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The stomach is a major organ of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive system. It is a consistently J-shaped organ joined to the esophagus at its upper end and to the duodenum at its lower end.
Gastric acid (informally gastric juice), produced in the stomach plays a vital role in the digestive process, and mainly con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, Green's law, named for 19th-century British mathematician George Green, is a conservation law describing the evolution of non-breaking, surface gravity waves propagating in shallow water of gradually varying depth and width. In its simplest form, for wavefronts and depth contours parallel to each oth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
miR-324-5p likely regulates cell growth and survival through interaction with multiple pathways. Published research demonstrates that this miRNA interacts with the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway via interactions with HH transcription factor Gli1 and HH protein receptor Smo, often contributing to tumorigenesis. miR-324... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Under the molecular orbital formalism, a typical ground-state molecule has electrons in the lowest possible energy levels. According to the Pauli principle, at most two electrons can occupy a given orbital, and if an orbital contains two electrons they must be in opposite spin states. The highest occupied molecular orb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluoroantimonic acid solution is so reactive that it is challenging to identify media with which it is unreactive. Materials compatible with fluoroantimonic acid as a solvent include SOClF, and sulfur dioxide; some chlorofluorocarbons have also been used. Containers for HF/SbF are made of PTFE.
Fluoroantimonic acid so... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Piperidine is produced by hydrogenation of pyridine with a nickel-, cobalt-, or ruthenium-based catalyst at elevated temperatures. The hydrogenation of pyridine to piperidine releases 193.8 kJ·mol, which is slightly less than the energy of the hydrogenation of benzene (205.3 kJ·mol).
Partially hydrogenated derivatives ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
UV-induced RNA-antibody crosslinking was added on top of m6A-seq to produce PA-m6A-seq (photo-crosslinking-assisted m6A-seq) which increases resolution up to ~23nt. First, 4-thiourodine (4SU) is incorporated into the RNA by adding 4SU in growth media, some incorporation sites presumably near m6A location. Immunoprecipi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In surface science, a tensiometer is a measuring instrument used to measure the surface tension () of liquids or surfaces. Tensiometers are used in research and development laboratories to determine the surface tension of liquids like coatings, lacquers or adhesives. A further application field of tensiometers is the m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Between World War I and World War II, many new aspirin brands and aspirin-based products entered the market. The Australian company Nicholas Proprietary Limited, through the aggressive marketing strategies of George Davies, built Aspro into a global brand, with particular strength in Australia, New Zealand, and the U.K... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For a mathematical definition of a dilution assay an observation space is defined and a function so that the responses are mapped to the set of real numbers. It is now assumed that a function exists which relates the dose to the response
in which is an error term with expectation 0. is usually assumed to be ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The permanent Venusian clouds produce a concentrated acid rain, as the clouds in the atmosphere of Earth produce water rain. Jupiter's moon Europa is also thought to have an atmosphere containing sulfuric acid hydrates. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hammond's postulate (or alternatively the Hammond–Leffler postulate), is a hypothesis in physical organic chemistry which describes the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction. First proposed by George Hammond in 1955, the postulate states that:
Therefore, the geometric structure of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These predicted editing sites result in the translation of an Arginine instead of a Glutamine at the Q/R site and an Alanine instead of a Threonine at the T/A site. These codon changes are nonsynomonous. Since the editing sites are located just before a collagen like trimerization domain, editing may effect protein ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
p53 - package - palindromic sequence - palmitoyl acyltransferase - Parkinson's disease - pBR322 - PCR - pedigree - peptide - peptide-transporting ATPase - peptide bond - phage - phagemid - phenotype - phenylacetaldoxime dehydratase - PhIP-Seq - phosphatase, alkaline - phosphatidylcholine 12-monooxygenase - phosphatidyl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aldehydes participate in many reactions. From the industrial perspective, important reactions are:
* condensations, e.g., to prepare plasticizers and polyols, and
* reduction to produce alcohols, especially "oxo-alcohols". From the biological perspective, the key reactions involve addition of nucleophiles to the formyl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most analytical techniques use a calibration curve. There are a number of advantages to this approach. First, the calibration curve provides a reliable way to calculate the uncertainty of the concentration calculated from the calibration curve (using the statistics of the least squares line fit to the data).
Second, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The majority of observed interactions between promoters and enhancers do not cross TAD boundaries. Removing a TAD boundary (for example, using CRISPR to delete the relevant region of the genome) can allow new promoter-enhancer contacts to form. This can affect gene expression nearby - such misregulation has been shown ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Tellurium-128 and -130 are essentially stable. They only decay by double beta decay, with half lives >10 years. They constitute the major fraction of natural occurring tellurium at 32 and 34% respectively.
Tellurium-132 and its daughter I are important in the first few days after a criticality. It was responsible for ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Desorption is the physical process where adsorbed atoms or molecules are released from a surface into the surrounding vacuum or fluid. This occurs when a molecule gains enough energy to overcome the activation barrier and the binding energy that keep it attached to the surface.
Desorption is the reverse of the process... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NURF was first purified from the model organism Drosophila melanogaster by Toshio Tsukiyama and Carl Wu in 1995. Tsukiyama and Wu described NURF’s chromatin remodeling activity on the hsp70 promoter. It was later discovered that NURF regulates transcription in this manner for hundreds of genes. A human ortholog of NURF... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Typically, computation inference methods are primarily used to predict protein targets for small molecule drugs based on computer based pattern recognition. However, this method could also be used for finding new targets for existing or newly developed drugs. By identifying the pharmacophore of the drug molecule, the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The relevance of observations from fission yeast mating-type regions and centromeres to mammals is not clear, as some evidence suggests that heterochromatin maintenance in mammalian cells is independent of the components of the RNAi pathway. It is known, however, that plants and animals have analogous mechanism for sma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ordered Two-Template Relay (OTTR) is a library preparation technique used to improve quantitation of highly modified non-coding RNA (ncRNA) species, which have been difficult to characterize using traditional cDNA sequencing approaches. OTTR leverages a retroelement reverse transcriptase (RT), termed BoMoC, with templa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main advantages to using emulsified fuels instead of the fuel itself are environmental and economic benefits. Addition of water to the diesel process decreases combustion temperatures and lowers NO emissions. A paper compares water injection and emulsified fuels into diesel engines (marine and stationary engines) a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
12-Crown-4, also called 1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane and lithium ionophore V, is a crown ether with the formula CHO. It is a cyclic tetramer of ethylene oxide which is specific for the lithium cation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is produced by thermal reactions of compounds of the type HNCHCHX (X = OH, NH, or NHR) in the presence of zeolitic catalysts. An idealized conversion is shown for the conversion from ethanolamine:
:3 HNCHCHOH → N(CHCH)N + NH + 3 HO | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The manufacture of nuclei on the island of stability proves to be very difficult because the nuclei available as starting materials do not deliver the necessary sum of neutrons. Radioactive ion beams (such as S) in combination with actinide targets (such as Cm) may allow the production of more neutron rich nuclei neare... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Robert Sidney Cahn (9 June 1899 – 15 June 1981) was a British chemist, best known for his contributions to chemical nomenclature and stereochemistry, particularly by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules, which he proposed in 1956 with Christopher Kelk Ingold and Vladimir Prelog. Cahn was the first to report the struct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
K and U move together during geochemical processes and have long-lived radioisotopes that emit gamma rays. It is calculated as a ratio of one to the other on an equal mass basis which is often .
This creates a compelling explanation for the evolution of the solar system.
This result is consistent with an increasing tem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Normality can be used for acid-base titrations. For example, sulfuric acid (HSO) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of HSO are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH, the equivalence factor is:
:f(HSO) = 0.5
If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(HSO) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Help to insulate a building for sound; the soil helps to block lower frequencies and the plants block higher frequencies
*If installed correctly many living roofs can contribute to LEED points
*Increase agricultural space
*Green roofs not only retain rainwater, but also moderate the temperature of the water and act as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The main advantage of locating a space power station in geostationary orbit is that the antenna geometry stays constant, and so keeping the antennas lined up is simpler. Another advantage is that nearly continuous power transmission is immediately available as soon as the first space power station is placed in orbit, L... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In microbial communities like soil, the C:N ratio is a key indicator as it describes a balance between energetic foods (represented by carbon) and material to build protein with (represented by nitrogen). An optimal C:N ratio of around 24:1 provides for higher microbial activity.
The C:N ratio of soil can be modified b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930, it was initially thought that CRP might be a pathogenic secretion since it was elevated in a variety of illnesses, including cancer. The later discovery of hepatic synthesis (made in the liver) demonstrated that it is a native protein. Initially, CRP was measured using the que... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The WGSR is a highly valuable industrial reaction that is used in the manufacture of ammonia, hydrocarbons, methanol, and hydrogen. Its most important application is in conjunction with the conversion of carbon monoxide from steam reforming of methane or other hydrocarbons in the production of hydrogen. In the Fischer–... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Other experts have proposed building reservoirs to prevent the movement of algae downstream. However, that can lead to the growth of algae within the reservoir, which become sediment traps with a resultant buildup of nutrients. Some researchers found that intensive blooms in reservoirs were the primary source of toxic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Siderophores have applications in medicine for iron and aluminum overload therapy and antibiotics for improved targeting. Understanding the mechanistic pathways of siderophores has led to opportunities for designing small-molecule inhibitors that block siderophore biosynthesis and therefore bacterial growth and virulen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenanthroline may be prepared by two successive Skraup reactions of glycerol with o-phenylenediamine, catalyzed by sulfuric acid, and an oxidizing agent, traditionally aqueous arsenic acid or nitrobenzene. Dehydration of glycerol gives acrolein which condenses with the amine followed by a cyclization. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radiocarbon is a scientific journal devoted to the topic of radiocarbon dating.
It was founded in 1959 as a supplement to the American Journal of Science, and is an important source of data and information about radiocarbon dating. It publishes many radiocarbon results, and since 1979 it has published the proceedings ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, photocatalysis is the acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a photocatalyst, the excited state of which "repeatedly interacts with the reaction partners forming reaction intermediates and regenerates itself after each cycle of such interactions." In many cases, the catalyst is a solid that up... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This book describes how an official, the Bergmeister, is in charge of mining. He marks out the land into areas called meers when a vein is discovered. The rest of the book covers the laws of mining. There is a section on how the mine can be divided into shares. The roles of various other officials in regulating mines a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As stated previously, Darken's first equation allows the calculation of the marker velocity in respect to a binary system where the two components have different diffusion coefficients. For this equation to be applicable, the analyzed system must have a constant concentration and can be modeled by the Boltzmann–Matano... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) is a type of assay that focuses on quantitatively measuring the frequency of cytokine secretion for a single cell. The ELISpot Assay is also a form of immunostaining since it is classified as a technique that uses antibodies to detect a protein analyte, with the word analy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A survey of glass objects at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, in 1992, found that more than 1 in 10 objects in the collection were affected by crizzling, ranging from 16th century Venetian to 20th century Scandinavian glass.
Venetian glass is particularly susceptible because artisans minimized the use of lime... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a response to gunpowder artillery, European fortifications began displaying architectural principles such as lower and thicker walls in the mid-1400s. Cannon towers were built with artillery rooms where cannons could discharge fire from slits in the walls. However this proved problematic as the slow rate of fire, re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*The Morison equation is a heuristic formulation of the force fluctuations in an oscillatory flow. The first assumption is that the flow acceleration is more-or-less uniform at the location of the body. For instance, for a vertical cylinder in surface gravity waves this requires that the diameter of the cylinder is muc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Agents that break disulfide bonds by reduction include:
* 2-Mercaptoethanol
* Dithiothreitol
* TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plants produce secondary metabolites known as allelochemicals. Rather than participating in basic metabolic processes, they mediate interactions between a plant and its environment, often attracting, repelling, or poisoning insects. They also help produce secondary cell wall components such as those that require amino ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nuclear fission was discovered in December 1938 by chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann and physicists Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch. Fission is a nuclear reaction or radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei and often other particles. The fission... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Scientists studying strangeness as signature of quark gluon plasma present and discuss their results at specialized meetings. Well established is the series International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter, first organized in Tucson, Arizona, in 1995. The latest edition, 10–15 June 2019, of the conference was he... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Expanded polyethylene copolymers (EPC) are also known - such as 50:50 (weight) materials with polystyrene. Though other properties are intermediate between the two bases, toughness for the copolymer exceeds either, with good tensile and puncture resistance. It is particularly applicable for re-usable products. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, the Gibbs free energy of micellization can be approximated as:
where is the change in Gibbs free energy of micellization, is the universal gas constant, is the absolute temperature, and is the critical micelle concentration. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers produced an artificial tooth whose microstructure mimicked that of a real tooth. The outer layers, corresponding to enamel, were hard and structurally complex. The outer layers contained glass nanoparticles and aluminium oxide plates were aligned perpendicular to the surface. After the outer layers hardened... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkaline water electrolysis is a type of electrolyzer that is characterized by having two electrodes operating in a liquid alkaline electrolyte. Commonly, a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 25-40 wt% is used. These electrodes are separated by a diaphragm, separating the product gases ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Until the late 1960s, soil chemistry focused primarily on chemical reactions in the soil that contribute to pedogenesis or that affect plant growth. Since then, concerns have grown about environmental pollution, organic and inorganic soil contamination and potential ecological health and environmental health risks. Con... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecular biology, hybridization (or hybridisation) is a phenomenon in which single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules anneal to complementary DNA or RNA. Though a double-stranded DNA sequence is generally stable under physiological conditions, changing these conditions in the l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
María del Coral Barbas Arribas (or Arriba) is a professor at the Universidad CEU San Pablo in Madrid, Spain who is known for her research on metabolomics and integration of chemical data. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The complex adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with trans CO and hydrido ligands, resulting in pseudo-C symmetry. The Rh-P, Rh-C, and Rh-H distances are 2.32, 1.83, and 1.60 Å, respectively. This complex is one of a small number of stable pentacoordinate rhodium hydrides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Van Wylen, G.J., and Sonntag, R.E. (1965), Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The system was originally developed by Richard Anthony Jefferson during his Ph.D. at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He adapted the technique for the use with plants as he worked in the Plant Breeding Institute of Cambridge, between 1985 and 1987. Since then thousands of labs have used the system, making it one ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peptidoglycan recognition is an evolutionarily conserved process. The overall structure is similar between bacterial species, but various modifications can increase the diversity. These include modifications of the length of sugar polymers, modifications in the sugar structures, variations in cross-linking or substitut... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. This virus contains a dsRNA genome and is a member of the Reoviridae family. The genome of rotavirus consists of eleven segments of dsRNA. Each genome segment codes for one protein with the exception of segment 11, whic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Initially process simulation was used to simulate steady state processes. Steady-state models perform a mass and energy balance of a steady state process (a process in an equilibrium state) independent of time.
Dynamic simulation is an extension of steady-state process simulation whereby time-dependence is built into ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sonar flowmeters are non-intrusive clamp-on devices that measure flow in pipes conveying slurries, corrosive fluids, multiphase fluids and flows where insertion type flowmeters are not desired. Sonar flowmeters have been widely adopted in mining, metals processing, and upstream oil and gas industries where traditional ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cadmium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS. Cadmium sulfide is a yellow salt. It occurs in nature with two different crystal structures as the rare minerals greenockite and hawleyite, but is more prevalent as an impurity substituent in the similarly structured zinc ores sphalerite and wurtzite, whic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Gamow–Teller transition is a beta decay in which the spins of the emitted electron (positron) and anti-neutrino (neutrino) couple to total spin , leading to an angular momentum change between the initial and final states of the nucleus (assuming an allowed transition).
In this case, the nuclear part of the operator ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A small fraction of metabolism – less than 5% in all tissues except the testes where it accounts for about 33% – is initially catalyzed by leucine aminomutase, producing β-leucine, which is subsequently metabolized into (β-KIC), β-ketoisocaproyl-CoA, and then acetyl-CoA by a series of uncharacterized enzymes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This concept was first postulated by Funk and Reinstrom (1966) as a maximally efficient way to produce fuels (e.g. hydrogen, ammonia) from stable and abundant species (e.g. water, nitrogen) and heat sources. Although fuel availability was scarcely considered before the oil crisis efficient fuel generation was an issue ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like OCT, the early implementations of a/LCI relied on physically changing the optical path length (OPL) to control the depth in the sample from which data are acquired. However, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to use a Fourier domain implementation to yield depth resolution in a single data acquisition. A... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To enhance carbon sequestration processes in oceans the following technologies have been proposed but none have achieved large scale application so far: Seaweed farming, ocean fertilisation, artificial upwelling, basalt storage, mineralization and deep sea sediments, adding bases to neutralize acids. The idea of direct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
*Carnegie Institute
*Westinghouse Electric Corporation
*Gould-National Batteries, Inc.
*General Electrical Company | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein (anti-nRNP) antibodies, also known as anti-U1-RNP antibodies, are found in 30–40% of SLE. They are often found with anti-Sm antibodies, but they may be associated with different clinical associations. In addition to SLE, these antibodies are highly associated with mixed connective tissue ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Gilman test is a chemical test for the detection of Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents.
A 0.5 mL sample is added to a 1% solution of Mischler's ketone in benzene or toluene. To this solution is added 1 mL of water for hydrolysis to take place and then several drops of 0.2% iodine in glacial acetic acid. I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In two-dimensional space there are 5 Bravais lattices, grouped into four lattice systems, shown in the table below. Below each diagram is the Pearson symbol for that Bravais lattice.
Note: In the unit cell diagrams in the following table the lattice points are depicted using black circles and the unit cells are depicte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry and chemical physics, a mesophase or mesomorphic phase is a phase of matter intermediate between solid and liquid. Gelatin is a common example of a partially ordered structure in a mesophase. Further, biological structures such as the lipid bilayers of cell membranes are examples of mesophases. Mesophases ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a huge number of industries and applications which benefit from induction shrink fitting or removal using solid state RF and MF heaters. In practice, the methodology employed can vary from a simple manual approach where an operator assembles or disassembles the parts to fully automatic pneumatic and hydraulic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Trials have demonstrated lower vitamin D levels are highly prevalent in people with schizophrenia, particularly those with acute episodes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous: a mixture of uniform composition and in which all components are in the same phase, such as salt in water, is called homogeneous, whereas a mixture of non-uniform composition and of which the components can be easily identified, such as sand in water, it is called he... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An example of a YES logic gate comprises a benzo-crown-ether connected to a cyano-substituted anthracene unit. An output of 1 (fluorescence) is obtained only when sodium ions are present in the solution (indicating an input of 1). Sodium ions are encapsulated by the crown ether, resulting in a quenching of the PET proc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In non-competitive inhibition the binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme reduces its activity but does not affect the binding of substrate. This type of inhibitor binds with equal affinity to the free enzyme as to the enzyme-substrate complex. It can be thought of as having the ability of competitive and uncompetitive ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the introduction of pertussis vaccines in the 1940s and 1950s, different genetic changes have been described surrounding the pertussis toxin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LPA is the result of phospholipase A2 action on phosphatidic acid. The SN-1 position can contain either an ester bond or an ether bond, with ether LPA being found at elevated levels in certain cancers. LPA binds the high-affinity G-protein coupled receptors LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3 (also known as EDG2, EDG4, and EDG7, re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The NZIC is a member of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) and a constituent organisation of Royal Society Te Apārangi. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Yukawa–Tsuno equation, first developed in 1959, is a linear free-energy relationship in physical organic chemistry. It is a modified version of the Hammett equation that accounts for enhanced resonance effects in electrophilic reactions of para- and meta-substituted organic compounds. This equation does so by intro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A kinetic exclusion assay (KinExA) is a type of bioassay in which a solution containing receptor, ligand, and receptor-ligand complex is briefly exposed to additional ligand immobilized on a solid phase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most synthetically useful aminations of enolate anions employ N-acyloxazolidinone substrates. The chiral auxiliaries on these compounds are easily removed after hydrazine formation (with azo compounds) or azidation (with trisyl azide). Azidation using the latter reagent is more efficient than bromination followed b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lateral flow assays have played a critical role in COVID-19 testing as they have the benefit of delivering a result in 15–30 minutes. The systematic evaluation of lateral flow assays during the COVID-19 pandemic was initiated at Oxford University as part of a UK collaboration with Public Health England. A study that st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* In patients with hyperthyroidism, there will be fewer available binding sites on TBG (due to the increased circulating T3 / T4). This will lead to an increased thyroid hormone binding ratio.
* In patients with hypothyroidism, there will be more free binding sites on TBG (due to the decreased amount of circulating T3 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Historically, the theory of rotational energy levels was developed to account for observations of vibration-rotation spectra of gases in infrared spectroscopy, which was used before microwave spectroscopy had become practical. To a first approximation, the rotation and vibration can be treated as separable, so the ener... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chlorophyll fluorescence is light re-emitted by chlorophyll molecules during return from excited to non-excited states. It is used as an indicator of photosynthetic energy conversion in plants, algae and bacteria. Excited chlorophyll dissipates the absorbed light energy by driving photosynthesis (photochemical energy c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The existence of charged particles causes the plasma to generate, and be affected by, magnetic fields. Plasma with a magnetic field strong enough to influence the motion of the charged particles is said to be magnetized. A common quantitative criterion is that a particle on average completes at least one gyration aroun... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Delamanid, a drug used to treat multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) in combination with other antituberculosis medications, is activated in the mycobacterium by deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn), an enzyme which uses dihydro-F (reduced form). The activated form of the drug is highly reactive and attacks ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An operon is made up of 3 basic DNA components:
* Promoter – a nucleotide sequence that enables a gene to be transcribed. The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase, which then initiates transcription. In RNA synthesis, promoters indicate which genes should be used for messenger RNA creation – and, by extension, con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brandt was born in Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg parish, Västmanland to Jurgen Brandt, a mineowner and pharmacist, and Katarina Ysing. He was professor of chemistry at Uppsala University, and died in Stockholm. He was able to show that cobalt was the source of the blue color in glass, which previously had been attribu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to access the nucleosomal DNA, the bonds between it and the histone octamer must be broken. This change takes place periodically in the cell as specific regions are transcribed, and it happens genome-wide during replication. Remodeling proteins work in three distinct ways: they can slide the DNA along the surf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Euclidean plane, reflections and glide reflections are the only two kinds of indirect (orientation-reversing) isometries.
For example, there is an isometry consisting of the reflection on the x-axis, followed by translation of one unit parallel to it. In coordinates, it takes
This isometry maps the x-axis to its... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The main technological driver for the exploration of multiferroics has been their potential for controlling magnetism using electric fields via their magneto electric coupling. Such a capability could be technologically transformative, since the production of electric fields is far less energy intensive than the produc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
[Co(NH)] is a component of some structural biology methods (especially for DNA or RNA, where positive ions stabilize tertiary structure of the phosphate backbone), to help solve their structures by X-ray crystallography or by nuclear magnetic resonance. In the biological system, the counterions would more probably be M... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Experimental data of high pressure jets have to be limited in terms of size and complexity of the scenario due to the inherit dangers and expenses correlated to the experiment itself. Alternative methods to gather data, such as representative models, can be used in order to predict what the maximum extend of the gas cl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These different definitions have true physical meaning because different techniques in physical polymer chemistry often measure just one of them. For instance, osmometry measures number average molar mass and small-angle laser light scattering measures mass average molar mass. is obtained from viscosimetry and by sed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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