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Under Australia 's common law system , the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia have the authority to interpret constitutional provisions .	Under Australia 's common law system , the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia have the power to decide what the constitution actually means .
Finally , the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act was passed by the British Parliament in 1900 .	The British Parliament passed the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act in 1900 .
Even though the same person , Queen Elizabeth II , is the monarch of both countries , she acts in a distinct capacity as monarch of each .	Even though the same person , Queen Elizabeth II , is the monarch of both countries , these are now separate countries .
The most important is the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia , which is referred to as the `` Constitution '' in the remainder of this article .	The most important is the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia .
Section 74 provides for the circumstances in which an appeal can be made to the Queen in Council .	Section 74 explains how an appeal can be made to the Queen in Council .
As nearly as practicable , Section 24 requires the House to be composed of twice as many members as the Senate , each elected by a single electorate .	Section 24 says the House must have twice as many members as the Senate , each elected by a single electorate .
In addition to ending the British Parliament 's power to legislate over Australian states , the Australia Act also cut the last avenues of appeal from the Australian courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council .	It also stopped appeals from the Australian courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council .
Parliament can make laws as to the appropriations of money ( Section 53 ) .	Parliament can make laws as to the how its money is spent ( Section 53 ) .
Henry Parkes , the Premier of New South Wales , was instrumental in pushing for a series of conferences in the 1890s to discuss federalism - one in Melbourne in 1890 , and another ( the National Australasian Convention ) in Sydney in 1891 , attended by colonial leaders .	The first one was in Melbourne in 1890 , and another , the National Australasian Convention , in Sydney in 1891 .
The following are implied rights or freedoms : Attempts in High Court cases to find further implied rights or freedoms have not been successful .	Other attempts to find other `` implied rights '' in High Court cases have not been successful .
Section 123 requires that changing the boundaries of a State requires the consent of the Parliament of that State and approval by referendum in that State .	Section 123 says that changing the boundaries of a State needs the support of the Parliament of that State and must pass a referendum in that State .
Part II of this chapter deals with the Senate .	Part II of Chapter 1 is about the Senate .
Even though the Constitution was originally given legal force by an Act of the United Kingdom parliament , the Australia Act 1986 removed the power of the United Kingdom parliament to change the Constitution as in force in Australia , and the Constitution can now only be changed in accordance with the prescribed refere...	Even though the Constitution was an Act of the United Kingdom parliament , the Australia Acts took away the power of the United Kingdom parliament to change the Constitution .
After one failed attempt , an amended draft was submitted to the electors of each colony except Western Australia .	After one failed attempt , a changed draft was given to the electors of each colony except Western Australia .
The Constitution of Australia is the supreme law under which the Commonwealth Government of Australia operates , including its relationship to the States of Australia .	The Constitution of Australia is the laws that set up the Australian Commonwealth Government and the way it works .
As a result , the Australian Constitution has often been criticised for its scant protection of rights and freedoms .	As a result , the Australian Constitution has often been criticised for not protecting rights and freedoms .
Under the guidance of Sir Samuel Griffith , a draft constitution was drawn up .	With help from Sir Samuel Griffith , a draft constitution was written .
Part III deals with the House of Representatives .	Part III of Chapter 1 is about the House of Representatives .
Section 68 states that the Commander-in-Chief of Australia 's naval and military forces is the Governor-General as the Queen 's representative .	Section 68 says that the Command in chief of Australia 's naval and military forces as being : `` The command in chief of the naval and military forces of the Commonwealth is vested in the Governor General as the Queen 's representative '' .
Furthermore , the draft constitution sidestepped certain important issues , such as tariff policy .	The draft constitution also left out important , but difficult , issues , such as tariff policy .
Some delegates to the 1898 Constitutional Convention favored a section similar to the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution , but the majority felt that the traditional rights and freedoms of British subjects were sufficiently guaranteed by the Parliamentary system and independent judiciary which the Constit...	Some people at the 1898 Constitutional Convention wanted a Bill of Rights like the United States Constitution , but the majority felt that the traditional rights and freedoms of British subjects were enough .
In 1990 , the original copy of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 from the Public Records Office in London was lent to Australia , and the Australian government requested permission to keep the copy .	In 1990 , the Public Records Office in London loaned the original copy 1900 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act to Australia .
Before the Bill was passed , however , one final change was made by the imperial government , upon lobbying by the Chief Justices of the colonies , so that the right to appeal from the High Court to the Privy Council on constitutional matters concerning the limits of the powers of the Commonwealth or States could not b...	The Chief Justices of the colonies wanted the right to appeal decisions of the High Court to the Privy Council on constitutional matters .
On 6 November 1999 , Australians rejected a proposal to remove the Queen and replace the Governor-General with a President appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth Parliament .	The President was to be appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth Parliament .
This power has been held to be unconstrained by any other provision , such as Section 99 which forbids giving preference to one State or part thereof over another State or part thereof .	This power is not limited by any other part of the Constitution , such as Section 99 that forbids giving preference to one State or over another State .
Section 114 forbids any State from raising a military force , and also forbids the State or the Commonwealth from taxing each other 's property .	Section 114 stops any state from having its own military force .
Part V deals with the powers of the parliament .	Part V of Chapter 1 is about the powers of the parliament .
Chapter VI allows for the establishment or admission of new states .	Chapter VI allows new states to be made , or to join the Commonwealth .
To ensure popular support , the draft was presented to the electors of each colony .	To get popular support , the draft was voted on by the electors of each colony .
Chapter I sets up the legislative branch of government , the Parliament of Australia , which consists of three constituent parts : The Sovereign ( King or Queen ) , who is represented by the Governor-General of Australia ; the House of Representatives ; and the Senate .	Chapter I sets up the Parliament of Australia .
Section 109 provides that , where a State law is inconsistent with a federal law , the federal law prevails ( to the extent of the inconsistency ) .	Section 109 says that , where a State law is different to a federal law , the federal law is the legal law .
The draft of 1891 was submitted to colonial parliaments but lapsed in New South Wales , after which the other colonies were unwilling to proceed .	The draft of 1891 was given to colonial parliaments but was not supported by New South Wales .
However , these meetings lacked popular support .	These meetings did not have popular support .
By the 1880s , fear of the growing presence of the Germans and the French in the Pacific , coupled with a growing Australian identity , created the opportunity for establishing the first inter-colonial body , the Federal Council of Australasia , established in 1889 .	Along with a growing Australian identity , this created the opportunity to start the first inter-colonial body , the Federal Council of Australasia , in 1885 .
The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) became law on 9 July 1900 , and entered into force on 1 January 1901 .	The Constitution became law on 1 January 1901 .
This was altered by the Australia Act 1986 , which was passed in substantially the same form by the Commonwealth parliament and the British parliament , at the request of each state .	This was fixed by the Australia Act 1986 , which was passed by the parliaments of Australia , the United Kingdom , and each of the states .
Section 52 deals with powers exclusively vested in the Commonwealth parliament .	Section 52 deals with powers that belong only to the Commonwealth parliament .
Unlike most other powers of the parliament , laws made under the appropriations power are not ordinarily susceptible to effective legal challenge .	Unlike most other powers of the parliament , laws made under this power can not usually be challenged .
Au cœur du stade ( meaning At the Heart of the Stadium ) is a live album by Canadian singer Céline Dion , released on August 27 , 1999 .	Au cœur du stade ( English : At the Heart of the Stadium ) is a live album by Canadian singer Céline Dion .
Okinawa Island ( 沖縄本島 , Okinawa-hontō ?	Many animals make their home around the Okinawa islands .
The island of Okinawa was the site of most of the ground warfare in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II , when American Army and Marine Corps troops fought a long and bloody battle to capture Okinawa , so it could next be used as the major air force and troop base for the planned invasion of Japan .	Okinawa was the site of the last big battle of World War II , the Battle of Okinawa .
It tells the story of a lonely woman in 19th century Russia , who falls in love with one of her husband 's workers and is driven to murder .	The opera tells the story of a lonely woman in 19th century Russia , who falls in love with one of her husband 's servants and is driven to murder .
A drunken peasant breaks into the cellar , finds Zinovy 's body and goes to fetch the police .	A peasant finds Zinovy 's body in the cellar and goes to fetch the police .
The work incorporates elements of expressionism and verismo .	Some of the music is influenced by Expressionism and verismo .
After being condemned by an anonymous article ( sometimes attributed to Joseph Stalin ) in Pravda , the Communist Party newspaper , it was banned in the Soviet Union for almost thirty years .	After being condemned by Stalin it was banned in the Soviet Union for almost thirty years .
It was first performed on 24 January 1934 at the Leningrad Maly Operny .	It was first performed on 22 January 1934 at the Leningrad Maly Theatre .
Katerina and Sergei prepare to get married , but she is tormented by the fact that Zinovy 's corpse is hidden in the wine cellar .	Katerina and Sergei kill Zinovy and hide his body in the cellar .
Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District ( Russian : Леди Макбет Мценского уезда , Ledi Makbet Mtsenskogo Uyezda ) is an opera in four acts by Dmitri Shostakovich , his Op .29 .	Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District ( Russian : Леди Макбет Мценского уезда ) is an opera by the Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich .
Scene 5 : Katerina 's room Katerina and Sergei are together .	Katerina and Sergei get married .
He held the official FIDE world title until 1993 , when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organization , the Professional Chess Association .	He held the official FIDE world title until 1993 , when an argument with FIDE led him to set up a rival company , the Professional Chess Association .
Kasparov became the youngest ever undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at age 22 by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov .	Kasparov became the youngest undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at the age of 22 .
Executive monarchies : Bhutan , Bahrain , Jordan , Kuwait , Liechtenstein , Monaco , Morocco , Tonga , Swaziland and the United Arab Emirates .	Contemporary constitutional monarchies include the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms , Belgium , Bhutan , Bahrain , Cambodia , Denmark , Japan , Jordan , Kuwait , Liechtenstein , Lesotho , Luxembourg , Malaysia , Monaco , Morocco , the Netherlands , Norway , Spain , Swaziland , Sweden , and Thailand .
There are currently 44 monarchies , and most of them are constitutional monarchies .	Constitutional monarchy is a form of government .
Human anatomy , physiology and biochemistry are complementary basic medical sciences , which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school .	Human anatomy , physiology and biochemistry are similar basic medical sciences .
Anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of living things including their systems , organs , and tissues .	Anatomy is the study of the bodies of living beings .
It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce , unless the employer can claim an exemption from coverage .	The statute applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by a business engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce , unless the employer can claim an exemption from these requirements .
In 1938 a revised version of Black 's proposal was passed that adopted an eight-hour day and a forty-hour workweek and allowed workers to earn wage for an extra four hours of overtime as well .	In 1938 a revised version of Black 's proposal was passed that adopted an eight-hour day and a forty-hour workweek .
Children under eighteen can not do certain dangerous jobs , and children under the age of sixteen can not work during school hours .	Children under eighteen can not do certain dangerous jobs .
The FLSA was originally drafted in 1932 by Senator Hugo Black , who was later appointed to the Supreme Court in 1937 .	The FLSA was originally written in 1932 by Senator Hugo Black .
There were 700,000 workers affected by the FLSA , and Roosevelt called it the most important piece of New Deal legislation passed since the Social Security Act of 1935 .	There were 700,000 workers affected by the FLSA .
Some sites could not be moved because of their location , size , or design .	But some historic sites can not be moved because of their location , size , or design .
One is that sedimentation projections are not agreed upon , and the other is that the dam sits on a seismic fault .	It is also possible that the dam sits on a seismic fault .
The 14 north side main generators are in operation .	Of the 32 main generators , 14 generators are on the north side of the dam .
The ship lift is designed to be capable of lifting ships of up to 3,000 tons .	There is also a `` ship lift '' ( an elevator for ships ) that can lift ships that weigh up to 3,000 tons .
The first ( No. 2 ) started on July 10 , 2003 .	The first one to begin making electricity ( Generator No. 2 ) started on July 10 , 2003 .
Construction started on December 14 , 1994 .	However , the dam was accepted by the government , and on December 14 , 1994 , construction began .
Among those 32 main generators , 14 are installed in the north side of the dam , 12 in the south side , and the remaining six in the underground power plant in the mountain south of the dam .	12 are on the south side of the dam .
The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping , located in Yiling District , Yichang , Hubei province , China .	The Three Gorges Dam ( Chinese : 长江三峡大坝 ) is a dam in the Three Gorges region on the Yangtze River in Sandouping , in the country of China .
In chemistry , chirality usually refers to molecules .	In chemistry , chirality refers to molecules .
The symmetry of a molecule ( or any other object ) determines whether it is chiral .	The symmetry of a molecule ( or any other object ) tells us whether it is chiral .
Two mirror images of a chiral molecule are called enantiomers or optical isomers .	Chemists call these enantiomers or optical isomers .
Human hands are perhaps the most universally recognized example of chirality : the left hand is a non-superposable mirror image of the right hand ; no matter how the two hands are oriented , it is impossible for all the major features of both hands to coincide .	The left hand is a mirror image of the right hand .
Other regions of the world have cold deserts , including areas of the Himalayas and other high altitude areas in other parts of the world .	Other regions of the world have cold deserts too , for instance high altitude areas like the Himalayas .
One of the driest places on Earth is the Atacama Desert .	The driest hot desert in the world is the Atacama Desert in South America .
Antarctica is the world 's largest cold desert ( composed of about 98 % thick continental ice sheet and 2 % barren rock ) .	Antarctica is the world 's largest cold desert .
Jerboas , desert rats , kangaroo rats and other small rodents emerge from their burrows at night and so do the foxes , coyotes , jackals and snakes that prey on them .	Examples of animals that live in hot deserts are lizards , small rodents , snakes , and camels .
The most common types of couches are the loveseat , designed for seating two persons , and the sofa , with two or more cushion seats .	The most common types of couches that are easy to see in any house are the `` love seats '' or the `` sofa '' .
In homes , couches are normally found in the family room , living room , den , sitting room or the lounge .	Couches are normally found in the livingroom or in front of the TV .
His first film was The Suspect in 1916 .	Frank 's first movie was The Suspect in 1916 .
Frank Morgan ( born Frank Phillip Wuppermann ; June 1 , 1890 - September 18 , 1949 ) was an American actor .	Frank Morgan ( June 1 , 1890 - September 18 , 1949 ) was an American actor .
He has 2 stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for motion pictures at 1708 Vine Street and for radio at 6700 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood , California .	He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1708 Vine Street .
Morgan married Alma Muller ( 1895-1970 ) in 1914 ; they had one son .	Morgan was married and had one son .
Morgan died of a heart attack on September 18 , 1949 , while filming Annie Get Your Gun ( replaced by Louis Calhern ) .	He died of a heart attack on September 18 , 1949 .
Louis XII ( 27 June 1462 - 1 January 1515 ) was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504 .	Louis XII of France ( June 27 , 1462 - January 1 , 1515 ) was the son of Charles , Duke of Orleans and Mary of Cleves .
Sportverein Grödig is an Austrian association football club from Grödig .	SV Grödig is an Austrian football club from Grödig near Salzburg , Austria .
The team currently competes in the Austrian Bundesliga , the highest league in Austrian football .	The team plays in the Austrian First League , the second highest league in Austrian football .
Many processes designed to preserve food will involve a number of food preservation methods .	Food preservation is the name for a number of processes that help to preserve food .
Its symbol , the red rose , is from the House of Lancaster .	The city 's symbol , the red rose , is from the House of Lancaster .
The first paved road in the United States was the former Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike , which makes up part of the present-day U.S. Route 30 .	The first paved road in the United States was the former Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike ( which makes up part of the present-day U.S. Route 30 ) .
The city is located about 34 miles ( 55 km ) southeast of Harrisburg , 70 miles ( 110 km ) west of Philadelphia , 55 miles ( 89 km ) north-northeast of Baltimore and 87 miles ( 140 km ) northeast of Washington , D.C. .	The city is located about 34 miles ( 55 km ) southeast of Harrisburg , 70 miles ( 110 km ) west of Philadelphia , 55 miles ( 89 km ) north-northeast of Baltimore and 87 miles ( 140 km ) north of Washington , D.C. .
Lancaster was capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812 , after which the capital was moved to Harrisburg .	Lancaster was capital of Pennsylvania again from 1799 to 1812 , after which the capital was moved to Harrisburg .
In 1851 , the current Lancaster County Prison was built in the city , styled after Lancaster Castle in England .	In 1737 , the Lancaster County Prison was built in the city , styled after Lancaster Castle in England .
The Fulton Opera House in the city was named for Lancaster native Robert Fulton , a renaissance man who created the first fully functional steamboat .	The Fulton Opera House in the city was named for Lancaster native Robert Fulton , who had designed the modern steamboat .
After meeting one day , they moved still farther away , to York , Pennsylvania .	After the Continental Congress met one day , they moved still farther away , to York , Pennsylvania .
Lancaster is located at 40 ° 02 ' 23 '' North , 76 ° 18 ' 16 '' West ( 40.039860 , − 76.304366 ) , and is 368 feet ( 112 m ) above sea level .	Lancaster is located at 40 ° 02 ' 23 '' North , 76 ° 18 ' 16 '' West ( 40.039860 , -76.304366 ) , and is 368 feet ( 112 m ) above sea level .
Lancaster residents are known to use the word `` macadam '' in lieu of pavement or asphalt .	Lancaster residents are known to use the word , `` macadam '' , instead of `` pavement '' or `` asphalt '' .
With a population of 59,322 , it ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania 's cities .	It has a population of 59,322 .
Originally called Hickory Town , the city was renamed after the English town of Lancaster by native John Wright .	Its first leader , John Wright , renamed the city after his home English city of Lancaster .
Opened in 1795 , the Turnpike connected the cities of Lancaster and Philadelphia , and was designed by a Scottish engineer named John Loudon McAdam .	The Turnpike connected the cities of Lancaster and Philadelphia , and was designed by a Scottish engineer named John Loudon MacAdam .
During the American Revolution , it was briefly the capital of the colonies on September 27 , 1777 , when the Continental Congress fled Philadelphia , which had been captured by the British .	When the British captured Philadelphia in the American Revolution , Lancaster became the capital of the colonies on September 27 , 1777 .

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