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prisoners, who were captured during the transition from the Sui to the Tang Dynasty from the northern frontier. The embassy succeeds in freeing 80,000 men and women, who are safely returned to China. Tai Zong establishes a new Daoist abbey, out of gratitude for Daoist priests who had apparently cured the crown prince o... | succeeds her sister Borandukht, as monarch of the Persian Empire. Azarmidokht is succeeded after a few months reign by Khosrau IV, who becomes new ruler (shah) of Persia. Hormizd VI proclaims himself king in Nisibis (Turkey). He seizes the throne and will reign until 632. Asia Emperor Tai Zong sends envoys to the Xueya... |
Roman Empire Emperor Theodosius II gives orders to destroy the buildings and pagan temples at Olympia (Greece). The statue of Zeus is brought to Constantinople. Europe Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum), starts a 10-year campaign against the Visigoths in southern Gaul. King Gunderic of the Vandals accepts... | starts a 10-year campaign against the Visigoths in southern Gaul. King Gunderic of the Vandals accepts the request of the Alans in Hispania to become their ruler (approximate date). Mesoamerica K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo' becomes the founder of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization at Copán (modern Honduras). Religion Augustin... |
starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Florentius and Dionysius (or, less frequently, year 1182 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 429 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini c... | method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Spring – The Vandals, led by Genseric ("Caesar King"), invade North Africa. They land with a force of 80,000 men including Alans, and Germanic tribesmen with their families from the Iberian Peninsula, across the narrow Strait of Gibraltar. The Vandal fleet... |
The 450s decade ran from January | decade ran from January 1, |
establish their kingdoms north of the Black Sea (Ukraine), supported by vassal states. Europe Attila the Hun is found dead in bed, after a wedding feast with the Goth princess Ildica. He dies of a nosebleed at his Hungarian stronghold, drowning in his own blood at age 47 (approximate). The Huns celebrate a strava (lame... | time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Opilio and Vincomalus (or, less frequently, year 1206 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 453 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantiu... |
saved because Attila is offered a huge amount of gold. Flavius Aetius (magister militum) is unable to raise a new army against him. Rome is threatened by Attila but not attacked, due to a last-minute effort by Leo I. Threatened by news of reinforcements from the Eastern Roman Empire and the plague breaking out among th... | (according to British legend). China Nan'an Yinwang succeeds his father Tai Wu Di, after he is assassinated by the eunuch Zong Ai. Later that year, Yinwang is murdered as well, and Ai is overthrown by a group of high officials. Wen Cheng Di, age 12, becomes the new emperor of Northern Wei. Births Gundobad, king of the ... |
strengthen the alliance between the Western Roman Empire and the Vandal Kingdom. June – Attila approaches Aurelianum (modern Orléans) and the city's inhabitants close the gates, forcing him to lay siege. After learning of the Hun invasion, Flavius Aetius (magister militum) moves quickly from Italy into Gaul, and joins ... | Beauvais are destroyed by the Huns. Eudocia, daughter of Emperor Valentinian III, marries Huneric in Ravenna. The engagement serves to strengthen the alliance between the Western Roman Empire and the Vandal Kingdom. June – Attila approaches Aurelianum (modern Orléans) and the city's inhabitants close the gates, forcing... |
switches allegiance from Constantinople to King Pepin of Italy, son of Charlemagne. Obelerio degli Antenori becomes the ninth doge of Venice, after his predecessor Giovanni Galbaio flees to Mantua, where he is killed. The Gymnasium Carolinum in Osnabrück is founded by Charlemagne (the oldest school in Germany). Asia Kū... | will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire Battle of Krasos: Emperor Nikephoros I refuses to pay the tribute imposed by Caliph Harun al-Rashid of the Abbasid Caliphate. A Muslim-Arab expeditionary force invades Asia Minor. During a surprise attack, Nikephoros suffers a majo... |
Montfort, princess of Wales (d. 1282) Deaths January – Bohemond V, Prince of Antioch January 23 – Isabella, Queen of Armenia February 3 – Sviatoslav III of Vladimir, Prince of Novgorod (b. 1196) April 6 – Saint Peter of Verona May 3 or May 4 – Günther von Wüllersleben, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights May 30 – King... | a master's degree. In astronomy, work begins on the recording of the Alfonsine tables. Asia The classic Japanese text Jikkunsho is completed. The Chinese era Chunyou ends. The Mongols take the westernmost province of the Song Dynasty empire. Births March 25 – Conradin, Duke of Swabia (d. 1268) Safi-ad-din Ardabili, Per... |
campaign against the Bulgarian Empire, gathering an expeditionary force (most of the Roman army) from all parts of the empire. He is accompanied by high-ranking officials and aristocrats, including his son Stauracius and brother-in-law Michael I Rangabe (both later emperors temporarily). Krum, ruler (khan) of Bulgaria,... | Pliska, the Bulgarian capital. July 23 – Nikephoros I reaches Pliska, and destroys a Bulgarian army of 12,000 elite soldiers who guard the stronghold. Another hastily assembled relief force of 50,000 soldiers suffers a similar fate. The Byzantines capture the defenseless capital. Nikephoros plunders the city and captur... |
of grain, flour, vegetables and beer, causing a general famine in Norway. The German city of Hamburg is destroyed by a fire. The events giving rise to the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin take place in Lower Saxony. By topic Arts and culture Construction of Beauvais Cathedral is interrupted by a partial collapse of t... | Peter III of Aragon takes advantage of the weakness of the Hafsid Dynasty, and raids the island of Jerba. The Aragonese massacre the population, and occupy the island. Asia Mamluk sultan of Egypt Al Mansur Qalawun signs a ten-year truce with the Crusader city of Acre; he will violate the truce on various pretexts in 12... |
younger brother Giovanni I, and is appointed doge of Venice. Giovanni, who is part of a pro-Frankish faction, is exiled to Zara (modern Croatia). Britain Æthelstan establishes himself as king of East Anglia, after killing King Ludeca of Mercia in battle. Ludeca is succeeded by Wiglaf, father-in-law (and probably distan... | succeeded by Wiglaf, father-in-law (and probably distant cousin) of the late king Ceolwulf I's daughter. China Emperor Jing Zong is assassinated by a group of conspirators. He is succeeded by his brother Wen Zong, as ruler of the Tang Dynasty. By topic Religion August 27 – Pope Eugene II dies after a 3-year reign, and ... |
the observance of All Saints' Day. He is succeeded by Sergius II, as the 102nd pope of Rome. Sergius imprisons the antipope John VIII, and is elected by popular acclamation. Births Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi, Muslim emir (d. 912) Al-Mu'tamid, Muslim caliph (d. 892) Hasan al-Utrush, Muslim emir (approximate date) So... | Northumbria is expelled from his kingdom by Rædwulf, who takes the throne. Rædwulf is later killed in battle against the Vikings, along with many of his noblemen. Æthelred returns and claims his right to rule. King Merfyn Frych dies after a 24-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Rhodri Mawr ("the Great"), who become... |
November 24 – 847 Damascus earthquake Religion January 24 – Pope Sergius II dies of gout after a 3-year reign. He is succeeded by Leo IV, as the 103rd pope of Rome. April 21– Rabanus Maurus, a Frankish Benedictine monk, becomes archbishop of Mainz after the death of Odgar. Births Æthelred I, king of Wessex (approximate... | of Francia The Saracens, under the Berber leader Kalfun, capture the Byzantine city of Bari (Southern Italy). He becomes the first ruler of the Emirate of Bari, and expands his influence on the Italian mainland with raids. Abbasid Caliphate August 10 – Caliph Al-Wathiq dies of dropsy after a five-year reign. He is succ... |
Prüm—the eldest, Louis II, receives the northern half of Italy and the title of Holy Roman Emperor. The second, Lothair II, receives Lotharingia (the Low Countries and Upper Burgundy). The youngest, Charles, receives Lower Burgundy and Provence. Britain Spring – King Æthelwulf of Wessex decides to go on a pilgrimage to... | Turkic general Bugha al-Kabir, to suppress an uprising of rebellious Armenian nakharars. He subdues the country, and deports many Armenian nobles to the caliphal capital of Samarra. By topic Religion July 17 – Pope Leo IV dies after an 8-year reign, and is succeeded by Benedict III as the 104th pope of Rome. Anastasius... |
887) Anastasius, antipope of Rome (approximate date) Bertharius, Benedictine abbot and poet (approximate date) Engelram, Frankish chamberlain (approximate date) Gérard II, Frankish nobleman (approximate date) Halfdan the Black, Norwegian nobleman (approximate date) Kassia, Byzantine abbess and hymnographer (approximate... | is constructed in Tikal National Park (modern Guatemala). The Book of Kells (also known as the Book of Colomba), an illuminated manuscript, is completed by Celtic monks (approximate date). Births July 19 – Muhammad al-Bukhari, Persian Islamic scholar (d. 870) July 27 – Xuān Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 859) Ab... |
remains a Frankish vassal. A rebellion in Gharb al-Andalus (modern Portugal) is crushed by the Emirate of Córdoba. Abbasid Caliphate March 24 – Caliph Harun al-Rashid dies at Tus, on an expedition to put down an uprising in Khorasan (modern Iran). He is succeeded by his son Muhammad ibn Harun al-Amin. Asia Emperor Heiz... | Abbasid Caliphate March 24 – Caliph Harun al-Rashid dies at Tus, on an expedition to put down an uprising in Khorasan (modern Iran). He is succeeded by his son Muhammad ibn Harun al-Amin. Asia Emperor Heizei becomes ill, and abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Saga, who is installed as the 52nd emperor of Japa... |
Ninmyō, emperor of Japan (d. 850) Emma of Altdorf, Frankish queen (or 803) Gottschalk of Orbais, German monk and theologian (approximate date) Kang Chengxun, general of the Tang Dynasty (approximate date) Kim Yang, viceroy of Silla (Korea) (d. 857) Walafrid Strabo, Frankish theological writer (approximate date) Deaths ... | population is displaced or abducted, to Hedeby (Denmark). Emperor Charlemagne gives orders to construct two new forts on the Elbe River, garrisoning them against future Slav incursions. In Gharb al-Andalus (modern Portugal), Hazim ibn Wahb leads a rebellion against the Emirate of Córdoba. Britain Exiled king Eardwulf o... |
II becomes king of Sri Lanka, and makes Anuradhapura the capital city. Li Jifu is appointed chancellor, during the reign of Emperor Xian Zong in China. By topic Religion The Temple of Motoyama-ji in Mitoyo (Japan), of the Kōyasan Shingon-shū sect, is constructed by the orders of Emperor Heizei. The Jame' Atiq Mosque of... | from various sieges, and evacuates Byzantine territory. An Abbasid fleet under Humayd ibn Ma'yuf al-Hajuri raids the Peloponnese, Rhodes and Myra. Europe Al-Andalus (modern Spain): An uprising occurs in the city of Mérida against the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. Siege of Patras: This marks the end of independent rule by... |
inhabitants on the island of Iona (Scotland). Other monks flee to safety in the monastery of Kells (Ireland). They take with them the Book of Kells. King Eardwulf of Northumbria is expelled from his kingdom by his rival Ælfwald II, who takes the throne. Eardwulf flees to the Frankish court of Charlemagne, and later vis... | in Wakakusa, Nakakoma District, Japan (now Minami-Alps, Yamanashi Prefecture). The temple follows the Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism. Abbasid Caliphate Arab–Byzantine wars: Caliph Harun al-Rashid leads a huge military expedition, assembling men from Syria, Palestine, Persia, and Egypt. The invasion army (reportedly ... |
Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). Krum, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, conquers and destroys the Eastern part of the Avar Khaganate (approximate date). The first known mention of Magdeburg (Saxony-Anhalt), founded by Charlemagne, is made. Britain King Egbert of Wessex formally establishes kingship over Devon, aft... | calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire Siege of Patras: Local Slavic tribes of the Peloponnese lay siege to the city of Patras (modern Greece), with aid from an Arab fleet. A Byzantine relief army under Skleros, military governor (strategos) from Corinth, is sent and retakes the city. The captured Slavs in Patras a... |
Dalmatian Croatia, while Frankish rule is accepted over Istria and the Dalmatian hinterland. Venice is recognized as independent by the Byzantine Empire. Summer – Bardanes Tourkos, Byzantine general (strategos), is proclaimed emperor by the troops of the Anatolic, Opsikion, Thracian and Bucellarian themes. The 'rebel' ... | Byzantine northern frontier. He leads his warriors — mostly Bulgars, Slavs, Thracians and Macedonians — across the Carpathian Mountains, over the Danube River, and throughout Transylvania, Thrace, and Macedonia. St. Peter Stiftskulinarium, possibly Central Europe's oldest restaurant, is founded in Salzburg, Austria. Ab... |
and the leading officials of the Abbasid Caliphate perform the hajj to Mecca, where the line of succession is finalized. Harun's eldest son al-Amin is named heir, but his second son al-Ma'mun is named as al-Amin's heir, and ruler of a broadly autonomous Khurasan. A third son, al-Qasim, is added as third heir, and recei... | He is crowned in the Hagia Sophia at Constantinople, by Patriarch Tarasios, as emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Europe Pagan Danes invade Obodrite-ruled Schleswig, to take over territory almost emptied by the forcible deportations of the Saxons by emperor Charlemagne. Al-Andalus: Saragossa rises against the Emirate of ... |
Carolingian Empire). April 3 – King Louis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, captures Barcelona after a siege of several months. Bera is appointed first count of Barcelona. Britain King Eardwulf of Northumbria leads an army into Mercia against his rival, Coenwulf, in order to flush out other claimants to the Northumbrian t... | the king of Mercia that was part of the council's proceedings. By topic Religion Rabanus Maurus, Frankish Benedictine monk, takes his vows in the monastery of Fulda and receives ordination as a deacon. Births September 8 – Ansgar, Frankish monk and archbishop (d. 865) June 17 – Drogo of Metz, illegitimate son of Charle... |
11 – Ex-emperor Staurakios, a son of Nikephoros I, dies of putrefaction in his wounds (see 811) in a monastery. He has reigned only two months and eight days, before being exiled by senior officials in Constantinople. Emperor Michael I re-opens peace negotiations with the Franks, and recognizes Charlemagne as emperor (... | de villis, concerning the rights of a feudal landholder and the services owed by his dependents. It also contains the names of some 89 plants, of which most are used medically. The Republic of Amalfi sends galleys to support the Byzantine general (strategos) of Sicily, Gregorio, against the Aghlabid invaders. It is one... |
starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ursus and Sura (or, less frequently, year 855 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 102 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er... | and Lucius Licinius Sura become Roman consuls. Emperor Trajan returns to Rome after a successful campaign against Dacia, through which he reestablishes clear Roman sovereignty over King Decebalus. Trajan divides Pannonia into two provinces, sometime between this year and 107. The port of Portus is enlarged. Europe Asia... |
people Hadrian, Roman Emperor References | decade ran from January 1, 130, to |
140, to December 31, 149. Significant people Antoninus | from January 1, 140, to December 31, |
31, 159. Significant people Antoninus Pius, | January 1, 150, to December 31, 159. Significant |
Aurelius, Roman Emperor Lucius Verus, Roman Emperor Commodus (b. 161) | 1, 160, to December 31, 169. Significant people |
people Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor Caerellius Priscus, governor of Roman Britain References | December 31, 179. Significant people Marcus Aurelius, Roman |
ran from January 1, 180, | 1, 180, to December 31, 189. Significant |
from January 1, 190, to December 31, | 190s decade ran from January 1, 190, |
method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan and Manius Laberius Maximus become Roman consuls. Pliny the Younger becomes a member of the College of Augurs (103–104). Legio X Gemina moves to Vienna, where it remains until the 5th century. By topic Religion In Palmyra, Syria, a Temple of... | frequently, year 856 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 103 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan and Manius Laberius Maximus become |
medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Pliny the Younger continues as a member of the College of Augurs (103–104). Nijmegen is renamed Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum. A fire breaks out in Rome. Trajan gives the order to have th... | Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Pliny the Younger continues as a member of the College of Augurs (103–104). Nijmegen is renamed Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum. A fire breaks out in Rome. Trajan gives the order to have the Alcántara Bridge, constr... |
of Legio II Adiutrix at Aquincum (modern Budapest) in Pannonia. Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix and II Traiana Fortis are created by Trajan. The Romans conquer Kerak from the Nabateans. Pacorus II of Parthia dies after a 27-year reign, in which he has reclaimed all of his empire. His successor Vologases III reigns until 147 AD... | Year of the Consulship of Candidus and Iulius (or, less frequently, year 858 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 105 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan starts th... |
Emperor He of Han dies after a 18-year reign. Empress Dowager Deng places her infant son Han Shangdi on the Chinese throne. First and the only year of yanping era. September 21 – Han Shangdi dies after a 7-month reign and is succeeded by his 12-year-old cousin Han Andi as ruler of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty (until... | of the term "Catholic Church". Emperor Trajan conquers the Dacian Fortresses of the Orăştie Mountains, and surrounds the capital, Sarmizegetusa. Battle of Sarmizegetusa: The Dacians are defeated, and the city is encircled with a circumvallation line. When the Romans destroy the water pipes, King Decebalus flees, and co... |
the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Lucius Licinius Sura and Quintus Sosius Senecio become consuls of Rome. An Indian ambassador is received | naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Lucius Licinius Sura and Quintus Sosius Senecio become consuls of Rome. An Indian ambassador is received by Emperor Trajan. Asia First year of the yongchu era of the Chinese |
naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus and Marcus Appius Bradua become Roman Consuls. By topic Arts and sciences Tacitus writes Histories, which covers the period from AD 69 to AD 96. The Hypogeum of Yarhai, an underground tomb from the Syrian city of Palmyra dedicated to the family o... | for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus and Marcus Appius Bradua become Roman Consuls. By topic Arts and sciences Tacitus writes Histories, which covers the period from AD 69 to |
is constructed at the Emperor Trajan's personal expense; the road connects Benevento with Brundisium (Brindisi). The Baths of Trajan, built by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus, are dedicated during the Calends. The thermae are constructed on the platform of the Palace of Nero (Domus Aurea) in Rome. Osroes I | period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire June 24 – The Aqua Traiana is inaugurated by Emperor Trajan; the aqueduct channels water from Lake Bracciano, north-west of Rome. The Via Traiana is constructed at the Emperor Trajan's |
the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The Forum of Trajan is constructed in Rome, by the Syrian architect Apollodorus of Damascus. The Roman Empire has more than of roads. Asia Caravans make regular departures fr... | more than of roads. Asia Caravans make regular departures from Luoyang with Chinese ginger, cassia (a type of cinnamon), and silk to be bartered in Central Asia for gold, silver, glassware, pottery, cloth, and intaglio gems from Rome. By topic Art and Science Suetonius, Roman historian, publishes Viris Illustribus ("On... |
urbe condita). The denomination 111 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan sends Pliny the Younger, to be governor (legatus Augusti) of Bithynia. Asia Indian Empero... | years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan sends Pliny the Younger, to be governor (legatus Augusti) of Bithynia. Asia Indian Emperor Senguttuvan invades the Kushan Empire, and defeats Kanishka and his brother Vijaya at Quilaluvam (near Mathura). Births Antinous, Bithynian Greek |
has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events <onlyinclude> By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan and Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus become Roman consuls. August 29 – Salonina Matidia receives the title of Augusta upon t... | By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan and Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus become Roman consuls. August 29 – Salonina Matidia receives the title of Augusta upon the death of Marciana. Publius Cornelius Tacitus becomes governor of the Roman province of Asia. Hadrian succeeds Gaius Julius Cassius Steirieus as archon of A... |
calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Celsus and Crispinus (or, less frequently, year 866 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 113 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for... | is completed to commemorate the Emperor's victory over the Dacians in the Second Dacian War. Osroes I of Parthia violates the treaty with Rome by installing a puppet ruler in Armenia. Emperor Trajan marches east, without first attempting to use diplomacy to resolve the disagreement. Emperor Trajan sails from Rome to be... |
Consulship of Hasta and Vopiscus (or, less frequently, year 867 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 114 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Construction begins on the Arch of Tr... | At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hasta and Vopiscus (or, less frequently, year 867 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 114 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini |
the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Vergilianus (or, less frequently, year 868 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 115 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By ... | Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Vergilianus (or, less frequently, year 868 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 115 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan is c... |
period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Trajan completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia, Babylon, Ctesiphon and Susa, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empire's eastern expansion. Trajan ma... | his army to the Persian Gulf and conquers territory that becomes the province of Parthia. Trajan removes Osroes I as king of Parthia, and appoints his son Parthamaspates in his place. Parthamaspates Romanizes his name to Parthicus. Trajan sends two expeditionary forces. One, consisting of elements of Legio III Cyrenaic... |
ill, leaving Hadrian in command of the east. On his death bed, Trajan adopts Hadrian and designates him as his successor. August 9 – Emperor Trajan dies of a stroke at Selinus in Cilicia, age 63, while en route from Mesopotamia to Italy, leaving the Roman Empire at its maximal territorial extent. Hadrian, who will reig... | common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Niger and Apronianus (or, less frequently, year 870 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 117 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno ... |
was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hadrianus and Fuscus (or, less frequently, year 871 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 118 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Trajan... | former consuls, who had been shown to have plotted against him. His relations with the Senate are strained. Pantheon, in Rome, starts to be built (approximate date). 118–128 – Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts, from Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is made (approximate date). It may be a copy of a painting done by the ... |
and annexes Southern Rajputana. </onlyinclude> Births Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Roman politician (approximate date) Marina of Aguas Santas, Roman Christian martyr (d. 139) Deaths December 23 – Salonia Matidia, niece of Trajan (b. AD 68) Plutarch, Greek historian and biographer (b. AD 46) San Secondo of Asti, Roman bisho... | Hispana at Eboracum. Hadrian also visits Britain in this year at the request of governor of Britain Quintus Pompeius Falco. Salonina Matidia (a niece of former Emperor Trajan) dies. Hadrian delivers her funeral oration, and grants her a temple in Rome. Asia Reign in Northern India by Nahapana, Scythian king. He attacks... |
and Fulvus (or, less frequently, year 873 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 120 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Hadrian visits Britain. Foss Dyke is constructed in... | for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Hadrian visits Britain. Foss Dyke is constructed in Britain. A Kushan ambassadorial contingent visits with Hadrian. Suetonius become... |
between Roman Britain and Caledonia, on a line running from the River Tyne to the Solway Firth. Construction of the Temple of Venus and Roma begins in Rome. Asia Era name changes from Yongning (2nd year) to Jianguang in the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty. Births April 26 – Marcus Annius Verus, later Emperor Marcus Aureliu... | of the Consulship of Verus and Augur (or, less frequently, year 874 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 121 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Roman settlement in present-day W... |
was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paetinus and Apronius (or, less frequently, year 876 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 123 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when th... | of the Consulship of Paetinus and Apronius (or, less frequently, year 876 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 123 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Hadrian averts a wa... |
Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 877 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 124 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Hadrian begins | ancient rites known as the Eleusinian Mysteries. Asia In northern India, Nahapana, ruler of the Scythians, is defeated and dies in battle while fighting against King Gautamiputra Satakarni. This defeat destroys the Scythian dynasty of the Western Kshatrapas. Births Apuleius, Numidian novelist, writer, public speaker (a... |
Events By place Roman Empire The old Pantheon is demolished by Emperor Hadrian, and the construction of a new one begins (its date is uncertain, because Hadrian chooses not to inscribe the temple). Asia First year of the Yongjian era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. </onlyinclude> Births August 1 – Pertinax, Roman emperor (... | uncertain, because Hadrian chooses not to inscribe the temple). Asia First year of the Yongjian era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. </onlyinclude> Births August 1 – Pertinax, Roman emperor (d. 193) Lu Kang, Chinese politician and prefect (d. 195) Deaths Domitia Longina, Roman empress (b. c. 53 |
the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Hadrian returns to Rome, after a seven-year voyage to the Roman provinces. Hadrian, acting on the advice of his proconsul of Asia, Gaius Minicius Fundanus, determines... | At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rufus and Squilla (or, less frequently, year 880 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 127 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman ... |
of stone in the east and with a wooden palisade in the west. They construct at least 16 forts, about 15,000 legionaries digging ditches, quarrying rock and cutting stone, preventing idleness which led to unrest and rebellions in the ranks. Roman agriculture declines, as imports from Egypt and North Africa depress wheat... | Roman province of North Africa, in order to inspect Legio III Augusta stationed at Lambaesis. For strategic reasons, the legionnaires are located in the Aurès Mountains. Hadrian's Wall is completed in Britain. Built mostly of stone in the east and with a wooden palisade in the west. They construct at least 16 forts, ab... |
of Celsus and Marcellus (or, less frequently, year 882 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 129 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire A defense for Numidia is constructed at Lambae... | voyages, now inspecting Caria, Cappadocia and Syria. By topic Songs The song "Angel's Hymn" is made. Religion Change of Patriarch of Constantinople, from Patriarch Diogenes to Eleutherius. Births Chen Ji, Chinese official, chancellor (d. 199) Galen, Greek physician, anatomist (d. c. 200/216) Liu Hong, Chinese official,... |
since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Arabia March 18 (approximate) – Muhammad makes his final sermon to the Muslims. Abu Bakr also known as Abdallah ibn Uthman ibn Amir better known by his Islamic laqab Al-Siddiq becam... | ibn al-Walid defeats the Apostate rebels under Tulayha, near Ha'il (Saudi Arabia). December – Battle of Aqraba: The Muslim forces of Abu Bakr defeat the Apostate rebels (40,000 men) under Musaylimah, on the plain of Aqraba. Europe April 8 – King Charibert II is assassinated at Blaye (Gironde), (possibly on orders of hi... |
Prince Eanfrith returns from Pictland to claim his rightful crown of Bernicia (Northern England). Both revert to paganism. Winter – Cadwallon is besieged by King Osric at York; he successfully breaks out of the city with all his forces, by surprise, and destroys Osric's army. Arabia Ridda Wars: Abu Bakr, caliph (khalif... | Persians and their Arab Christian allies. The Persian army is at least three times the size. Battle of Ullais: Forces of the Rashidun Caliphate under Khalid defeat an entire Persian army (70,000 men) near the river Euphrates. Khalid besieges the city of Hira. Siege of Hira: The Muslim Arabs (15,000 men) under Khalid at... |
Jadhuyih defeat the Muslim Arabs at the Euphrates (near Kufa). The sight of elephants panics the Muslims, and many are killed. Bahman does not pursue the fleeing Arab army. Arabia Battle of Firaz: The Rashidun Arabs (15,000 men) under Khalid ibn al-Walid defeat the combined forces of the Byzantine Empire, Persian Empir... | after the inhabitants resist his proposals. His army conquers and plunders the city, before proceeding to capture other towns in the area. Battle of Marj Rahit: A Muslim Arab army under Khalid defeats the Byzantine forces (15,000 men) and their Ghassanid allies. After the battle he sends a mounted column to the outskir... |
of the Assyrian Church of the East, preaches Nestorian Christianity to the Tang Dynasty. Aidan of Lindisfarne, Irish missionary, founds the monastery of Lindisfarne in Northumbria (Northern England). Birinus, Frankish missionary, converts King Cynegils of Wessex and becomes the first Bishop of Dorchester. Births Benedi... | calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 635 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire Emperor Heraclius makes an alliance with Kubrat, ruler (khagan) of Great Bulgaria... |
history, marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests, after the death of Muhammad. The city of Basra (modern Iraq) is founded on the Shatt al-Arab, at the head of the Persian Gulf. The port will become a major trading center for commodities from Arabia, India, and Persia. November 16–19 – Battle of al-Qādisiyyah: ... | Arab army defeats the Persian forces under Rostam Farrokhzād, at Al-Qādisiyyah (Southern Mesopotamia). Asia The Xumi Pagoda of Zhengding (China) is built, during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang. By topic Literature The historical texts of the Book of Northern Qi, Book of Chen, and Book of Sui are compiled in China... |
of Ctesiphon: The Rashidun army (15,000 men) under Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas occupies the Persian capital of Ctesiphon, after a two-month siege. King Yazdegerd III flees with the imperial treasure eastward into Media. Muslim forces conquer the Persian provinces as far as Khuzestan (modern Iran). Battle of Jalula: Muslim Arab... | – Siege of Jerusalem: The Rashidun army (20,000 men), led by 'Amr ibn al-'As, conquers Jerusalem after a six-month siege. The Byzantine garrison surrenders to Caliph Umar I, who is invited by Sophronius, patriarch of Jerusalem, to pray in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Umar declines, fearing that accepting the invit... |
Byzantine forces develop a system of defensive guerrilla warfare. The strategy is known as ‘shadowing warfare’, as it avoids battle with major Muslim invaders, and instead attacks raiding parties on their return when they are laden with booty, captured livestock or prisoners. July 4 – Heraklonas, age 12, son of Heracli... | there is only one will in Christ), and setting it forth as the official doctrine of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Ekthesis is vigorously opposed, notably by Maximus the Confessor. Britain King Oswald and his Northumbrian army besiege and conquer Edinburgh (Scotland). His half-brother, Oswiu of Bernicia, marries Prin... |
will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 639 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe January 19 – Dagobert I dies after a 10-year reign as king of all the... | destroy Susa in the lower Zagros Mountains. Plague of Emmaus: An epidemic disease which has broken out in Emmaus (Imwas) in Palestine strikes the city and the military camps of the Muslim Arabs, killing most of its population (estimated at 25,000 people) until it subsides in October. Asia The Xueyantuo assaults the Chi... |
Khosrow II. She ascends the throne as 26th monarch of Persia. Arabia January – Battle of Hunayn: Muhammad defeats the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin (12,000 men) in a valley, on one of the roads leading to Ta'if (Western Arabia). February 5 – Siege of Ta'if: Muhammad begins to besiege Ta'if and brings battering rams and cata... | the roads leading to Ta'if (Western Arabia). February 5 – Siege of Ta'if: Muhammad begins to besiege Ta'if and brings battering rams and catapults to suppress the fortress city, but is unable to penetrate it. December 11 – Conquest of Mecca: A Muslim army (10,000 men) marches on Mecca, which surrenders. Muhammad takes ... |
quarters nearby, but Heraclius attacks them at Tigranakert (Western Armenia), routing the forces of the generals Shahin Vahmanzadegan and Shahraplakan. The Byzantines destroy their baggage train. Europe The Visigoths under King Suintila recapture the Byzantine territories of Spania (Andalusia), after 70 years of occupa... | – King Khosrow II withdraws most of his troops from Chalcedon (Anatolia); he assembles three armies to trap and destroy Heraclius' forces. The Persians go into winter quarters nearby, but Heraclius attacks them at Tigranakert (Western Armenia), routing the forces of the generals Shahin Vahmanzadegan and Shahraplakan. T... |
days, he bypasses Mount Ararat and captures the strategic fortresses of Amida along the Arsanias River, and Martyropolis on the upper Tigris. The Persian army in northern Mesopotamia withdraws westward across the Euphrates. Heraclius pursues into Cilicia, accompanied by a great train of booty. Battle of Sarus: Heracliu... | calendar. The denomination 625 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire Byzantine–Sassanid War: Emperor Heraclius marches with his forces westward, through the mountains of Cord... |
strong Byzantine garrison in Trapezus, and withdraws north-eastward along the Black Sea into Colchis, where he halts the Persians by aggressive defensive-offensive operations along the Phasis River. By attracting the Persian army under Shahin Vahmanzadegan in Anatolia, he provides Theodore with the opportunity to defea... | on the Bosphorus, on the Asiatic side. The Theodosian Walls are stormed with the most up-to-date siege equipment, in the form of traction trebuchets. The Avars have also mobile armoured shelters (medieval 'sows') and siege towers; the latter are covered in hides for fire protection. The defense of the capital (12,000 w... |
the siege of Tblilisi. December 12 – Battle of Nineveh: Heraclius crosses the Great Zab river and defeats, in a feigned retreat, the Persian army (12,000 men) under Rhahzadh, near the ruins of Nineveh (Iraq). Although wounded, Heraclius refuses to leave the battlefield, and in a final cavalry charge personally kills th... | Short History of Byzantium, Vintage Books, p. 93. Britain King Eorpwald of East Anglia is murdered, and succeeded by Ricberht. He is a member of the East Anglian elite; during his rule paganism is re-established. April 12 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to Christianity by Bishop Paulinus of York, who previousl... |
about 1,400 men on a pilgrimage to Mecca, where their passage is blocked. The Quraysh tribe and the Muslim community in Medina sign a 10-year truce (Treaty of Hudaybiyyah). By topic Arts and sciences Indian astronomer Brahmagupta writes the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, an early, yet very advanced, mathematics book, including... | indemnity. Having accepted a peace agreement on his own terms, Heraclius returns in triumph to Constantinople. Third Perso-Turkic War: The Western Göktürks, under their leader Tong Yabghu Qaghan, plunder Tbilisi (modern Georgia). The Persian defenders are executed or mutilated; Tong Yabghu appoints governors (tuduns) t... |
lands east of the Jordan River, and is pushed back near Mu'tah by the Ghassanids. Asia April 27 – Shahrbaraz usurps the throne of the Sasanian Empire from Ardashir III, but is himself deposed forty days later by nobility in favour of Borandukht. Khosrow III briefly rules Khorasan in the confusion, until he is assassina... | tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. He converts them to Islam and prepares an expedition against the Jews. May - June – Battle of Khaybar: Muhammad and his followers defeat the Jews living in the fortified oasis at Khaybar, located 150 kilometers from Medina. September – Battle of Mu'tah: Muhammad fails to take the lands ... |
million laborers. Yángdi introduces an imperial examination, designed to select the best administrative officials (after they receive the jinshi) for the state; this begins a long bureaucratic tradition of scholar-officialdom in China. The Zhaozhou Bridge is completed under the Sui Dynasty, the earliest known fully sto... | army is withdrawn from the Balkan Peninsula. Phocas has Constantina, empress consort of Maurice, and her three daughters arrested. He accuses her of conspiracy, and has them executed at Chalcedon (Bithynia). Britain King Æthelfrith annexes the neighboring kingdom of Deira (Northern England). The region between the Fort... |
Ermenberga, daughter of Witteric, king of the Visigoths. Fighting takes place around Narbonne, but little is known of the details or outcome (approximate date). Queen Brunhilda has Uncelen, Duke of Alemannia, removed from office after his foot is cut off as revenge for Protadius' death (according to the Lex Alamannorum... | Empress Suiko appoints Ono no Imoko as official envoy to the Sui Court (Japanese missions to Imperial China). She sends him to pay tribute to Emperor Yángdi, and let him deliver the famous letter from prince-regent Shōtoku which begins: "The Son of Heaven where the sun rises (Japan), to the Son of Heaven where the sun ... |
Áedán mac Gabráin as king of Dál Riata (modern Scotland). Asia Sui Dynasty Emperor Yang of Sui expresses the desire to control routes to the West, leading to two and a half centuries of Chinese military and trading activities in Central Asia. By topic Religion September 25 – Pope Boniface IV succeeds Boniface III, as t... | invades Armenia, and raids deep into Anatolia through the Byzantine provinces of Cappadocia, Phrygia, Galatia, and Bithynia. Europe August 1 – The Column of Phocas at Rome is dedicated in honour of Phocas. The Corinthian column has a height of 13.6 m (44 ft). Britain Eochaid Buide succeeds his father Áedán mac Gabráin ... |
He defeats a Byzantine army under Bonus (comes Orientis) outside Alexandria, sent from Constantinople. Persia Battle of Dhi Qar: Arab tribesmen of Bakr ibn Wa'il defeat a Persian force (5,000 men), at a watering place near Kufa (Southern Iraq). Asia Emperor Yángdi completes the Grand Canal; it provides an unbroken inla... | size of roughly 50 million people. Shibi Khan becomes the ninth ruler (khagan) of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate (approximate date). By topic Religion May 13 – The Pantheon in Rome is consecrated as "St. Mary and the Martyrs" (informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda") by Pope Boniface IV (or 610). December 22 – Muhammad... |
is said to have authored a seventeen-article constitution. Rebellious Göktürks depose and kill the ambitious ruler (khagan) Tardu, of the Western Turkic Khaganate (Central Asia). Heshana Khan succeeds his father Tardu as ruler of the Göktürks, and levies heavy taxes on the Tiele people. By topic Religion Schuttern Abbe... | acclaimed new statues of Emperor Phocas and Empress Leontia. Britain Battle of Degsastan: King Æthelfrith of Northumbria defeats the combined forces of the Strathclyde Britons and Scots under Áedán mac Gabráin, establishing the supremacy of the Angles in the northern part of what will become known as the British Isles.... |
reconquer Byzantine territory. Narses, governor of Upper Mesopotamia, rebels against Phocas at the city of Edessa and requests aid from the Persians. Khosrau sends an expeditionary force to Armenia and crosses the Euphrates. Europe Spring – Witteric is appointed commander-in-chief of the Visigoth army, and receives ord... | Emperor Maurice succeeds in winning over the Avars to Byzantine rule, but his campaigns against the Avars, Lombards, Persians and Slavs drain the imperial treasury, requiring an increase in taxes. He orders the troops to stay for winter beyond the Danube, but a mutiny breaks out under Phocas. He brings the Byzantine fo... |
of Canterbury (Mellitus, Justus, and Honorius), and the future Archbishop of York Paulinus, are sent to England by Pope Gregory I to aid Augustine in his missionary work. Gregory writes the decretal Libellus responsionum to Augustine. Births September 13 – Ali, central figure in Shia Islam (d. 661) Hongren, Chán (Buddh... | Paulinus, are sent to England by Pope Gregory I to aid Augustine in his missionary work. Gregory writes the decretal Libellus responsionum to Augustine. Births September 13 – Ali, central figure in Shia Islam (d. 661) Hongren, Chán (Buddhist) patriarch of the Tang Dynasty (d. 674) Ma Zhou, chancellor of the Tang Dynast... |
the Pennines (North West of England), writes the poem, "Y Gododdin", recording the events of the Battle of Catraeth. The Britons of Strathclyde (Scotland), Wales and Cornwall are all separated by the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Asia The first of the Japanese embassies to Imperial China is sent (approximate date). The Persian... | place Europe King Chlothar II of Neustria is defeated by his nephews, Theudebert II and Theuderic II, at Dormelles (approximate date). Germanic and Slavic peoples have tremendous population growth, with the Slavs colonizing the Balkan Peninsula. Rome continues as part of the Byzantine Empire. The Italian mainland is di... |
the 1st year of the 740s decade. The denomination 740 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire Battle of Akroinon: Following the disastrous Battle of Sebastopolis (see 692), Emp... | Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik assembles an expeditionary force (90,000 men) under his son Sulayman ibn Hisham. One of these armies, 20,000 men strong under Abdallah al-Battal, is defeated at Akroinon (modern-day Afyon) by the Byzantines, led by Leo and his son, the future emperor Constantine V. About 6,800 Muslim Arab... |
the hands of the major domus, currently Carloman and Pepin the Short. Duke Odilo of Bavaria comes to the aid of Boruth, prince (knyaz) of the Carantanians, against repeated Avar incursions in present-day Austria, and is able to vassalize the Slavic principality. In exchange for Bavarian assistance, Boruth accepts his o... | governor of Iraq, imprisoned and tortured. Japan Emperor Shōmu changes the law of Perpetual Ownership of Cultivated Lands. This permits aristocrats and members of the clergy to cultivate land. The new farmland will be called shoin. Americas In one of the final battles of the Third Tikal-Calakmul War, the city of El Per... |
ruler. He is succeeded by Ratchis (formerly duke of Friuli) as king of the Lombards, who makes peace with Pope Zachary. Pepin the Short, mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy, invades the Swabian Jura (southwestern Germany), and chases Theudebald, Duke of Alamannia, from his mountain redoubt in Alsace. Switzerla... | Po), Chinese poet and skilled calligrapher, meets Du Fu for the first time. The Japanese imperial capital is moved from Kuni-kyō to Heijō-kyō. Americas Tikal takes over Naranjo, destroying Calakmul's once powerful and extensive network of allies, vassal states and trade networks, and ending the Third (and final) Tikal-... |
danger posed by Avar tribes from the east (approximate date). Asia China has accomplishments in poetry, painting and printing, but its monarchical system tends toward failure. Emperor Xuan Zong has fallen under the spell of his son's wife Yang Guifei (one of the Four Beauties of Ancient China), a Taoist priestess. He i... | the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire Bubonic plague in Asia Minor kills 1/3 of the population, and subsequently sweeps through the Peloponnese (Balkan Peninsula) (approximate date). Europe Hunald I, duke of Aquitaine, retires to a monastery, probably on Île de Ré. He is succ... |
of Krefeld: Anglo-Hanoverian forces under Ferdinand of Brunswick defeat the French. June 30 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Domstadtl: Austrian forces under Ernst Gideon von Laudon and Joseph von Siskovits rout an enormous convoy with supplies for the Prussian army, guarded by strong troops of Hans Joachim von Zieten. J... | 1840) September 18 – Louis Friant, French Napoleonic soldier (d. 1829) September 20 – Jean-Jacques Dessalines, leader of the Haitian Revolution (d. 1806) September 21 Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy, French linguist, orientalist (d. 1838) Christopher Gore, U.S. lawyer, politician (d. 1827) September 25 – Maria Anna The... |
period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire Arab–Byzantine Wars: Taking advantage of discontent among the Muslim Arabs, Emperor Constantine V invades Syria, and captures Germanikeia (modern Turkey). He organises the resettlement of p... | is succeeded by Swithred, grandson of the late king Sigeheard. Like his predecessors, he is not an independent ruler, but a sub-king of Mercia. Umayyad Caliphate August or September – Battle of Kafartuta: Caliph Marwan II defeats and kills Al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Shaybani, leader of the Kharijites, in Upper Mesopotamia. ... |
denomination 747 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Constantine V destroys the Arab fleet off Cyprus, with the aid of ships from the Italian ci... | Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 747 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Constantine V dest... |
II of Kent sends a message to Boniface, archbishop of Mainz, requesting two well-trained goshawks for hunting. He had earlier made a gift of two falcons and a goshawk to King Æthelbald of Mercia (approximate date). Arabian Empire February 14 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv,... | February 14 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan (modern Iran), marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i takes the cities Nishapur and Rey, defeating an Umayyad army (10,000 men) at Gorgan. December 9 –... |
to lift the siege by Pope Zachary. His decision to lift the siege of Perugia undermines his authority among the Lombard nobility, and ultimately results in the nobility deposing him at a council in Milan. King Ratchis is forced to retire with his family to the monastery at Monte Cassino. June – Aistulf succeeds his bro... | been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe King Ratchis of the Lombards besieges Perugia, but is convinced to lift the siege by Pope Zachary. His decision to lift the siege of Perugia undermines his authorit... |
the last Merovingian king Childeric III to retire to the monastery of Saint-Bertin. He proclaims himself as king of the Franks with the support of Pope Zachary, and is crowned at Soissons by Boniface, bishop of Mainz, becoming, as Pepin III,1 the first Carolingian monarch of the Frankish Kingdom. King Aistulf of the Lo... | with the Chinese for control of Central Asia, has become involved. Arab forces from Samarkand have marched to challenge a Chinese army (30,000 men) under Gao Xianzhi. Gao has had a series of military victories in the region, but his Turkish contingent, Karluk mercenaries, defects. Out of 10,000 Tang troops, only 2,000 ... |
King Teudebur defeat Prince Talorgan of the Picts. This leads to the decline of the power of King Óengus I. Africa The Ghana Empire begins (approximate date). India Gopala I is proclaimed as the first ruler and founder of the Pala Empire. America Native Americans, in the area now known as the Four Corners, begin constr... | defeat the Umayyads near the Great Zab River. Members of the Umayyad house are hunted down and killed. Defeated by his rivals, Caliph Marwan II flees westward to Egypt, perhaps attempting to reach Al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), where there are still significant Umayyad armies. August 6 – Marwan II is caught and killed... |
common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 753 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe Grifo, Frankish duke and illegit... | Pope Stephen II travels to the Lombard capital of Pavia, for negotiations with Aistulf. His terms for returning the Exarchate of Ravenna are declined. November – Stephen II crosses the passes of the Alps to Gaul. He leaves Rome unprotected, under threat of a siege from the Lombards. Eoban is appointed bishop of Utrecht... |
Unity Crowds in Paris burn monarchist emblems. The Louvre in Paris opens to the public as an art museum. August 23 – French Revolution: The following universal conscription decree is enacted in France: "The young men shall go to battle and the married men shall forge arms. The women shall make tents and clothes and sha... | Guardi, Italian painter (b. 1712) January 21 – King Louis XVI of France (executed) (b. 1754) February 1 – William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, British statesman (b. 1717) February 2 – Samuel Whittemore, American farmer and oldest known colonial combatant of the American Revolution (b. 1696) February 6 – Carlo G... |
that legally belongs to the Byzantine Empire; he gives it to Pope Stephen II. Aistulf dies in a hunting accident, and is succeeded by Desiderius as king of the Lombards. Ex-king Ratchis attempts unsuccessfully to seize the throne, but is opposed by Stephen II. Galla Gaulo is deposed, blinded and exiled. He is succeeded... | ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri in a battle for control of the Muslim-ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula (al-Andalus). Abd al-Rahman establishes the Emirate of Córdoba. During his reign trade and culture flourish, along with the construction of Islamic architecture (including the Great Mosque of Córdoba). Britain Battle ... |
begins a war with the Welsh (approximate date). Africa A group of four Basra-educated missionaries, including 'Abd al-Rahman Iban Rustam, proclaim the Ibadi imamate. Followers conquer the city of Kairouan (modern Tunisia), and massacre the Kharijites. Asia An Lushan Rebellion: The Chinese seaport of Guangzhou is sacked... | of Liutprand). He marries Adelperga, daughter of Desiderius, and establishes friendly (but largely independent) relations with the Lombard Kingdom. Desiderius deposes Alboin, duke of Spoleto (Central Italy), and exercises ducal authority himself, tying the duchy more closely to the Lombard capital of Pavia. Britain Kin... |
his forces are ambushed and defeated while crossing the Rishki Pass, near Stara Planina (modern Bulgaria). The Bulgarian ruler (khagan) Vinekh does not exploit his success, and begins peace negotiations. Europe Siege of Narbonne: The Franks under King Pepin III ("the Short") retake Narbonne from the Muslims, after a 7-... | invades Bulgaria again, but his forces are ambushed and defeated while crossing the Rishki Pass, near Stara Planina (modern Bulgaria). The Bulgarian ruler (khagan) Vinekh does not exploit his success, and begins peace negotiations. Europe Siege of Narbonne: The Franks under King Pepin III ("the Short") retake Narbonne ... |
Xuanzong's son, Suzong. Li Fuguo is appointed commander of the Imperial Guards, possessing nearly absolute power during Suzong's reign. The Kingdom of Nanzhao (Nanchao) in modern-day southern China expands into the Irrawaddy River region, first into Burma, then down into northern Laos and Thailand (approximate date). L... | Rodez and Albi. Duke Waifer of Aquitaine confiscates the Church lands, and plunders Burgundy. Pepin invades Aquitanian-held Berry and the Auvergne, capturing the fortresses of Bourbon and Clermont. Waifer's Basque troops are defeated by the Franks, and deported into northern France with their children and wives. Britai... |
to flee west, where he creates an autonomous state around Tihert (Tiaret). Khurshid II, the last ruler (spāhbed) of Tabaristan, poisons himself when he learns that his family has been captured by the Abbasids. Asia The Japanese priest Dōkyō cures Empress Kōken by using prayers and potions. He may have become her lover ... | 'Abd al-Rahmān ibn Rustam of the Rustamid dynasty. The latter is forced to flee west, where he creates an autonomous state around Tihert (Tiaret). Khurshid II, the last ruler (spāhbed) of Tabaristan, poisons himself when he learns that his family has been captured by the Abbasids. Asia The Japanese priest Dōkyō cures E... |
Li Fuguo murders Empress Zhang, wife of Emperor Su Zong. Shortly afterward Su Zong dies of a heart attack; he is succeeded by his son Dai Zong, who kills Li by sending assassins. By topic Religion Schäftlarn Abbey (Bavaria) is founded by Waltrich, a Benedictine monk of noble family, south of modern-day Munich, Germany.... | son Dai Zong, who kills Li by sending assassins. By topic Religion Schäftlarn Abbey (Bavaria) is founded by Waltrich, a Benedictine monk of noble family, south of modern-day Munich, Germany. Births Æthelred I, king of Northumbria (d. 796) Sayyida Nafisa, Arab scholar (d. 824) Deaths Æthelbert II, king of Kent Ashot III... |
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