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So what you really need, if you want to truly have rapid access to space, is a reliable and frequent access to space, is you need, basically, a small island nation in the middle of nowhere, with no neighbors and no air traffic. | Donc, il vous faut, pour avoir un accès vraiment rapide à l'espace, un accès fiable et fréquent. une petite nation insulaire au milieu de nulle part, sans voisins et sans trafic aérien. | en-fr |
And that just happened to be New Zealand. | D'où le choix de la Nouvelle-Zélande. | en-fr |
(Laughter) So, that's kind of the infrastructure bit. | (Risas) Esa es la parte relativa a la infraestructura. | en-es |
Now the next bit of that is regulatory. | Lo siguiente es la normativa. | en-es |
So, believe it or not, New Zealand is not known for its space prowess, or at least it wasn't. | Lo crean o no, Nueva Zelanda no es famosa por su dominio espacial, o al menos no lo era. | en-es |
And you can't just rock on up to a country with what is essentially considered an ICBM, because unfortunately, if you can put a satellite into orbit, you can use that rocket for doing significantly nasty things. | Y no se puede equipar a un país con lo que se considera un misil balístico de largo alcance porque, por desgracia, si se puede poner un satélite en órbita, puede usarse para hacer cosas muy peligrosas. | en-es |
So quickly, you run afoul of a whole lot of rules and regulations, and international treaties of the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction and whatnot. | De pronto, uno se enfrenta a un montón de normas y reglamentos y a los tratados internacionales de no proliferación de armas de destrucción masiva y demás. | en-es |
So it becomes quite complex. | Cela devient donc plutôt compliqué. | en-fr |
So in order for us to launch down in New Zealand, we had to get the United States government and the New Zealand government to agree to sign a bilateral treaty. | Pour que nous puissions lancer en Nouvelle-Zélande, il a fallu que les gouvernements des États-Unis et de la Nouvelle-Zélande acceptent de signer un traité bilatéral. | en-fr |
And then once that bilateral treaty was signed to safeguard the technology, the New Zealand government had a whole lot of obligations. | Y cuando se firmó ese tratado bilateral para salvaguardar la tecnología, el gobierno de Nueva Zelanda asumió muchas responsabilidades | en-es |
And they had to create a lot of rules and regulations. | Il a dû créer plein de normes et de règles : | en-fr |
In fact, they had to pass laws through a select committee and through Parliament, ultimately, and to complete laws. | tuvo que aprobar leyes por medio del Parlamento y de un comité selecto, en última instancia, hasta concretar las leyes. | en-es |
Once you have laws, you need somebody who administers them. | Une fois les lois établies, quelqu'un a dû les appliquer. | en-fr |
So they had to create a space agency. | Une agence spatiale a donc été créée. | en-fr |
And once they did, the Aussies felt left out, so they had to create a space agency. | Y una vez que lo hizo, los australianos se sintieron excluidos y crearon una agencia espacial. | en-es |
And on and on it goes. | y así sucesivamente. | en-es |
So you see, there's a massive portion of this, in fact, two thirds of it, that does not even involve the rocket. | Como ven, una gran parte de todo esto, de hecho, dos terceras partes, ni siquiera tiene que ver con cohetes. | en-es |
(Laughter) Now, let's talk about the rocket. | (Rires) Maintenant, parlons de la fusée. | en-fr |
You know, what I didn't say is that we're actually licensed to launch every 72 hours for the next 30 years. | Je ne vous ai pas dit que nous sommes autorisés à lancer tous les trois jours pour les 30 prochaines années. | en-fr |
So we have more launch availability as a private company than America does as an entire country. | Notre entreprise a donc plus de créneaux de lancement que les États-Unis en tant que nation. | en-fr |
And if you've got a launch every 72 hours, then that means you have to build a rocket every 72 hours. | Et avec un lancement tous les trois jours, il faut construire une fusée tous les trois jours. | en-fr |
And unfortunately, there's no such thing as just a one-stop rocket shop. | Y, por desgracia, no existe algo como un servicio integral para cohetes. | en-es |
You can't go and buy bits to build a rocket. | No se pueden comprar piezas para construir un cohete. | en-es |
Every rocket is absolutely bespoke, every component is absolutely bespoke. | Chaque fusée est entièrement sur mesure, chaque composant est entièrement sur mesure. | en-fr |
And you're in a constant battle with physics every day. | Es una lucha continua con la física todos los días. | en-es |
Every single day, I wake up and I battle physics. | Chaque jour, je me réveille et je lutte contre la physique. | en-fr |
And I'll give you an example of this. | Et je vais vous en donner un exemple. | en-fr |
So on the side of our rocket, there's a silver stripe. | Sur le flanc de la fusée, on voit une bande argentée. | en-fr |
The reason is because there's avionic components behind there. | Esto es porque hay piezas de aviónica ahí detrás. | en-es |
We needed to lower the emissivity of the skin so we didn't cook the components from the sunlight. | Il a fallu diminuer l'émissivité de la couche afin que les rayons solaires ne cuisent pas les composants. | en-fr |
So we paint a silver stripe. | D'où la bande argentée peinte. | en-fr |
Unfortunately, as you're sailing through the Earth's atmosphere, you generate a lot of static electricity. | Por desgracia, al atravesar la atmósfera de la Tierra se genera mucha electricidad estática, | en-es |
And if you don't have conductive paint, you'll basically send lightning bolts down to the Earth. | Et sans peinture conductrice, on enverrait des éclairs sur la Terre. | en-fr |
So even the silver paint has to be triboelectrificated and certified and applied and everything, and the stickers, they're a whole nother story. | Donc même la bande argentée doit être triboélectrique, certifiée, appliquée, etc. sans parler des plaques adhésives... | en-fr |
But even the simplest thing is always, always a real struggle. | Hasta la cosa más simple es siempre una auténtica batalla. | en-es |
Now, to the heart of any launch vehicle is the engine. | Au cœur de chaque lanceur se trouve le moteur. | en-fr |
This is our Rutherford rocket engine. | Voici notre moteur-fusée Rutherford. | en-fr |
And usually, you measure rocket engines in terms of time to manufacture, in terms of sort of months or even sometimes years, on really big engines. | Por lo general, los motores de los cohetes se evalúan en función del tiempo de producción, meses o incluso a veces años, en los motores de gran tamaño. | en-es |
But if you're launching every 72 hours -- there's 10 engines per rocket -- then you need to produce an engine very quickly. | Mais en lançant tous les trois jours -- il y a 10 moteurs par fusée -- alors il faut produire un moteur très rapidement. | en-fr |
We needed to come up with a whole new process and a whole new cycle for the rocket engine. | Il a fallu trouver un tout nouveau procédé et un tout nouveau cycle pour le moteur. | en-fr |
We came up with a new cycle called the electric turbo pump, but we also managed to be able to 3D-print these rocket engines. | Creamos un nuevo ciclo llamado turbobomba eléctrica, pero también conseguimos imprimir los motores de cohete en 3D. | en-es |
So each one of these engines is 3D-printed out of Inconel superalloy, and right now, we can print round about one engine every 24 hours. | Cada uno de estos motores se imprime en 3D en una superaleación de inconel, y ya podemos imprimir alrededor de un motor cada 24 horas. | en-es |
Now, the electric turbo pump cycle is a totally different way to pump propellant into the rocket engine. | Le cycle d'alimentation par pompes électriques est une façon totalement différente d'injecter le propulseur dans le moteur de la fusée. | en-fr |
So we carry about one megawatt where the battery is on board. | Cargamos cerca de un megavatio en la batería de a bordo | en-es |
And we have little electric turbo pumps, about the size of a Coke can, not much bigger than a Coke can. | y obtenemos mini turbobombas eléctricas, del tamaño de una lata de Coca-Cola, no mucho más grandes. | en-es |
They spin at 42,000 RPM, and each one of those Coke-can-sized turbo pumps produces about the same amount of horsepower as your average family car, and we have 20 of them on the rocket. | Giran a 42 000 RPM, y cada una de esas turbobombas genera la misma potencia que un coche familiar promedio. Nuestro cohete tiene 20 turbobombas. | en-es |
So you can see even the simplest thing, like pumping propellants, always pretty much drives you insane. | Como ven, algo tan simple como el bombeo de propulsor produce quebraderos de cabeza. | en-es |
This is Electron, it works. | Voici Electron, elle fonctionne. | en-fr |
(Laughter) (Applause) Not only does it work once, it seems to work quite frequently, which is handy when you've got a lot of customers to put on orbit. | (Rires) (Applaudissements) Et pas qu'une seule fois : elle fonctionne souvent, ce qui est pratique quand on a plein de clients à mettre en orbite. | en-fr |
So far, we've put 25 satellites in orbit. | En tout, nous avons lancé 25 satellites en orbite. | en-fr |
And the really cool thing is we're able to do it very, very accurately. | La cerise sur le gâteau : nous pouvons le faire très précisément. | en-fr |
In fact, we insert the satellites to within an accuracy of 1.4 kilometers. | En fait, nous plaçons les satellites avec une précision de 1,4 kilomètre. | en-fr |
And I guess if you're riding in a cab, 1.4 kilometers is not very accurate. | Supongo que, si van en taxi, 1,4 km no es un radio de precisión alto, | en-es |
But in, kind of, space terms, that equates to around about 180 milliseconds. | Mais dans l'espace, cela équivaut à environ 180 millisecondes. | en-fr |
We travel 1.4 kilometers in about 180 milliseconds. | Atravesamos 1,4 km en unos 180 milisegundos. | en-es |
So, it's actually quite hard to do. | La verdad es que es bastante difícil. | en-es |
(Laughter) Now, what I want to talk about here is space junk. | (Risas) Voy a hablarles ahora de la basura espacial. | en-es |
We've talked a lot during this talk about, you know, how we want to launch really frequently, every 72 hours, and all the rest of it. | Ya he hablado a lo largo de la charla de cómo nos proponemos hacer lanzamientos cada 72 horas, y todo lo demás. | en-es |
However, I don't want to go down in history as the guy that put the most amount of space junk in orbit. | Pero no quiero pasar a la posteridad como el tipo que puso en órbita la mayor cantidad de basura espacial. | en-es |
This is kind of the industry's dirty little secret here, what most people don't realize is that the majority of space junk by mass is not actually satellites, it's dead rockets. | C'est le petit secret peu reluisant de l'industrie spatiale : les gens ne se rendent pas compte que la majorité de la masse des déchets spatiaux ne sont pas des satellites, mais d'anciennes fusées. | en-fr |
Because as you ascend to orbit, you have to shed bits of the rocket to get there, with the battle of physics. | Porque para ascender a órbita hay que expulsar partes del cohete, con la batalla de la física. | en-es |
So I'm going to give a little Orbital Mechanics 101 here, and talk about how we go to orbit, and how we do it really, really differently from everybody else. | Je vais vous donner un cours de mécanique spatiale débutants sur comment aller en orbite et comment nous le faisons très différemment des autres. | en-fr |
So the second stage cruises along and then we separate off a thing at the top called the kick stage, but we leave the second stage in this highly elliptical orbit. | En el transcurso de la segunda etapa se separa una pieza de la parte superior, llamada "kick stage", pero esta etapa permanece en una órbita altamente elíptica. | en-es |
And at the perigee of the orbit, or the lowest point, it dips into the Earth's atmosphere and basically burns back up. | Au périgée de l'orbite, le point le plus bas, la fusée plonge dans l'atmosphère terrestre et se réduit en cendres. | en-fr |
So now we're left with this little kick stage, that white thing on the corner of the screen. | Lo que queda es la "kick stage", la pieza blanca en la parte inferior de la pantalla. | en-es |
It's got its own propulsion system, and we use it to raise and trim the orbit and then deploy the spacecraft. | Elle a son système de propulsion : on l'utilise pour élever et ajuster l'orbite afin de déployer le vaisseau spatial. | en-fr |
And then because it's got its own engine, we put it into a retro orbit, put it back into a highly elliptical orbit, reenter it into the atmosphere and burn it back up, and leave absolutely nothing behind. | Como tiene su propio motor, lo ponemos en una órbita retrógrada, lo reubicamos en una órbita altamente elíptica, lo reintroducimos en la atmósfera y lo propulsamos hacia arriba, y no queda ningún rastro. | en-es |
Now everybody else in the industry is just downright filthy, they just leave their crap everywhere out there. | El resto de la industria es francamente repugnante, deja su basura por todos lados. | en-es |
(Laughter) (Applause) So I want to tell you a little bit of a story, and this is going to date me, but I went to a school at the very bottom of the South Island in New Zealand, tiny little school, and we had a computer not dissimilar to this one. | (Risas) (Aplausos) Voy a contarles una pequeña anécdota que revelará mi edad: fui a un colegio en el límite meridional de la Isla Sur de Nueva Zelanda, un colegio pequeño, y teníamos un ordenador parecido a este. | en-es |
And attached to that computer was a little black box called a modem, and every Friday, the class would gather around the computer and we would send an email to another school in America that was lucky enough to have the same kind of setup, and we would receive an email back. | Conectada al ordenador había una pequeña caja llamada módem y cada viernes, la clase se reunía junto al ordenador y enviábamos un correo a otro colegio en EE. UU. con el mismo tipo de configuración, y ellos enviaban un correo de vuelta. | en-es |
And we thought that was just incredible, absolutely incredible. | Nos parecía algo totalmente increíble. | en-es |
Now I often wonder what would happen if I traveled back in time and I sat down with myself and I explained all of the things that were going to occur because of that little black box connected to the computer. | Je me demande souvent ce qui se passerait si je retournais dans le temps pour m'expliquer à moi-même tout ce qui allait se produire grâce à cette petite boîte noire branchée à l'ordinateur. | en-fr |
You would largely think that it would be complete fantasy. | Lo vería como una fantasía. | en-es |
But the reality is that is where we are right now with space. | Et c'est précisément là où nous en sommes au sujet de l'espace. | en-fr |
We're right on the verge of democratizing space, and we have essentially sent our first email to space. | Estamos a punto de democratizar el espacio, y acabamos de enviar nuestro primer correo electrónico al espacio. | en-es |
Now I'll give you some examples. | Les pondré algunos ejemplos: | en-es |
So last year, we flew a small satellite for a bunch of high school students who had built it. | el año pasado, lanzamos un pequeño satélite construido por un grupo de estudiantes de secundaria. | en-es |
And the high school students were studying the atmosphere of Venus. | Les lycéens étudiaient l'atmosphère de Vénus. | en-fr |
Those are high school students launching their own satellite. | Un grupo de estudiantes que lanzaban su propio satélite. | en-es |
Another great example, there's a number of really big programs right now to place large constellations, of small satellites in orbit to deliver internet to every square millimeter on the planet. | Otro buen ejemplo: hay un gran número de proyectos muy importantes ahora mismo para poner en órbita grandes constelaciones de pequeños satélites para que Internet llegue a cada milímetro cuadrado del planeta. | en-es |
And for pretty much everybody in this room, that's just handy, because we can stream Netflix anywhere we want. | Algo muy útil para muchos de los que están en esta sala porque nos permite ver Netflix donde queramos. | en-es |
But if you think about the developing countries of the world, you've just disseminated the entire knowledge of the world to every single person in the world. | Mais si on pense aux pays en développement, on pourrait diffuser toute la connaissance du monde à chaque personne sur Terre. | en-fr |
And that's going to have a pretty major effect. | Y eso tendrá un impacto muy significativo. | en-es |
It was a fantastic new pink suit with big buttons and shoulder pads. | 我穿着崭新靓丽的粉红套装， 上面有大大的纽扣和垫肩。 | en-zh-cn |
It was 1997, and I was the new boss of Griffin's Foods, an iconic cookie and snacks company in New Zealand. | C'était l'année 1997 et j'étais la nouvelle patronne chez Griffin's Food, une entreprise emblématique de biscuits et d'en-cas en Nouvelle-Zélande. | en-fr |
It was my first time as the leader of a company, and I was on the stage to give a big speech about our ambitious new goals. | 회사를 이끄는 자리에 오른 것이 저에게는 처음이었고, 연설을 하고자 무대 위에 섰습니다. 앞으로의 야심찬 목표에 대한 연설이었죠. | en-ko |
I knew exactly what my call to action was, which was "One in every four times a Kiwi eats a snack, it will be one of ours." | 我早就想好口號了 「紐西蘭人每吃四次點心 就會有一次吃到我們的產品」 | en-zh-tw |
I emphasized that we knew how to measure our results and that our future was in our control. | Am subliniat că știam cum să ne măsurăm rezultatele și că dețineam controlul asupra viitorului. | en-ro |
Embarrassingly enough, I finished up with "If not this, what? | Utanç verici bir şekilde konuşmamı şöyle bitirdim: "Bu değilse, ne? | en-tr |
If not us, who? | Biz değilsek, kim? | en-tr |
And if not now, when?" | "지금이 아니면 언제가 될까요?" | en-ko |
I got this huge round of applause and I was really, really pleased with myself. | ئهو چهپڵه زۆرهم بۆ لێدرا بهڕاستی زۆر دڵم بهخۆم خۆشبوو | en-ku |
I wanted so much to be a good leader. | Îmi doream atât de mult să fiu un lider bun. | en-ro |
I wanted to be followed by a devoted team, I wanted to be right. | ،دهمویست كهسانێكی دڵسۆز لهدهورم بن .دهمویست كهسێكی ڕاستبم | en-ku |
In short, I wanted to be a hero. | Kısacası, bir kahraman olmak istiyordum. | en-tr |
A hero selling chips and biscuits in a pink suit. | Une héroïne vendant des chips et des biscuits dans un tailleur rose. | en-fr |
(Laughter) What happened after that speech? | (Risas) ¿Qué pasó tras mi discurso? | en-es |
All of that applause did not lead to action. | Todos aqueles aplausos não levaram à ação. | en-pt |
Nothing changed. | 始終如一 | en-zh-tw |
Not because they didn't like me or the message. | 청중들이 저나 저의 메세지를 싫어했기 때문이 아니라, | en-ko |
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