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Some bacteria such as enteropathogenic E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli can induce membrane ruffling by secreting toxins via the type three secretion system and modifying the host cytoskeleton. Such toxins include EspT, Map, and SopE, which mimic RhoGEF and activate endogenous Rho GTPases to manipulate actin polym... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rapamycin and rapalogs (rapamycin derivatives) are small molecule inhibitors, which have been evaluated as anticancer agents. The rapalogs have more favorable pharmacokinetic profile compared to rapamycin, the parent drug, despite the same binding sites for mTOR and FKBP12. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1921, Meitner accepted an invitation from Manne Siegbahn to come to Sweden and give a series of lectures on radioactivity as a visiting professor at Lund University. She found that very little research had been done on radioactivity in Sweden, but she was eager to learn about X-ray spectroscopy, which was Siegbahns ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, coordination number, defined originally in 1893 by Alfred Werner, is the total number of neighbors of a central atom in a molecule or ion. The concept is most commonly applied to coordination complexes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The surface of a metal oxide consists of ordered arrays of acid–base centres. The cationic metal centres act as Lewis acid sites while the anionic oxygen centres act as Lewis bases. Surface hydroxyl groups can serve as Brønsted acid or base sites as they can give up or accept a proton. The surface of most metal oxides ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sources of the energy required for the formation of magma oceans in the early Solar System were the radioactive decay of aluminium-26, accretionary impacts, and core formation. The abundance and short half life of aluminium-26 allowed it to function as one of the sources of heat for the melting of planetesimals. Wi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The dystrophin-associated protein complex, also known as the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex is a multiprotein complex that includes dystrophin and the dystrophin-associated proteins. It is one of the two protein complexes that make up the costamere in striated muscle cells. The other complex is the integri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrolysis of xenon hexafluoride or xenon tetrafluoride yields a solution from which colorless XeO crystals can be obtained by evaporation. The crystals are stable for days in dry air, but readily absorb water from humid air to form a concentrated solution. The crystal structure is orthorhombic with a = 6.163 Å, b = 8.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymers contain different morphologies on the molecular level which give rise to their macro properties. Long range disorder in the polymer chain is representative of amorphous solids, and the chain segments are considered amorphous. Long range polymer order is similar to crystalline material, and chain segments are c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many polymer chemists are concerned with limiting the rate of disproportionation during polymerization. Although disproportionation results in formation of one new double bond which may react with the polymer chain, a saturated hydrocarbon is also formed, and thus the chain reaction does not readily proceed. During liv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The lactate shuttle hypothesis also explains the balance of lactate production in the cytosol, via glycolysis or glycogenolysis, and lactate oxidation in the mitochondria (described below). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to an ancient Hawaiian legend, on the island of Maui near the harbor of Hana there was a village of fishermen haunted by a curse. Upon their return from the sea, one of the fishermen would go missing. One day, enraged by another loss, the fishermen assaulted a hunchbacked hermit deemed to be the culprit of th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemiaminals form from the reaction of an amine and a ketone or aldehyde. The hemiaminal is sometimes isolable, but often they spontaneously dehydrate to give imines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When one substance is dissolved into another, a solution is formed. This is opposed to the situation when the compounds are insoluble like sand in water. In a solution, all of the ingredients are uniformly distributed at a molecular level and no residue remains. A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protein analysis using microPIXE allow for the determination of the elemental composition of liquid and crystalline proteins. microPIXE can quantify the metal content of protein molecules with a relative accuracy of between 10% and 20%.
The advantage of microPIXE is that given a protein of known sequence, the X-ray emi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A system's internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium should be distinguished from a "stationary state" in which thermodynamic parameters are unchanging in time but the system is not isolated, so that there are, into and out of the system, non-zero macroscopic fluxes which are constant in time.
Non-equilibrium thermod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sorption reactions of inner sphere complexes are applicable in the transport and retention of trace elements in soil systems. In particular, the sorbent materials found in nature are often metal-oxide inner sphere complexes.
In nature, this is particularly important for iron and manganese cycling, as both are effected ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The volatilome (sometimes termed volatolome or volatome) contains all of the volatile metabolites as well as other volatile organic and inorganic compounds that originate from an organism, super-organism, or ecosystem. The atmosphere of a living planet could be regarded as its volatilome. While all volatile metabolites... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rubredoxin is an electron-carrier found in sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and archaea. The active site contains an iron ion coordinated by the sulfur atoms of four cysteine residues forming an almost regular tetrahedron. Rubredoxins perform one-electron transfer processes. The oxidation state of the iron atom changes bet... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To obtain a rough idea of what phases might occur, one can use a model that has some of the same properties as QCD, but is easier to manipulate. Many physicists use Nambu–Jona-Lasinio models, which contain no gluons, and replace the strong interaction with a four-fermion interaction. Mean-field methods are commonly use... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are two functionally different classes of disaccharides:
*Reducing disaccharides, in which one monosaccharide, the reducing sugar of the pair, still has a free hemiacetal unit that can perform as a reducing aldehyde group; lactose, maltose and cellobiose are examples of reducing disaccharides, each with one hemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Constructed wetlands can be used to treat raw sewage, storm water, agricultural and industrial effluent. Constructed wetlands mimic the functions of natural wetlands to capture stormwater, reduce nutrient loads, and create diverse wildlife habitat. Constructed wetlands are used for wastewater treatment or for greywater... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silicon in nature is typically bonded to oxygen, in a tetravalent oxidation state. The major forms of solid Si are silicate minerals and amorphous silica, whereas in aqueous solutions the dominant forms are orthosilicic acid and its dissociated species. There are three stable isotopes of Si, associated with the followi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diazomethane is a popular methylating agent in the laboratory, but it is too hazardous (explosive gas with a high acute toxicity) to be employed on an industrial scale without special precautions. Use of diazomethane has been significantly reduced by the introduction of the safer and equivalent reagent trimethylsilyldi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Semiconductors are usually studied in a photoelectrochemical cell. Different configurations exist with a three electrode device. The phenomenon to study happens at the working electrode WE while the differential potential is applied between the WE and a reference electrode RE (saturated calomel, Ag/AgCl). The current i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ḥarbī al-Ḥimyarī () is a semi-legendary Himyarite sage that occurs several times in the writings attributed to the Islamic alchemist Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (died c. 806−816). He is said there to have been one of Jabirs teachers, and to have been 463 years old when Jabir met him. One of Jabirs lost works was dedicated to Harb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In experimental fluid mechanics, Lagrangian Particle Tracking refers to the process of determining trajectories of small neutrally buoyant particles (flow tracers) that are freely suspended within a turbulent flow field. These are usually obtained by 3-D Particle Tracking Velocimetry. A collection of such particle traj... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a cosolvent system, two miscible fluids with different boiling points are mixed to create a zeotropic mixture. The first fluid is a solvating agent that dissolves soil in the cleaning process. This fluid is an organic solvent with a low-boiling point and a flash point greater than the system's operating temperature.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Ernst Schering Prize is awarded annually by the Ernst Schering Foundation for especially outstanding basic research in the fields of medicine, biology or chemistry anywhere in the world. Established in 1991 by the Ernst Schering Research Foundation, and named after the German apothecary and industrialist, Ernst Chr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metabolites produced by marine algae have been found to have many antimicrobial properties. This is because they are produced by the marine organisms as chemical deterrents and as such contain bioactive compounds. The principal classes of marine algae that produce these types of secondary metabolites are Cyanophyceae, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1994, Donald and Kevin Dahm began using numerical techniques to calculate remission and transmission from samples of varying numbers of plane parallel layers from absorption and remission fractions for a single layer. Their plan was to "start with a simple model, treat the problem numerically rather than analytical... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Collaborative Computing Project for NMR (CCPN) is a project that aims to bring together computational aspects of the scientific community involved in NMR spectroscopy, especially those who work in the field of protein NMR. The general aims are to link new and existing NMR software via a common data standard and pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The underlying principle corresponds to that of the Fabry-Pérot interferometer, which is also the underlying principle for the white-light interferometry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Ebbing, Darrell D. and Gammon, Steven D. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_vRm5tiUJcsC&pg=PA837 General Chemistry] (2007) ,
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=NaVq4ztgsD8C&pg=PA59 Nobel Lectures in Chemistry], Volume 1, World Scientific (1999)
*Swaddle, Thomas Wilson [https://books.google.com/books?id=hXpOtkYS5X4C... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
What makes this magnesium blockade of the NMDAR channel particularly significant in terms of LTP induction is that the block is membrane voltage-dependent. The basis of this voltage dependence is relatively straightforward. The NMDAR channel is a transmembrane protein; that is, it spans the cell membrane. As such, it a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In his presentation at a 2019 chemometrics conference in France, Steven Brown called Kowalski the "father" of the following areas of chemometrics: NAS methods (with K. Booksh), multiway methods (with E. Sanchez), heuristics in chemistry (with C. Bender), multi-algorithms in chemistry for “big data” ( > 16 kb).
Respondi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The atomic structure of human uncoupling protein 1 UCP1 has been solved by cryogenic-electron microscopy. The structure has the typical fold of a member of the SLC25 family. UCP1 is locked in a cytoplasmic-open state by guanosine triphosphate in a pH-dependent manner, preventing proton leak. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Once the precursor oligosaccharide is formed, the completed glycan is then transferred to the nascent polypeptide in the lumen of the ER membrane. This reaction is driven by the energy released from the cleavage of the pyrophosphate bond between the dolichol-glycan molecule.
There are three conditions to fulfill before... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sublimation is historically used as a generic term to describe a two-step phase transition ― a solid-to-gas transition (sublimation in a more precise definition) followed by a gas-to-solid transition (deposition). (See below) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Korteweg–de Vries equation (KdV equation) can be used to describe the uni-directional propagation of weakly nonlinear and long waves—where long wave means: having long wavelengths as compared with the mean water depth—of surface gravity waves on a fluid layer. The KdV equation is a dispersive wave equation, includi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a recent study, used 20% enriched uranium dispersed in a range of different matrices was examined to determine the physical locations of different isotopes and chemical elements.
* A solid solution of urania in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) (Y:Zr atom ratio of 1:4).
* Urania particles in an inert matrix formed by... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A chemical transport model (CTM) is a type of computer numerical model which typically simulates atmospheric chemistry and may give air pollution forecasting. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The three-level-amplifier is the template of a quantum device. It operates by employing a hot and cold bath
to maintain population inversion between two energy levels which is used to amplify light by stimulated emission
The ground state level (1-g) and the excited level (3-h) are coupled to a hot bath of temperature .... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plithotaxis, from the Greek word "πλήΘος", denotes a crowd, swarm, or throng. In collective cellular migration, plithotaxis is the tendency for each individual cell within a monolayer to migrate along the local orientation of the maximal principal stress, or equivalently, minimal intercellular shear stress. Plithotaxis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pepper spray designed to be used against people is considered a prohibited weapon in Canada. The definition under regulation states "any device designed to be used for the purpose of injuring, immobilizing or otherwise incapacitating any person by the discharge therefrom of (a) tear gas, Mace or other gas, or (b) any l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioswales experience short, potentially intense, periods of rain, flooding and pollutant loading followed by dry seasons. It is important to take into account how the vegetation selected for the bioswales will grow and understanding what types of plants are considered the best fit.
There are four types of bioswales tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
TRC105 is an experimental antibody targeted at endoglin as an anti-angiogenesis treatment for soft-tissue sarcoma. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Minerals that have the same structure (isomorphic minerals) may have epitaxic relations. An example is albite on microcline . Both these minerals are triclinic, with space group , and with similar unit cell parameters, a = 8.16 Å, b = 12.87 Å, c = 7.11 Å, α = 93.45°, β = 116.4°, γ = 90.28° for albite and a = 8.5784 Å,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TEOS-10 covers all thermodynamic properties of liquid water, seawater, ice, water vapour and humid air within their particular ranges of validity as well as their mutual equilibrium composites such as sea ice or cloudy (wet and icy) air.
Additionally, TEOS-10 covers derived properties, for example the potential tempera... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To measure the rate constants, known concentrations of receptor and ligand are mixed in solution and the quantity of free receptor is repeatedly measured over time as the solution phase reaction occurs. The time course of the free receptor depletion is then fit with a standard bimolecular rate equation.
(4) dLR/dt = k∙... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following definition differentiates an aerobic granule from a simple floc with relatively good settling properties and came out of discussions which took place at the 1st IWA-Workshop Aerobic Granular Sludge in Munich (2004): | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In particle physics and astrophysics, the term strange matter is used in two different contexts, one broader and the other more specific and hypothetical:
# In the broader context, our current understanding of the laws of nature predicts that strange matter could be created when nuclear matter (made of protons and neut... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Veige received a Ph.D. degree in chemistry from Cornell University in 2003 under the direction of Peter T. Wolczanski. He pursued postdoctoral research under the direction of Daniel G. Nocera at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
pRb is a multifunctional protein with many binding and phosphorylation sites. Although its common function is seen as binding and repressing E2F targets, pRb is likely a multifunctional protein as it binds to at least 100 other proteins.
pRb has three major structural components: a carboxy-terminus, a "pocket" subunit,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For glass containers, the goal of surface dealkalization is to render the inside surface of the container more resistant to interactions with liquid products later put inside it. Since the treatment is directed primarily at changing the properties of the inside surface in contact with the product, it is also referred ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ultraviolet sterilizers are often used to help control unwanted microorganisms in aquaria and ponds. UV irradiation ensures that pathogens cannot reproduce, thus decreasing the likelihood of a disease outbreak in an aquarium.
Aquarium and pond sterilizers are typically small, with fittings for tubing that allows the wa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One can also plot the dihedral angles in polysaccharides (e.g. with [http://glycosciences.de/tools/carp/ CARP]). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fission process can be understood when a nucleus with some equilibrium deformation absorbs energy (through neutron capture, for example), becomes excited and deforms to a configuration known as the "transition state" or "saddle point" configuration. As the nucleus deforms, the nuclear Coulomb energy decreases while... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The radio spectrum scope (also radio panoramic receiver, panoramic adapter, pan receiver, pan adapter, panadapter, panoramic radio spectroscope, panoramoscope, panalyzor and band scope) was invented by Marcel Wallace - and measures and shows the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within one or more radio ban... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The PROX process allows for the reaction of CO with oxygen, reducing CO concentration from approximately 0.5–1.5% in the feed gas to less than 10 ppm.
:2CO + O → 2CO
Due to the prevalent presence of hydrogen in the feed gas, the competing, undesired combustion of hydrogen will also occur to some degree:
:2H + O →... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methylene blue is also a photosensitizer used to create singlet oxygen when exposed to both oxygen and light. It is used in this regard to make organic peroxides by a Diels-Alder reaction which is spin forbidden with normal atmospheric triplet oxygen. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the two previous models implied that eRNAs were not functionally relevant, this mechanism states that eRNAs are functional molecules that exhibit cis activity. In this model, eRNAs can locally recruit regulatory proteins at their own site of synthesis. Supporting this hypothesis, transcripts originating from enha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Newman-Kwart rearrangement O-thiocarbamates can isomerise to S-thiocarbamates. This reaction, which generally requires high temperatures, is an important method for the synthesis of thiophenols. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MoOPH is synthesized from molybdenum trioxide by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and addition of the HMPA and pyridine ligands: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Structural variations, such as deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations, and other rearrangements, are common in human genomes. These variations can have significant impacts on genome functions, and have been implicated in many diseases. Linked-read sequencing technology labels all reads that originate from ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a second order nonlinear optical process based on the mixing of two input photons at frequencies and to generate a third photon at frequency . As with any optical phenomenon in nonlinear optics, this can only occur under conditions where:
the light is interacting with matter, that l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The nonradiative process for heat generation of organic PTAs is different from that of inorganic PTAs such as metals and semiconductors which is related with surface plasmon resonance. As shown in the figure, conjugated polymers are first activated to the excited state (S1) under light irradiation and then excited stat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In mass transfer, the sieving coefficient is a measure of equilibration between the concentrations of two mass transfer streams. It is defined as the mean pre- and post-contact concentration of the mass receiving stream divided by the pre- and post-contact concentration of the mass donating stream.
where
* S is the si... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geometric Dynamic Recrystallization (GDR) is a recrystallization mechanism that has been proposed to occur in several alloys, particularly aluminium, at high temperatures and low strain rates. It is a variant of dynamic recrystallization.
The basic mechanism is that during deformation the grains will be increasingly fl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Along with the related organotantalum species, niobium alkylidenes were among the first Scrock carbenes studied. The first syntheses of these complexes involved addition of organolithium reagents lacking β-hydrogens into hindered Nb(V) complexes followed by α-proton elimination. As compared to tantalum alkylidenes, nio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In liquid chromatography:
* Charged aerosol detector electrically charged aerosol is used for the detection of non-UV-absorbing chargeable molecules, especially saccharides and lipids
* Evaporative light scattering detector evaporating non volatile solutes inside a volatile mobile phase for universal detection. used f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The backscattering method is also employed in fiber optics applications to detect optical faults. Light propagating through a fiber-optic cable gradually attenuates due to Rayleigh scattering. Faults are thus detected by monitoring the variation of part of the Rayleigh backscattered light. Since the backscattered light... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The earliest gunpowder recipe and primitive weaponry date to Chinas Song dynasty and the oldest extant guns appear in the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. However, historian Tonio Andrade notes that there is a surprising scarcity of reliable evidence of firearms in Iran or Central Asia prior to the late 14th century. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The four phosphorus atoms are at the corners of a tetrahedron surrounding the palladium(0) center. This structure is typical for four-coordinate 18 e complexes. The corresponding complexes Ni(PPh) and Pt(PPh) are also well known. Such complexes reversibly dissociate PPh ligands in solution, so reactions attributed to P... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Decipium was the proposed name for a new chemical element isolated by Marc Delafontaine from the mineral samarskite. He published his discovery in 1878 and later published a follow-up paper in 1881.
Decipium was considered to be in the cerium group of rare earths.
In 1880, spectral analysis proved that decipium had a h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel and their compounds may be mutagenic, but they may act, however, via a number of different mechanisms. Arsenic, chromium, iron, and nickel may be associated with the production of ROS, and some of these may also alter the fidelity of DNA replication. Nickel may al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Comparative genomics approaches were used to predict the function-relevant variants under the assumption that the functional genetic locus should be conserved across different species at an extensive phylogenetic distance. On the other hand, some adaptive traits and the population differences are driven by positive sel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 – December 19, 2004) was an American chemist and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with organoboranes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Retrotransposons (also called Class I transposable elements or transposons via RNA intermediates) are a type of genetic component that copy and paste themselves into different genomic locations (transposon) by converting RNA back into DNA through the reverse transcription process using an RNA transposition intermediate... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1961, Smith was honored for his teaching by the Manufacturing Chemists' Association. He received the 1982 Wig Distinguished Professor award for excellence in teaching from Pomona College. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the chloromethyl group is a functional group that has the chemical formula . The naming of this group is derived from the methyl group (which has the formula ), by replacing one hydrogen atom by a chlorine atom. Compounds with this group are a subclass of the organochlorines.
The way of introducin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1,3-BPG has a very similar role in the Calvin cycle to its role in the glycolytic pathway. For this reason both reactions are said to be analogous. However the reaction pathway is effectively reversed. The only other major difference between the two reactions is that NADPH is used as an electron donor in the calvin cyc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The areas of scientific interests of Igor V. Komarov are medicinal chemistry and synthesis of model compounds, which can be used to obtain new knowledge in biochemistry, stereochemistry, theoretical chemistry, catalysis. Igor has over 125 peer reviewed research papers, h-index 31, has guided 8 PhD students to date. Igo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term co-receptor is prominent in literature regarding signal transduction, the process by which external stimuli regulate internal cellular functioning. The key to optimal cellular functioning is maintained by possessing specific machinery that can carry out tasks efficiently and effectively. Specifically, the proc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Waterfowl and boats moving across the surface of water produce a wake pattern, first explained mathematically by Lord Kelvin and known today as the Kelvin wake pattern.
This pattern consists of two wake lines that form the arms of a chevron, V, with the source of the wake at the vertex of the V. For sufficiently slow m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following issues are commonly observed during acid-base extraction and typically have simple solutions
* Only one layer is observed in the separatory funnel.
** This is due to using an organic solvent with significant miscibility with water (e.g. acetonitrile). The organic solvent used must be water-insoluble to ob... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prokaryotic photoautotrophs include Cyanobacteria, Pseudomonadota, Chloroflexota, Acidobacteriota, Chlorobiota, Bacillota, Gemmatimonadota, and Eremiobacterota.
Cyanobacteria is the only prokaryotic group that performs oxygenic photosynthesis. Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria use PSI- and PSII-like photosystems, whic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Classic organic reactions exist for the synthesis of acyloins.
* The acyloin condensation is a reductive coupling of esters
* The benzoin condensation is condensation reaction between aldehydes catalyzed by a nucleophile
* Oxidation of carbonyls is possible with molecular oxygen but not selective
* Better alternative ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nickel-based superalloys are used in load-bearing structures requiring the highest homologous temperature of any common alloy system (Tm = 0.9, or 90% of their melting point). Among the most demanding applications for a structural material are those in the hot sections of turbine engines (e.g. turbine blade). They comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In some countries, as Poland, Denmark, India, Indonesia prior to 1997 element 104 had a Soviet proposal kurchatovium and element 105 had an American proposal hahnium. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Intronerator is a database of alternatively spliced genes and a database of introns for Caenorhabditis elegans. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For US food and dietary supplement labeling purposes the amount in a serving is expressed as a percent of Daily Value (%DV). For selenium labeling purposes 100% of the Daily Value was 70 μg, but as of May 27, 2016 it was revised to 55 μg. A table of the old and new adult daily values is provided at Reference Daily Inta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dendrimers have the potential to completely change the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles of a drug. As carriers, the PK/PD is no longer determined by the drug itself but by the dendrimer’s localization, drug release, and dendrimer excretion. ADME properties are very highly tunable by varying dendrime... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SU-8 is a commonly used epoxy-based negative photoresist. Negative refers to a photoresist whereby the parts exposed to UV become cross-linked, while the remainder of the film remains soluble and can be washed away during development.
As shown in the structural diagram, SU-8 derives its name from the presence of 8 epox... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Effusion from an equilibrated container into outside vacuum can be calculated based on kinetic theory. The number of atomic or molecular collisions with a wall of a container per unit area per unit time (impingement rate) is given by:
assuming mean free path is much greater than pinhole diameter and the gas can be trea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methods for predicting liquid properties can be organized by their "scale" of description, that is, the length scales and time scales over which they apply.
*Macroscopic methods use equations that directly model the large-scale behavior of liquids, such as their thermodynamic properties and flow behavior.
*Microscopic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, T-shaped molecular geometry describes the structures of some molecules where a central atom has three ligands. Ordinarily, three-coordinated compounds adopt trigonal planar or pyramidal geometries. Examples of T-shaped molecules are the halogen trifluorides, such as ClF.
According to VSEPR theory, T-shape... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbohydrate Polymers is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the entire scope of carbohydrate polymers and the research and exploitation of polysaccharides. The journal is published by Elsevier. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://www.piercenet.com/cat/dialysis-tubing-cassettes-devices Thermo Scientific]
* [http://www.spectrumlabs.com/dialysis/MembraneDialysis.html Spectrum Laboratories]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131113175438/http://www.fishersci.com/categories/life-science/proteomics/dialysis-and-desalting Fisher Scientific]
* ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The addition of resin to glass ionomers improves them significantly, allowing them to be more easily mixed and placed. Resin-modified glass ionomers allow equal or higher fluoride release and there is evidence of higher retention, higher strength and lower solubility. Resin-based glass ionomers have two setting reactio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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