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TFA is a heterodimer with two subunits: one large unprocessed (subunit 1, or alpha/beta; gene name ) and one small (subunit 2, or gamma; gene name ). It was originally believed to be a heterotrimer of an alpha (p35), a beta (p19) and a gamma subunit (p12). In humans, the sizes of the encoded proteins are approximately ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hard solders are used for brazing, and melt at higher temperatures. Alloys of copper with either zinc or silver are the most common.
In silversmithing or jewelry making, special hard solders are used that will pass assay. They contain a high proportion of the metal being soldered and lead is not used in these alloys. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
*CAB Abstracts
*Chemical Abstracts Service
*Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
*Science Citation Index Expanded
*Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.561. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Environmental Residue Effects Database (ERED) is a database maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that pairs data regarding the bioaccumulation of toxicants in tissue (via tissue residue) to endpoint effects such as mortality, growth, or physiological and biochemical responses. Response data also include l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1859, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville in France developed a method for making alumina by heating bauxite in sodium carbonate, NaCO, at 1200 °C, leaching the sodium aluminate formed with water, then precipitating aluminium hydroxide by carbon dioxide, CO, which was then filtered and dried. This process is known a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bisulfite sequencing (also known as bisulphite sequencing) is the use of bisulfite treatment of DNA before routine sequencing to determine the pattern of methylation. DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark, and remains the most studied. In animals it predominantly involves the addition of a methyl gro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Uniporters, also known as solute carriers or facilitated transporters, are a type of membrane transport protein that passively transports solutes (small molecules, ions, or other substances) across a cell membrane. It uses facilitated diffusion for the movement of solutes down their concentration gradient from an area... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DAVID provides a comprehensive set of functional annotation tools for investigators to understand biological meaning behind large list of genes. For any given gene list, DAVID tools are able to:
* Identify enriched biological themes, particularly GO terms
* Discover enriched functional-related gene groups
* Cluster red... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the dimension of the lattice rises to four or more, rotations need no longer be planar; the 2D proof is inadequate. However, restrictions still apply, though more symmetries are permissible. For example, the hypercubic lattice has an eightfold rotational symmetry, corresponding to an eightfold rotational symmetry ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The narrowness of the band of colors that a monochromator can generate is related to the focal length of the monochromator collimators. Using a longer focal length optical system also unfortunately decreases the amount of light that can be accepted from the source. Very high resolution monochromators might have a focal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
: MARS include identification and selection of several genomic regions (up to 20 or even more) for complex traits within a single population. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
He has spent most of his professional life at the “Giacomo Ciamician” Department of Chemistry of the University of Bologna, becoming full professor in 1973. He has been appointed emeritus professor on November 1, 2010. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 2009 Nexxus Young Life Scientist of the Year
* 2013 Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Joseph Black Award
* 2016 Top 50 Women in Analytical Science
* 2016 Coblentz Society Craver Award
* 2017 The Analytical Scientist Top 10 Spectroscopists
* 2018 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE)
* 2023 The Analy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A common route to primary amidines is the Pinner reaction. Reaction of the nitrile with alcohol in the presence of acid gives an iminoether. Treatment of the resulting compound with ammonia then completes the conversion to the amidine. Instead of using a Bronsted acid, Lewis acids such as aluminium trichloride promote ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TEOS-10 is based on thermodynamic potentials. Fluids like humid air and liquid water in TEOS-10 are therefore described by the Helmholtz energy F(m,T,V)=F(m,T,m/ρ) or the specific Helmholtz-energy f(T,ρ)=F(m,T,m/ρ)/m. The Helmholtz energy has a unique value across phase boundaries. For the calculation of the thermodyna... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Different organisms may be used to express a genes target protein, and the expression vector used will therefore have elements specific for use in the particular organism. The most commonly used organism for protein production is the bacterium Escherichia coli. However, not all proteins can be successfully expressed in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 1999 – 2000 member of the founding committee of the Groningen Genomics Centre of the University of Groningen
* 1999 – 2007 member of the board of directors of the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB) of the University of Groningen
* 2000 – 2007 chairman of the Genetics Cluster of the Univ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The group of C. Dekker (Delft University) directly probed the interactions involved in homology search by combining magnetic and optical tweezers. They have found that homology search and recognition requires opening of the helix and can therefore be accelerated by unwinding the DNA. This is exactly the energy barrier ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In some instances, an mRNA will be edited, changing the nucleotide composition of that mRNA. An example in humans is the apolipoprotein B mRNA, which is edited in some tissues, but not others. The editing creates an early stop codon, which, upon translation, produces a shorter protein. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Allyl thiocyanate isomerizes to the isothiocyanate:
Isothiocyanates can be prepared by degradation of dithiocarbamate salts, e.g. induced with lead nitrate.
A related method is tosyl chloride-mediated decomposition of dithiocarbamate salts.
Isothiocyanates may also be accessed by the fragmentation reactions of 1,4,2-ox... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Places significantly impacted by acid rain around the globe include most of eastern Europe from Poland northward into Scandinavia, the eastern third of the United States, and southeastern Canada. Other affected areas include the southeastern coast of China and Taiwan. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Denagliptin (Figure 6) is an advanced compound with a branched side-chain at the P2 position, but also has (4S)-fluoro substitution on the cyanopyrrolidine ring. It is a well-known DPP-4 inhibitor developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). Biological evaluations have shown that the S-configuration of the amino acid portion is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Distillation and absorption separation processes using packed beds for vapor and liquid contacting have an equivalent concept referred to as the plate height or the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP). HETP arises from the same concept of equilibrium stages as does the theoretical plate and is numerically... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2008, a California physician transferred 12 embryos to a woman who gave birth to octuplets (Suleman octuplets). This led to accusations that a doctor is willing to endanger the health and even life of people in order to gain money. Robert Winston, professor of fertility studies at Imperial College London, had called... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cannabinoid receptors are G-protein coupled receptors located on the pre-synaptic membrane. While there have been some papers that have linked concurrent stimulation of dopamine and CB receptors to an acute rise in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, it is generally accepted that CB activation via cannabi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Nikolaou, A., Meric, S., & Fatta, D. (2007). Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 387, 1225–1234.
*Klavarioti, M., Mantzavinos, D., & Kassinos, D. (2009). Removal of residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced oxidation proce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Clarke number or clarke is the relative abundance of a chemical element, typically in Earths crust. The technical definition of "Earths crust" varies among authors, and the actual numbers also vary significantly. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The PI3K pathway is a major source of drug resistance in prostate cancer. This is particularly true in castration-resistant prostate cancer, where tumours become resistant to androgen-deprivation therapy, which block the tumours ability to utilise the hormone androgen to grow. This is due to a complex feedback mechanis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*SDHA NM_004168 Succinate Dehydrogenase subunit A
*SDHAF2 NM_017841
*SDHB NM_002973 Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q)
*S... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ehrlichs reagent or Ehrlich reagent is a reagent containing p'-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) and thus can act as an indicator to presumptively identify indoles and urobilinogen. Several Ehrlich tests use the reagent in a medical test; some are drug tests and others contribute to diagnosis of various diseases or adve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Contraindications, conditions that warrant withholding treatment with lovastatin, include pregnancy, breast feeding, and liver disease. Lovastatin is contraindicated during pregnancy (Pregnancy Category X); it may cause birth defects such as skeletal deformities or learning disabilities. Owing to its potential to disru... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In most theories of this state, it is supposed that vacancies – empty sites normally occupied by particles in an ideal crystal – lead to supersolidity. These vacancies are caused by zero-point energy, which also causes them to move from site to site as waves. Because vacancies are bosons, if such clouds of vacancies ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The characteristics of steel, in particular the carbon and chromium content, can be controlled by adjusting the oxygen/argon ratio during the manufacturing process. The oxygen/argon ratio is also important in the creation of thin films used in the manufacture of lithium ion batteries. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phytostabilisation is a form of phytoremediation that uses hyperaccumulator plants for long-term stabilisation and containment of tailings, by sequestering pollutants in soil near the roots. The plants presence can reduce wind erosion, or the plants roots can prevent water erosion, immobilise metals by adsorption or ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* In quaternary structure denaturation, protein sub-units are dissociated and/or the spatial arrangement of protein subunits is disrupted.
* Tertiary structure denaturation involves the disruption of:
** Covalent interactions between amino acid side-chains (such as disulfide bridges between cysteine groups)
** Non-cova... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The TTSI can be calculated with
from equilibrium serum or plasma concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and the assay-specific upper limit of the reference interval for FT4 concentration (l). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The radical decay time of NS alone is on the order of 1-3 ms. As evident by no change to this decay time upon addition of NO or O at ambient temperatures, the NS radical is unreactive with NO and O. However, rapid, first-order decay is observed with the addition of NO. This reaction is proposed to proceed through vario... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Kingdon trap consists of a thin central wire, an outer cylindrical electrode and isolated end cap electrodes at both ends. A static applied voltage results in a radial logarithmic potential between the electrodes. In a Kingdon trap there is no potential minimum to store the ions; however, they are stored with a finit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trace fossils are generally difficult or impossible to assign to a specific maker. Only in very rare occasions are the makers found in association with their tracks. Further, entirely different organisms may produce identical tracks. Therefore, conventional taxonomy is not applicable, and a comprehensive form of taxono... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Albert Jakob Eschenmoser (5 August 1925 – 14 July 2023) was a Swiss organic chemist, best known for his work on the synthesis of complex heterocyclic natural compounds, most notably vitamin B. In addition to his significant contributions to the field of organic synthesis, Eschenmoser pioneered work in the Origins of Li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inosine chemical erasing (ICE) refer to a process in which acrylonitrile is reacted with inosine to form N1-cyanoethylinosine (ce1I). This serves to stall reverse transcriptase and lead to truncated cDNA molecules. This was combined with deep-sequencing in a developed method called ICE-seq. Computational methods for au... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although the optical transitions of the Si-V center preserve the electron spin, the rapid phonon-induced mixing between the Si-V orbital states causes spin decoherence. Yet it is possible to use the Si nuclear spin of the Si-V as a qubit for quantum information applications. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1994, Masri founded and now is the chairman of the board of Massar International, since the establishment of Massar, he has been one of the most prominent figures promoting private sector development and growth in Palestine.He has dedicated his life to establishing, investing, transforming, networking, training and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CHAPS is a zwitterionic surfactant used in the laboratory to solubilize biological macromolecules such as proteins. It may be synthesized from cholic acid and is zwitterionic due to its quaternary ammonium and sulfonate groups; it is structurally similar to certain bile acids, such as taurodeoxycholic acid and tauroche... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Northwestern University researchers announced a solution to a primary problem of DSSCs, that of difficulties in using and containing the liquid electrolyte and the consequent relatively short useful life of the device. This is achieved through the use of nanotechnology and the conversion of the liquid electrolyte to a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) or Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are various standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements used to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), also known as carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks, is the C-terminal telopeptide of fibrillar collagens such as collagen type I and type II. It is used as a biomarker in the serum to measure the rate of bone turnover. It can be useful in assisting clinicians to determine a patients no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Irradiated mail is mail that has been deliberately exposed to radiation, typically in an effort to disinfect it. The most notable instance of mail irradiation in the US occurred in response to the 2001 anthrax attacks; the level of radiation chosen to kill anthrax spores was so high that it often changed the physical a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Time to obtain the test result is a key driver for these products. Tests results can be available in as little as a few minutes. Generally there is a trade off between time and sensitivity: more sensitive tests may take longer to develop. The other key advantage of this format of test compared to other immunoassays is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1977, Carl Woese proposed dividing prokaryotes into the Bacteria and Archaea (originally Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) because of the major differences in the structure and genetics between the two groups of organisms. Archaea were originally thought to be extremophiles, living only in inhospitable conditions such ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is however poorly soluble in solvents other than ammonia. Its use has been superseded by the related reagents sodium hydride, sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS), and lithium diisopropylamide (LDA). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140210101323/http://s6.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/aero/cvanalysis/integral_approach.pdf Integral Approach to the Control Volume analysis of Fluid Flow] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A tertiary carbon atom is a carbon atom bound to three other carbon atoms. For this reason, tertiary carbon atoms are found only in hydrocarbons containing at least four carbon atoms. They are called saturated hydrocarbons because they only contain carbon-carbon single bonds. Tertiary carbons have a hybridization of sp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Importantly, the retina is immune-privileged, and thus does not experience a significant inflammation or immune-response when AAV is injected. Immune response to gene therapy vectors is what has caused previous attempts at gene therapy to fail, and is considered a key advantage of gene therapy in the eye. Re-administra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The field of organ printing stemmed from research in the area of stereolithography, the basis for the practice of 3D printing that was invented in 1984. In this early era of 3D printing, it was not possible to create lasting objects because of the material used for the printing process was not durable. 3D printing was ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dicarbaboranes can be prepared from boron hydrides using alkynes as the source of the two carbon centers. In addition to the closo- series mentioned above, several open-cage dicarbon species are known including nido- (isostructural and isoelectronic with ) and arachno-.
Syntheses of icosahedral closo-dicarbadodecaboran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GGT is predominantly used as a diagnostic marker for liver disease. Elevated serum GGT activity can be found in diseases of the liver, biliary system, pancreas and kidneys. Latent elevations in GGT are typically seen in patients with chronic viral hepatitis infections often taking 12 months or more to present.
Individu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Viscosity in gases arises principally from the molecular diffusion that transports momentum between layers of flow. An elementary calculation for a dilute gas at temperature and density gives
where is the Boltzmann constant, the molecular mass, and a numerical constant on the order of . The quantity , the mean fre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dynorphin B, also known as rimorphin, is a form of dynorphin and an endogenous opioid peptide with the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Phe-Lys-Val-Val-Thr. Dynorphin B is generated as a proteolytic cleavage product of leumorphin, which in turn is a cleavage product of preproenkephalin B (prodynorphi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The energy efficiency and system capacity of systems designed for R-22 is slightly greater using R-22 than the available substitutes.
R-407A is for use in low- and medium-temp refrigeration. Uses a polyolester (POE) oil.
R-407C is for use in air conditioning. Uses a minimum of 20 percent POE oil.
R-407F and R-407H are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acetalisation is the organic reaction that involves the formation of an acetal (or ketals). One way of acetal formation is the nucleophilic addition of an alcohol to a ketone or an aldehyde. Acetalisation is often used in organic synthesis to create a protecting group because it is a reversible reaction.
Acetalisation ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Viral (as well as some eukaryotic) 5′ UTRs contain internal ribosome entry sites, which is a cap-independent method of translational activation. Instead of building up a complex at the 5′ cap, the IRES allows for direct binding of the ribosomal complexes to the transcript to begin translation. The IRES enables the vira... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The double bond of a glycal allows many other functional groups to be introduced into a monosaccharide. Like an alkene, a glycal can undergo electrophilic addition across the double bond to add in these new atoms such as halogens, epoxides, and nitrogen. The glycal double bond also allows a deoxy position (carbon in th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Click Chemistry is a powerful tool to probe for the cellular localization of small molecules. Knowing where a small molecules goes in the cell gives powerful insights into their mechanisms of action. This approach has been used in numerous studies, and discoveries include that salinomycin localizes to lysosomes to init... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Water body temperature is one of the most ubiquitous variables collected in aquatic biomonitoring. Temperatures at the water surface, through the water column, and in the lowest levels of the water body (benthic zone) can all provide insight into different aspects of an aquatic ecosystem. Water temperature is directly ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The tog is a measure of thermal insulance of a unit area, also known as thermal resistance. It is commonly used in the textile industry and often seen quoted on, for example, duvets and carpet underlay.
The Shirley Institute in Manchester, England developed the tog as an easy-to-follow alternative to the SI unit of m⋅K... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amoxicillin was one of several semisynthetic derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) developed by the Beecham Group in the 1960s. It was invented by Anthony Alfred Walter Long and John Herbert Charles Nayler, two British scientists. It became available in 1972 and was the second aminopenicillin to reach the ma... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pseudouridine (Ψ, 5-ribosyluracil) is the most abundant RNA modification; in fact, at one time it was considered the "fifth nucleotide". This isomer of uridine is found in various types of RNA, such as snRNA, tRNA, small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and many others. Pseudouridine increases the stability of the modified RNA b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1643, the Italian physicist and mathematician, Evangelista Torricelli, who for a few months had acted as Galileos secretary, conducted a celebrated experiment in Florence. He demonstrated that a column of mercury in an inverted tube can be supported by the pressure of air outside of the tube, with the creation of a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The capillary length is a length scaling factor that relates gravity, density, and surface tension, and is directly responsible for the shape a droplet for a specific fluid will take. The capillary length stems from the Laplace pressure, using the radius of the droplet.
Using the capillary length we can define microdro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Used in hydrogeology, the groundwater flow equation is the mathematical relationship which is used to describe the flow of groundwater through an aquifer. The transient flow of groundwater is described by a form of the diffusion equation, similar to that used in heat transfer to describe the flow of heat in a solid (he... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electric trace heating began in the 1930s but initially no dedicated equipment was available. Mineral insulated cables ran at high current densities to produce heat, and control equipment was adapted from other applications. Mineral-insulated resistance heating cable was introduced in the 1950s, and parallel-type heati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Technologically, colloidal crystals have found application in the world of optics as photonic band gap (PBG) materials (or photonic crystals). Synthetic opals as well as inverse opal configurations are being formed either by natural sedimentation or applied forces, both achieving similar results: long-range ordered str... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hexahydroxybenzene trisoxalate is a chemical compound, an oxide of carbon with formula . Its molecule consists of a benzene core with the six hydrogen atoms replaced by three oxalate groups. It can be seen as a sixfold ester of benzenehexol and oxalic acid.
The compound was first described by H. S. Verter and R. Domini... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sigma non-innocence has been extensively discussed for the prototypical example of a copper complex [Cu(CF)] in conjunction with the concept of an inverted ligand field. In 1995, Snyder suggested, based on his quantum chemical calculations, that this formal Cu(III) (d) complex would be more appropriately represented as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zero Carbon World were one of the Sponsors of the 2012 Bath Film Festival which included a showing of Revenge of the Electric Car. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hazards in water distribution systems can be in the forms of microbial, chemical and physical.
Most microorganisms are harmless within water distribution systems. However, when infectious microorganisms enter the systems, they form biofilms and create microbial hazards to the users. Biofilms are usually formed near th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If two systems, and , have identical intensive variables, a thermodynamic operation of wall removal can compose them into a single system, , with the same intensive variables. If, for example, their internal energies are in the ratio , then the composed system, , has internal energy in the ratio of to that of the sy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Types of air pollutant emission sources – named for their characteristics
** Sources, by shape – there are four basic shapes which an emission source may have. They are:
*** Point source – single, identifiable source of air pollutant emissions (for example, the emissions from a combustion furnace flue gas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Forming acyliminium ions from α-hydroxyamides can be done using methanesulfonyl chloride and a base, typically triethylamine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acid-neutralizing capacity or ANC in short is a measure for the overall buffering capacity against acidification of a solution, e.g. surface water or soil water.
ANC is defined as the difference between cations of strong bases and anions of strong acids (see below), or dynamically as the amount of acid needed to chang... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wiggins studied science at the University of Canterbury, but although she wanted to continue in physics, women at the university were not allowed to progress past stage one. Having switched to chemistry, Wiggins then won a scholarship to research at the Davy-Faraday Laboratory at the Royal Institution in London. She th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In these processes, iron ore is brought into contact with reducing gases produced and heated by a separate plant in a closed enclosure. As a result, these processes are naturally suited to the use of natural gas. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*ACVR1 NM_001105 similar to ACVRL1 TGF Beta receptor family Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome
*ACVR1B NM_004302
*CD23 FCER2 low affinity IgE receptor (lectin) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are two main views on the derivation of the Greek word. According to one, the word comes from the greek χημεία, pouring, infusion, used in connexion with the study of the juices of plants, and thence extended to chemical manipulations in general; this derivation accounts for the old-fashioned spellings "chymist"... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Copper Country region of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, the rock was reduced to fragments because further crushing would not result in enough additional copper recovery to be economical. The sand was then usually disposed near the mill. As mills often relied on steam power to operate and water for some of the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wind stress in one of the drivers of the large-scale ocean circulation with other drivers being the gravitational pull exerted by the Moon and Sun, differences in atmospheric pressure at sea level and convection resulting from atmospheric cooling and evaporation. However, the contribution of the wind stress to the forc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to cohesion-tension theory, water transport in xylem relies upon the cohesion of water molecules to each other and adhesion to the vessels wall via hydrogen bonding combined with the high water pressure of the plants substrate and low pressure of the extreme tissues (usually leaves).
As in blood circulation i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Affinitymagnetic separation (AMS) is a laboratory tool that can efficiently isolate bacterial cells out of body fluid or cultured cells. It can also be used as a method of quantifying the pathogenicity of food, blood or feces. Another laboratory separation tool is the immunomagnetic separation (IMS), which is more suit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In step-growth polymerization, the Carothers equation (or Carothers' equation) gives the degree of polymerization, , for a given fractional monomer conversion, .
There are several versions of this equation, proposed by Wallace Carothers, who invented nylon in 1935. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, "FRET" refers to situations where the donor and acceptor proteins (or "fluorophores") are of two different types. In many biological situations, however, researchers might need to examine the interactions between two, or more, proteins of the same type—or indeed the same protein with itself, for example if ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eventually, quantitative experiments revealed problems, including the fact that some metals gained weight after they burned, even though they were supposed to have lost phlogiston.
Some phlogiston proponents, like Robert Boyle, explained this by concluding that phlogiston has negative mass; others, such as Louis-Bernar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
New technologies in genomics have changed the way researchers approach both basic and translational research. With approaches such as exome sequencing, it is possible to significantly enhance the data generated from individual genomes which has put forth a series of questions on how to deal with the vast amount of info... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polyionic polymers are polymers with an ionic functional group. The ionic charges prevent the formation of tightly coiled polymer chains. This allows them to contribute more to viscosity in their stretched state, because the stretched-out polymer takes up more space. This is also the reason gel hardens. See polyelectro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The E. coli strain W3110 was genetically engineered to generate 2 moles of acetate for every 1 mole of glucose that undergoes fermentation. This is known as a homoacetate pathway. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The β-selective agonists were developed in the 20th century and are a very valuable class of drugs. In 1901 Jōkichi Takamine isolated the hormone adrenalin, also known as epinephrine. In 1890 adrenalin was first given to asthma patients orally. It had little or no effect because it is metabolized in the digestive tract... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The single-cell eukaryote Paramecium tetraurelia can undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual or clonal reproduction occurs by binary fission. Binary fission involves mitosis-like behavior of the chromosomes similar to that of cells in higher organisms. The sexual forms of reproduction are autogamy, a k... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since its invention by Dr. John T. Gleaves (then at Monsanto Company) in late 1980s,
TAP has been used to study a variety of industrially and academically relevant catalytic reactions, bridging the gap between surface science
experiments and applied catalysis.
The state-of-the-art TAP installations (TAP-3) do not onl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase-4 (PRMT4/CARM1) methylation of arginine residues within proteins plays a critical key role in transcriptional regulation (see the PRMT4 pathway on the left). PRMT4 binds to the classes of transcriptional activators known as p160 and CBP/p300. The modified forms of these proteins are... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most cell types take up iron primarily through receptor-mediated endocytosis via transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) and GAPDH. TFR1 has a 30-fold higher affinity for transferrin-bound iron than TFR2 and thus is the main player in this process. The higher order multifunctional glycolytic enzyme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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