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As you go up, those are bigger trials, so they've got less error; they're less likely to be randomly false positives or negatives. | Y, a medida que suben, estos son los ensayos más grandes, y tienen menos errores. Es menos probable que tengan resultados falsos positivos o negativos al azar. | en-es |
So they all cluster together. | 그것들은 모두 함께 그룹 지어집니다 | en-ko |
The big trials are closer to the true answer. | Studiile mari se află mai aproape de răspunsul adevărat. | en-ro |
Then as you go further down at the bottom, what you can see is, on this side, spurious false negatives, and over on this side, spurious false positives. | Cando imos cara ao fondo, o que vemos é, neste lado, os falsos negativos espurios e, neste lado, os falsos positivos espurios. | en-gl |
If there is publication bias, if small negative trials have gone missing in action, you can see it on one of these graphs. | Εάν υπάρξει μεροληψία, αν οι μικρές αρνητικές δοκιμές έχουν αποσιωπηθεί, φαίνεται σε ένα τέτοιο γράφημα. | en-el |
So you see here that the small negative trials that should be on the bottom left have disappeared. | بنابراین شما می توانید اینجا ببینید که آزمایشات منفی کوچک که باید بود در سمت چپ پایین باشند ناپدید شده اند. | en-fa |
This is a graph demonstrating the presence of publication bias in studies of publication bias. | Das ist eine Graphik, die die Präsenz von Messabweichungen in Studien von Publizierungsabweichungen demonstriert. Ich denke, dass das der lustigste epidemiologische Witz ist, | en-de |
And I think that's the funniest epidemiology joke you will ever hear. | ki jo boste kdajkoli slišali. | en-sl |
(Laughter) That's how you can prove it statistically. | 剛剛說的，就是說明該如何透過統記證明 那麼實例呢？ | en-zh-tw |
Well, they're heinous, they really are. | Nun, die sind wirklich abscheulich. | en-de |
This is a drug called reboxetine. | Tai vaistas pavadinimu reboksetinas. | en-lt |
This is a drug which I, myself, have prescribed to patients. | É uma droga que eu prescrevi a doentes. | en-pt |
And I'm a very nerdy doctor. | І я дуже ретельний доктор. | en-uk |
I hope I go out of my way to try and read and understand all the literature. | 我寄希望于阅读和理解所有文献 我读了试验资料，都是正面结果，都是正规操作 | en-zh-cn |
They were all positive, all well-conducted. | Tidak ada kesalahan yang saya temukan. | en-id |
I found no flaw. | На жаль, з'ясувалося, | en-uk |
Unfortunately, it turned out, that many of these trials were withheld. | at mange af de her forsøgsresultater blev skjult. | en-da |
In fact, 76 percent of all of the trials that were done on this drug were withheld from doctors and patients. | למעשה, 76% מכל המחקרים שנעשו על התרופה הזו הוסתרו מרופאים ומפציינטים. עכשיו, אם תחשבו על זה, | en-he |
Now if you think about it, if I tossed a coin a hundred times, and I'm allowed to withhold from you the answers half the times, then I can convince you that I have a coin with two heads. | si je lance une pièce 100 fois, et si j'ai le droit de ne pas vous dire le résultat une fois sur deux, j'arriverai à vous convaincre que j'ai une pièce avec deux côtés "Face". | en-fr |
If we remove half of the data, we can never know what the true effect size of these medicines is. | Αν αφαιρέσουμε τα μισά δεδομένα δε μπορούμε με τίποτα να ξέρουμε την πραγματική δραστικότητα αυτών των φαρμάκων. | en-el |
And this is not an isolated story. | Ceci n'est pas un cas unique. Environ la moitié des tests sur les antidépresseurs a été cachée, | en-fr |
Around half of all of the trial data on antidepressants has been withheld, but it goes way beyond that. | dogaja pa se še več. | en-sl |
The Nordic Cochrane Group were trying to get ahold of the data on that to bring it all together. | De Nordic Cochrane Group probeerde die gegevens vast te krijgen om ze allemaal samen te brengen. De Cochrane Groups zijn een internationale non-profit samenwerking | en-nl |
The Cochrane Groups are an international nonprofit collaboration that produce systematic reviews of all of the data that has ever been shown. | que produzem revisões sistemáticas de todos os dados que já tenham sido apresentados. E eles precisam ter acesso a todos os dados do experimento. | en-pt-br |
And they need to have access to all of the trial data. | Aber die Firmen hielten Daten vor ihnen zurück, | en-de |
So did the European Medicines Agency -- for three years. | 歐洲藥物管理局也是如此 已經達三年了 | en-zh-tw |
This is a problem that is currently lacking a solution. | Ovo je problem za koji trenutno ne postoji rešenje. | en-sr |
And to show how big it goes, this is a drug called Tamiflu, which governments around the world have spent billions and billions of dollars on. | Per mostrar fins on pot arribar, hi ha una medicina anomenada Tamiflu, en la qual governs de tot el món s'han gastat milions i milions de dòlars. | en-ca |
And they spend that money on the promise that this is a drug which will reduce the rate of complications with flu. | Potrošile su taj novac jer su se povodile za obećanjem kako će ovaj lijek smanjiti stopu komplikacija vezanih uz gripu. | en-hr |
We already have the data showing it reduces the duration of your flu by a few hours. | Já temos os dados demonstrando que ela reduz a duração de sua gripe por poucas horas. | en-pt-br |
But I don't care about that, governments don't care. | แต่จริงๆแล้วผมไม่ได้ห่วงเรื่องนั้น รัฐบาลต่างๆก็ไม่ห่วงเรื่องนั้น ผมเสียใจมากถ้าคุณเป็นไข้หวัดใหญ่ ผมรู้ว่ามันแย่ | en-th |
I'm sorry if you have the flu, I know it's horrible, but we're not going to spend billions of dollars trying to reduce the duration of your flu symptoms by half a day. | mais nous n'allons pas dépenser des milliards pour essayer de diminuer la durée de vos symptômes grippaux d'une demi-journée. | en-fr |
We prescribe these drugs. | Wir verschreiben diese Medikamente, wir legen Vorräte für Notfälle an, | en-de |
We stockpile them for emergencies on the understanding they'll reduce the number of complications, which means pneumonia and death. | 因為我們瞭解，他們可以降低併發症可能性 併發症可能是肺炎，或是死亡 以義大利為根基的科克倫小組，正努力從藥品公司 | en-zh-tw |
The infectious diseases Cochrane Group, which are based in Italy, has been trying to get the full data in a usable form out of the drug companies, so they can make a full decision about whether this drug is effective or not, and they've not been able to get that information. | намагалися отримати повні дані від фармацевтичних компаній у формі, в якій можна робити аналіз результатів, щоб можна було зробити правильне рішення про те, чи цей препарат є ефективним чи ні, і вони не змогли отримати цю інформацію. | en-uk |
This is undoubtedly the single biggest ethical problem facing medicine today. | Ini sudah pasti adalah masalah etika terbesar yang dihadapi dunia pengobatan sekarang. | en-id |
We cannot make decisions in the absence of all of the information. | Não podemos tomar decisões sem toda a informação. | en-pt |
So it's a little bit difficult from there to spin in some kind of positive conclusion. | Egy kicsit nehéz innen valamilyen pozitív befejezésbe fordulni. | en-hu |
But I would say this: I think that sunlight is the best disinfectant. | Però jo us diria: crec que la llum del sol és el millor desinfectant. | en-ca |
All of these things are happening in plain sight, and they're all protected by a force field of tediousness. | Mọi vấn đề đang diễn ra với cái nhìn đơn điệu, và chúng được che mắt bởi một phạm vi ảnh hưởng nhàm chán. | en-vi |
And I think, with all of the problems in science, one of the best things that we can do is to lift up the lid, finger around at the mechanics and peer in. | Smatram, sa svim problemima u znanosti, da najbolje što možemo napraviti jest podići pokolopac, počeprkati po mehanici i zaviriti unutra. Hvala vam najljepša. | en-hr |
The history of civilization, in some ways, is a history of maps: How have we come to understand the world around us? | Istoria civilizației, în anumite privințe, este o istorie a hărților: Cum am ajuns să înțelegem lumea din jurul nostru? | en-ro |
One of the most famous maps works because it really isn't a map at all. | 유명한 이 지도의 성공 비결은 사실상 '지도'가 아니었다는 데 있어요. | en-ko |
[Small thing. Big idea.] [Michael Bierut on the London Tube Map] The London Underground came together in 1908, when eight different independent railways merged to create a single system. | (Klein ding. Groot idee.) [Michael Bierut over de London Tube Map] De Underground in Londen kwam in 1908 tot leven toen acht verschillende onafhankelijke spoorwegen gingen samenwerken om een enkel systeem te creëren. | en-nl |
They needed a map to represent that system so people would know where to ride. | پێویستیان بە نەخشەیەک بوو بۆ وێناکردنی ئەو سیستەمە تا خەڵکی بزانن لە کوێ سەر دەکەون. | en-ku |
The map they made is complicated. | 但他们制作的地图十分复杂。 | en-zh-cn |
You can see rivers, bodies of water, trees and parks -- the stations were all crammed together at the center of the map, and out in the periphery, there were some that couldn't even fit on the map. | Er staan rivieren, vijvers, bomen en parken op -- de stations stonden samengepropt in het midden van de kaart, en buiten de omtrek waren er zelfs die niet op de kaart pasten. | en-nl |
So the map was geographically accurate, but maybe not so useful. | तो नक्शा भौगोलिक दृष्टि से सटीक था, लेकिन शायद इतना उपयोगी नहीं है। | en-hi |
Enter Harry Beck. | Intră în scenă Harry Beck. | en-ro |
Harry Beck was a 29-year-old engineering draftsman who had been working on and off for the London Underground. | Гаррі Бек був 29-річним інженером-кресляром, який іноді працював на лондонський метрополітен. | en-uk |
And he had a key insight, and that was that people riding underground in trains don't really care what's happening aboveground. | Hij begreep een ding goed: het maakt mensen die ondergronds in een trein rijden niet uit wat er boven de grond te zien is. | en-nl |
They just want to get from station to station -- "Where do I get on? Where do I get off?" | 彼らはただ 駅から駅へ 移動したいだけです 「どこから乗る？ どこで降りる？」 | en-ja |
It's the system that's important, not the geography. | O sistema é que é importante, não a geografia. | en-pt |
He's taken this complicated mess of spaghetti, and he's simplified it. | Beck tomó ese lío de espaguetis y lo simplificó. | en-es |
The lines only go in three directions: they're horizontal, they're vertical, or they're 45 degrees. | As linhas vão apenas em três direções: são horizontais, verticais ou oblíquas por 45 graus. | en-pt |
Likewise, he spaced the stations equally, he's made every station color correspond to the color of the line, and he's fixed it all so that it's not really a map anymore. | Do mesmo modo, ele espaçou as estações igualmente, e fez com que todas as cores da estação correspondessem à cor da linha, e ele coordenou tudo, de modo que o mapa não é mais um mapa, | en-pt-br |
What it is is a diagram, just like circuitry, except the circuitry here isn't wires conducting electrons, it's tubes containing trains conducting people from place to place. | To je diagram, kot tokokrog, samo da ta tokokrog niso žice, ki povezujejo elektrone, so tuneli z vlaki, ki ljudi premikajo iz kraja v kraj. | en-sl |
In 1933, the Underground decided, at last, to give Harry Beck's map a try. | 1933-ban a metrótársaság végre úgy döntött, ad egy esélyt Beck térképének. | en-hu |
The Underground did a test run of a thousand of these maps, pocket-size. | Metro cebe sığacak boyutta bu haritadan binlerce bastırıp test yaptı. | en-tr |
They were gone in one hour. | 한 시간 만에 동이 나 버립니다. | en-ko |
They realized they were onto something, they printed 750,000 more, and this is the map that you see today. | Ugotovili so, da so na dobri poti, jih natisnili še 750.000, in to je zemljevid, ki ga vidite danes. | en-sl |
Beck's design really became the template for the way we think of metro maps today. | Beck dizájnja lett a sablon, amelyre a mai metrótérképek épülnek. | en-hu |
Tokyo, Paris, Berlin, São Paulo, Sydney, Washington, D.C. -- all of them convert complex geography into crisp geometry. | Tokio, Parijs, Berlijn, São Paulo, Sydney, Washington D.C. -- ze veranderen ingewikkelde geografie allemaal in duidelijke geometrie. | en-nl |
All of them use different colors to distinguish between lines, all of them use simple symbols to distinguish between types of stations. | 路線を区別するために 異なる色を用い 駅の種別を区別するために シンプルな記号を用いています | en-ja |
They all are part of a universal language, seemingly. | Alle sind wie Teile einer allgemeingültigen Sprache. | en-de |
I bet Harry Beck wouldn't have known what a user interface was, but that's really what he designed and he really took that challenge and broke it down to three principles that I think can be applied in nearly any design problem. | Segur que Beck no sabia què era una interfície d'usuari, però és el que va dissenyar. Va acceptar el repte i ho va dividir en tres principis bàsics que es poden aplicar a qualsevol problema de disseny. | en-ca |
First one is focus. | El primer és centrar-se. | en-ca |
Focus on who you're doing this for. | Фокус върху това за кого го правиш? | en-bg |
The second principle is simplicity. | Za druhé je to jednoduchost. | en-cs |
What's the shortest way to deliver that need? | Wat is de kortste weg om die behoefte te vervullen? | en-nl |
Finally, the last thing is: Thinking in a cross-disciplinary way. | 最後の３つ目の原則は 「分野横断的に考えること」です | en-ja |
Who would've thought that an electrical engineer would be the person to hold the key to unlock what was then one of the most complicated systems in the world -- all started by one guy with a pencil and an idea. | Quem iria pensar que um engenheiro de eletricidade seria a pessoa que iria resolver um dos sistemas mais complicados do mundo? Tudo começou com um tipo com um lápis e uma ideia. | en-pt |
The hoodie is an amazing object. | 兜帽上衣是樣很了不起的東西。 | en-zh-tw |
It's one of those timeless objects that we hardly think of, because they work so well that they're part of our lives. | 是那种早已悄悄融入我们的生活， 几乎被我们遗忘了的 无数物件之一。 | en-zh-cn |
We call them "humble masterpieces." | Ми називаємо його «непомітний шедевр». | en-uk |
[Small thing.] [Big idea.] [Paola Antonelli on the Hoodie] The hoodie has been -- even if it was not called so -- it's been an icon throughout history for good and for bad reasons. | [Маленька річ]. [Велика ідея]. [Паола Антонеллі розмірковує про одяг з капюшоном]. Одяг з капюшоном є, навіть якщо її так і не називали, іконою в історії людства, як із позитивного, так і негативного боків. | en-uk |
The earliest ones that we can trace are from ancient Greece and ancient Rome. | Os primeiros que podemos reconhecer são da Grécia e da Roma antigas. | en-pt-br |
The Middle Ages, you see a lot of monks that were wearing garments that were cape-like, with hoods attached, so therefore, "hoodies." | Na Idade Média, vemos muitos monges vestindo peças de roupa semelhantes a capas com capuzes: os "moletons com capuz". | en-pt-br |
Ladies in the 17th century would wear hoodies to kind of hide themselves when they were going to meet their lovers. | 17 वीं शताब्दी में महिलाएं हुडी पहनती थीं खुद को छिपाने के लिए जब वे अपने प्रेमी से मिलने जाी थीं। | en-hi |
And then, of course, there's the legend, there's fantasy. | Sonra tabii efsane ve fantezi de vardı. | en-tr |
There's the image of the hoodie connected to the grim reaper. | Postoji i prikaz duksa sa kapuljačom koji je povezan sa Smrću. | en-sr |
There's the image of the hoodie connected to the executioner. | И образ палача тоже связан с таким одеянием. | en-ru |
So there's the dark side of the hoodie. | Итак, это тёмная сторона этого свитера. | en-ru |
The modern incarnation of the hoodie -- a garment that's made usually of cotton jersey, that has a hood attached with a drawstring; sometimes it has a marsupial pocket -- was introduced in the 1930s by Knickerbocker Knitting Company. | A hoodie modern megtestesülése -- egy olyan pamutból készült pulóver, amire zsinóros kapucnit varrtak; néha erszényes zsebe is van. Ezt az 1930-as években mutatta be a Knickerbocker Knitting Company. | en-hu |
Now it's called Champion. | 이제는 '챔피언'이라고 불리는 회사입니다. | en-ko |
It was meant to keep athletes warm. | Miała ogrzewać sportowców. | en-pl |
Of course, though, it was such a functional, comfortable garment that it was very rapidly adopted by workmen everywhere. | Era uma peça de roupa tão funcional e confortável que foi adotada, muito rapidamente, por trabalhadores em toda parte. | en-pt-br |
And then, around the 1980s, it also gets adopted by hip-hop and B-boys, skateboarders, and it takes on this kind of youth street culture. | و دواتر، لە دەوروبەری ساڵانی ١٩٨٠ کان، دیسان بڵاو دەبێتەوە لەلایەن ھیپ ھۆپ، کوڕانی بی، یاریکەرانی خلیسکێنە، و بوو بە جۆرێک لە نەریتی سەرشەقام بۆ گەنجەکان | en-ku |
It was, at the same time, super-comfortable, perfect for the streets and also had that added value of anonymity when you needed it. | Mindemelett hihetetlenül kényelmes is, tökéletes az utcára, ráadásul anonimitást is adott, ha kellett. | en-hu |
And then we have Mark Zuckerberg, who defies convention of respectable attire for businesspeople. | 그리고 마크 저커버그가 있습니다. 사업가들이 입는 점잖은 복식의 관례를 거부하는 사람이죠. | en-ko |
But interestingly, it's also a way to show how power has changed. | Thú vị là, nó cũng là cách cho thấy quyền lực đã thay đổi. | en-vi |
If you're wearing a two-piece suit, you might be the bodyguard. | ツーピースのスーツを着ているのは ボディガードかもしれず | en-ja |
The real powerful person is wearing a hoodie with a T-shirt and jeans. | 실제 권력자는 후드에 티셔츠와 청바지를 입고 있는데 말입니다. | en-ko |
It's easy to think of the physical aspects of the hoodie. | إنه من سهل أن تفكر في الجوانب المادية للهودي. | en-ar |
You can immediately think of wearing the hood up, and you feel this warmth and this protection, but at the same time, you can also feel the psychological aspects of it. | Man denkt an die aufgesetzte Kapuze, und man fühlt sich warm und beschützt und gleichzeitig fühlt man die psychologischen Aspekte. | en-de |
I mean, think of donning a hoodie, all of a sudden, you feel more protected, you feel that you are in your own shell. | Cobalah mengenakan hoodie, tiba-tiba, akan terasa lebih terlindungi, akan terasa bagai berada dalam tempurung sendiri. | en-id |
We know very well what the hoodie has come to signify in the past few years in the United States. | نحن نعلم جيدا علي ماذا جاء الهودي ليدل في السنوات القليلة الماضية في الولايات المتحدة. | en-ar |
When Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old African-American kid, was shot by a neighborhood vigilante, and Million Hoodie Marches happened all over the United States, in which people wore hoodies with the hood up and marched in the streets against this kind of prejudice. | عندما "ترايفون مارتن"، ولد في ال17 من عمره أمريكي-أفريقي، تم إطلاق النار عليه من حي الجيران، حدثت ملايين المسيرات للهودي في كل الولايات المتجدة، حيث ارتدي الناس الهودي مع وضعه على رؤوسهم وساروا بالشوارع ضد هذا النوع من التعصب. | en-ar |
It doesn't happen that often for a garment to have so much symbolism and history and that encompasses so many different universes as the hoodie. | Bir giysinin bu kadar simgesel ve tarihsel olması yaygın bir şey değil ve sadece kapşon olarak da çok farklı dünyaları içinde barındırıyor. | en-tr |
So, like all garments, especially all truly utilitarian garments, it is very basic in its design. | Deci, ca toate articolele de îmbrăcăminte, în special ca cele cu adevărat utilitare, are un design elementar. | en-ro |
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