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The drag resistance to a moving sphere, also known as Stokes' solution is here summarised. Given a sphere of radius , travelling at velocity , in a Stokes fluid with dynamic viscosity , the drag force is given by:
The Stokes solution dissipates less energy than any other solenoidal vector field with the same boundary... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dextromethorphan has been found to possess the following actions (<1 μM) using rat tissues:
* Uncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor via the MK-801/ site
* and blocker (cf. serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)
* Sigma σ receptor agonist
* Negative allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine recepto... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Three linkage isomers are common for nitrite ligands, O-bonded, N-bonded, and bidentate O,O-bonded. The former two isomers have been characterized for the pentamminecobalt(III) system, i.e. and , referred to as N-nitrito and O-nitrito, respectively. These two forms are sometimes called nitro and nitrito. These isomers... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means. In nature, some organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction; this reproduction of an organism by itself without a mate is known as parthenogenesis. In the field of biotechnology, cloning is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Schmidt number (denoted ) of a fluid is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of momentum diffusivity (kinematic viscosity) and mass diffusivity, and it is used to characterize fluid flows in which there are simultaneous momentum and mass diffusion convection processes. It was named after G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
N-Fluoropyridinium triflate is an organofluorine compound with the formula [CHNF]OSCF. It is a white solid with low solubility in polar organic solvents. The compound is used as an electrophilic fluorinating agent. It is a salt, consisting of the N-fluoropyridinium cation ([CHNF]) and the triflate anion. Related rea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The F-T process attracted attention as a means of Nazi Germany to produce liquid hydrocarbons. The original process was developed by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch, working at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut for Chemistry in 1926. They filed a number of patents, e.g., , applied 1926, published 1930. It was commercialized b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In biochemistry, the glutamate–glutamine cycle is a cyclic metabolic pathway which maintains an adequate supply of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the central nervous system. Neurons are unable to synthesize either the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, or the inhibitory GABA from glucose. Discoveries of glutamat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A wealth of literature exists on the defensive chemistry of secondary metabolites produced by terrestrial plants and their antagonistic effects on pests and pathogens, likely owing to the fact that human society depends upon large-scale agricultural production to sustain global commerce. Since the 1950s, over 200,000 s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Binding metal ions to protein and other components of biological material is one of the most popular uses of ITC, since ovotransferrin to ferric iron binding study published by Lin et al. from MicroCal Inc. This is due to some of the metal ions utilized in biological systems having d electron configuration which cannot... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A pre-supposed guiding principle of thermodynamics is the conservation of energy. The total energy of a system is the sum of its internal energy, of its potential energy as a whole system in an external force field, such as gravity, and of its kinetic energy as a whole system in motion. Thermodynamics has special conce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci was well known for his experimental skills. His notes provide precise depictions of various phenomena, including vessels, jets, hydraulic jumps, eddy formation, tides, as well as designs for both low drag (streamlined) and high drag (parachute) configurations. Da Vinci is also ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The role of inflammation in cancer is not well understood. Some organs of the body show greater risk of cancer when they are chronically inflamed. While there is an association between increased levels of C-reactive protein and risk of developing cancer, there is no association between genetic polymorphisms influencin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Flood Estimation Handbook was published in 1999 and replaces the FSR. It is based on the percentage runoff equation:
where PR is percentage runoff, PIMP is percentage imperviousness of the catchment, SOIL is the soil index and UCWI is urban catchment wetness index. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Buffering Mechanisms such as molecular titration can generate ultrasensitivity. In vitro, this can be observed for the simple mechanism:
Where the monomeric form of A is active and it can be inactivated by binding B to form the heterodimer AB. When the concentration of ( = [B] + [AB]) is much greater than the , this... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
;Grahams law: This law states that the rate at which gas molecules diffuse is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas density at a constant temperature. Combined with Avogadros law (i.e. since equal volumes have an equal number of molecules) this is the same as being inversely proportional to the root of t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In waters of the U.S., Canada and other countries, water quality is monitored to protect the health of the general public. Bacteria contamination is one monitored pollutant. In the U.S., fecal coliform testing is one of the nine tests of water quality that form the overall water-quality rating in a process used by U.S.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Orange peel contains a compound called limonene which is a hydrocarbon compound similar to the rubber that can be used to make balloons. Based on "like dissolves like" principle, rubber balloons can be dissolved by limonene, popping the balloon. If the balloon is vulcanized (hardened with sulfur), the balloon will not ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lavoisier urged the establishment of a Royal Commission on Agriculture. He then served as its Secretary and spent considerable sums of his own money in order to improve the agricultural yields in the Sologne, an area where farmland was of poor quality. The humidity of the region often led to a blight of the rye harvest... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reinforced lipids are lipid molecules in which some of the fatty acids contain deuterium instead of hydrogen. They can be used for the protection of living cells by slowing the chain reaction due to isotope effect on lipid peroxidation. The lipid bilayer of the cell and organelle membranes contain polyunsaturated fatty... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
O concentrations in the ocean have decreased since the 1980s. Part of this decrease is due to increased ocean heat content (OHC) from global warming decreasing O solubility. As solubility in surface oceans decreases, O out gasses to the atmosphere. Increased AOU is likely also contributing to declining ocean O concent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of DNA computing came about as a way to address storage density issues because of the exploding volumes of data information. Theoretically, a gram of single-stranded DNA is capable of storing over 400 exabytes (order of 10 bytes) of data at a density of two bits per nucleotide. Leonard Adleman is credited w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trichloroethyl chloroformate is used in organic synthesis for the introduction of the trichloroethyl chloroformate (Troc) protecting group for amines, thiols and alcohols. It readily cleaves vs other carbamates and can be used in an overall protecting group strategy.
The troc group is traditionally removed via Zn inse... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
VUV detectors are compatible with most gas chromatography (GC) manufacturers. The detectors can be connected through a heated transfer line inserted through a punch-out in the GC oven casing. A makeup flow of carrier gas is introduced at the end of the transfer line. Analytes arrive in the flow cell and are exposed to ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The elementary example operates under quasi equilibrium conditions. Its main quantum feature is the discrete energy level structure.
More realistic devices operate out of equilibrium possessing friction heat leaks and finite heat flow.
Quantum thermodynamics supplies a dynamical theory required for systems out of equil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a liquid is supercooled, the difference in entropy between the liquid and solid phase decreases. By extrapolating the heat capacity of the supercooled liquid below its glass transition temperature, it is possible to calculate the temperature at which the difference in entropies becomes zero. This temperature has bee... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
#The genomes of higher eukaryotes contain many ncRNA-derived pseudogenes and repeats. Distinguishing these non-functional copies from functional ncRNA is a formidable challenge.
#Introns are not modeled by covariance models. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thrust-producing flow which passes through an engines thermal cycle is called primary airflow. Using only cycle flow was relatively short-lived as the turbojet engine. Airflow through a propeller or a turbomachine fan is called secondary flow and is not part of the thermal cycle. This use of secondary flow reduces loss... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Operons occur primarily in prokaryotes but also rarely in some eukaryotes, including nematodes such as C. elegans and the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. rRNA genes often exist in operons that have been found in a range of eukaryotes including chordates. An operon is made up of several structural genes arranged und... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The phase diagram of quark matter is not well known, either experimentally or theoretically. A commonly conjectured form of the
phase diagram is shown in the figure to the right. It is applicable to matter in a compact star, where the only relevant thermodynamic potentials are quark chemical potential μ and temperature... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Depending on whether an assay just looks at a single time point or timed readings taken at multiple time points, an assay may be:
#An end point assay, in which a single measurement is performed after a fixed incubation period; or
#A kinetic assay, in which measurements are performed multiple times over a fixed time int... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Figure 4 shows the difference between relative wind stress and resting ocean wind stress. Data for relative wind stress is obtained from scatterometers. These accurately represent the relative wind stress as they measure backscatter from small-scale structures on the ocean surface, which respond to the sea surface-air ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If the drip rate is quicker than one drop per minute, most of the CaCO will be carried to the ground, still in solution. The leachate solution then has a chance to absorb CO from the atmosphere (or degas CO depending on reaction) and deposit the CaCO on the ground as a stalagmite.
In most locations within manmade concr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium nitrate is used to remove air bubbles from molten glass and some ceramics. Mixtures of the molten salt are used to harden some metals. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The above describes an ideal wake, where the bodys means of propulsion has no other effect on the water. In practice the wave pattern between the V-shaped wavefronts is usually mixed with the effects of propeller backwash and eddying behind the boats (usually square-ended) stern.
The Kelvin angle is also derived for th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cause of Tay–Sachs disease is a genetic defect that is passed from parent to child. This genetic defect is located in the HEXA gene, which is found on chromosome 15.
The HEXA gene makes part of an enzyme called beta-hexosaminidase A, which plays a critical role in the nervous system. This enzyme helps break down a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plasma processing provides interfacial energies and injected monomer fragments larger than comparable processes. However, limited fluxes prevent high process rates. In addition, plasmas are thermodynamically unfavorable and therefore plasma-processed surfaces lack uniformity, consistency, and permanence. These obstacle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An interstitial defect refers to additional atoms occupying some interstitial sites at random as crystallographic defects in a crystal which normally has empty interstitial sites by default. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The lipocalins that have been identified as biliproteins have been found in a wide variety of insects, but mainly in the order Lepidoptera. Scientists have discovered them in the large white butterfly and a number of moth and silkmoth species, including the ailanthus and domestic silkmoths, giant silkworm moth, tobacco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Samuel Van Leer was a well-known ironmaster and a United States Army officer during the American Revolutionary War. He started a military career with enthusiasm with his neighbor General Anthony Wayne in 1775. His furnace, Reading Furnace in Pennsylvania, supplied cannon and cannonballs for the Continental Army. Van Le... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radical Polymerization is used in the curing of acrylic resins in the presence of UV in the industry. Light energy from UV breaks apart photoinitiaters, forming radicals. The radical then react with the polymers, forming polymers with radical groups that then react with additional monomers. The monomer chain extends un... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TGFB1I1 has been shown to interact with:
* Androgen receptor,
* Dopamine transporter
* Hsp27,
* PTK2B,
* PTK2, and
* PTPN12. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Construction is underway for Velocys commercial reference plant incorporating its microchannel Fischer–Tropsch technology; ENVIA Energys Oklahoma City GTL project being built adjacent to Waste Management's East Oak landfill site. The project is being financed by a joint venture between Waste Management, NRG Energy, Ven... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jean-Claude Bradley was a chemist who actively promoted Open Science in chemistry, including at the White House, for which he was awarded the Blue Obelisk award in 2007. He coined the term "Open Notebook science". He died in May 2014. A memorial symposium was held July 14, 2014 at Cambridge University, UK.
One outcome ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Peramivir is the cyclopentane derivative designed with a guanidino group replacing the C-4 hydroxyl group of Neu5Ac2en in the active site, with negatively charged carboxylate group and a n-butyl side chain. 1-ethylpropylamide, diethylamide, dipropylamide and 4-morpholinylamide groups all showed excellent inhibitory ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An aromatic (or aryl) compound contains a set of covalently bound atoms with specific characteristics:
# A delocalized conjugated π system, most commonly an arrangement of alternating single and double bonds
# Coplanar structure, with all the contributing atoms in the same plane
# Contributing atoms arranged in one or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lipid microdomains are formed when lipids undergo lateral phase separations yielding stable coexisting lamellar domains. These phase separations can be induced by changes in temperature, pressure, ionic strength or by the addition of divalent cations or proteins. The question of whether such lipid microdomains observed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is a destructive chromatography detector, used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), purification liquid chromatography such as flash or preparative chromatography (using a splitter), count... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Combustibility is a measure of how easily a substance bursts into flame, through fire or combustion. This is an important property to consider when a substance is used for construction or is being stored. It is also important in processes that produce combustible substances as a by-product. Special precautions are us... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When phospholipids or simple lipids like fatty acids are placed in water, the molecules spontaneously arrange such that the hydrophobic tails are shielded from the water, resulting in the formation of membrane structures such as bilayers, vesicles, and micelles. In modern cells, vesicles are involved in metabolism, tra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the determination of hypochlorite (for example in commercial bleach formulations), a direct titration with thiosulfate can be employed without recourse to an iodometric finish.
: ClO + HO + 2e ↔ Cl + 2OH
: O ↔ SO + 2e </u>
: 2SO +ClO +HO ↔ SO +Cl +2OH
Thermometric iodometric titrations employing thiosul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen probes are used to monitor the penetration of hydrogen into steels, which can cause brittleness, porosity or decarbonization. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since 2019, the energy landscape in the United States has undergone a significant transformation with renewable energy consumption surpassing coal for the first time in more than a century. This shift is indicative of a broader global trend towards renewable energy sources as a result of their decreasing costs and incr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The convection–diffusion equation is a combination of the diffusion and convection (advection) equations, and describes physical phenomena where particles, energy, or other physical quantities are transferred inside a physical system due to two processes: diffusion and convection. Depending on context, the same equatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vitamins that are reducing agents can be pro-oxidants. Vitamin C has antioxidant activity when it reduces oxidizing substances such as hydrogen peroxide, however, it can also reduce metal ions which leads to the generation of free radicals through the Fenton reaction.
::2 Fe + 2 HO → 2 Fe + 2 OH· + 2 OH
:2 Fe + Asco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ciliate, dasycladacean and Hexamita nuclear code (translation table 6) is a genetic code used by certain ciliate, dasycladacean and Hexamita species.
The ciliate macronuclear code has not been determined completely. The codon UAA is known to code for Gln only in the Oxytrichidae. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
, there are two different theories on the information processing that occurs on enhancers:
* Enhanceosomes – rely on highly cooperative, coordinated action and can be disabled by single point mutations that move or remove the binding sites of individual proteins.
* Flexible billboards – less integrative, multiple prote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The compounds are generally prepared by salt metathesis reactions of alkali-metal cyclopentadienyl compounds with transition metal chlorides. Sodium cyclopentadienide (NaCp) and lithium cyclopentadienide are commonly used. Trimethylsilylcyclopentadiene cyclopentadienylthallium (CpTl) are alternative sources. For the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In continuum mechanics, an Arruda–Boyce model is a hyperelastic constitutive model used to describe the mechanical behavior of rubber and other polymeric substances. This model is based on the statistical mechanics of a material with a cubic representative volume element containing eight chains along the diagonal dire... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alkyl nitriles are sufficiently acidic to undergo deprotonation of the C-H bond adjacent to the CN group. Strong bases are required, such as lithium diisopropylamide and butyl lithium. The product is referred to as a nitrile anion. These carbanions alkylate a wide variety of electrophiles. Key to the exceptional nucle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RAFT is one of the most versatile and convenient techniques in this context. The most common RAFT-processes are carried out in the presence of thiocarbonylthio compounds that act as radical buffers.
While in ATRP and NMP reversible deactivation of propagating radical-radical reactions takes place and the dormant struct... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Advanced sewage treatment generally involves three main stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment but may also include intermediate stages and final polishing processes. The purpose of tertiary treatment (also called advanced treatment) is to provide a final treatment stage to further improve the effluen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The complexity of interactions in the human immune system has prompted the generation of a wealth of immunology-related multi-scale omic data. Multi-omic data analysis has been employed to gather novel insights about the immune response to infectious diseases, such as pediatric chikungunya, as well as noncommunicable ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A lone pair of electrons resides on the sulfur atom, giving it tetrahedral electron-pair geometry and trigonal pyramidal shape (steric number 4 with one lone pair; see VSEPR theory). When the two organic residues are dissimilar, the sulfur atom is a chiral center, for example, in methyl phenyl sulfoxide. The energy ba... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Syntrophy, in the context of microbial metabolism, refers to the pairing of multiple species to achieve a chemical reaction that, on its own, would be energetically unfavorable. The best studied example of this process is the oxidation of fermentative end products (such as acetate, ethanol and butyrate) by organisms s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The WGS reaction is used in combination with the solid adsorption of CO in the sorption enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) in order to produce a high pressure hydrogen stream from syngas. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levan is a naturally occurring fructan present in many plants and microorganisms. This polymer is made up of fructose, a monosaccharide sugar, connected by 2,6 beta glycosidic linkages. Levan can have both branched and linear structures of relatively low molecular weight. Branched levan forms a very small, sphere-like ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In an arrayed screen, each well contains a specific and known sgRNA targeting a specific gene. Arrayed screens therefore allow for detailed profiling of a single cell, but are limited by high costs and the labour required to isolate and culture the high number of individual cell populations. Conventional pooled CRISPR ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Traditionally, SSF has been used in Asian countries to produce Koji using rice to manufacture alcoholic beverages such as Sake or Koji using soybean seeds. The latter produces sauces such as soy sauce or other foods. In Western countries, the traditional manufacturing process of many foods uses SSF. Examples include fe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A major mechanism of resistance against piperacillin-tazobactam is Gram-negative bacteria producing β-lactamases. Other currently known mechanisms include mutations in the active site of penicillin-binding proteins, changes in membrane efflux, or bacteria permeability. Some enzymes, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The insertion of alkenes into metal-hydrogen bonds is a key step in hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions. The reaction involves the alkene and the hydride ligands combining within the coordination sphere of a catalyst. In hydrogenation, the resulting alkyl ligand combines with a second hydride to give the alkan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All methods for assessing druggability are highly dependent on the training sets used to develop them. This highlights an important caveat in all the methods discussed above: which is that they have learned from the successes so far. The training sets are typically either databases of curated drug targets; screened tar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur. These proteins are usually referred to as transcription factors. Enhancers are cis-acting. They can be located up to 1 Mbp (1,000,000 b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* L.I. Mandelstam, Zh. Russ. Fiz-Khim., Ova. 58, 381 (1926).
*B.Ya. Zel’dovich, V.I.Popovichev, V.V.Ragulskii and F.S.Faisullov, "Connection between the wavefronts of the reflected and exciting light in stimulated Mandel’shtam Brillouin scattering," Sov. Phys. JETP, 15, 109 (1972) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another family of carbenes is based on a cyclopropenylidene core, a three-carbon ring with a double bond between the two atoms adjacent to the carbenic one. This family is exemplified by bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenylidene. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Maltose, cellobiose, and chitobiose are hydrolysis products of the polysaccharides starch, cellulose, and chitin, respectively.
Less common disaccharides include: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For superalloys operating at high temperatures and exposed to corrosive environments, oxidation behavior is a concern. Oxidation involves chemical reactions of the alloying elements with oxygen to form new oxide phases, generally at the alloy surface. If unmitigated, oxidation can degrade the alloy over time in a varie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The genes and receptor ligands are as follows:
(Hökfelt et al., 2001; Page, 2004; Pennefather et al., 2004; Maggi, 2000) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If absorption is a physical process not accompanied by any other physical or chemical process, it usually follows the Nernst distribution law:
:"the ratio of concentrations of some solute species in two bulk phases when it is equilibrium and in contact is constant for a given solute and bulk phases":
The value of cons... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adding dense material to treatment helps stop sound waves from exiting a source wall, ceiling or floor. Materials include mass-loaded vinyl, drywall, soundproof sheetrock, plywood, fibreboard, concrete or rubber. Different widths and densities in soundproofing material reduce sound within a variable frequency range. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In February 1862, Lord Kelvin used the existence of the Sun and the stars as an empirical proof that the universe has not achieved thermodynamic equilibrium, as entropy production and free work are still possible, and there are temperature differences between objects. Helmholtz and Rankine expanded Kelvin's work soon a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Process analytical chemistry (PAC) is the application of analytical chemistry with specialized techniques, algorithms, and sampling equipment for solving problems related to chemical processes. It is a specialized form of analytical chemistry used for process manufacturing similar to process analytical technology (PAT)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Applications of phage display technology include determination of interaction partners of a protein (which would be used as the immobilised phage "bait" with a DNA library consisting of all coding sequences of a cell, tissue or organism) so that the function or the mechanism of the function of that protein may be deter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Long-term storage of radioactive waste requires the stabilization of the waste into a form that will neither react nor degrade for extended periods. It is theorized that one way to do this might be through vitrification. Currently at Sellafield the high-level waste (PUREX first cycle raffinate) is mixed with sugar and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first recorded attempt to make copper clad steel wire took place in the early 1860s. Although for over 100 years people had been suggesting various ways of uniting copper and steel, it was not until the period mentioned that Farmer and Milliken tried wrapping a strip of copper about a steel wire. American engineers... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Argentation chromatography is chromatography using a stationary phase that contains silver salts. Silver-containing stationary phases are well suited for separating organic compounds on the basis of the number and type of alkene groups. The technique is employed for gas chromatography and various types of liquid chroma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Water has a very high specific heat capacity of 4184 J/(kg·K) at 20 °C (4182 J/(kg·K) at 25 °C) —the second-highest among all the heteroatomic species (after ammonia), as well as a high heat of vaporization (40.65 kJ/mol or 2257 kJ/kg at the normal boiling point), both of which are a result of the extensive hydrogen bo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are a number of different dielectric mechanisms, connected to the way a studied medium reacts to the applied field (see the figure illustration). Each dielectric mechanism is centered around its characteristic frequency, which is the reciprocal of the characteristic time of the process. In general, dielectric mec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The applications of RNA-Seq are growing day by day. Other new application of RNA-Seq includes detection of microbial contaminants, determining cell type abundance (cell type deconvolution), measuring the expression of TEs and Neoantigen prediction etc. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α-adrenergic agonist. It possesses an α:α selectivity ratio of 1620:1, making it eight times more selective for the α-receptor than clonidine. Unlike opioids and other sedatives such as propofol, dexmedetomidine is able to achieve its effects without causing respiratory depression... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze specific biochemical reactions, including RNA splicing in gene expression, similar to the action of protein enzymes. The 1982 discovery of ribozymes demonstrated that RNA can be both genetic material (like DNA) and a biological cat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transition metal nitrates form a variety of hydrates. The nitrate anion often binds to the metal, especially for those salts with fewer than six aquo ligands. Nitrates are uncommon in nature, so few minerals are represented here. Hydrated ferrous nitrate has not been characterized crystallographically. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxygen cycle refers to the movement of oxygen through the atmosphere (air), biosphere (plants and animals) and the lithosphere (the Earth’s crust). The oxygen cycle demonstrates how free oxygen is made available in each of these regions, as well as how it is used. The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of oxygen ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lees father was a painter in Taiwan. His mother was an elementary school teacher, and his elder brother, Yuan-Chuan Lee, has been a professor in at Johns Hopkins University for 40 years, awarded the honor Special Chair Lectureship in Academia Sinica in Taiwan. Besides, his younger brother, Yuan-Pern Lee, also awarded t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levamlodipine (INN), also known as levoamlodipine or S-amlodipine is a pharmacologically active enantiomer of amlodipine. Amlodipine belongs to the dihydropyridine group of calcium channel blocker used as an antihypertensive and antianginal agent. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in December 2019 and is currently marke... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* "Disintegration of the Radioactive Elements" Harpers Monthly Magazine,' January 1904, pages 279 to 284. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Capillary flow porometry, also known as porometry, is a characterization technique based on the displacement of a wetting liquid from the sample pores by applying a gas at increasing pressure. It is widely used to measure minimum, maximum (or first bubble point) and mean flow pore sizes, and pore size distribution of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organoberyllium structures can consist of an aryl, dineopentylberyllium, beryllocene, phenyl, or terphenyl. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fluorescent particles used in FCS are small and thus experience thermal motions in solution. The simplest FCS experiment is thus normal 3D diffusion, for which the autocorrelation is:
where is the ratio of axial to radial radii of the measurement volume, and is the characteristic residence time. This form was de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Elongation of the polypeptide chain involves addition of amino acids to the carboxyl end of the growing chain. The growing protein exits the ribosome through the polypeptide exit tunnel in the large subunit.
Elongation starts when the fMet-tRNA enters the P site, causing a conformational change which opens the A site f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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