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However , the formation of Tropical Storm Arthur caused the season to start two days early .	Tropical Storm Arthur formed two days early on May 30 , 2008 .
Given Arthur 's very short lifespan , Jeff Masters questions whether it would have been reported and named in the years prior to today 's technology .	Some forecasters question whether Arthur 's very short lifespan would have been reported and named in the years prior to today 's technology .
Gustav is responsible for 153 deaths and at least $ 6.6 billion in damage .	Gustav was responsible for 138 deaths and up to $ 18 billion in damage .
The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season was a very active hurricane season with sixteen named storms formed , including eight that became hurricanes and five that became major hurricanes .	The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season is when many of the tropical cyclones formed in the Atlantic Ocean in 2008 .
At least 195 fatalities have been blamed on Ike , of which 112 were in the United States .	At least 166 deaths have been blamed on Ike , of which 82 were in the United States .
Paloma caused up to $ 300 million ( 2008 USD ) in damage to Cuba , and $ 15 million in damage to the Cayman Islands .	Paloma caused up to $ 315 million ( 2008 USD ) in damage in the area Paloma affected .
After intensification slowed for a few hours , another round of rapid intensification occurred and Gustav was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane during a hurricane hunter flight around 1 p.m. EDT ( 1700 UTC ) , with 145 mph ( 215 km\/h ) winds .	After strengthening slowed for a few hours , another round of quick strengthening happened and Gustav was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane during a hurricane hunter flight around 1pm ( EDT ) , with 145 mph winds .
Bertha became the longest lived July tropical cyclone on record for the basin , the first of several long-lived systems during 2008 .	Bertha has become the longest-lived pre-August Atlantic tropical cyclone on record .
On a scale that ranges from 1 to 6 , with 6 being highest destructive potential , Ike registered 5.6 .	On a scale that ranges from 1 to 6 , with 6 being highest destructive potential , Ike earned a 5.2 .
Ike killed 7 people in Cuba , having traversed nearly the entirety of the island nation .	Ike killed 7 people as it effected nearly the whole county of Cuba .
It then emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 30 , weakening into a Category 3 hurricane with 115 mph ( 185 km\/h ) winds .	It then emerged into the Gulf of Mexico weakening into a minimal 115 mph .
He had to interrupt his experiments because of World War I , and in 1921 he wrote four papers about his work carried out in Bucharest and his tests on a diabetic dog .	He had to interrupt his experiments because the World War I . In 1921 he wrote four papers about his work carried out in Bucharest and his tests on a diabetic dog .
In 1916 Nicolae Paulescu , a Romanian professor of physiology at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest , developed an aqueous pancreatic extract which , when injected into a diabetic dog , had a normalizing effect on blood-sugar levels .	Nicolae Paulescu , a Romanian professor of physiology at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest , was the first to isolate insulin , in 1916 , which he called at that time , pancrein , by developing an aqueous pancreatic extract which , when injected into a diabetic dog , proved to have a normalizing effe...
The human insulin protein is composed of 51 amino acids , and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da .	Human insulin is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da .
As a central metabolic control mechanism , its status is also used as a control signal to other body systems ( such as amino acid uptake by body cells ) .	Insulin is also used as a control signal to other body systems ( such as amino acid uptake by body cells ) .
When blood glucose levels fall below a certain level , the body begins to use stored sugar as an energy source through glycogenolysis , which breaks down the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles into glucose , which can then be utilized as an energy source .	When blood glucose levels fall below a certain level , the human body begins to use stored sugar as an energy source through glycogenolysis .
They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for the discovery of insulin .	Banting won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , along with John Macleod , for the discovery of insulin .
Insulin 's name is derived from the Latin insula for `` island '' .	The name comes from the Latin insula for `` island '' .
Later that year , he published `` Research on the Role of the Pancreas in Food Assimilation '' .	Later that year , he detailed his work by publishing an extensive whitepaper on the effect of the pancreatic extract injected into a diabetic animal , which he called : `` Research on the Role of the Pancreas in Food Assimilation '' .
One million to three million islets of Langerhans ( pancreatic islets ) form the endocrine part of the pancreas , which is primarily an exocrine gland .	The islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produces insulin .
The actions of insulin on the global human metabolism level include : The actions of insulin ( indirect and direct ) on cells include : Insulin also influences other body functions , such as vascular compliance and cognition .	Insulin affects vascular compliance and cognition .
Insulin from animal sources differs somewhat in `` strength '' ( in carbohydrate metabolism control effects ) from that in humans because of those variations .	Insulin from different animal sources has different effects on the human carbohydrate metabolism process .
The Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ ) is a British intelligence agency responsible for providing signals intelligence ( SIGINT ) and information assurance to the British government and armed forces .	The Government Communications Headquarters ( GCHQ ) is a British intelligence agency .
GCHQ was originally established after the First World War as the Government Code and Cypher School ( GC&CS ) and was known under that name until 1946 .	GCHQ was started after the First World War as the Government Code and Cypher School ( GCCS or GC&CS ) , by which name it was known until 1946 .
Michael Kirk Douglas ( born September 25 , 1944 ) is an American actor and producer , primarily in movies and television .	Michael Kirk Douglas ( born September 25 , 1944 ) is an American actor and producer and activist .
He is the eldest of actor Kirk Douglas ' four sons .	He is the eldest son of actor Kirk Douglas , and the husband of actress Catherine Zeta-Jones .
It is the official state language of Ukraine and the principal language of Ukrainians .	It is the official language of Ukraine .
Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic script ( see Ukrainian alphabet ) .	The Ukrainian language is written with Cyrillic letters .
Another 5 % of the native population follow Hinduism and Sikhism .	Another 1 % of the population follow Hinduism and Sikhism .
Of the remainder , 15 % of the total population practice Tibetan Buddhism and Bön , mostly found in Zanskar with small populations in the upper Suru valley ( Rangdum ) and around Shergol and Mulbekh .	The remainder 14 % are followers of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön , mostly found in Zanskar with small populations in the upper Suru valley ( Rangdum ) and around Shergol and Mulbekh .
Most of the district 's Muslims are found in the north ( Kargil town , Drass , and the lower Suru valley ) .	Most of the district 's Muslims are found in Kargil town , Drass , Wakha and the lower Suru valley .
Some Arghons and Shina are also settled in Kargil Town .	Some Arghons are also settled in Kargil Town .
Kargil ( Ladakhi : ཀར ག ལ ; Urdu : کرگل ; Hindi : करगिल ) is a district of Ladakh region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .	Kargil ( Urdu : ضلع کرگل ) is the only Muslim majority district of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir .
Of total population , 80 % are Muslim 95,963 , of which 73 % follow Shia Islam .	Of total population , 85 % are Muslim , of which 73 % follow Shia Islam .
The cultivar was created as a crossbred graft from the Black Republican cherry in 1875 by Oregon horticulturist Seth Lewelling and his Manchurian Chinese foreman Ah Bing , for whom the cultivar is named .	The cultivar was created as a crossbred graft from the Republican cherry in 1875 by Oregon horticulturist Seth Lewelling and his Manchurian Chinese foreman Ah Bing , for whom the cultivar is named .
Bing is a cultivar of the wild or sweet cherry ( Prunus avium ) that originated in the Pacific Northwest , in Milwaukie , Oregon , United States .	Bing is a cultivar ( farmed type ) of the wild or sweet cherry ( Prunus avium ) that started in the Pacific Northwest , in Milwaukie , Oregon , United States .
The Bing remains a major cultivar in Oregon , Washington , California , Wisconsin and British Columbia .	The Bing remains a major cultivar in Oregon , Washington , and British Columbia .
Sources disagree as to whether Ah Bing was responsible for developing the cultivar , or whether it was developed by Lewelling and named in Bing 's honor due to his long service as orchard foreman .	Some say Ah Bing developed the cultivar , others that it was developed by Lewelling and named in Bing 's honor due to his long service as orchard foreman .
Several books have been written about Andrea Doria .	Several books have been published about Andrea Doria .
Other families also had their hopes of seeing loved ones again dashed , especially those who were meeting members of several young families immigrating to the United States in hope of new lives .	The most affected were those who were meeting members of several families immigrating to the United States in hope of new lives .
The collision smashed many occupied passenger cabins and , at the lower levels , ripped open several of Andrea Doria 's watertight compartments .	It broke open several of the watertight compartments on Andrea Doria .
It was recorded that Andrea Doria finally sank 11 hours after the collision , at 10:09 AM on 26 July 1956 .	Andrea Doria sank in the night between July 25 , 1956 , and July 26 , 1956 .
However , amid reports of machinery problems during sea trials , Andrea Doria 's maiden voyage was pushed back from 14 December 1952 , to 14 January 1953 .	Andrea Doria 's maiden voyage ( first voyage ) was on January 14 , 1953 .
On Andrea Doria , the decision to abandon ship was made within 30 minutes of impact .	Thirty minutes after the crash , the people on Andrea Doria decided to abandon the ship .
Furthermore , the wreck is slowly collapsing ; the top of the wreck is now at 190 feet ( 58 m ) , and many of the passageways have begun to collapse .	The top of the wreck is now 190 feet ( 58 m ) below the water .
Andrea Doria also carried enough lifeboats to accommodate all passengers and crew .	Andrea Doria also had very advanced radar .
Thus , despite being a bit down at the bow , and having its first watertight compartment flooded , the ship was soon determined to be stable and in no imminent danger of sinking .	It had 11 watertight compartments .
Andrea Doria started as Yard No. 918 at Ansaldo Shipyard in Genoa .	Andrea Doria was built at the Ansaldo Shipyards , which was a shipbuilding company in Genoa , Italy .
Launched on 16 June 1951 , the ship undertook its maiden voyage on 14 January 1953 .	Its maiden voyage , or first voyage , was on January 14 , 1953 .
The sinking began at 9:45 a.m. and by 10:00 that morning Andrea Doria was on its side at a right angle to the sea .	Andrea Doria began to tilt to its right side .
Stockholm 's owners had another new ship , the Gripsholm , under construction at Ansaldo Shipyard in Italy .	The ship was built by the Ansaldo Shipyards in Genoa , Italy .
Flensburg is the center of the region of Southern Schleswig .	In the following century , Flensburg became economic center of the Duchy of Schleswig .
Flensburg ( Danish : Flensborg , Low Saxon : Flensborg , North Frisian : Flansborj , South Jutlandic : Flensborre ) is an independent town in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein .	Flensburg ( Danish : Flensborg , Low Saxon : Flensborg , North Frisian : Flansborj ) is a city in Germany , next to the border to Denmark .
The book , Weldon insists , is about envy , rather than revenge .	The book , Weldon says , is about envy , rather than revenge .
The Life and Loves of a She-Devil is a 1983 novel by British feminist author Fay Weldon about a highly unattractive woman who goes to great lengths to take revenge on her husband and his attractive lover .	The Life and Loves of a She-Devil is a 1983 novel by British feminist author Fay Weldon .
The novel was filmed twice : in 1986 as an award-winning BBC television serial , starring Patricia Hodge as Mary Fisher , Dennis Waterman as Bobbo and Julie T. Wallace as Ruth , and , less faithfully , by Hollywood in 1989 as She-Devil , starring Roseanne Barr as the `` she-devil '' and Meryl Streep as her adversary , ...	This version starred Roseanne Barr as the `` she-devil '' and Meryl Streep as her adversary , Mary Fisher .
An unconformity represents time during which no sediments were preserved in a region .	An unconformity represents time during which no sediments were preserved in the region .
The interval of geologic time not represented is called a hiatus .	The interval of geologic time not represented is called a hiatus ( = ` gap ' ) .
The significance of angular unconformity ( see below ) was shown by James Hutton , who found examples of Hutton 's Unconformity at Jedburgh in 1787 and at Siccar Point in 1788 .	James Hutton found examples of unconformity in Scotland , at Jedburgh in 1787 and at Siccar Point in 1788 .
In general , the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval of time before deposition of the younger , but the term is used to describe any break in the sedimentary geologic record .	Usually , the older layer was exposed to erosion for some time before deposition of the younger .
The division is named after the Right Honourable Sir Earle Page , the first leader of the Country Party of Australia and the caretaker Prime Minister of Australia after the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939 .	It is named after the Right Honourable Sir Earle Page , the first leader of the Country Party of Australia and the caretaker Prime Minister of Australia after the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939 .
It is located in the far north-east of the state , adjoining the border with Queensland and the Tasman Sea .	It is in the far north-east of the state , next the border with Queensland and the Tasman Sea .
In the order of The Canterbury Tales , the Pardoner 's Prologue and Tale are preceded by The Physician 's Tale .	The Pardoner 's Prologue and Tale is a story that is a part of the The Canterbury Tales by English writer , Geoffrey Chaucer .
The men set out to avenge them and kill Death .	The three men plan to avenge their friend 's death and kill Death themselves .
Many fig species are grown for their fruits , though only Ficus carica is cultivated to any extent for this purpose .	Many figs are grown for their fruit , though only Ficus carica , the Common Fig , is cultivated to any extent for human consumption .
In this case , it is an involuted , nearly closed receptacle with many small flowers arranged on the inner surface .	In this case , it is a turned inwards , nearly closed receptacle , with many small flowers arranged on the inner surface .
Some parthenocarpic cultivars of Common Figs do not require pollination at all , and will produce a crop of figs ( albeit sterile ) in the absence of caprifigs or fig wasps .	Some parthenocarpic ( ` virgin fruit ' ) cultivars of Common Figs do not require pollination at all , and will produce a crop of seedless edible figs without caprifigs or fig wasps .
However , figs are skin allergens , and the latex is a serious eye irritant .	However , figs are skin allergens , and the sap is a serious eye irritant .
He is perhaps best known as the lead singer of Africando between 1995 and his death in 2004 , but had been well known in his home country of Benin and beyond since the 1960s .	He is best known as the lead singer of Africando between 1995 and his death in 2004 .
In 1965 , while a student at Bennington College , Dworkin was arrested during an anti-Vietnam War protest at the United States Mission to the United Nations and sent to the New York Women 's House of Detention .	In 1965 Dworkin was arrested during an anti-Vietnam War protest at the United States Mission to the United Nations .
Dworkin was born in Camden , New Jersey , to Harry Dworkin and Sylvia Spiegel .	Dworkin was born in Camden , New Jersey .
Andrea Rita Dworkin ( September 26 , 1946 - April 9 , 2005 ) was an American radical feminist and writer best known for her criticism of pornography , which she argued was linked to rape and other forms of violence against women .	Andrea Rita Dworkin ( September 26 , 1946 - April 9 , 2005 ) was an American radical feminist and writer .
During the late 1970s and the 1980s , she gained national fame as a spokeswoman for the feminist anti-pornography movement , and for her writing on pornography and sexuality , particularly in Pornography : Men Possessing Women ( 1981 ) and Intercourse ( 1987 ) , which remain her two most widely known books .	Her two most well known books are Pornography : Men Possessing Women ( 1981 ) and Intercourse ( 1987 ) .
In the US and Mexico , the US practical joke group Improv Everywhere has created an ` international celebration of silliness ' by asking commuters to board the New York and Mexico City subways without trousers on a specific day .	In the U.S. and Mexico , the practical joke group Improv Everywhere has created an `` international celebration of silliness '' by asking people to get on the New York and Mexico City subways without trousers on a specific day .
In `` The Art of Roughhousing , '' Anthony DeBenedet and Larry Cohen argue that `` wild play '' between a child and a parent can foster `` joy , love and a deeper connection '' ; among the actions they suggest is for the parent to be silly and pretend to fall over .	In The Art of Roughhousing , Anthony DeBenedet and Larry Cohen say that `` wild play '' between a child and a parent can cause `` joy , love and a deeper connection '' .
In television , film , and the circus , portrayals of silliness such as exaggerated , funny behavior are used to amuse audiences .	In television , movies , and the circus , silliness such as exaggerated , funny behavior is used to make audiences laugh .
Michael Christianson from New York 's Big Apple Circus `` became so interested in the healing qualities of physical comedy that he quit his job '' ... `` to teach jesters , clowns and comedians how to connect with hospital patients through his Clown Care Unit . ''	Michael Christianson from New York 's Big Apple Circus teaches jesters , clowns and comedians how to help hospital patients feel better .
The bacterium Micrococcus flacidifex danai also infects the larvae and causes `` black death '' .	The bacteria Micrococcus flacidifex danai also infects the caterpillar and causes `` black death '' .
The second , third and fourth generations return to their northern locations in the United States and Canada in the spring .	The second , third and fourth generations return to their northern places in the United States and Canada in the spring .
The caterpillar is banded with yellow , black , and white stripes .	The Monarch caterpillar is banded with yellow , black , and white stripes .
The caterpillar reaches a length of 5 cm ( 2 in ) .	The caterpillar will reach a length of 5 centimeters ( 2 inches ) .
But no individual makes the entire round trip .	No single individual makes the whole round trip .
The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa has no invasive powers , but causes secondary infections in weakened insects .	The bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes infections in weakened insects .
It is a common cause of death in laboratory-reared insects .	It is a common cause of death in insects that are raised in laboratories .
The overwintered population of those east of the Rockies may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma during the spring migration .	During the spring migration , the population that is east of the Rocky Mountains may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma .
Monarchs in Hawaii are known to have low cardiac glycoside levels , but the birds may also be tolerant of the chemical .	Monarchs in Hawaii have low cardiac glycoside levels , but the birds may be immune to the chemical .
At that time , one white maggot comes out of the larvae , suspended by a silken thread .	At that time one white maggot comes out of the caterpillar .
Other birds , such as orioles and jays , have learned to eat only the thoracic muscles and abdominal contents because these contain less poison than the rest of the body .	Other birds , such as orioles and jays , have learned to eat only the thoracic muscles and the body parts inside the abdomen .
By the end of October , the population east of the Rocky Mountains migrates to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests in the Mexican states of Michoacán and México .	They migrate to the sanctuaries ( safe or protected places ) of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican states of Michoacán and Mexico .
They are now the most common insectivore birds , and probably the only ones preying on insects as large as the monarch .	They are now the most common insectivore birds .
The two species hunt the larvae and some pupae from the branches and undersides of leaves in milkweed bushes .	They look for them on branches and the underside of leaves in milkweed bushes .
A color variation has been observed in Australia , New Zealand , Indonesia and the United States as early as the late 19th century .	A white form of the Monarch has been seen in Australia , New Zealand , Indonesia and the United States .
Overwintering monarchs in Mexico are often preyed upon by Black-headed Grosbeaks , which are immune to that toxin .	Overwintering Monarchs in Mexico are often eaten by Black-headed Grosbeaks .
Named nivosus by lepidopterists , it is grayish-white in all areas of the wings that are normally orange .	It was named nivosus by lepidopterists ( a lepidopterist is a person who studies butterflies and moths ) .
Over time , overwintering adults become less poisonous , thus making them more vulnerable to predators .	Over time , overwintering Monarchs become less poisonous .
The monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) is a milkweed butterfly ( subfamily Danainae ) in the family Nymphalidae .	The Monarch ( Danaus plexippus ) is an insect and a butterfly .
Because of its color , the white morph has a higher survival rate than the orange one .	The white form has a higher chance of living than the orange one .
This is either because of apostatic selection ( i.e. the birds have learned the orange monarchs can be eaten ) , because of camouflage ( the white morph matches the white pubescence of milkweed or the patches of light shining through foliage ) , or because the white morph does not fit the bird 's search image of a typi...	The white form does not fit the birds ' search image of a normal Monarch , and so it is not eaten .
The upper side of the wings is tawny-orange , the veins and margins are black , and in the margins are two series of small white spots .	The upper side of the wings are orange with black edges and veins .
There is a northward migration in the spring .	A migration towards the north takes place in the spring .

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