text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
Dallol is a unique, terrestrial hydrothermal system around a cinder cone volcano in the Danakil Depression, northeast of the Erta Ale Range in Ethiopia. It is known for its unearthly colors and mineral patterns, and the very acidic fluids that discharge from its hydrothermal springs. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Disarming sugars can also be accomplished by adding 1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolane protecting groups onto sugars. These protecting groups “lock” the sugars into a rigid chair conformation. When the sugar forms the necessary oxocarbenium ion, it flattens at the anomeric position. This change in configuration is a high-en... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compared to other biomedical fields, lipidology was long-neglected as the handling of oils, smears, and greases was unappealing to scientists and lipid separation was difficult. It was not until 2002 that lipidomics, the study of lipid networks and their interaction with other molecules, appeared in the scientific lite... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This snail has been studied in relation to human pathology and the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. S. masoni is known to change its host’s (B. glabrata's) behavior via the upregulation/downregulation of neuropeptides such as schistosomin and NPY, and some studies have reported that FMRFamide is aminergic, and may be ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Throughout his career, Oladipo has held various positions, including Head of Division, Environmental and Earth Sciences, CERD, OAU, and membership on the Academic Board, CERD, OAU. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He was awarded the CNRS silver medal in 1998. He is a member of the French Academy of Technology (2000), the Academia Europaea (2002), the European Academy of Sciences (2003), the French Academy of Sciences (2004) and the American Association for Advancement of Sciences (2006). He was recently awarded the Sir Ronald Ny... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arsenic is a ubiquitous naturally occurring chemical element, and the 20th most common element on Earth. Arsenic levels in the groundwater vary from around 0.5 parts per billion to 5000 parts per billion, depending on an area's geologic features, and possible presence on industrial waste. The highest groundwater arseni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The decline in coal consumption in the U.S. has been notable, decreasing by nearly 15% compared to the previous year. This decrease is largely attributed to the reduced use of coal in electricity generation, as more cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives have become available. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aza enolates (also known as imine anions, enamides, metallated Schiff bases, and metalloenamines) are nitrogen analogous to enolates. When imines get treated with strong bases such as LDA, highly nucleophilic aza enolates are generated.
The major benefit of using aza enolates is that they don't undergo self-condensatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Salinosporamide A inhibits proteasome activity by covalently modifying the active site threonine residues of the 20S proteasome. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates with only one simple sugar. They essentially contain an aldehyde or ketone group in their structure. The presence of an aldehyde group in a monosaccharide is indicated by the prefix aldo-. Similarly, a ketone group is denoted by the prefix keto-. Examples of monosa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Different sigma factors are utilized under different environmental conditions. These specialized sigma factors bind the promoters of genes appropriate to the environmental conditions, increasing the transcription of those genes.
Sigma factors in E. coli:
*σ(RpoD) – σ – the "housekeeping" sigma factor or also called as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In combustion, the Williams spray equation, also known as the Williams–Boltzmann equation, describes the statistical evolution of sprays contained in another fluid, analogous to the Boltzmann equation for the molecules, named after Forman A. Williams, who derived the equation in 1958. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The society makes a number of merit awards, four annually and others either biennially or triennially, to acknowledge excellence and achievement in both specific and general fields of science. The annual awards comprise the Morton Lecture, the Colworth Medal, the Centenary Award and the Novartis Medal and Prize. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ion-exchange membrane is generally made of organic or inorganic polymer with charged (ionic) side groups, such as ion-exchange resins. Anion-exchange membranes contain fixed cationic groups with predominantly mobile anions; because anions are the majority species, most of the conductivity is due to anion transport. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Marine snow is made up of a variety of mostly organic matter, including dead or dying animals and phytoplankton, protists, fecal matter, sand, and other inorganic dust. Most trapped particles are more vulnerable to grazers than they would be as free-floating individuals. Aggregates can form through abiotic processes (i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After a sufficiently large time frame to allow hybridization, the array is illuminated with fluorescent light. Those probes on the array that are hybridized to one of the labeled fragments emit a light signal that is captured by a camera. This image contains all raw data for the remaining part of the workflow.
This raw... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Villy Sundström (born February 6, 1949) is a Swedish physical chemist known for his work in ultrafast science and molecular photochemistry using time-resolved laser and X-ray spectroscopy techniques. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several monoclonal antibody technologies have been developed recently, such as phage display, single B cell culture, single cell amplification from various B cell populations and single plasma cell interrogation technologies. Different from traditional hybridoma technology, the newer technologies use molecular biology ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sepro Mineral Systems Corp. is a Canadian company founded in 1987 and headquartered in British Columbia, Canada. The outcome of the acquisition of Sepro Mineral Processing International by Falcon Concentrators in 2008, the company's key focus is the production of mineral processing equipment for the mining and aggregat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cavitand cages are formed by linking bowl-shaped organic molecules called cavitands. The two "bowls" are linked with organometallic complexes.
In order for a cavitand cage to efficiently self-assemble, the following requirements must be met: The cavitand scaffold must be rigid, the incoming metal complex must impose ci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A nuclear gene is a gene that has its DNA nucleotide sequence physically situated within the cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. This term is employed to differentiate nuclear genes, which are located in the cell nucleus, from genes that are found in mitochondria or chloroplasts. The vast majority of genes in eukary... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
I is a beta and gamma emitter. It is used both to destroy thyroid and thyroid cancer tissues (via beta radiation, which is short-range), and also other neuroendocrine tissues when used in MIBG. It can also be seen by a gamma camera, and can serve as a diagnostic imaging tracer, when treatment is also being attempted at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order of decreasing economic efficiency, the common processes for recovery of the solubilized gold from solution are (certain processes may be precluded from use by technical factors):
* Carbon in pulp
* Electrowinning
* Merrill–Crowe process | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In clinical terms, a potentiator is a reagent that enhances sensitization of an antigen. Potentiators are used in the clinical laboratory for performing blood banking procedures that require enhancement of agglutination to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a patient's blood sample. Examples of potentiato... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the harmonic approximation the potential energy is a quadratic function of the normal coordinates. Solving the Schrödinger wave equation, the energy states for each normal coordinate are given by
where n is a quantum number that can take values of 0, 1, 2 ... In molecular spectroscopy where several types of molecula... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Energy and charge are transferred between projectile and target. Some examples of this kind of reactions are:
* (p,n)
* (He,t) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.
Amines, alkyl and aryl alike, are organized into three subcategories based on the number of carbon atom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nearly all cell membranes in animals, plants and fungi maintain a voltage difference between the exterior and interior of the cell, called the membrane potential. A typical voltage across an animal cell membrane is −70 mV. This means that the interior of the cell has a negative voltage relative to the exterior. In most... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acylureas (also called N-acylureas or ureides) are a class of chemical compounds formally derived from the acylation of urea. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The propagation of radiation in a medium that is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and at rest takes place in straight lines and has the same velocity in all directions. Unless if propagating through a vacuum, thermal radiation does decay over time as energy is scattered.
Scattering occurs due to the presence of d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On the contrary to Stokes paradox, there exists the unsteady-state solution of the same problem which models a fluid flow moving around a circular cylinder with Reynolds number being small. This solution can be given by explicit formula in terms of vorticity of the flows vector field. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The National Chemical Emergency Centre (NCEC) is a former UK government agency, now privately owned as part of Ricardo plc, providing information related to chemical accidents (spillages and fires) to emergency services in the United Kingdom and other countries.
The NCEC is headquartered on the Harwell Science and Inno... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ligand field theory (LFT) describes the bonding, orbital arrangement, and other characteristics of coordination complexes. It represents an application of molecular orbital theory to transition metal complexes. A transition metal ion has nine valence atomic orbitals - consisting of five nd, one (n+1)s, and three (n+1)p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Haloalkanes can be produced from virtually all organic precursors. From the perspective of industry, the most important ones are alkanes and alkenes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A sulfonium ion is a positively charged ion featuring three organic substituents attached to sulfur, with the formula [RS]. Together with their negatively charged counterpart, the anion, the compounds are called sulfonium salts. An oxosulfonium ion is a positively charged ion featuring three organic substituents and an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This fitting differs from a standard cross in that two ports have curved inlets. Although it has been used in the past for connecting the drains of back-to-back fixtures (such as back-to-back sinks), some current codes—including the 2006 Uniform Plumbing Code in the United States—prohibit the use of this fitting for th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For applications in materials science dealing with phase changes between different solid structures, pressure is often imagined to be constant (for example at one atmosphere), and is ignored as a degree of freedom, so the formula becomes:
This is sometimes incorrectly called the "condensed phase rule", but it is not ap... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lecithinase is a type of phospholipase that acts upon lecithin.
It can be produced by Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Listeria monocytogenes. C. perfringens alpha toxin (lecithinase) causes myonecrosis and hemolysis. The lecithinase of S. aureus is used in detection of coagula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The great majority of contemporary spectrometers use a mixture of commercially available and bespoke components which users integrate according to their particular needs. Instruments can be broadly categorised according to their general operating principles. Although rotational transitions can be found across a very br... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ectopic is a word used with a prefix ecto-, meaning “out of”, and the suffix -topic, meaning "place." Ectopic expression is an abnormal gene expression in a cell type, tissue type, or developmental stage in which the gene is not usually expressed. The term ectopic expression is predominantly used in studies using metaz... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
High-carbon steel has approximately 0.6 to 1.0% carbon content. It is very strong, used for springs, edged tools, and high-strength wires. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ions or molecules surrounding the central atom are called ligands. Ligands are classified as L or X (or a combination thereof), depending on how many electrons they provide for the bond between ligand and central atom. L ligands provide two electrons from a lone electron pair, resulting in a coordinate covalent bon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a typical PL experiment, a semiconductor is excited with a light-source that provides photons with an energy larger than the bandgap energy.
The incoming light excites a polarization that can be described with the semiconductor Bloch equations. Once the photons are absorbed, electrons and holes are formed with finit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Air pollution emission plume – flow of pollutant in the form of vapor or smoke released into the air. Plumes are of considerable importance in the atmospheric dispersion modelling of air pollution. There are three primary types of air pollution emission plumes:
* Buoyant plumes – Plumes which are lighter than air... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term Dallol was coined by the Afar people and means dissolution or disintegration, describing a landscape of green acid ponds and geysers (pH-values less than 1) and iron oxide, sulfur and salt desert plains. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To operate in this cycle, the desiccant is required to absorb moisture from air coming off of the coil that is colder and about 98% RH and to desorb moisture to air that is warmer and at a lower RH. The desiccant is regenerated by the vapor pressure differential inherent in the RH differences rather than heat or temper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. They are not dangerous to human health but are used to indicate the presence of a health risk.
Each gram of human feces contains approximately ~100 billion () bacteria. These bacteria may include species of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* AM404 – an active metabolite of paracetamol.
* AM1172
* LY-2183240
* O-2093
* OMDM-2
* UCM-707
* VDM-11
* Guineensine
*WOBE437 and RX-055 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The derivation of the method proceeds as follows. First we introduce rank-one (separable)
approximation to the potential
The integral equation for the rank-one part of potential is easily soluble. The full solution of the original problem can therefore be expressed as
in terms of new function . This function is solutio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Romen Efimovich Sova () (5 November 1938 - 22 December 2001), was a Soviet and Ukrainian toxicologist. Corresponding Member of the Ukrainian Ecological Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At least three DNA conformations are believed to be found in nature, A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA. The B form described by James Watson and Francis Crick is believed to predominate in cells. It is 23.7 Å wide and extends 34 Å per 10 bp of sequence. The double helix makes one complete turn about its axis every 10.4–10.5 base... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pisum sativum (garden pea) plants communicate stress cues via their roots to allow neighboring unstressed plants to anticipate an abiotic stressor. Pea plants are commonly grown in temperate regions throughout the world. However, this adaptation allows plants to anticipate abiotic stresses such as drought. In 2011, Fal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The major breakthroughs occurred during the Second World War as the result of research conducted independently in the United Kingdom and the United States into the potential use of herbicides in war. The compound 2,4-D was first synthesized by W. G. Templeman at Imperial Chemical Industries. In 1940, his work with indo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The starting point for the collection of the substituent constants is a chemical equilibrium for which the substituent constant is arbitrarily set to 0 and the reaction constant is set to 1: the deprotonation of benzoic acid or benzene carboxylic acid (R and R' both H) in water at 25 °C.
Having obtained a value for K, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The quinhydrone electrode provides an alternative to the most commonly used glass electrode. however, it is not reliable above pH 8 (at 298 K) and cannot be used with solutions that contain a strong oxidizing or reducing agent. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider a cylindrical duct with axis along direction with radius through which fuel is fed from the bottom and the tube mouth is located at . Oxidizer is fed along the same axis, but in the concentric tube of radius outside the fuel tube. Let the mass fraction in the fuel tube be and the mass fraction of the oxyge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hammond's postulate is useful for understanding the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the stability of the products.
While the rate of a reaction depends just on the activation energy (often represented in organic chemistry as ΔG “delta G double dagger”), the final ratios of products in chemical equilibr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ketenes are highly electrophilic at the carbon atom bonded with the heteroatom, due to its sp character. Ketene can be formed with different heteroatom bonded to the sp carbon atom, such as O, S or Se, respectively named ketene, thioketene and selenoketene.
Ethenone, the simplest ketene, has different experimental leng... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some examples of biologically important molecular motors:
* Cytoskeletal motors
** Myosins are responsible for muscle contraction, intracellular cargo transport, and producing cellular tension.
** Kinesin moves cargo inside cells away from the nucleus along microtubules, in anterograde transport.
** Dynein produces th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zinc can be present in six different forms in soil namely; water soluble zinc, exchangeable zinc, organically bound zinc, carbonate bound zinc, aluminium and manganese oxide bound zinc and residual fractions of zinc.
In toxic conditions, species of Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in zinc-metalliferous soils, beca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LH is released from the pituitary gland along with FSH in response to GnRH release into the hypophyseal portal system. Pulsatile GnRH release causes pulsatile LH and FSH release to occur, which modulates and maintains appropriate levels of bioavailable gonadal hormone: testosterone in males and estradiol in females su... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Full article: Ocean acidification
The pH of the oceans is declining due to uptake of atmospheric CO. The rise in dissolved carbon dioxide reduces the availability of the carbonate ion, reducing CaCO saturation state, thus making it thermodynamically harder to make CaCO shell. Carbonate ions preferentially bind to hydr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1932, organisms were discovered that could convert hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide into acetic acid. The first acetogenic bacterium species, Clostridium aceticum, was discovered in 1936 by Klaas Tammo Wieringa. A second species, Moorella thermoacetica, attracted wide interest because of its ability, reported in 194... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In species of algae that contain a single chloroplast, regulation of chloroplast division is extremely important to ensure that each daughter cell receives a chloroplast—chloroplasts can't be made from scratch. In organisms like plants, whose cells contain multiple chloroplasts, coordination is looser and less importan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crayfish have also been hypothesized as being suitable bioindicators, under the appropriate conditions. One example of use is an examination of accumulation of microplastics in the digestive tract of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) being used as a bioindicator of wider microplastics pollution. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical process modeling is a computer modeling technique used in chemical engineering process design. It typically involves using purpose-built software to define a system of interconnected components, which are then solved so that the steady-state or dynamic behavior of the system can be predicted. The system compon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cation-exchange capacity of a soil is determined by its constituent materials, which can vary greatly in their individual CEC values. CEC is therefore dependent on parent materials from which the soil developed, and the conditions under which it developed. These factors are also important for determining soil pH, w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The borax method of gold extraction has been used by artisanal gold miners in the Benguet area north of Manila in the Philippines for more than 30 years. Some believe it was in practice as early as the 1900s. The method is increasingly being seen as a safe alternative to the widespread use of toxic mercury in artisana... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Here are some GeneRIFs taken from Entrez Gene for GeneID 7157, the human gene TP53.
The PubMed document identifiers have been omitted from the examples. Note the wide variability with respect to the presence or absence of punctuation and of sentence-initial capital letters.
* p53 and c-erbB-2 may have independent role... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ionic compound is named by its cation followed by its anion. See polyatomic ion for a list of possible ions.
For cations that take on multiple charges, the charge is written using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the element name. For example, Cu(NO) is copper(II) nitrate, because the charge of tw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enediynes are organic compounds containing two triple bonds and one double bond.
Enediynes are most notable for their limited use as antitumor antibiotics (known as enediyne anticancer antibiotics). They are efficient at inducing apoptosis in cells, but cannot differentiate cancerous cells from healthy cells. Consequen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vargulin (with the associated luciferase) has applications in biotechnology:
* in a variety of assays, to report gene or gene expression after luciferase have been genetically introduced in cells,
* to detect ATP, that is used in the vargulin/luciferase reaction (cell viability assays).
Although less stable, the Cyprid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dissociation of pyrophosphoric acid generates four anions, , where the charge k ranges from 1 to 4. The last one is pyrophosphate . The pyrophosphates are mostly water-soluble.
Likewise, tripolyphosphoric acid yields at least five anions , where k ranges from 1 to 5, including tripolyphosphate . Tetrapolyphosphoric a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are not many drugs that can effectively treat or reverse obesity. Obesity can increase ones risk of diseases primarily linked to health problems such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and even certain types of cancers. A study revolving around treatment and prevention of obesity using transgenic m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ILs are potential heat transfer and storage media in solar thermal energy systems. Concentrating solar thermal facilities such as parabolic troughs and solar power towers focus the sun's energy onto a receiver, which can generate temperatures of around . This heat can then generate electricity in a steam or other cycle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The Bay, a 2012 found footage-style eco-horror movie about a pandemic due to deadly pollution from chicken factory farm run-off and mutant isopods and aquatic parasites able to infect humans.
* Expedition Chesapeake, A Journey of Discovery, a 2019 film starring Jeff Corwin created by The Whitaker Center for Science a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When placed into solution, salts begin to dissolve and form ions. This is not always in equal proportion, due to the preference of an ion to be dissolved in a given solution. The ability of an ion to preferentially dissolve (as a result of unequal activities) over its counterion is classified as the potential determini... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon-fiber reinforced composite materials can improve efficiency in engineered systems (for example, airframes) by reducing structural weight for given strength and stiffness requirements, but present challenges with manufacturing and certification. High-performance composite components employ many continuous fibers ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sediment that has piled up at the top of the continental slope, particularly at the heads of submarine canyons can create turbidity current due to overloading, thus consequent slumping and sliding. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are causes for deficiency other than low dietary intake of vitamin A as retinol or carotenes. Adequate dietary protein and caloric energy are needed for a normal rate of synthesis of RBP, without which, retinol cannot be mobilized to leave the liver. Systemic infections can cause transient decreases in RBP synth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical Engineering Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of chemical engineering. It is published by Elsevier and was established in 1951. The editor-in-chief is A.P.J. Middelberg (University of Queensland). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In these cells the electrolyte between the electrodes is a water solution of some salt or hydrophylic compound. An essential property of these compounds is that they must be able to undergo redox reactions in order to shuttle electrons from one electrode to the other during the cell operation. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Different grains and their orientations can be observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques such as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) or polarized optical microscopy (POM). Samples are initially cold- or hot-rolled to introduce a high degree of dislocation density, and then deformed at different s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the few known cases of a functional system in which ephaptic coupling is responsible for an observable physiological event is in the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. It was demonstrated in this study that the basket cells which encapsulate some regions of Purkinje fibers can cause inhibitory effects on the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a sterically induced reduction happens when an oxidized metal behaves as, and exhibits similar reducing properties to, the more reduced form of the metal. This effect is mainly caused by the surrounding ligands that are complexed to the metal and it is the ligands that are involved in the reduction chemi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The processes just above have assumed that the boundaries are also impermeable to particles. Otherwise, we may assume boundaries that are rigid, but are permeable to one or more types of particle. Similar considerations then hold for the chemical potential–particle number conjugate pair, which is concerned with the tra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At that time the French Academy of Sciences was organizing a major scientific expedition to Quito, in present-day Ecuador, in order to measure the length of a degree of meridian arc (i.e., latitude) at the equator. This was part of an effort to determine in the precise figure of the Earth in order to settle the scient... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vitamin D supplementation is not associated with a reduced risk of stroke, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or ischemic heart disease. Supplementation does not lower blood pressure in the general population. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In eukaryotic cells the pyruvate decarboxylation occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix, after transport of the substrate, pyruvate, from the cytosol. The transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria is via the transport protein pyruvate translocase. Pyruvate translocase transports pyruvate in a symport fashion with a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If ferritin is high, there is iron in excess or else there is an acute inflammatory reaction in which ferritin is mobilized without iron excess. For example, ferritins may be high in infection without signaling body iron overload.
Ferritin is also used as a marker for iron overload disorders, such as hemochromatosis o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aluminium granules have been found safer and economical compared to atomized aluminium powder. Aluminium granules have lower explosion risk in production and in use of the product itself. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Numerous policies have been put in place since the 1975 oil crisis in order to promote the use of Renewable Fuels in the United States, Canada and Europe. In Canada, these included the implementation of excise taxes exempting propane and natural gas which was extended to ethanol made from biomass and methanol in 1992. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The following topics make up a typical curriculum in environmental engineering:
#Mass and Energy transfer
#Environmental chemistry
##Inorganic chemistry
##Organic Chemistry
##Nuclear Chemistry
#Growth models
##Resource consumption
##Population growth
##Economic growth
#Risk assessment
##Hazard identification
##Dose-res... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The rhodophyte, or red algae chloroplast group is another large and diverse chloroplast lineage. Rhodophyte chloroplasts are also called rhodoplasts, literally "red chloroplasts".
Rhodoplasts have a double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes on the thylakoid membra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Since the oceanic intake of carbon dioxide is limited, CO influx can also be described by the Revelle factor. The Revelle Factor is a ratio of the change of carbon dioxide to the change in dissolved inorganic carbon, which serves as an indicator of carbon dioxide dissolution in the mixed layer considering the solubili... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A chromatography detector is a device that detects and quantifies separated compounds as they elute from the chromatographic column. These detectors are integral to various chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A blocking antibody is an antibody that does not have a reaction when combined with an antigen, but prevents other antibodies from combining with that antigen. This function of blocking antibodies has had a variety of clinical and experimental uses.
The term can also be used for inhibiting antibody, prozone phenomenon ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sensitizers (denoted "Sens") are compounds, such as fluorescein dyes, methylene blue, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are able to absorb electromagnetic radiation (usually in the visible range of the spectrum) and eventually transfer that energy to molecular oxygen or the substrate of photooxygenation proce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Controversy has swirled around the provenance of the copper oxhide ingots. Lead isotope analysis (LIA) suggests that the late LBA ingots (that is, after 1250 BC) are composed of Cypriot copper, specifically copper from the Apilki mine and its surrounding area. The Gelidonya ingots' ratios are consistent with Cypriot or... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.