. In some solids, selected ions are highly mobile allowing ionic conduction. The mobility increases with temperature. Materials exhibiting this property are used in batteries. A well-known ion conductive solid is β-alum... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In solution, reducing monosaccharides exist in equilibrium between their acyclic and cyclic forms with less than 1% in the acyclic form. The open chain form can close to give the pyranose and furanose with both the α- and β-anomers present for each. The equilibrium population of conformers depends on their relative ene... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cupellation was also being used in parts of Europe to extract gold, silver, zinc, and tin by the late ninth to tenth century AD. Here, one of the earliest examples of an integrated unit process for extracting more than one precious metal was first introduced by Theophilus around the twelfth century. First, the gold-sil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Veige joined the faculty of the University of Florida as an assistant professor of chemistry (inorganic chemistry) in 2004. In 2010, Veige received the Alfred P. Sloan fellowship award, the only researcher to be so honored in Florida in 2010. He was promoted to an associate professor in 2011. He is currently the direct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pockels spent much of her life caring for her sick parents, which she noted to be "very challenging". Her father died in 1906 and her mother died in 1914. By that time, Pockels was herself in ill health, necessitating a stay for a time in a sanatorium. She traveled in Europe for enjoyment. During Pockels' later years, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Freeze-dried samples of Caldora penicillata had EtOAc−MeOH and HO−EtOH applied to them in order to extract Caldoramide. The extracts were partitioned with n-BuOH and HO and then fractions were taken based on solubility in either EtOAc or BuOH. Caldoramide was extracted from the BuOH soluble fraction. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From the general mole balance on some species , where for a CSTR steady state and perfect mixing are assumed,
Assuming a constant volumetric flow rate , which is the case for a liquid reactor or a gas phase reaction with no net generation of moles,
where the space-time is defined to be the ratio of the reactor volume t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The origin is the word lixiviate, meaning to leach or to dissolve out, deriving from the Latin lixivium. A lixiviant assists in rapid and complete leaching, for example during in situ leaching. The metal can be recovered from it in a concentrated form after leaching. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stearoylethanolamide (SEA) is an endocannabinoid neurotransmitter.
Stearoylethanolamide (CHNO; 18:0), also called N-(octadecanoyl)ethanolamine, is an N-acylethanolamine and the ethanolamide of octadecanoic acid (CHO; 18:0) and ethanolamine (MEA: CHNO), and functionally related to an octadecanoic acid.
Levels of SEA cor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Cyanogen - ()
* Isocyanogen - ()
* Diisocyanogen - ()
* Paracyanogen - a cyanogen polymer,
* Paraisocyanogen - a cyanogen polymer, | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* KEGG Pathway database is a popular pathway search database highly used by biologists.
* WikiPathways is a community curated pathway database using the "wiki" concept. All pathways have an open license and can be freely used.
* Reactome is a free and manually curated online database of biological pathways.
* NCI-Natu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* National Museum of Australia
* Australian Museum
* National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
* Art Gallery of New South Wales
* South Australian Museum
* State Herbarium of South Australia
* Art Gallery of South Australia
* State Library of South Australia (literary collections)
* Tasmanian Museum a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Here we have . Integration of gives and the three equations are
The first equation is the Hicks equation. Marris and Aswani (1977) showed that the only possible solution is and the remaining equations reduce to
A simple set of solutions to the above equation is
represents a flow due to two opposing rotational strea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1986, a meeting at the Institute Of Medicine defined gene therapy as the addition or replacement of a gene in a targeted cell type. In the same year, the FDA announced that it had jurisdiction over approving "gene therapy" without defining the term. The FDA added a very broad definition in 1993 of any treatment that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One, two or three IVF treatments are government subsidised for people who are younger than 40 and have no children. The rules for how many treatments are subsidised, and the upper age limit for the people, vary between different county councils. Single people are treated, and embryo adoption is allowed. There are also ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A non-Kekulé molecule is a conjugated hydrocarbon that cannot be assigned a classical Kekulé structure.
Since non-Kekulé molecules have two or more formal charges or
radical centers, their spin-spin interactions can cause electrical conductivity or ferromagnetism (molecule-based magnets), and applications to functiona... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While most genes of E. coli can be recognized by an RNAP with one and only one type of sigma factor (e.g. sigma 70), a few genes (~ 5%) have what is called a “dual sigma factor preference”, that is, they can respond to two different sigma factors, as reported in RegulonDB. The most common ones are those promoters that ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sand casting is one of the most popular and simplest types of casting, and has been used for centuries. Sand casting allows for smaller batches than permanent mold casting and at a very reasonable cost. Not only does this method allow manufacturers to create products at a low cost, but there are other benefits to sand ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plastid differentiation is not permanent, in fact many interconversions are possible. Chloroplasts may be converted to chromoplasts, which are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit. Starch storing amyloplasts can also be converted to chromoplasts, and it is possible fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Membranes, composed of either regenerated cellulose or cellulose esters, are manufactured through distinct processes of modifying and cross-linking cellulose fibers (derived from wood pulp or cotton fibers) to form films with differing properties and pore sizes. Variations in the manufacturing process significantly cha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
C. Gardner Swain and Elmer C. Lupton Jr. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology redefined the substituent parameter, σ, based on the idea that no more than two variables (resonance effects and field effects) are necessary to describe the effects of any given substituent. Field effects, F, are defined to inclu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Rüchardt experiment, invented by Eduard Rüchardt, is a famous experiment in thermodynamics, which determines the ratio of the molar heat capacities of a gas, i.e. the ratio of (heat capacity at constant pressure) and (heat capacity at constant volume) and is denoted by (gamma, for ideal gas) or (kappa, isentro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a zero-energy building cooling method proposed as a solution to reduce air conditioning, lower urban heat island effect, cool human body temperatures in extreme heat, move toward carbon neutrality and control global warming by enhancing terrestrial heat flow to outer space th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements by free atoms in the gaseous state. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on absorption of light by free metallic ions.
In analytical chemistry the tech... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is clearly a demand for sustainable biofuel production, but whether a particular biofuel will be used ultimately depends not on sustainability but cost efficiency. Therefore, research is focusing on cutting the cost of algal biofuel production to the point where it can compete with conventional petroleum. The pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Angus Lamond, a Wellcome Principal Research Fellow, studies the composition and function of organelles and multiprotein complexes found within the nucleus. This work is helping to explain how a cell's nucleus is organised, an area that has particular importance to human diseases such as inherited genetic conditions wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Strong electrolytes are hypothesized to dissociate completely in solution. The conductivity of a solution of a strong electrolyte at low concentration follows Kohlrausch's Law
where is known as the limiting molar conductivity, is an empirical constant and is the electrolyte concentration. (Limiting here means "at th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cytokines are somnogenic and are likely key mediators of sleep responses to infection and food. Some proinflammatory cytokines correlate with daytime sleepiness. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silicon carbide is used as a raw ingredient in some glazes applied to ceramics. At high temperatures it can reduce metal oxides forming silica and carbon dioxide. This can be used to make the glaze foam and crater due to the evolved carbon dioxide gas, or to reduce the colorant oxides and achieve colors such as coppe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some researchers also identify a third class of transposable elements, which has been described as "a grab-bag consisting of transposons that dont clearly fit into the other two categories". Examples of such TEs are the Foldback (FB) elements of Drosophila melanogaster, the TU elements of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus'... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bromothymol blue may be used for observing photosynthetic activities, or as a respiratory indicator (turns yellow as CO is added). A common demonstration of BTB's pH indicator properties involves exhaling through a tube into a neutral solution of BTB. As CO is absorbed from the breath into the solution, forming carbon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sala began publishing extensively in the disciplines of chemistry and medicines in about 1608-9, including a book of medications in 1624. He subscribed to corpuscular theory, asserting, for instance, that fermentation was a regrouping of elementary particles that resulted in the formation of new substances, an idea tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Flippin–Lodge (FL) angle, is the latter-derived of two angles that fully define the geometry of "attack" (approach via collision) of a nucleophile on a trigonal unsaturated center of an electrophilic molecule (the second being the Bürgi–Dunitz angle, , see below). Theory and application of these angles falls into ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fellgetts advantage or the multiplex advantage is an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is gained when taking multiplexed measurements rather than direct measurements. The name is derived from P. B. Fellgett, who first made the observation as part of his PhD. When measuring a signal whose noise is dominate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a variation, the Ruff–Fenton degradation (Otto Ruff 1898, H.J.H. Fenton 1893) converts the aldose first to the alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid with bromine and calcium hydroxide and then to the shortened aldose by reaction with Iron(III) sulfate and hydrogen peroxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The carbon atom at which the initial deprotonation takes place is a stereocenter. If, for example, D-glucose (an Aldose) rearranges to D-fructose, the ketose, the stereochemical configuration is lost in the enol form. In the chemical reaction the enol can be protonated from two faces, resulting in the backformation o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike the above assumption of a fundamental split between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the most important difference between biota may be the division between bacteria and the rest (archaea and eukaryota). For instance, DNA replication differs fundamentally between bacteria and archaea (including that in eukaryotic nuc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Due to a color change from blue to red at pH 3.0–5.2, Congo red can be used as a pH indicator. Since this color change is an approximate inverse of that of litmus, it can be used with litmus paper in a simple parlor trick: add a drop or two of Congo red to both an acid solution and a base solution. Dipping red litmus p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrolysis constants (log values) in critical compilations at infinite dilution and T = 298.15 K (The divalent state is unstable in water, producing hydrogen whilst being oxidised to a higher valency state (Baes and Mesmer, 1976). The reliability of the data is in doubt.): | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kenneth Storey studied biochemistry at the University of Calgary (B.Sc. 71) and zoology at the University of British Columbia (Ph.D. 74). Storey is a Professor of Biochemistry, cross-appointed in the Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Neuroscience and holds the Canada Research Chair in Molecular Physiology at Carlet... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Personalized cancer treatment is a tuned method based on the patient's diagnosis and background. Microfluidic technology offers sensitive detection with higher throughput, as well as reduced time and costs. For personalized cancer treatment, tumor composition and drug sensitivities are very important.
A patient's drug ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary commercial use of dimethyl methylphosphonate is as a flame retardant. Other commercial uses are a preignition additive for gasoline, anti-foaming agent, plasticizer, stabilizer, textile conditioner, antistatic agent, and an additive for solvents and low-temperature hydraulic fluids. It can be used as a cata... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bionic leaves have been considered as an alternative to vertical greenery systems (VGS), also known as green facades. Like VGS, bionic facades can be implemented in buildings to reduce energy consumption from cooling, absorb solar radiation, and reduce CO emissions. Unlike their natural counterpart, bionic facades requ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the existence of stoppers on the ends of the rotaxanes units, polyrotaxanes are more thermodynamically stable than polypseudorotaxanes (similar structure to polyrotaxane but without stoppers at two ends). Also, if the interactions between guest and host molecules are attractive, such as hydrogen bonding or charg... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Supplemental potassium decreases the risk of experiencing a life-threatening heart rhythm problem from arsenic trioxide. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A phosphorane (IUPAC name: λ-phosphane) is a functional group in organophosphorus chemistry with pentavalent phosphorus. Phosphoranes have the general formula PR.
Phosphoranes of the type PX adopt a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry with the two apical bonds longer than the three equatorial bonds. Hypervalent bon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To measure cosmogenic isotopes produced within solid earth materials, such as rock, samples are generally first put through a process of mechanical separation. The sample is crushed and desirable material, such as a particular mineral (quartz in the case of Be-10), is separated from non-desirable material by using a de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arthur Eichengrün was born in Aachen as the son of a Jewish cloth merchant and manufacturer. In 1885, he took up studies in chemistry at the University of Aachen, later moved to Berlin, and finally to Erlangen, where he received a doctoral degree in 1890.
In 1896, he joined Bayer, working in the pharmaceutical laborato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Complexometric titrations rely on the formation of a complex between the analyte and the titrant. In general, they require specialized complexometric indicators that form weak complexes with the analyte. The most common example is the use of starch indicator to increase the sensitivity of iodometric titration, the dar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Roasting is a process of heating a sulfide ore to a high temperature in the presence of air. It is a step in the processing of certain ores. More specifically, roasting is often a metallurgical process involving gas–solid reactions at elevated temperatures with the goal of purifying the metal component(s). Often befo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A well studied pioneer factor family is the Groucho-related (Gro/TLE/Grg) transcription factors that often have a negative effect on transcription. These chromatin binding domains can span up to 3-4 nucleosomes. These large domains are scaffolds for further protein interactions and also modify the chromatin for other... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The high surface area of a material in nanoparticle form allows heat, molecules, and ions to diffuse into or out of the particles at very large rates. The small particle diameter, on the other hand, allows the whole material to reach homogeneous equilibrium with respect to diffusion in a very short time. Thus many proc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are three main components to the hybrid fusion fuel cycle: deuterium, tritium, and fissionable elements. Deuterium can be derived by the separation of hydrogen isotopes in seawater (see heavy water production). Tritium may be generated in the hybrid process itself by absorption of neutrons in lithium bearing co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ozone in the troposhere is determined by photochemical production and destruction, dry deposition and cross-tropopause transport of ozone from the stratosphere. In the Arctic troposphere, transport and photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a result of human emissions... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Latex paints (emulsion paints British English, not to be confused with latex rubber) are an emulsion of polymer particles dispersed in water. Macroemulsions in latex paint are inherently unstable and phase separate, so surfactants are added to lower interfacial tension and stabilize polymer particles to prevent demuls... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The eluviation of chelate compounds is the downward movement of soil chelates. The eluviation of chelate compounds can be affected by:
* Acidity. Organic acids produced under acidic conditions can increase the solubility of metal elements such as iron and aluminum, thereby enhancing soil eluviation. Iron and aluminum a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to its very low power density, conversion efficiency and high cost, a C betavoltaic device is very similar to other existing betavoltaic devices which are suited to niche applications needing very little power (microwatts) for several years in situations where conventional batteries cannot be replaced or recharged ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The SH2 domain of Grb2 binds to phosphorylated tyrosine-containing peptides on receptors or scaffold proteins with a preference for pY-X-N-X, where X is generally a hydrophobic residue such as valine (see [http://sh2domain.org]).
The N-terminal SH3 domain binds to proline-rich peptides and can bind to the Ras-guanine e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methionine sulfoximine (MSO, also known as MetSox) is an irreversible glutamine synthetase inhibitor. It is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine with convulsant effects.
Methionine sulfoximine is composed of two different diastereomers, which are L-S-Methionine sulfoximine and L-R-Methionine sulfoximine. These affe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The plasmid is often transformed into a bacterium like E. coli. Ideally when the bacterium divides the plasmid should also be replicated. In the best case scenario, each bacterial cell should have several copies of the plasmid. After a good number of bacterial colonies have grown, they can be miniprepped to harvest t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electroosmotic flow is caused by the Coulomb force induced by an electric field on net mobile electric charge in a solution. Because the chemical equilibrium between a solid surface and an electrolyte solution typically leads to the interface acquiring a net fixed electrical charge, a layer of mobile ions, known as an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gas-diffusion electrocrystallization is a process electrochemically driven at porous gas-diffusion electrodes, in which a triple phase boundary is established between a liquid solution, an oxidizing gas, and an electrically conducting electrode. The liquid solution containing dissolved metal ions (e.g., CuCl, ZnCl) flo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As one of the primary segments of the guidelines, there are several essential parts on the checklist for the qPCR process itself. This includes the full set of conditions used for the reaction, the volume of both the reaction and the cDNA, the concentrations for the probes, magnesium ions, and dNTPs, what kind of polym... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although early medical experimentation was performed often, the use of a control group to provide an accurate comparison for the demonstration of the intervention's efficacy was generally lacking. For instance, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who campaigned for the introduction of inoculation (then called variolation) to pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coordination complexes and organometallic compounds are also photoreactive. These reactions can entail cis-trans isomerization. More commonly, photoreactions result in dissociation of ligands, since the photon excites an electron on the metal to an orbital that is antibonding with respect to the ligands. Thus, metal ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several methods have been developed that make use of the estimated (via 1H or 13C shifts) or predicted (via sequence) secondary structure content of the protein being analyzed. These programs include PSSI, CheckShift, LACS, and PANAV. Both PANAV <[https://web.archive.org/web/20140413150003/http://www.wishartlab.com/web... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Unruh effect would also cause the decay rate of accelerating particles to differ from inertial particles. Stable particles like the electron could have nonzero transition rates to higher mass states when accelerating at a high enough rate. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Previously called "ideal ATM" and "polarization-varying ATM," stationary sample ATM (SSATM) involves rotation of the linearly polarized state of the THz beam in a time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) configuration parallel to the interrogated material sample. In a SSATM configuration, the THz beam polarization is rotated thr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 2002 and 2005 Grossman Award, ASM International
* 2005 Grunfeld Medal, Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3)
* 2010 Harvey Flower Titanium prize, Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
* 2014 Defence Aerospace award, Rolls-Royce
* 2017 Cook/Ablett Medal, Institute of Materials, Minerals and Minin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipinski received his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley in 1968 in physical organic chemistry. The Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews article reporting his "rule of five" is one of the most cited publications in the journals history. In 2006, he received an honorary law degree from the University of Dundee an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Orcein, also archil, orchil, lacmus and C.I. Natural Red 28, are names for dyes extracted from several species of lichen, commonly known as "orchella weeds", found in various parts of the world. A major source is the archil lichen, Roccella tinctoria. Orcinol is extracted from such lichens. It is then converted to orce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The carrier gas is sent through the central channel and into the very hot plasma. The sample is then exposed to radio frequency which converts the gas into a plasma. The high temperature of the plasma is sufficient to cause a very large portion of the sample to form ions. This fraction of ionization can approach 100% f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Translation is one of the key energy consumers in cells, hence it is strictly regulated. Numerous mechanisms have evolved that control and regulate translation in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Regulation of translation can impact the global rate of protein synthesis which is closely coupled to the metabolic and p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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