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A protein subject to regulation through raft-associated translocation can undergo activation upon substrate presentation. For instance, an enzyme that translocates within the membrane towards its substrate can be activated by localizing to the substrate, irrespective of any conformational changes in the enzyme itself. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In commerce, the term "polysulfide" usually refers to a class of polymers with alternating chains of several sulfur atoms and hydrocarbons. They have the formula . In this formula n indicates the number of sulfur atoms (or "rank"). Polysulfide polymers can be synthesized by condensation polymerization reactions between... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
20.^ A. R. Piriz, O. D. Cortazar, J. J. López Cela, and N. A. Tahir, "The Rayleigh-Taylor instability", Am. J. Phys.74, 1095(2006) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The solid potassium chlorate is melted into a liquid.
KClO + energy → KClO
The liquid potassium chlorate decomposes into potassium perchlorate and potassium chloride.
4 KClO → KCl + 3 KClO
The potassium perchlorate decomposes into potassium chloride and oxygen.
KClO → KCl + 2 O
The sugar in the candy reacts with oxyge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the past 30 years, isothermal titration calorimetry has been used in a wide array of fields. In the old days, this technique was used to determine fundamental thermodynamic values for basic small molecular interactions. In recent years, ITC has been used in more industrially applicable areas, such as drug discovery... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
(p)ppGpp is created via pppGpp synthase, also known as RelA, and is converted from pppGpp to ppGpp via pppGpp phosphohydrolase. RelA is associated with about every one in two hundred ribosomes and it becomes activated when an uncharged transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule enters the A site of the ribosome, due to the shortage ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a semicarbazone is a derivative of imines formed by a condensation reaction between a ketone or aldehyde and semicarbazide. They are classified as imine derivatives because they are formed from the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with the terminal -NH group of semicarbazide, which behaves very ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Tattvartha Sutra is regarded as one of the earliest, most authoritative book on Jainism, and the only text authoritative in both the Digambara and Śvētāmbara sects, and its importance in Jainism is comparable with that of the Brahma Sutras and Yoga Sutras of Patanjali in Hinduism. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Optical reflectivity and the Brillouin zones are closely linked, since the band gap energy in the Brillouin zone determines if a photon is absorbed or reflected. If the band gap energy in the Brillouin zone is smaller than the photon energy, the photon will be absorbed, while the photon will be transmitted/reflected if... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A lactam is a cyclic amide, formally derived from an amino alkanoic acid through cyclization reactions. The term is a portmanteau of the words lactone + amide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diana E. Northup is an American microbiologist, speleologist, ecologist, Visiting Professor of Biology, and Professor Emerita of Library Sciences with the University of New Mexico. Her research focuses on the microbial ecology of caves around the world. Dr. Northup is a Fellow of the National Speleological Society and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) are the prototypic members of the virus Reoviridae family and representative of the turreted members, which comprise about half the genera. Like other members of the family, the reoviruses are non-enveloped and characterized by concentric capsid shells that encapsidate a segmented dsRN... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The European Union Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive and Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive were adopted in early 2003 and came into effect on July 1, 2006, restricting the inclusion of lead in most consumer electronics sold in the EU, and having a broad effect on consumer electronics sold ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1900 just 13% of the global population lived in cities. By 2005, 49% of the global population lived in urban areas. In 2030 it is predicted that this statistic will rise to 60%. Attempts to expand water supply by governments are costly and often not sufficient. The building of new illegal settlements makes it hard t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemical kinetics, the overall rate of a reaction is often approximately determined by the slowest step, known as the rate-determining step (RDS or RD-step or r/d step) or rate-limiting step. For a given reaction mechanism, the prediction of the corresponding rate equation (for comparison with the experimental rate ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grain boundaries are interfaces where crystals of different orientations meet. A grain boundary is a single-phase interface, with crystals on each side of the boundary being identical except in orientation. The term "crystallite boundary" is sometimes, though rarely, used. Grain boundary areas contain those atoms that ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Examples of response elements include:
* Nuclear receptor response elements – two 6-meric repeats for dimeric binding
** Type 2 NR response elements: direct repeat RGKTCA motifs, canonically AGGTCA
*** Vitamin D response element (VDRE)
*** Retinoic acid response elements (RAREs)
*** ROR-response element
*** Thyr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cell walls are made of a variety of polysaccharides. Protoplasts can be made by degrading cell walls with a mixture of the appropriate polysaccharide-degrading enzymes:
During and subsequent to digestion of the cell wall, the protoplast becomes very sensitive to osmotic stress. This means cell wall digestion and prot... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) also known as alternative splicing factor 1 (ASF1), pre-mRNA-splicing factor SF2 (SF2) or ASF1/SF2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRSF1 gene. ASF/SF2 is an essential sequence specific splicing factor involved in pre-mRNA splicing. SRSF1 is the gene that code... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several models exist to describe chiral induction at carbonyl carbons during nucleophilic additions. These models are based on a combination of steric and electronic considerations and are often in conflict with each other. Models have been devised by Cram (1952), Cornforth (1959), Felkin (1969) and others. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DLVO theory describes the interaction potential between charged surfaces. It is the sum of electrostatic double layer, which can be either attractive of repulsive, and attractive Van der Waals interactions of the charge surfaces. DLVO theory is applied widely in explaining the aggregation and deposition of colloidal an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Three extreme possibilities have been proposed for the mechanism of NPP-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer. They are distinguished by the sequence in which bonds to phosphorus are made and broken. Though this phenomenon is subtle, it is important for understanding the physiological roles of AP superfamily enzymes, and also ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alloenzymes (or also called allozymes) are variant forms of an enzyme which differ structurally but not functionally from other allozymes coded for by different alleles at the same locus. These are opposed to isozymes, which are enzymes that perform the same function, but which are coded by genes located at different l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By far the most common and perhaps standard form of ionization is electron ionization (EI). The molecules enter into the MS (the source is a quadrupole or the ion trap itself in an ion trap MS) where they are bombarded with free electrons emitted from a filament, not unlike the filament one would find in a standard lig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under AC conditions with varying frequency ω, heterogeneous systems and composite materials exhibit a universal dielectric response, in which overall admittance exhibits a region of power law scaling with frequency. . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compounds that have a monocyclic, planar conjugated system containing (4n + 2) π-electrons for whole numbers n are aromatic and exhibit an unusual stability. The classic example benzene has a system of six π electrons, which, together with the planar ring of C–C σ bonds containing 12 electrons and radial C–H σ bonds co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemerin peptides are short peptides (on the order of 9 amino acids) that are produced from the carboxyl terminus of the chemokine chemerin. They display the same activities as chemerin, although at higher efficacy and potency.
A particular synthetic chemerin-derived peptide, termed C15, was developed at Oxford Univers... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From an operational point of view the Hill coefficient can be calculated as:
where and are the input values needed to produce the 10% and 90% of the maximal response, respectively. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Hepatitis B viral protein X is believed to cause hepatocellular carcinoma through transformation, typically of liver cells. The viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell's genome causing rapid cell replication and tumor growth. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Faraday paradox was a once inexplicable aspect of the reaction between nitric acid and steel. Around 1830, the English scientist Michael Faraday found that diluted nitric acid would attack steel, but concentrated nitric acid would not. The attempt to explain this discovery led to advances in electrochemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
James Clerk Maxwell in his 1871 Theory of Heat outlines four stipulations for the definition of heat:
* It is something which may be transferred from one body to another, according to the second law of thermodynamics.
* It is a measurable quantity, and so can be treated mathematically.
* It cannot be treated as a mate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2018, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals became the first company to have a siRNA therapy approved by the FDA. Onpattro (patisiran) was approved for the treatment of polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. hATTR is a rare, progressively debilitating condition. During hATTR amyloidosis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Mediator complex is composed at least 31 subunits in all eukaryotes studied: MED1, MED4, MED6, MED7, MED8, MED9, MED10, MED11, MED12, MED13, MED13L, MED14, MED15, MED16, MED17, MED18, MED19, MED20, MED21, MED22, MED23, MED24, MED25, MED26, MED27, MED28, MED29, MED30, MED31, CCNC, and CDK8. There are three fungal-sp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary limitations of TMM cycloadditions employing diazenes are competitive MCP and dimer formation. To circumvent these problems, either very high concentrations of alkene must be used or the cycloaddition must be intramolecular. Stereoselectivity and site selectivity may also be higher in intramolecular variants... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Acree-Rosenheim reaction is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of tryptophan in proteins. A protein mixture is mixed with formaldehyde. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to form two layers. A purple ring appears between the two layers if the test is positive for tryptophan.
The test was named after t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*AMCA Publication 501 - Application Manual for Louvers provides general information and comments on factors to be considered when designing or specifying installations requiring louvers. It also serves as a guide to understanding the various types of louvers available and includes items to be considered to ensure their... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Michigan PFAS Action Response Team (MPART) was launched in 2017 and is the first multi-agency action team of its kind in the nation. Agencies representing health, environment, and other branches of state government have joined together to investigate sources and locations of PFAS contamination in the state, take ac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Assimilation can be broadly defined as a process where a mass of magma wholly or partially homogenizes with materials derived from the wall rock of the magma body. Assimilation is a popular mechanism to partly explain the felsification of ultramafic and mafic magmas as they rise through the crust: a hot primitive melt ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Margaret Melhase Fuchs (August 13, 1919August 8, 2006) was an American chemist and a co-discoverer, with Glenn T. Seaborg, of the isotope caesium-137. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The geomagnetic field strength and hence precession frequency varies with location and time.
: Larmor precession frequency = magnetogyric ratio x magnetic field
: Proton magnetogyric ratio = 42.576 Hz/μT (also written 42.576 MHz/T or 0.042576 Hz/nT)
: Earth's magnetic field: 30 μT near Equator to 60 μT near Poles, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ff phages have been engineered for applications in biological and medical sciences. Many applications build on experiments showing that the DNA sequence determining resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin can be inserted in a functional form into the non-coding intergenic sequence of fd phage DNA. Such modified phage ar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In aqueous solution, bromocresol green will ionize to give the monoanionic form (yellow), that further deprotonates at higher pH to give the dianionic form (blue), which is stabilized by resonance:
The acid dissociation constant (pK) of this reaction is 4.8. Tap water is sufficiently basic to give a solution of bromocr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several radioisotopes and compounds are used for medical treatment, usually by bringing the radioactive isotope to a high concentration in the body near a particular organ. For example, iodine-131 is used for treating some disorders and tumors of the thyroid gland. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
7-nt primer ligates in the open state of the hairpin, which will block rezipping of the last seven nucleotides and increase the distance between the surface and the magnetic bead by ~5 nm. If the ligation is not successful, no change in the hairpin length is observed. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Dukhin number () is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the contribution of the surface conductivity to various electrokinetic and electroacoustic effects, as well as to electrical conductivity and permittivity of fluid heterogeneous systems. The number was named after Stanislav and Andrei Dukhin. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The liquid used in wet methods can be added directly to the product or via a humid environment. Using a fluidized bed dryer and multiple step spray drying are two examples of wet methods while roller compacting and extrusion are two examples of dry methods.
Advantages of agglomeration for food include:
# Dust reductio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
T cells play an important role in the adaptive immune system. They are capable of orchestrating, regulating and coordinating complex immune responses. A wide array of clinically relevant aspects are associated with the function or malfunction of T-cells: Autoimmune diseases, control of viral or bacterial pathogens, dev... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal carbene complexes have applications in hetereogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, and as reagents for organic reactions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sociophysics uses tools and concepts from physics and physical chemistry to describe some aspects of social and political behavior. It attempts to explain why and how humans behave much like atoms, at least in some aspects of their collective lives. The law of mass action (generalized if it is necessary) is the main to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In isotope hydrology, stable isotopes of water (H and O) are used to estimate the source, age, and flow paths of water flowing through ecosystems. The main effects that change the stable isotope composition of water are evaporation and condensation. Variability in water isotopes is used to study sources of water to str... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Witold Rybczynski and Jacques Hadamard developed an equation to calculate the velocity of bubbles that rise in foam with the assumption that the bubbles are spherical with a radius .
with velocity in units of centimeters per second. ρ and ρ is the density for a gas and liquid respectively in units of g/cm and ῃ and ῃ i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human activities have also dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle via production of nitrogenous gases, associated with the global atmospheric nitrogen pollution. There are multiple sources of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) fluxes. Agricultural sources of reactive nitrogen can produce atmospheric emission o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* American Institute of Hydrology (AIH)
*Geological Society of America (GSA) – Hydrogeology Division
* American Geophysical Union (AGU) – Hydrology Section
* National Ground Water Association (NGWA)
* American Water Resources Association
* Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAH... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrons form notional shells around the nucleus. These are naturally in a ground state but can be excited by the absorption of energy from light (photons), magnetic fields, or interaction with a colliding particle (typically other electrons).
Electrons that populate a shell are said to be in a bound state. The energ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An improvement on optical mapping, called "Nanocoding", has potential to boost throughput by trapping elongated DNA molecules in nanoconfinements. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photoelectrochemistry has been intensively studied in the field of hydrogen production from water and solar energy. The photoelectrochemical splitting of water was historically discovered by Fujishima and Honda in 1972 onto TiO electrodes. Recently many materials have shown promising properties to split efficiently wat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In materials science, the yield strength anomaly refers to materials wherein the yield strength (i.e., the stress necessary to initiate plastic yielding) increases with temperature.
For the majority of materials, the yield strength decreases with increasing temperature. In metals, this decrease in yield strength is du... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cobalt oleate can be synthesized by heating a solution of sodium oleate and cobalt(II) chloride to 70 °C. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In recursive directional ligation, the gene encoding the monomer is inserted into a plasmid with restriction sites that are recognized by at least two endonucleases. The endonucleases will cut the plasmid, releasing the gene of interest. Then, this single gene is inserted into a recipient plasmid vector already contain... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For most reactions the activation enthalpy and activation entropy are unknown, but, if these parameters have been measured and a linear relationship is found to exist (meaning an LFER was found to hold), the following equation describes the relationship between and :
Inserting the Gibbs free-energy equation and combin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Automated treatment planning has become an integrated part of radiotherapy treatment planning. There are in general two approaches of automated planning. 1) Knowledge based planning where the treatment planning system has a library of high quality plans, from which it can predict the target and dose-volume histogram of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a first-order reaction (including a unimolecular one-step process), there is a direct relationship between the unimolecular rate constant and the half-life of the reaction: . Transition state theory gives a relationship between the rate constant and the Gibbs free energy of activation a quantity that can be regar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Before the 20th century in Europe, sewers usually discharged into a body of water such as a river, lake, or ocean. There was no treatment, so the breakdown of the human waste was left to the ecosystem. This could lead to satisfactory results if the assimilative capacity of the ecosystem is sufficient which is nowadays ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
GC content is found to be variable with different organisms, the process of which is envisaged to be contributed to by variation in selection, mutational bias, and biased recombination-associated DNA repair.
The average GC-content in human genomes ranges from 35% to 60% across 100-Kb fragments, with a mean of 41%. The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, methenium (also called methylium, carbenium, methyl cation, or protonated methylene) is a cation with the formula . It can be viewed as a methylene radical (:) with an added proton (), or as a methyl radical (•) with one electron removed. It is a carbocation and an enium ion, making it the simples... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition, it is involved in developing the Neo-GI Augment, a gastrointestinal development program; and Neo-Vessel Replacement, which targets various blood vessel applications consisting of vascular access grafts, arteriovenous, and shunts for patients with ESRD (end stage renal disease) undergoing hemodialysis treat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A harpoon reaction is a type of chemical reaction, first proposed by Michael Polanyi in 1920, whose mechanism (also called the harpooning mechanism) involves two neutral reactants undergoing an electron transfer over a relatively long distance to form ions that then attract each other closer together. For example, a me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A 5-step process to synthesise levobupivacaine from N-CBZ (S)-lysine, published in 1996, is depicted in Scheme 1. The key steps in this process include oxidative de-animation and stereospecific ring closure to form the pipecolamide core structure. This method is claimed to be efficient, but showed to be dangerous for m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The entire list of functions of UCP2 and UCP3 is not known. However, studies indicate that these proteins are involved in a negative-feedback loop limiting the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Current scientific consensus states that UCP2 and UCP3 perform proton transportation only when activation specie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drago (Ohio St, 1954) < Sisler (Illinois, 1939) < Audrieth (Cornell, 1926) < Browne (Cornell, 1903) < Dennis (Michigan, 1886) < Hempel (Heidelberg, 1873) < Robert Bunsen (Göttingen, 1830) < Friedrich Stromeyer (Göttingen, 1800) < Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (Paris, 1790) < Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy (Paris, 1780) ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some early literary works allude to lost-wax casting. Columella, a Roman writer of the 1st century AD, mentions the processing of wax from beehives in De Re Rustica, perhaps for casting, as does Pliny the Elder, who details a sophisticated procedure for making Punic wax. One Greek inscription refers to the payment of c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The weak beta emission is stopped by the walls of laboratory glassware. Soft X-rays are emitted when the beta particles are stopped, but as long as the body is kept more than 30 cm away these should pose no problem. The primary hazard when working with technetium is inhalation of dust; such radioactive contamination in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In deriving the first equation, Darken referenced Simgelskas and Kirkendall's experiment, which tested the mechanisms and rates of diffusion and gave rise to the concept now known as the Kirkendall effect. For the experiment, inert molybdenum wires were placed at the interface between copper and brass components, and t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The basic technique for the detection of RFLPs involves fragmenting a sample of DNA with the application of a restriction enzyme, which can selectively cleave a DNA molecule wherever a short, specific sequence is recognized in a process known as a restriction digest. The DNA fragments produced by the digest are then se... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Surface roughness has a strong effect on the contact angle and wettability of a surface. The effect of roughness depends on if the droplet will wet the surface grooves or if air pockets will be left between the droplet and the surface.
If the surface is wetted homogeneously, the droplet is in Wenzel state. In Wenzel st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) is a direct band gap material. It has the highest efficiency (~20%) among all commercially significant thin film materials (see CIGS solar cell). Traditional methods of fabrication involve vacuum processes including co-evaporation and sputtering. Recent developments at IBM and Nano... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Al-Kindi was a master of many different areas of thought and was held to be one of the greatest philosophers. His influence in the fields of physics, mathematics, medicine, philosophy, and music were far-reaching and lasted for several centuries. Ibn al-Nadim in his praised al-Kindi and his work stating:
Al-Kindi's ma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The α and β anomers are diastereomers of each other and usually have different specific rotations. A solution or liquid sample of a pure α anomer will rotate plane polarised light by a different amount and/or in the opposite direction than the pure β anomer of that compound. The optical rotation of the solution depends... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If any method is ever successful, a suggestion has been made to introduce the hybrids to a wildlife reserve in Siberia called the Pleistocene Park, but some biologists question the ethics of such recreation attempts. In addition to the technical problems, not much habitat is left that would be suitable for mammoth–elep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Good flow properties of granules and powders are important in the manufacturing of tablets and capsules. The distribution of particles should be uniform in terms of number and weight. Very small particle size causes attraction, which in turn destabilises the suspension by coagulating. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tacticity (from , "relating to arrangement or order") is the relative stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centers within a macromolecule. The practical significance of tacticity rests on the effects on the physical properties of the polymer. The regularity of the macromolecular structure influences the degree to which i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sustainable engineering is the process of designing or operating systems such that they use energy and resources sustainably, in other words, at a rate that does not compromise the natural environment, or the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The model represents individuals as networks of interacting transcriptional regulators. Each individual expresses genes encoding transcription factors. The product of each gene can regulate the expression level of itself and/or the other genes through cis-regulatory elements. The interactions among genes constitute a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Perhaps one of the most studied materials to exhibit negative thermal expansion is zirconium tungstate (). This compound contracts continuously over a temperature range of 0.3 to 1050 K (at higher temperatures the material decomposes). Other materials that exhibit NTE behaviour include other members of the family of m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This section contains a discussion of the three most important properties of time reversal in quantum mechanics; chiefly,
# that it must be represented as an anti-unitary operator,
# that it protects non-degenerate quantum states from having an electric dipole moment,
# that it has two-dimensional representations with ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Virtual screening (VS) is a computational technique used in drug discovery to search libraries of small molecules in order to identify those structures which are most likely to bind to a drug target, typically a protein receptor or enzyme.
Virtual screening has been defined as "automatically evaluating very large libra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An equation similar to that of Kelvin can be derived for the solubility of small particles or droplets in a liquid, by means of the connection between vapour pressure and solubility, thus the Kelvin equation also applies to solids, to slightly soluble liquids, and their solutions if the partial pressure is replaced b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the type II reaction centers are structurally and sequentially analogous to photosystem II (PSII) in plant chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, known organisms that exhibit anoxygenic photosynthesis do not have a region analogous to the oxygen-evolving complex of PSII.
The electron transport chain of purple non-sul... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Masri is the visionary and founder of Rawabi City, and oversees the construction and development of the city. Rawabi City is a high-tech planned city, the first of its kind in Palestine, and it was funded fully by the private sector, Rawabi is considered the largest private sector investment is Palestine's history, the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A wide range of organosulfur compounds are known which contain one or more halogen atom ("X" in the chemical formulas that follow) bonded to a single sulfur atom, e.g.: sulfenyl halides, RSX; sulfinyl halides, RS(O)X; sulfonyl halides, RSOX; alkyl and arylsulfur trichlorides, RSCl and trifluorides, RSF; and alkyl and a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) or lower consolute temperature is the critical temperature below which the components of a mixture are miscible in all proportions. The word lower indicates that the LCST is a lower bound to a temperature interval of partial miscibility, or miscibility for certain composit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to common uses previously mentioned, FRET and BRET are also effective in the study of biochemical reaction kinetics. FRET is increasingly used for monitoring pH dependent assembly and disassembly and is valuable in the analysis of nucleic acids encapsulation. This technique can be used to determine factors ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A solar cells quantum efficiency value indicates the amount of current that the cell will produce when irradiated by photons of a particular wavelength. If the cells quantum efficiency is integrated over the whole solar electromagnetic spectrum, one can evaluate the amount of current that the cell will produce when exp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This gene encodes an E26 transformation-specific related transcription factor. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in lymphoid cells and can act as both an enhancer and a repressor to regulate transcription of various genes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to a more specific definition presented by Trasatti, the absolute electrode potential is the difference in electronic energy between a point inside the metal (Fermi level) of an electrode and a point outside the electrolyte in which the electrode is submerged (an electron at rest in vacuum).
This potential is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some nonerythroid cells (i.e., cells other than the red blood cell line) contain hemoglobin. In the brain, these include the A9 dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, astrocytes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and in all mature oligodendrocytes. It has been suggested that brain hemoglobin in these cells ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The petite is characterized by a deficiency in cytochromes (a, a3 + b) and a lack of respiratory enzymes which engage in respiration in mitochondria. Due to the error in the respiratory chain pathway, petite yeast is incapable of growing on media containing only non-fermentable carbon sources (such as glycerol or ethan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many kinds of pollutants have been proposed, but few have been demonstrated in solving environmental challenges.
*Cadmium (Cd) is converted to immobile Cd metal.
*Chloramines are effectively reduced by ZVI.
*nitrate reduction by iron powder is observed only at pH≤4. Ammonia is the end product. Using nanoscale iron N ga... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The five atoms bonded to the central atom are not all equivalent, and two different types of position are defined. For phosphorus pentachloride as an example, the phosphorus atom shares a plane with three chlorine atoms at 120° angles to each other in equatorial positions, and two more chlorine atoms above and below th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term amphibolism () is used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is a degradative phase of metabolism in which large molecules are converted into smaller and simpler molecules, which involves two types of reactions. First, hydrolysis reactions, in which catabolis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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