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The last Prince-Archbishop exercising secular authority was Count Hieronymus von Colloredo , an early patron of Salzburg native Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart .
He was Hieronymus von Colloredo , who was an early patron of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart .
Gebhard thus suffered a nine-year exile , and was allowed to return shortly before his death and was buried in Admont .
Because of this , Gebhard was exiled for nine years , but was allowed to return shortly before his death and was buried in Admont .
The Archbishopric of Salzburg was a Prince-Bishopric and state of the Holy Roman Empire for many centuries .
The Archbishopric of Salzburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire Archbishop of Salzburg as a Prince-Bishop .
The Archbishops again took the side of the Pope during the strife between them and the Hohenstaufens .
The Archbishops again took the side of the Pope during the arguments between the Pope and the Hohenstaufens .
In either case , it was not until after 700 that Christian civilisation re-emerged in the region .
It was not until after 700 that Christian civilisation started to grow again in the region .
When the dispute over the ecclesiastical border between Salzburg and the Patriarchate of Aquileia broke out , Charlemagne declared the Drava to be the border .
When the dispute over the church 's border between Salzburg and Aquileia broke out , Charlemagne declared the River Drave to be the border .
Béatrice Martin ( born September 22 , 1989 ) , better known by her stage name Cœur de pirate ( French : pirate heart ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter .
Béatrice Martin ( born 22 September 1989 ) , better known by her stage name Cœur de pirate , is a Canadian singer and a pianist .
Her second album , Blonde , was released on November 7 , 2011 in both digital and hard copy versions .
Her second album was released in November 2011 .
The Victoires de la Musique is an annual French award ceremony .
The Victoires de la Musique ( Music 's Victories ) is an annual French award ceremony .
The term megacaldera is sometimes used for caldera supervolcanoes , such as the Blake River Megacaldera Complex in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Ontario and Quebec , Canada .
The term megacaldera is sometimes used for calderas which are quite similar to supervolcanoes , such as the Blake River Megacaldera Complex in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Ontario and Quebec , Canada .
This is thousands of times larger than normal volcanic eruptions .
This is thousands of times bigger than most volcanic eruptions which happened a long time .
Since 2000 , however , the term has been used by professionals when presenting to the public .
Since 2003 , however , the term has been used by professionals when showing things to the public .
Although there are only a handful of Quaternary supervolcanoes , supervolcanic eruptions typically cover huge areas with lava and volcanic ash and cause a long-lasting change to weather ( such as the triggering of a small ice age ) sufficient to threaten species with extinction .
Although there are not many Quaternary supervolcanoes , supervolcanic eruptions usually cover very big areas with lava and volcanic ash .
Supervolcanoes can occur either when magma in the mantle rises into the crust from a hotspot but is unable to break through the crust , thus pressure builds in a large and growing magma pool until the crust is unable to contain the pressure ( this is the case for the Yellowstone Caldera ) , but they can also form at co...
Supervolcanoes can occur when magma in the Earth rises into the crust from a hotspot , but can not break through the crust .
A supervolcano is any volcano capable of producing a volcanic eruption with an ejecta volume greater than 1,000 km3 ( 240 cu mi ) .
A supervolcano is a volcano that can make a volcanic eruption where the things being thrown out of the volcano have a volume bigger than 1,000 km3 ( 240 cu mi ) .
Volcanologists and geologists do not refer to `` supervolcanoes '' in their scientific work , since this is a blanket term that can be applied to a number of different geological conditions .
Volcanologists and geologists do not say `` supervolcanoes '' in their scientific work .
It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert , the southern and eastern fringes of the Arabian Peninsula , the island of Madagascar , southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan , and the islands of the western Indian Ocean .
The zone includes Africa south of the Sahara , the southern and eastern parts of the Arabian Peninsula , the island of Madagascar , southern Iran , extreme southwestern Pakistan , and the islands of the western Indian Ocean .
It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region .
The zone was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone .
The largest tropical forest zone in Africa are the Congolian forests of the Congo Basin in Central Africa .
The largest tropical forest zone in Africa are the forests of the Congo Basin in Central Africa .
South of the Sahara , two belts of tropical grassland and savanna run east and west across the continent , from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands .
South of the Sahara , two belts of tropical and subtropical grasslands , savannas and shrublands run east and west across the continent , from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands .
South Arabia , expressed as being mostly Yemen and parts of western Oman and southwestern Saudi Arabia , has few permanent forests .
South Arabia , mostly Yemen and parts of western Oman and southwest Saudi Arabia , has few permanent forests .
The Sudanian Savanna is home to two great flooded grasslands , the Sudd wetland in South Sudan , and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali .
The Sudanian savanna is home to two great flooded grasslands and savannas , the Sudd wetland in the Sudan , and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali .
Most of the Afrotropic , with the exception of Africa 's southern tip , has a tropical climate .
Most of the Afrotropic , has a tropical climate .
The forest zone , a belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests , runs across most of equatorial Africa 's intertropical convergence zone .
A belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests , runs across most of equatorial Africa .
Rainfall increases further south in the Sudanian Savanna , also known simply as the Sudan , a belt of taller grasslands and savannas .
Rainfall increases further south in the Sudan , a belt of taller grasslands and savannas .
A broad belt of deserts , including the Atlantic and Sahara deserts of northern Africa and the Arabian Desert of the Arabian Peninsula , separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone , which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia .
A broad belt of deserts separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone , which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia .
Other woodlands scatter the land and are very small and are predominately juniper or acacia forests .
Otherwise woodlands scatter the land and are very small Juniper or Acacia forests .
Madagascar contains several important biospheres , as its Biodiversity and ratio of endemicism is extremely high .
Madagascar contains several important biospheres : its biodiversity and numbers of unique species is high .
In the Oxy-Cope rearrangement , a hydroxyl group is added at C3 forming an enal or enone after Keto-enol tautomerism of the intermediate enol :
The Oxy-Cope rearrangement a hydroxyl group is added at C3 forming an enal or enone after Keto-enol tautomerism of the intermediate enol :
The name sigmatropic is the result of a compounding of the long-established sigma designation from single carbon-carbon bonds and the Greek word tropos , meaning turn .
The name sigmatropic is the result of a compounding of the long-established `` sigma '' name for single carbon-carbon bonds and the Greek word tropos , meaning turn .
Main article : Claisen rearrangement Discovered in 1912 by Rainer Ludwig Claisen , the Claisen rearrangement is the first recorded example of a ( 3,3 ) - sigmatropic rearrangement .
Discovered in 1912 by Rainer Ludwig Claisen , the Claisen rearrangement is the first recorded example of a ( 3,3 ) - sigmatropic rearrangement .
For example , the following hydrogen atom migration is of order ( 1,5 ) , attained by counting counterclockwise through the π system , rather than the ( 1,3 ) order designation through the ring CH2 group that would mistakenly result if counted clockwise .
For example , the following hydrogen atom migration is of order ( 1,5 ) , attained by counting counterclockwise through the π system , rather than the ( 1,3 ) order through the ring CH2 group that would mistakenly result if counted clockwise .
Photochemical ( 1,3 ) shifts should proceed through suprafacial shifts ; however , most are non-concerted because they proceed through a triplet state ( i.e. , have a diradical mechanism , to which the Woodward-Hoffmann rules do not apply ) .
Photochemical ( 1,3 ) shifts should be suprafacial shifts ; however , most are non-concerted because they proceed through a triplet state ( that is , they have a diradical mechanism , to which the Woodward-Hoffmann rules do not apply ) .
In this type of rearrangement reaction , a substituent moves from one part of a π-bonded system to another part in an intramolecular reaction with simultaneous rearrangement of the π system .
In a sigmatropic reaction , a substituent moves from one part of a π-bonded system to another part in an intramolecular reaction with simultaneous rearrangement of the π system .
In cases of stereochemical retention , the migrating group translates without rotation into the bonding position , while in the case of stereochemical inversion the migrating group both rotates and translates to reach its bonded conformation .
In the case of stereochemical inversion the migrating group both rotates and translates to reach its bonded conformation .
The numbers that correspond to the atoms forming the new bond are then separated by a comma and placed within brackets to create the sigmatropic reaction order descriptor .
The numbers that correspond to the atoms forming the new bond are then separated by a comma and placed within brackets .
These reactions are still not common in open chain systems because of the highly ordered nature of the transition state , which is more readily achieved in cyclic molecules .
These reactions are still not common in open chain systems because of the highly ordered nature of the transition state .
An odd number is an indication of the involvement of a charged C atom or of a heteroatom lone pair replacing a CC double bond .
An odd number suggests that there is a charged C atom or of a heteroatom lone pair replacing a carbon-carbon double bond .
Here the geometry of the transition state is prohibitive , but an alkyl group , due to the nature of its orbitals , can invert its geometry , form a new bond with the back lobe of its sp3 orbital , and therefore proceed via a suprafacial shift .
But an alkyl group , due to the nature of its orbitals , can invert its geometry and form a new bond with the back lobe of its sp3 orbital .
If the migrating group remains on the same face of the π system , the shift is known as suprafacial , while if the migrating group transfers to the opposite face is called an antarafacial shift , which are impossible for transformations that occur within small - or medium-sized rings .
If the migrating group remains on the same face of the π system , the shift is known as suprafacial . If the migrating group transfers to the opposite face is called an antarafacial shift .
In principle , all sigmatropic shifts can occur with either a retention or inversion of the geometry of the migrating group , depending upon whether the original bonding lobe of the migrating atom or its other lobe is used to form the new bond .
This depends on whether the original bonding lobe of the migrating atom or its other lobe is used to form the new bond .
Although such a shift is symmetry allowed , the Mobius topology required in the transition state prohibits such a shift because it is geometrically impossible , which accounts for the fact that enols do not isomerize without an acid or base catalyst .
Although such a shift is symmetry allowed , the Mobius topology required in the transition state prohibits such a shift .
Sigmatropic rearrangements are concisely described by an order term ( i , j ) , which is defined as the migration of a σ-bond adjacent to one or more π systems to a new position ( i − 1 ) and ( j − 1 ) atoms removed from the original location of the σ-bond .
Sigmatropic rearrangements are described by an order term ( i , j ) .
A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular process .
A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction .
A convenient means of determining the order of a given sigmatropic rearrangement is to number the atoms of the bond being broken as atom 1 , and then count the atoms in each direction from the broken bond to the atoms that form the new σ-bond in the product , numbering consecutively .
Chemists count the atoms in each direction from the broken bond to the atoms that form the new σ-bond in the product .
However , another stereochemical transition effect equally capable of producing inversion or retention products is whether the migrating group remains on the original face of the π system after rebonding or instead transfers to the opposite face of the π system .
The migrating group can stay on the original face of the π system after rebonding .
When determining the order of a sigmatropic shift involving a hydrogen atom migration it is critical to count across all atoms involved in the reaction rather than only across the closest atoms .
So , chemists count across all atoms involved in the reaction rather than only across the closest atoms .
In the case of hydrogen atom migrations , a similar technique may be applied .
The carbon chain does not break in a hydrogen atom migration .
The 1986 Formula One season was the 37th season of FIA Formula One motor racing .
The 1986 Formula One season was the 37th of the championship .
Through these advices , the senate directed the magistrates , especially the Roman consuls ( the chief magistrates ) in their prosecution of military conflicts .
Through such advice , the Senate directed the magistrates , especially the Roman Consuls ( the chief magistrates ) in their handling of military conflicts .
The Roman Senate was a political institution in ancient Rome .
The Roman Senate was the longest-lasting institution in Ancient Rome .
As the Roman Republic grew , the senate also supervised the administration of the provinces , which were governed by former consuls and praetors , in that it decided which magistrate should govern which province .
As the Roman Empire grew , the Senate also supervised the administration of the provinces , which were governed by former consuls and praetors .
This was especially the case with regards to its management of state finances , as only it could authorize the disbursal of public funds from the treasury .
Only the Senate could authorize the disbursal of public funds from the treasury .
It survived the overthrow of the kings in 509 BC , the fall of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC , the split of the Roman Empire in 395 AD , the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD , and barbarian rule of Rome in the 5th , 6th , and 7th centuries .
It survived the kings , the Roman Republic ( 509 BC-27 BC ) , the Roman Empire ( 27 BC-395 AD and the fall of the Western Roman Empire ( 395-476 AD ) .
The word senate derives from the Latin word senex , which means `` old man '' ; the word thus means `` assembly of elders '' .
The word `` senate '' came from ` senex ' meaning `` old man '' .
It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history , being founded in the first days of the city ( traditionally founded in 753 BC ) .
It began in the first years of the city , which was supposedly founded in 753 BC .
While these decrees did not hold legal force , they usually were obeyed in practice .
They usually were obeyed in practice .
The Trojans football team has won 11 national championships .
The football team has won several national championships and 23 Rose Bowls , a game played between two of the top football teams in the country .
USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) as a member of the Pacific-12 Conference .
USC has 19 sports teams that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I-A Pacific-10 Conference .
Though generally limited to football , USC has a major rivalry with Notre Dame .
In sports , USC has a strong rivalry with UCLA , the other big school in Los Angeles , in all sports and a strong rivalry with Notre Dame in football .
The University of Southern California ( known as USC or SC ) is a private , not-for-profit , nonsectarian , research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles , California .
The University of Southern California ( also called USC , SC , and Southern California ) is a private , research university in the Exposition Park neighborhood in Los Angeles , California , USA .
Such courts are called `` Chapter III Courts '' are the only courts that can exercise federal judicial power .
Such courts are called `` Chapter III Courts '' are the only courts that can use federal judicial power .
In 1999 , a proposed preamble , principally authored by John Howard , the then Prime Minister , was defeated in a referendum held concurrently with the Republic referendum .
In 1999 , a proposed preamble , written by John Howard , the then Prime Minister , was defeated in a referendum held concurrently with the Republic referendum .
Section 79 allows Parliament to prescribe the number of judges able to exercise federal jurisdiction and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against the Commonwealth .
Section 79 allows Parliament to limit the number of judges able to exercise federal jurisdiction and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against the Commonwealth .
This is the so-called ` Nexus ' , which is designed to prevent swamping of the senate 's power in the case of a joint sitting ( see Section 57 below ) .
It designed to prevent swamping of the senate 's power in the case of a joint sitting ( see Section 57 below ) .
These powers , along with the powers to dissolve ( or refuse to dissolve ) parliament ( Section 5 , Section 57 ) , are termed `` reserve powers '' , and their use is dictated by convention .
These powers , along with the powers to dissolve ( or refuse to dissolve ) parliament ( Section 5 , Section 57 ) , are termed `` reserve powers '' .
While a pro forma preamble prefaces the Imperial Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 , the Australian Constitution itself does not contain a preamble .
While a pro forma preamble prefaces the Imperial Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 , the Australian Constitution itself does not have a preamble .
However , in contrast with the constitutions of other Commonwealth Realms such as Canada which formally grant extensive reserve powers to the Monarch , even the formal powers of the Queen of Australia are extremely limited , and most powers are only exercisable by the Governor-General .
However , in contrast with the constitutions of other Commonwealth Realms such as Canada which formally grant extensive reserve powers to the Monarch , even the formal powers of the Queen of Australia are extremely limited , and most powers can only be used by the Governor-General .
Section 96 gives the Commonwealth power to make grants to States `` on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit '' .
Section 96 gives the Commonwealth power to give money to States `` on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit '' .
In 1895 , the six premiers of the Australian colonies agreed to establish a new Convention by popular vote .
In 1895 , the six premiers of the Australian colonies agreed to set up a new Convention by popular vote .
The Statute of Westminster freed the Dominions , including the Commonwealth , from Imperial restrictions .
The Statute of Westminster freed the Dominions , including the Commonwealth , from Imperial laws and controls .
This was resolved by the Statute of Westminster 1931 , adopted by the Commonwealth via the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 .
This was fixed by the Statute of Westminster 1931 , adopted by the Commonwealth via the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 .
Section 81 prescribes that all Commonwealth revenue shall form the Consolidated Revenue Fund .
Section 81 says that all Commonwealth revenue shall form the Consolidated Revenue Fund .
There has been only one instance of the Governor-General acting outside the advice of the Prime Minister of the day , when Governor-General Sir John Kerr , acting on his own authority , dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis .
Governor-General Sir John Kerr , acting on his own , dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis .
Chapter VII provides that the seat of government of the Commonwealth ( now Canberra ) shall be located within New South Wales but no less than one hundred miles from Sydney , and that the Governor-General may appoint deputies .
Chapter VII says that the seat of government of the Commonwealth ( now Canberra ) shall be in New South Wales but no less than one hundred miles from Sydney , and that the Governor-General may appoint deputies .
There have been some calls for the insertion of such a section to express the spirit and aspirations embodied in the constitution .
There have been some calls to add one to express the spirit and aspirations embodied in the constitution .
Although Federation is often regarded as the moment of `` independence '' of Australia from Britain , legally the Commonwealth was a creation of the British Imperial Parliament , through the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) , which applied to Australia by paramount force .
Although Federation made Australia independent of Britain , legally the Commonwealth was a creation of the British Imperial Parliament , through the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) , which applied to Australia .
This power , although evidently envisaged as a temporary measure ( `` during a period of ten years ... and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides '' ) , has been used by the Commonwealth to encourage cooperation by the States to various extents over the years .
This power , which was only meant to be used ( `` during a period of ten years ... and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides '' ) , has been used by the Commonwealth to encourage cooperation by the States to various extents over the years .
These are the Statute of Westminster , as adopted by the Commonwealth in the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 , and the Australia Act 1986 , which was passed in equivalent forms by the Parliaments of every Australian state , the United Kingdom , and the Australian Federal Parliament .
The second is the Australia Act 1986 , which was passed by the Parliaments of every Australian state , the United Kingdom , and the Australian Federal Parliament .
Western Australia finally agreed to join the Commonwealth in time for it to be an original member of the Commonwealth of Australia , which was officially established on 1 January 1901 .
Western Australia finally agreed to join the Commonwealth in time for it to join the Commonwealth of Australia , which officially began on 1 January 1901 .
After the constitutional amendment bill has passed both the parliamentary stage and the referendum , it then receives Royal Assent .
After the constitutional amendment bill has passed both the parliament and the referendum , it then receives Royal Assent from the Governor-General .
See also Australian constitutional law - Protection of rights The Australian Constitution does not include a Bill of Rights .
The Australian Constitution does not include a Bill of Rights .
Under this Chapter , the Governor-General is the commander in chief , and may appoint and dismiss the members of the Executive Council , ministers of state , and all officers of the executive government .
He or she may appoint and dismiss the members of the Executive Council , ministers of state , and all officers of the executive government .
The Constitution was approved in a series of referendums held over 1898-1900 by the people of the Australian colonies , and the approved draft was enacted as a section of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) , an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom .
The Constitution was then passed as a part of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) , an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom .
Section 127 previously provided that Aborigines can not be counted in any Commonwealth or State census ; this section was repealed in 1967 .
Section 127 first said that Aborigines can not be counted in any Commonwealth or State census .
Section 122 allows the Parliament to provide for the representation in Parliament of any territory surrendered by the States , or placed by the Queen in the authority of the Commonwealth .
Section 122 allows the Parliament to provide for the representation in Parliament of any new territory .
The number of electorates in a State is to be ( roughly ) proportional to its share of the national population .
The number of electorates in a State is to be based on its share of the national population .
Successful amendment requires : The referendum bill must be put to the people by the Governor-General between two and six months after passing parliament .
A successful change needs : The Governor-General must put the referendum bill to the people between two and six months after passing parliament .
As a symbol of the significance of this legislation , Queen Elizabeth II traveled to Australia to personally sign the proclamation of the law .
As this was a very important document , Queen Elizabeth II traveled to Australia to sign the proclamation of the law .
Legally , this is often regarded as the moment of Australia 's national independence .
Legally , this is the moment of Australia 's national independence .
Section 128 provides that constitutional amendments must be approved by a referendum .
Section 128 says that changes must be approved by a referendum .
Section 101 sets up an Inter-State Commission , a body which is now defunct , but which was originally envisaged to have a significant role in the federal structure .
Section 101 sets up an Inter-State Commission , a body which is no longer exists , but which was meant to have a significant role in the federal structure .
The meetings produced a new draft which contained substantially the same principles of government as the 1891 draft , but with added provisions for responsible government .
The meetings produced a new Constitution that was the same as the 1891 draft , but with added provisions for responsible government .
The Federal Council could legislate on certain subjects , but did not have a permanent secretariat , an executive , or independent source of revenue .
This Federal Council could make laws on certain subjects , but did not have a permanent office , an executive , or its own source of income .
Section 71 vests judicial power in a `` Federal Supreme Court '' to be called the High Court of Australia , and such other federal courts as Parliament creates , and in such other courts as Parliament invests with federal jurisdiction .
Section 71 gives judicial power in a `` Federal Supreme Court '' to be called the High Court of Australia .
The history of the Constitution of Australia began with moves towards federation in the 19th century , which culminated in the federation of the Australian colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 .
The history of the Constitution of Australia began with moves towards federation in the 19th century .
Section 111 provides that a State can surrender any part of the State to the Commonwealth .
Section 111 says that a State can give up any part of its lands to the Commonwealth .
Section 116 establishes what is often called `` freedom of religion '' , by forbidding the Commonwealth from making any law for the establishment of a religion , imposing any religious observance , or prohibiting the exercise of a religion , or religious discrimination for public office .
Section 116 sets out `` freedom of religion '' , by stopping the Commonwealth from making any law to start a religion , imposing any religious observance , or stop a religion , or religious discrimination for public office .
When proclaimed , it will be in effect , and the wording of the Constitution will be changed .
This makes it the new law and the wording of the Constitution will be changed .
Of the thirty-nine elements of section 51 , a few have become critical in determining the scope of Commonwealth government action , including the Trade and Commerce Power , the Corporations Power and the External Affairs Power .
These include the Trade and Commerce Power , the Corporations Power and the External Affairs Power .