text stringlengths 105 4.57k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
An antichlor is a substance used to decompose residual hypochlorite or chlorine after chlorine-based bleaching, in order to prevent ongoing reactions with, and therefore damage to, the material that has been bleached. Antichlors include sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A variety of different polymerization methods may be utilized for the synthesis of the polymer chains that make up hydrogels. Their properties depend on how these chains are crosslinked. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With positive selection, the cells expressing the antigen(s) of interest, which attached to the magnetic column, are washed out to a separate vessel, after removing the column from the magnetic field. This method is useful for isolation of a particular cell type, for instance CD4 lymphocytes.
Moreover, it enables early... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1871, Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) obtained the following relation governing a liquid-vapor interface:
where:
: = vapor pressure at a curved interface of radius
: = vapor pressure at flat interface () =
: = surface tension
: = density of vapor
: = density of liquid
: , = radii of curvature along the princip... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zwitterionic (ampholytic) surfactants have both cationic and anionic centers attached to the same molecule. The cationic part is based on primary, secondary, or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium cations. The anionic part can be more variable and include sulfonates, as in the sultaines CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As only particles that exhibit non-linear velocity experience the SCODA concentrating force, small charged particles that respond linearly to electrophoretic fields are not concentrated. These particles instead of spiraling towards the center of the SCODA gel orbit at a constant radius. If a weak DC field is superimpos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To date, there have been few examples of hydrogen-bond catalysis in the synthesis of natural products despite the large number of reactions being discovered. Generally, with high required catalyst loading and often extreme substrate specificity, hydrogen-bond catalysis is not yet developed enough to provide useful, gen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Decarboxylative cross coupling reactions are chemical reactions in which a carboxylic acid is reacted with an organic halide to form a new carbon-carbon bond, concomitant with loss of CO. Aryl and alkyl halides participate. Metal catalyst, base, and oxidant are required.
A significant advantage of this reaction is that... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bridging ligand links two or more metal centers. Virtually all inorganic solids with simple formulas are coordination polymers, consisting of metal ion centres linked by bridging ligands. This group of materials includes all anhydrous binary metal ion halides and pseudohalides. Bridging ligands also persist in soluti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EA-3148 (Substance 100A) is a "V-series" nerve agent related to the better-known compounds VX and VR. It was studied by both the US and Soviet chemical weapons programmes during the Cold War, and is notable as the only V-series organophosphate nerve agent specifically identified in public domain sources as having a hi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thiols react with this compound, cleaving the disulfide bond to give 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate (TNB), which ionizes to the TNB dianion in water at neutral and alkaline pH. This TNB ion has a yellow color.
This reaction is rapid and stoichiometric, with the addition of one mole of thiol releasing one mole of TNB. The TNB i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The diaphragm is an important part of the body's digestive system. The muscular diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity where most of the digestive organs are located. The suspensory muscle attaches the ascending duodenum to the diaphragm. This muscle is thought to be of help in the digestive ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the negative feedback loops, CK1ε periodically binds to and phosphorylates the PER proteins (PER1, PER2, and PER3), which form heterodimers with each other and interact with CRY1 and CRY2. The effects of phosphorylation are two-fold. It has been shown in Drosophila that phosphorylation of the PER proteins increase t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*(1901) About the sulfurized dibutolactone, Reports of the German Chemical Society
*(1903), Ueber organische Synthesen mittels Kohlenoxysulfid. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 36: 1007–1013. doi:10.1002/cber.190303601208 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cber.190303601208]
*(1905) About reversible photochemical ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There were three EXPOSE experiments completed between 2008 and 2015: EXPOSE-E, EXPOSE-R and EXPOSE-R2.
The EXPOSE-E was launched on 7 February 2008 on board the Space Shuttle Atlantis and was mounted on the ISS European module Columbus to the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF). EXPOSE-R was launched to the I... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are several common types of nonsynonymous substitutions.
Missense mutations are nonsynonymous substitutions that arise from point mutations, mutations in a single nucleotide that result in the substitution of a different amino acid, resulting in a change to the protein encoded.
Nonsense mutations are nonsynonymou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Department of Chemistry () is a department under the Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen. It is the largest basic research institute in chemistry in Denmark, and is responsible for the teaching of chemistry at all levels at the University of Copenhagens Faculty of Science: from undergraduate courses in che... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) is an angular dispersive device that, like a prism or a diffraction grating, splits light into its spectral components. The device works almost independently of polarization. In contrast to prisms or regular diffraction gratings, the VIPA has a much higher angular dispersion but h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. This genetic element provides for several immune modulating functions, including resistance to polyamines which serve as a non-specific immune response both on intact skin and following the inflammatory respon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of a number of different reasons, including weed suppression, pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial insects, maximizing use of space, and to otherwise increase crop productivity. Companion plant... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2DPs as two dimensional sheet macromolecules have a crystal lattice, that is they consist of monomer units that repeat in two dimensions. Therefore, a clear diffraction pattern from their crystal lattice should be observed as a proof of crystallinity. The internal periodicity is supported by electron microscopy imaging... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Accidental or inadvertent poisoning of agricultural workers due to exposure to pesticides is a very serious matter resulting in many deaths and hospitalizations. The effects of pesticides at high concentrations on human health is a thus a matter of much study, resulting in many publications on the toxicology of pestici... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Waste containing unusually low BOD concentrations may fail to sustain the secondary treatment population required for normal waste concentrations. The reduced population surviving the starvation event may be unable to completely utilize available BOD when waste loads return to normal. Dilution may be caused by addition... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Back titration is a titration done in reverse; instead of titrating the original sample, a known excess of standard reagent is added to the solution, and the excess is titrated. A back titration is useful if the endpoint of the reverse titration is easier to identify than the endpoint of the normal titration, as with p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plastic crystals were discovered in 1938 by J. Timmermans by their anomalously low melting entropy. He found that organic substances having a melting entropy lower than approximately 17 J·K·mol (~2Rg) are having peculiar properties. Timmermans named them .
Michils showed in 1948 that these organic compounds are easily ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphorus-32 is a short-lived high energy beta emitter, which is used in research in radiotracers. It has a half-life of 14 days. It can be used in DNA research. Phosphorus-32 can be made by the neutron irradiation (np reaction) of sulfur-32 or from phosphorus-31 by neutron capture. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrogen rich substances as ammonia and hydrazine are great for storing hydrogen. This is due to their energy density, for ammonia at least 1.3 times that of liquid hydrogen. Hydrazine is almost twice as dense in energy compared to liquid hydrogen, however a downside is that dilution is required in the use of direct hy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the eighteenth century, as the field of chemistry was evolving from alchemy, a field of the natural philosophy was created around the idea of air as a reagent. Before this, air was primarily considered a static substance that would not react and simply existed. However, as Lavoisier and several other pneumatic chemi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Let be the normal stress in the liquid that points radially outward from the center of the bubble. In spherical coordinates, for a fluid with constant density and constant viscosity,
Therefore at some small portion of the bubble surface, the net force per unit area acting on the lamina is
where is the surface tensio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deflagration (Lat: de + flagrare, to burn down) is subsonic combustion in which a pre-mixed flame propagates through an explosive or a mixture of fuel and oxidizer. Deflagrations in high and low explosives or fuel–oxidizer mixtures may transition to a detonation depending upon confinement and other factors. Most fires... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Experimental studies in animals have shown that PDE5 inhibitors may reverse kidney damage independently of their effects on blood pressure through intra-renal mechanisms. In humans, PDE5 inhibitors have also been shown to reduce proteinuria, a marker of kidney damage. However, the successful introduction of SGLT2 inhib... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metabolic suppression is the regulated and reversible reduction of metabolic rate below basal metabolic rate (called standard metabolic rate in ectothermic animals). This reduces the fishs rate of ATP use, which prolongs its survival time at severely hypoxic sub-P P</sub>s by reducing the rate at which the fishs finite... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Absorption spectroscopy refers to spectroscopic techniques that measure the absorption of radiation, as a function of frequency or wavelength, due to its interaction with a sample. The sample absorbs energy, i.e., photons, from the radiating field. The intensity of the absorption varies as a function of frequency, and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jadwiga Barbara Ostrowska-Czubenko (born 18 January 1949 in Kołobrzeg) is a Polish chemist at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FLiNaK salt was researched heavily during the late 1950s by Oak Ridge National Laboratory as potential candidate for a coolant in the molten salt reactor because of its low melting point, its high heat capacity, and its chemical stability at high temperatures. Ultimately, its sister salt, FLiBe, was chosen as the solv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*In Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, soldiers use power backpacks based on bacteria.
*In Subnautica, the player can build a bioreactor that serves the same purpose as a bioelectrochemical reactor. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dimitra Markovitsi is a Greek-French photochemist. She is currently an Emeritus Research Director at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). She pioneered studies on the electronically excited states of liquid crystals and made significant advances to the understanding of processes triggered in DNA u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In theoretical chemistry, the Empirical Valence Bond (EVB) approach is an approximation for calculating free-energies of a chemical reaction in condensed-phase. It was first developed by Israeli chemist Arieh Warshel, and was inspired by the way Marcus theory uses potential surfaces to calculate the probability of elec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For the solvent isotope effects to be measurable, a finite fraction of the solvent must have a different isotopic composition than the rest. Therefore, large amounts of the less common isotopic species must be available, limiting observable solvent isotope effects to isotopic substitutions involving hydrogen. Detectab... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
During retrodialysis, the microdialysis probe is perfused with an analyte-containing solution and the disappearance of drug from the probe is monitored. The recovery for this method can be computed as the ratio of drug lost during passage (C−C) and drug entering the microdialysis probe (C). In principle, retrodialysis ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* environmentally friendly, non-toxic applications
* high durability, especially on masonry products, and lightfast
* mineral paints with high vapor permeability
* acid rain resistance
* antifungal properties
* reduces carbonation of cement-based materials | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AOAC Official Method for detecting the addition of sugar in a fruit juice or in maple syrup. It is the only reliable method to detect addition of C3 sugar (ex: beet sugar). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cell has a non-conductive housing. The cathode is composed of thousands of sub-millimeter microspheres (co-polymer beads), with a flash coat of copper and multiple layers of electrolytically deposited thin film (650 Angstrom) nickel and palladium. The beads are submerged in water with a lithium sulfate (LiSO) elect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One resolution to irreversibility is to say that the constant increase of entropy we observe happens only because of the initial state of our universe. Other possible states of the universe (for example, a universe at heat death equilibrium) would actually result in no increase of entropy. In this view, the apparent T-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Substances in the chain-melted state display properties of both a solid and a liquid. The co-author of a study regarding the chain-melted state, Andreas Hermann, stated that if the matter were hypothetically to be handled by a person, it would be like holding a wet sponge that is leaking water, while the sponge itself ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mount Polley determines what qualifies as ore and what qualifies as waste using drilling and blasting. Ore is then sorted according to blast ball assays. High value sulfide ore is hauled to a crusher for processing at the on site plant. Chalcopyrite and bornite are the main copper-bearing minerals of value at the Mount... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Advanced oxidation processes are used to remove some persistent organic pollutants and concentrations remaining after biochemical oxidation. Disinfection by chemical oxidation kills bacteria and microbial pathogens by adding hydroxyl radicals such as ozone, chlorine or hypochlorite to wastewater. These hydroxyl radical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first application of the pump–probe technique in biology was in vitro imaging of stimulated emission of a dye-labelled cell. Pump–probe imaging is now widely used for melanin imaging to differentiate between the two main forms of melanin eumelanin (brown/black) and pheomelanin (red/yellow). In melanoma, eumelanin i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NMR has now entered the arena of real-time process control and process optimization in oil refineries and petrochemical plants. Two different types of NMR analysis are utilized to provide real time analysis of feeds and products in order to control and optimize unit operations. Time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) spectrometers op... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When surfactants are present in a liquid, they tend to adsorb in the liquid-air or liquid-liquid interface. Interfacial rheology deals with the response of the adsorbed interfacial layer on the deformation. The response depends on the layer composition, and thus interfacial rheology is relevant in many applications in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After a talk by Lage-Castellanos at the First Workshop on Complex Matter Physics in Havana (MarchCOMeeting'2012), professor Troy Shinbrot of Rutgers University became interested in the subject. Together with student Theo Siu, Cuban results were confirmed and expanded with new experiments and numerical simulations at Ru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In physiology, the primary ions of electrolytes are sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), hydrogen phosphate (HPO), and hydrogen carbonate (HCO). The electric charge symbols of plus (+) and minus (−) indicate that the substance is ionic in nature and has an imbalanced distribution of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This spectroscopic technique complements another recently developed method of chemical characterisation or fingerprinting, namely micro-thermal analysis (micro-TA). This also uses an “active” SThM probe, which acts as a heater as well as a thermometer, so as to inject evanescent temperature waves into a sample and to a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bouguer-Lambert law: This law is based on observations made by Pierre Bouguer before 1729. It is often attributed to Johann Heinrich Lambert, who cited Bouguers (Claude Jombert, Paris, 1729) – and even quoted from it – in his Photometria' in 1760. Lambert expressed the law, which states that the loss of light intensit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the widespread interest in organocatalysis and the large number of new catalytic systems that are continuously being discovered, progress in the understanding of mechanism and catalyst design in the field of hydrogen-bond catalysis is extremely limited. Compared to a more developed field like palladium-catalyze... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Viruses can be present in humans due to direct infection or co-infections which makes diagnosis difficult using classical techniques and can result in an incorrect prognosis and treatment. The use of qPCR allows both the quantification and genotyping (characterization of the strain, carried out using melting curves) of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is also helpful in diagnosing:
* Fungal infections. Some forms of tinea, such as Trichophyton tonsurans, do not fluoresce.
* Bacterial infections
**Corynebacterium minutissimum is coral red
**Pseudomonas is yellow-green
* Cutibacterium acnes, a bacterium involved in acne causation, exhibits an orange glow under a Wo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Iterons have an important role in plasmid replication. An iteron-containing plasmid origin of replication can be found containing about five iterons about 20 base pairs in length total. These iterons provide a saturation site for initiator receptor proteins and promote replication thus increasing plasmid copy number in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An example of artificial ratchets is the work by Serreli et al. (2007). Serreli et al. constructed a nanomachine, a rotaxane, that consists of a ring-shaped molecule, that moves along a tiny molecular axle between two different equal compartments, A and B. The normal, random movement of molecules sends the ring back an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The D-gun atomises the powder feedstock into extremely small particles (80–95% of particles by total number are of size <100 nm). This means proper extraction facilities are required for inhalation safety purposes. Also isolation of the D-gun is recommended to avoid operators breathing in the dangerous dust and fumes. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first measurements of photoinhibition were published in 1956 by Bessel Kok. Even in the very first studies, it was obvious that plants have a repair mechanism that continuously repairs photoinhibitory damage. In 1966, Jones and Kok measured the action spectrum of photoinhibition and found that ultraviolet light is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AMPP offers individual training and certification programs. Many are merged programs that originated as competing programs under the former NACE and SSPC organizations. Other programs are still being administered under the legacy NACE or SSPC frameworks until the merger is complete. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), also known as surface potential microscopy, is a noncontact variant of atomic force microscopy (AFM). By raster scanning in the x,y plane the work function of the sample can be locally mapped for correlation with sample features. When there is little or no magnification, this appro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* A straightforward method for reversible immobilization, involving the enzymes being adsorbed or attached physically onto a support substance. Adsorption can take place through weak non-specific forces, such as van der waals, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, whereas in ionic bonding the enzymes are bound ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Five states are located along about of Caspian coastline. The length of the coastline of these countries:
# Kazakhstan -
# Turkmenistan -
# Azerbaijan -
# Russia -
# Iran - | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The tendency of a given chemical species to partition itself
preferentially between liquid and vapor phases is the Henry's law constant. There can be VLE data for mixtures of four or more components, but such a boiling-point diagram is hard to show in either tabular or graphical form. For such multi-component mixtures,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the origin and function of homing endonucleases is still being researched, the most established hypothesis considers them as selfish genetic elements, similar to transposons, because they facilitate the perpetuation of the genetic elements that encode them independent of providing a functional attribute to the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Milk oligosaccharides seem to be more abundant in humans than in other animals and to be more complex and varied. Oligosaccharides in primate milk are generally more complex and diverse than in non-primates.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) form the third most abundant solid component (dissolved or emulsified or susp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula . It forms a hexahydrate with the formula , containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, gi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Self-healing hydrogels are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel. A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from hydrophilic monomers by either chain or step growth, along with a functional crosslinker to promote network formation. A ne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In most vertebrates, digestion is a multistage process in the digestive system, starting from ingestion of raw materials, most often other organisms. Ingestion usually involves some type of mechanical and chemical processing. Digestion is separated into four steps:
# Ingestion: placing food into the mouth (entry of foo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In ion exchange chromatography, the Gibbs–Donnan effect is observed when the pH of the applied buffer and the ion exchanger differ, even up to one pH unit. For example, in anion-exchange columns, the ion exchangers repeal protons so the pH of the buffer near the column differs is higher than the rest of the solvent. As... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reductive stress (RS) is defined as an abnormal accumulation of reducing equivalents despite being in the presence of intact oxidation and reduction systems. A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons from reducing agents (reductants) to oxidizing agents (oxidants) and redox couples are accountable for the maj... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
p75NTR serves as a regulator for actin assembly. Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) causes the actin cytoskeleton to become rigid which limits growth cone mobility and inhibits neuronal elongation in the developing nervous system. p75NTR without a ligand bound activates RhoA and limits actin assembly, but neurotrophin ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After World War II, with the IG Farben conglomerate dismantled because of its central role in the Nazi regime, Sterling Products bought half of Bayer Ltd, the British Bayer subsidiary—the other half of which it already owned. However, Bayer Aspirin made up only a small fraction of the British aspirin market because of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The relatively small number of atomic absorption lines (compared to atomic emission lines) and their narrow width (a few pm) make spectral overlap rare; there are only few examples known that an absorption line from one element will overlap with another. Molecular absorption, in contrast, is much broader, so that it is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Homologous desensitization occurs when a receptor decreases its response to an agonist at high concentration. It is a process through which, after prolonged agonist exposure, the receptor is uncoupled from its signaling cascade and thus the cellular effect of receptor activation is attenuated.
Homologous desensitizatio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ANAs are found in many disorders, as well as some healthy individuals. These disorders include: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis, drug induced lupus, autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, discoid lupus, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Turning is a metal cutting process for producing a cylindrical surface with a single point tool. The workpiece is rotated on a spindle and the cutting tool is fed into it radially, axially or both. Producing surfaces perpendicular to the workpiece axis is called facing. Producing surfaces using both radial and axial fe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) is a free, online database and bioinformatics resource hosted by The Jackson Laboratory, with funding by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICH... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A photocatalyst activity indicator ink quickly and easily identifies the presence of an underlying heterogeneous photocatalyst and provides a measure of its activity. A heterogeneous photocatalyst is a material that uses absorbed light energy (usually UV) to drive desired reactions that would not otherwise proceed unde... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non-systematic, less-recognized and often unverified syntheses of silicon carbide include:
* César-Mansuète Despretz's passing an electric current through a carbon rod embedded in sand (1849)
* Robert Sydney Marsden's dissolution of silica in molten silver in a graphite crucible (1881)
* Paul Schuetzenberger's heating ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recently the possibility of study such compounds using molecular modeling assisted by informatic software has opened new possibilities in the study of the redox reaction of biomimetic compounds. For example, using "Density Functional Theory" (DFT) computer modeling made it possible to propose a catalytic pathway of H b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The geologic component of the carbon cycle operates slowly in comparison to the other parts of the global carbon cycle. It is one of the most important determinants of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, and thus of global temperatures.
Most of the Earths carbon is stored inertly in the Earths lithosphere. Much of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With the rise of the environmentalist movement has also come an increased appreciation for social justice, and mining has showed similar trends lately. Societies located near potential mining sites are at increased risk to be subjected to injustices as their environment is affected by the changes made to mined lands—e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neuropeptides are released by dense core vesicles after depolarization of the cell. Compared to classical neurotransmitter signaling, neuropeptide signaling is more sensitive. Neuropeptide receptor affinity is in the nanomolar to micromolar range while neurotransmitter affinity is in the micromolar to millimolar range.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Since the neutron is not charged it does not interact via the Coulomb force and therefore does not ionize the scintillation material. It must first transfer some or all of its energy via the strong force to a charged atomic nucleus. The positively charged nucleus then produces ionization. Fast neutrons (generally >0.5 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the days sky is overcast, sunlight passes through the turbidity layer of the clouds, resulting in scattered, diffuse light on the ground (sunbeam). This exhibits Mie scattering instead of Tyndall scattering because the cloud droplets are larger than the wavelength of the light and scatters all colors approximately... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Southern Research is a not-for-profit US 501(c)(3) research organization that conducts basic and applied research for commercial and non-commercial organizations across four divisions: Drug development, Drug discovery, Energy & Environment, and Engineering. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An organogel is a non-crystalline, non-glassy thermoreversible (thermoplastic) solid material composed of a liquid organic phase entrapped in a three-dimensionally cross-linked network. The liquid can be, for example, an organic solvent, mineral oil, or vegetable oil. The solubility and particle dimensions of the struc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a chain-growth polymerization reaction, the reactive end-groups of a polymer chain react in each propagation step with a new monomer molecule transferring the reactive group to the last unit. Here the chain carrier is the polymer molecule with a reactive end-group, and at each step it is regenerated with the additio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On 23 September 1885, Auer von Welsbach received a patent on his development of the gas mantle, which he called Auerlicht, using a chemical mixture of 60% magnesium oxide, 20% lanthanum oxide and 20% yttrium oxide, which he called Actinophor. To produce a mantle, guncotton is impregnated with a mixture of Actinophor an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dialkyl (E)-enones have been most commonly epoxidized using either lanthanide/BINOL systems or a magnesium tartrate catalyst.
For alkyl aryl (E)-enones, both polypeptides and lanthanide/BINOL catalysts give good yields and enantioselectivities. The most common polypeptide employed is poly-L-leucine.
Aryl alkyl (E)-enon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the temperature of a system changes, the Henry constant also changes. The temperature dependence of equilibrium constants can generally be described with the van t Hoff equation, which also applies to Henrys law constants:
where is the enthalpy of dissolution. Note that the letter in the symbol refers to enthal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Via hydrogenation, benzene and its derivatives convert to cyclohexane and derivatives. This reaction is achieved by the use of high pressures of hydrogen in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, such as finely divided nickel. Whereas alkenes can be hydrogenated near room temperatures, benzene and related compounds a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The general process control method is to monitor sludge blanket level, SVI (Sludge Volume Index), MCRT (Mean Cell Residence Time), F/M (Food to Microorganism), as well as the biota of the activated sludge and the major nutrients DO (Dissolved oxygen), nitrogen, phosphate, BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand), and COD (Chemi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbohydrate Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the chemistry of carbohydrates. It is published by Elsevier and was established in 1965. The editor-in-chief is M. Carmen Galan (University of Bristol). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Antonio de Ulloa was born in Seville, Spain, into an aristocratic and intellectually distinguished family. His father, Bernardo de Ulloa, was noted for his writings on economics. His brother Fernando would become an engineer and the chief of works of the Canal de Castilla. Destined for a naval career, at the age of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Escape and radiate coevolution is a hypothesis proposing that a coevolutionary arms-race between primary producers and their consumers contributes to the diversification of species by accelerating speciation rates. The hypothesized process involves the evolution of novel defenses in the host, allowing it to "escape" an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.