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Functional null mutations in this gene cause Carney complex (CNC), an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome. This gene can fuse to the RET protooncogene by gene rearrangement and form the thyroid tumor-specific chimeric oncogene known as PTC2.
Mutation of PRKAR1A leads to the Carney complex, associating multip... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Okazaki fragments are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA molecules in eukaryotes differ from the circular molecules of prokaryotes in that they are larger and usually have multiple origins of replication. This means that each eukaryotic chromosome is composed of many replicating units of DNA with multiple ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In genetics, attenuation is a regulatory mechanism for some bacterial operons that results in premature termination of transcription. The canonical example of attenuation used in many introductory genetics textbooks, is ribosome-mediated attenuation of the trp operon. Ribosome-mediated attenuation of the trp operon rel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, the particle number (symbol ) of a thermodynamic system is the number of constituent particles in that system. The particle number is a fundamental thermodynamic property which is conjugate to the chemical potential. Unlike most physical quantities, the particle number is a dimensionless quantity, sp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A single jet meter consists of a simple impeller with radial vanes, impinged upon by a single jet. They are increasing in popularity in the UK at larger sizes and are commonplace in the EU. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An endothermic process is a chemical or physical process that absorbs heat from its surroundings. In terms of thermodynamics and thermochemistry, it is a thermodynamic process with an increase in the enthalpy (or internal energy ) of the system. In an endothermic process, the heat that a system absorbs is thermal ener... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Wien effect is the experimentally-observed increase in ionic mobility or conductivity of electrolytes at very high gradient of electrical potential. A theoretical explanation has been proposed by Lars Onsager.
A related phenomenon is known as the Second Wien Effect or the dissociation field effect, and it involves ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ants typically use trail pheromones to coordinate roles like nest defense and foraging. Ants can produce a trail of defensive secretions that trigger an alarm response within their nestmates. In regards to foraging, an ant can communicate the quality of a food source to its colony; the more rewarding a food source is, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Annulenes may be aromatic (benzene, [6]annulene and [18]annulene), non-aromatic ([8] and [10]annulene), or anti-aromatic (cyclobutadiene, [4]annulene). Cyclobutadiene is the only annulene with considerable antiaromaticity, since planarity is unavoidable. With [8]annulene, the molecule takes on a tub shape that allows... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ENCyclOpedia of Rna Epitranscriptome (ENCORE) is an upgraded version of [https://rna.sysu.edu.cn/encore/index.php RMBase] that a comprehensive epitranscriptome platform with tens of new software and tools, to decode the distribution pattern, metagene profile, biogenesis mechanisms, regulatory functions, interactome... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The theory that metallurgy was imported into Europe from the Near East has been practically ruled out. A second hypothesis, that there were two main points of origin of metallurgy in Europe, in southern Spain and in West Bulgaria, is also doubtful due to the existence of sites outside the centers of diffusion where met... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In healthy adults, the normal concentrations of CRP varies between 0.8 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L. However, some healthy adults show elevated CRP at 10 mg/L. CRP concentrations also increase with age, possibly due to subclinical conditions. There are also no seasonal variations of CRP concentrations. Gene polymorphism of interl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ecdysteroids are arthropod steroid hormones that are mainly responsible for molting, development and, to a lesser extent, reproduction; examples of ecdysteroids include ecdysone, ecdysterone, turkesterone and 2-deoxyecdysone. These compounds are synthesized in arthropods from dietary cholesterol upon metabolism by the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Open pond systems consist of simple in ground ponds, which are often mixed by a paddle wheel. These systems have low power requirements, operating costs, and capital costs when compared to closed loop photobioreactor systems. Nearly all commercial algae producers for high value algal products utilize open pond systems. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The acetonides of small di- and triols, as well as many sugars and sugar alcohols, are common. The hexaol mannitol reacts with 2,2-dimethoxypropane to give the bis-acetonide, which oxidizes to give the acetonide of glyceraldehyde:
:(CHOHCHOHCHOH) + 2 (MeO)CMe → (CHOHCHCHOCMe) + 4 MeOH
:(CHOHCHOCHOCMe) + [O] → 2 OCHCHCH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is an association between high intake of heme iron sourced from meat and increased risk of colorectal cancer.
The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) and World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) concluded in a 2018 report that there is limited but suggestive evidence that foods containing heme ir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many mutagens are highly toxic to proliferating cells, and they are often used to destroy cancer cells. Alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide and cisplatin, as well as intercalating agent such as daunorubicin and doxorubicin may be used in chemotherapy. However, due to their effect on other cells which are also ra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the most commonly used practices to quantitate DNA or RNA is the use of spectrophotometric analysis using a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is able to determine the average concentrations of the nucleic acids DNA or RNA present in a mixture, as well as their purity.
Spectrophotometric analysis is based on... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Equilibrium thermodynamics is the study of transfers of matter and energy in systems or bodies that, by agencies in their surroundings, can be driven from one state of thermodynamic equilibrium to another. The term thermodynamic equilibrium indicates a state of balance, in which all macroscopic flows are zero; in the c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature
as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. It is also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug zidovudine. Although pyrimidine ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A metabotropic receptor, also referred to by the broader term G-protein-coupled receptor, is a type of membrane receptor that initiates a number of metabolic steps to modulate cell activity. The nervous system utilizes two types of receptors: metabotropic and ionotropic receptors. While ionotropic receptors form an io... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Physalaemin is a tachykinin peptide obtained from the Physalaemus frog, closely related to substance P. Its structure was first elucidated in 1964.
Like all tachykinins, physalaemin is a sialagogue (increases salivation) and a potent vasodilator with hypotensive effects. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deep cycling involves the exchange of materials with the mantle. The deep water cycle involves exchange of water with the mantle, with water carried down by subducting oceanic plates and returning through volcanic activity, distinct from the water cycle process that occurs above and on the surface of Earth. Some of the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had an impact factor of 6.88 for 2021.
It is indexed in the following bibliographic databases:
* Cambridge Structural Database (Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre)
* Chemical Abstracts Service/SciFinder (ACS)
* ChemWeb (ChemIndustry.com)
* Chimica Database (Els... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
People who work at fluorochemical production plants and in manufacturing industries that use PFASs in the industrial process can be exposed to PFASs in the workplace. Much of what we know about PFASs exposure and health effects began with medical surveillance studies of workers exposed to PFASs at fluorochemical produc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lactones contribute significantly to the flavor of fruit, and of unfermented and fermented dairy products, and are therefore used as flavors and fragrances. Some examples are γ-decalactone (4-decanolide), which has a characteristic peach flavor; δ-decalactone (5-decanolide), which has a creamy coconut/peach flavour; γ-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An additional use for the injector technology is in vacuum ejectors in continuous train braking systems, which were made compulsory in the UK by the Regulation of Railways Act 1889. A vacuum ejector uses steam pressure to draw air out of the vacuum pipe and reservoirs of continuous train brake. Steam locomotives, with ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioadhesives are natural polymeric materials that act as adhesives. The term is sometimes used more loosely to describe a glue formed synthetically from biological monomers such as sugars, or to mean a synthetic material designed to adhere to biological tissue.
Bioadhesives may consist of a variety of substances, but p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shikimate can be used to synthesise (6S)-6-fluoroshikimic acid, an antibiotic which inhibits the aromatic biosynthetic pathway. More specifically, glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). "Roundup Ready" genetically modified crops overcome that inhibition. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An industrial process control or simply process control in continuous production processes is a discipline that uses industrial control systems and control theory to achieve a production level of consistency, economy and safety which could not be achieved purely by human manual control. It is implemented widely in indu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The expression of the enzyme in adrenocortical cells is regulated by the trophic hormone corticotropin (ACTH). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Coenzyme F is a family of coenzymes involved in redox reactions in a number of bacteria and archaea. It is derived from coenzyme F (7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin) and differs by having a oligoglutamyl tail attached via a 2-phospho-L-lactate bridge. F is so named because it is a flavin derivative with an ab... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since carbon dioxide and oxygen compete at the active site of RuBisCO, carbon fixation by RuBisCO can be enhanced by increasing the carbon dioxide level in the compartment containing RuBisCO (chloroplast stroma). Several times during the evolution of plants, mechanisms have evolved for increasing the level of carbon di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, Berman flow is a steady flow created inside a rectangular channel with two equally porous walls. The concept is named after a scientist Abraham S. Berman who formulated the problem in 1953. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* High-pressure vessel: Vessel in which the diamond anvil cell is loaded.
* Clamp device seals the DAC; which is tightened by closure mechanism with motor driven screws.
* PLC (programmable logic controller): Controls air flow to the compressor and all valves. The PLC ensures that valves are opened and closed in the co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Differential capacitance in physics, electronics, and electrochemistry is a measure of the voltage-dependent capacitance of a nonlinear capacitor, such as an electrical double layer or a semiconductor diode. It is defined as the derivative of charge with respect to potential. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ajivika is a "Nastika" school of thought whose metaphysics included a theory of atoms or atomism which was later adapted in the Vaiśeṣika school, which postulated that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to paramāṇu (atoms), and ones experiences are derived from the interplay of substance (a function of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Starting from the assumption that two wetted surfaces will stick together, e.g. the bottom of a glass cup on a wet counter top, will help to explain the idea of how capillary condensation causes two surfaces to bridge together. When looking at the Kelvin equation, where relative humidity comes into play, condensation t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Signal transduction is realized by activation of specific receptors and consequent production/delivery of second messengers, such as Ca or cAMP. These molecules operate as signal transducers, triggering intracellular cascades and in turn amplifying the initial signal.
Two main signal transduction mechanisms have been i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ammonium is oxidized to nitrate under aerobic conditions
:NH + 2O → NO + HO + 2H
Ammonium oxidation can be treated as part of BOD, so that BOD = CBOD + NBOD, where CBOD is the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand and NBOD is nitrogenous BOD. Usually CBOD is much higher than the ammonium concentration and thus NBOD o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Internal oxidation, in corrosion of metals, is the process of formation of corrosion products (e.g. a metal oxide) within the metal bulk. In other words, the corrosion products are created away from the metal surface, and they are isolated from the surface.
Internal oxidation occurs when some components of the alloy ar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When looking at what affects SVA, one of the main things that come up first is the solvent that is used, and what nanostructure is wanted to be obtained. For example, if a hierarchical structure is desired, a solvent that has a vapor that can selectively mobilize the amorphous polymer chains of a semi-crystalline polym... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fatta-Kassinos received a Diploma in Chemical Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece, in 1993, and completed a M.Sc. in Environmental Management and Education in 1995 from the European Association of Environmental Management and Education (EAEME). She then received her Ph.D. in Chem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnetic nanoparticles do not aggregate easily once the magnet is removed, and therefore are unlikely to block capillaries or cause thrombosis. In addition, iron oxide is biodegradable, and the iron can be reused in hemoglobin or iron metabolism pathways. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Media filters are used to protect water quality in streams, rivers, and lakes. They can be effective at removing pollutants in stormwater such as suspended solids and phosphorus. Sand is the most common filter material. In other filters, sometimes called "organic filters," wood chips or leaf mold may be used. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
LEIS systems consist of the following:
# Ion Gun, used to direct a beam of ions at a target sample. An electron ionization ion source is typically used to ionize noble gas atoms such as He, Ne or Ar, while heating of wafers containing alkali atoms is used to create an alkali ion beam. The ions thus created hold a pos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A raised weight accumulator consists of a vertical cylinder containing fluid connected to the hydraulic line. The cylinder is closed by a piston on which a series of weights are placed that exert a downward force on the piston and thereby pressurizes the fluid in the cylinder. In contrast to compressed gas and spring a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In April of 2022, Pfizer voluntarily recalled five batches of the drug because of the presence of a nitrosamine, NNitroso-quinapril. Testing found that the amount of nitrosamines was above the acceptable daily intake level (all humans are exposed to nitrosamines up to a certain daily level by cured and grilled meats, w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hexaammineplatinum(IV) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula [Pt(NH)]Cl. It is the chloride salt of the metal ammine complex [Pt(NH)]. The cation features six ammonia (called ammines in coordination chemistry) ligands attached to the platinum(IV) ion. It is a white, water soluble solid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recyclability is a key factor of a sustainable material. It reduces the need to mine new resources and requires less energy than mining. Copper and its alloys are virtually 100% recyclable and can be recycled infinitely without any loss of quality (i.e., copper does not degrade (i.e., downcycle) after each recycling lo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the late 1990s, the World Trade Organization authorized the United States and Canada to impose retaliatory tariffs of US$116.8 million per year on the European Union after it found the EU beef hormone ban to be in violation of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Various magnetometers use NMR effects to measure magnetic fields, including proton precession magnetometers (PPM) (also known as proton magnetometers), and Overhauser magnetometers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The spin precession of an electron in an external electromagnetic field is described by the Bargmann–Michel–Telegdi (BMT) equation
where , , , and are polarization four-vector, charge, mass, and magnetic moment, is four-velocity of electron (in a system of units in which ), , , and is electromagnetic field-strength... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Particles will, in effect, "stick" to the surface of an object moving through it. This layer of particles is called the boundary layer. At the surface of the object, it is essentially static due to the friction of the surface. The object, with its boundary layer is effectively the new shape of the object that the rest ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfur bloom refers to the migration of sulfur, usually as S, to the surface of a rubber article either before or after vulcanization. Blooming is undesirable in rubber processing. When sulfur bloom appears before vulcanization, the rubber is deprived of the crosslinking agent. Sulfur bloom after vulcanization indica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surface chemistry of implantable electrodes proves to be more of a design concern for chronically implanted electrodes as compared to those with only acute implantation times. For acute implantations, the main concerns are laceration damage and degradation of particles left behind after electrode removal. For chronical... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Returning home, she became more involved with the opposition to the dictator Fulgencio Batista. A meeting with revolutionary leader Frank País led her to become a leader of the revolutionary movement in Oriente province. Espín met the Castro brothers who had relocated to Mexico after their failed armed attack on the Mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sometimes modulation of transgene expression may be necessary since strong constitutive expression of a therapeutic gene in retinal tissues could be deleterious for long-term retinal function. Different methods have been utilized for the expression modulation. One way is using exogenously regulatable promoter system i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Outdoor air may contain low levels of benzene from automobile service stations, wood smoke, tobacco smoke, the transfer of gasoline, exhaust from motor vehicles, and industrial emissions. About 50% of the entire nationwide (United States) exposure to benzene results from smoking tobacco or from exposure to tobacco smok... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The blast furnace remains an important part of modern iron production. Modern furnaces are highly efficient, including Cowper stoves to pre-heat the blast air and employ recovery systems to extract the heat from the hot gases exiting the furnace. Competition in industry drives higher production rates. The largest blast... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
tert-Butyllithium is a chemical compound with the formula (CH)CLi. As an organolithium compound, it has applications in organic synthesis since it is a strong base, capable of deprotonating many carbon molecules, including benzene. tert-Butyllithium is available commercially as solutions in hydrocarbons (such as pentan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Normal air comprises in crude numbers 80 percent nitrogen and 20 percent oxygen . Both molecules are small and non-polar (and therefore non-associating). We can therefore expect that the behaviour of air within broad temperature and pressure ranges can be approximated as an ideal gas with reasonable accuracy. Exper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An aromatic ring can assist in the formation of a carbocationic intermediate called a phenonium ion by delocalising the positive charge.
When the following tosylate reacts with acetic acid in solvolysis then rather than a simple S2 reaction forming B, a 48:48:4 mixture of A, B (which are enantiomers) and C+D was obtai... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tautomerization is pervasive in organic chemistry. It is typically associated with polar molecules and ions containing functional groups that are at least weakly acidic. Most common tautomers exist in pairs, which means that the hydrogen is located at one of two positions, and even more specifically the most common fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Research aimed at engineered resistance follows multiple strategies. One is to transfer useful PRRs into species that lack them. Identification of functional PRRs and their transfer to a recipient species that lacks an orthologous receptor could provide a general pathway to additional broadened PRR repertoires. For exa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stercobilin results from breakdown of the heme moiety of hemoglobin found in erythrocytes. Macrophages break down senescent erythrocytes and break the heme down into biliverdin, which rapidly reduces to free bilirubin. Bilirubin binds tightly to plasma proteins (especially albumin) in the blood stream and is transporte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein. The protein may play a role in the adhesive interactions of activated T and NK cells during the late phase of the immune response. It may also function in antigen presentation. Alternative splicing generates mul... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selegiline has an oral bioavailability of about 10%, which increases when ingested together with a fatty meal, as the molecule is fat soluble. Selegiline and its metabolites bind extensively to plasma proteins (at a rate of 94%). They cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the brain, where they most concentrated at th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grain strength generally follows the Hall–Petch relation, which states that material strength decreases with the square root of the grain size. A higher number of smaller subgrains leads to a higher yield stress, and so some materials may be purposefully manufactured to have many subgrains, and in this case subgrain ro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deuterium NMR is NMR spectroscopy of deuterium (H or D), an isotope of hydrogen.
Deuterium is an isotope with spin = 1, unlike hydrogen-1, which has spin = 1/2. The term deuteron NMR, in direct analogy to proton NMR, is also used. Deuterium NMR has a range of chemical shift similar to proton NMR but with poor resoluti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pletz grouped the explosophores into eight distinct categories.
;I.
:These represent:
:* the nitro group, a nitrogen atom bound to two oxygen atoms as well as an organic molecule (e.g. TNT, RDX)
:* the nitrate ion, a nitrogen atom bound to three oxygen atoms, (e.g. nitroglycerin, ANFO)
:* the nitrite ion, a nitrogen a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In contrast to chemical cross-links, physical cross-links are formed by weaker interactions. For example, sodium alginate gels upon exposure to calcium ions, which form ionic bonds that bridge between alginate chains. Polyvinyl alcohol gels upon the addition of borax through hydrogen bonding between boric acid and the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The equations for β decay are similar, with the generic equation
giving
However, in this equation, the electron masses do not cancel, and we are left with
Because the reaction will proceed only when the value is positive, β decay can occur when the mass of atom exceeds that of by at least twice the mass of the elect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) updated Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for some minerals in 1997. Where there was not sufficient information to establish EARs and RDAs, an estimate designated Adequate Intake (AI) was used instead. AIs are typically matched to actual... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyanobacteria (), also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via photosynthesis. The name cyanobacteria refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blue-green algae, although they are not s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In particle physics, deep inelastic scattering is the name given to a process used to probe the insides of hadrons (particularly the baryons, such as protons and neutrons), using electrons, muons and neutrinos. It was first attempted in the 1960s and 1970s and provided the first convincing evidence of the reality of qu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Dallol area lies up to below sea level, and has been repeatedly flooded in the past when waters from the Red Sea have flowed into the depression. The last separation from the Red Sea was about 30,000 years ago.
The discovery of the volcano by the first European settlers certainly dates from the first colonization ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In polymer chemistry, a repeat unit or repeating unit (or mer) is a part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain (except for the end-groups) by linking the repeat units together successively along the chain, like the beads of a necklace.
A repeat unit is sometimes called a mer (or mer uni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exothermic and endothermic describe two types of chemical reactions or systems found in nature, as follows: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A solute in dilute solution usually follows Henrys law rather than Raoults law, and it is more usual to express the composition of the solution in terms of the molar concentration (in mol/L) or the molality (in mol/kg) of the solute rather than in mole fractions. The standard state of a dilute solution is a hypotheti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The huge amount of Pre-Hispanic silver adornments known especially from Perú, Bolivia and Ecuador raises the question whether the pre-Hispanic civilizations obtained the raw material from native ores or from argentiferous-lead ores. Although native silver may be available in America, it is as rare as in the Old World. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some thiosemicarbazones have medicinal properties, e.g. the antiviral metisazone and the antibiotic thioacetazone. Thiosemicarbazones are also widely used as ligands in coordination chemistry. The affinity of thiosemicarbazones for metal ions is exploited in controlling iron overload. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the complexity of the DNA encoded chemical library (typically between 10 and 10 members), a conventional Sanger sequencing based decoding is unlikely to be usable in practice, due both to the high cost per base for the sequencing and to the tedious procedure involved. High throughput sequencing technologie... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After leaching, the leach liquor must normally undergo concentration of the metal ions that are to be recovered. Additionally, undesirable metal ions sometimes require removal.
*Precipitation is the selective removal of a compound of the targeted metal or removal of a major impurity by precipitation of one of its com... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The process of repolarization causes an overshoot in the potential of the cell. Potassium ions continue to move out of the axon so much so that the resting potential is exceeded and the new cell potential becomes more negative than the resting potential. The resting potential is ultimately re-established by the closing... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Severin Schwan, the CEO of the Swiss company Roche, reported that Roche's research and development costs amounted to $12.3 billion in 2018, a quarter of the entire National Institutes of Health budget. Given the profit-driven nature of pharmaceutical companies and their research and development expenses, companies use... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a moiety ( ) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.
Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups of at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compliance is the ability of lungs and thorax to expand.
Lung compliance is defined as the volume change per unit of pressure change across the lung. Measurements of lung volume obtained during the controlled inflation/deflation of a normal lung show that the volumes obtained during deflation exceed those during infla... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hollywood is a RNA splicing database containing data for the splicing of orthologous genes in different species. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to the general definition, every element of the periodic table (except some noble gases) forms one or more hydrides. These substances have been classified into three main types according to the nature of their bonding:
*Ionic hydrides, which have significant ionic bonding character.
*Covalent hydrides, which ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Assume that:
*at t = 0 the transverse nuclear magnetization M(0) experiences a constant magnetic field B(t) = (0, 0, B);
*B is positive;
*there are no longitudinal and transverse relaxations (that is T and T → ∞).
Then the Bloch equations are simplified to:
These are two (not coupled) linear differential equations. The... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A compact disk/digital versatile disk (CD/DVD) based immunoassay is a method for determining the concentration of a compound in research and diagnostic laboratories by performing the test on an adapted CD/DVD surface using an adapted optical disc drive; these methods have been discussed and prototyped in research labs ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The HPCE-based viral titer assay uses a proprietary, high-performance capillary electrophoresis system to determine baculovirus titer.
The Trofile assay is used to determine HIV tropism.
The viral plaque assay is to calculate the number of viruses present in a sample. In this technique the number of viral plaques forme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sustainable Islands International website reports that a 30kWh/8 kW prototype has been installed in Scotland to support a remote community and has been running successfully since 2013. This product has been recently selected by Canadian and UK governments to install large scale SLIQ battery systems to support the grid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Adherents to the MaxEnt viewpoint take a clear position on some of the conceptual/philosophical questions in thermodynamics. This position is sketched below. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cast iron farm tools and weapons were widespread in China by the 5th century BC, employing workforces of over 200 men in iron smelters from the 3rd century onward. The earliest known blast furnaces are attributed to the Han dynasty in the 1st century AD. These early furnaces had clay walls and used phosphorus-containin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aliphatic alcohols give azides via a variant of the Mitsunobu reaction, with the use of hydrazoic acid. Hydrazines may also form azides by reaction with sodium nitrite: Alcohols can be converted into azides in one step using 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (ADMP) or under Mitsunobu conditions with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The segments resulting from circularization during constructing jumping library are cleaved, and DNA fragments with markers will be enriched and subjected to paired-end sequencing.
These DNA fragments are sequenced from both ends and generate pairs of reads. The genomic distance between the reads in each pair is approx... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Baku has the main moorings of all large vessels, such as oil tankers, in Azerbaijan. It is the largest port of the Caspian Sea. The port (and tankers) have access to the oceans along the Caspian Sea–Volga–Don Canal, and the Don–Sea of Azov. A northern alternate is the Volga–Baltic (a sea which has a connection to the N... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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