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This led him to devise an elaborate system of strings and pulleys to help others lift him from bed .	He decided to invent a complicated system of strings and pulleys to lift him from his bed .
In 1944 , he was elected president and chairman of the American Chemical Society .	He was given many high awards for his work and in 1944 he became president and chairman of the American Chemical Society .
In 1940 , at the age of 51 , Midgley contracted poliomyelitis , which left him severely disabled .	In 1940 , at the age of 51 , Midgley became ill with polio which left him disabled .
Paris-Roubaix is one of the oldest races of professional road cycling .	Paris-Roubaix is one of the oldest professional bicycle races .
Paris-Roubaix is a one-day professional bicycle road race in northern France , starting north of Paris and finishing on the Belgian frontier .	Paris-Roubaix is a famous single-day professional bicycle road race held in northern France starting in Compiègne and finishing in Roubaix , near the Belgian frontier .
The race is organised by the media group Amaury Sport Organisation annually in mid-April .	The race is now organised by the media group Amaury Sport Organisation ( ASO ) who also run the Tour de France .
Sergent said : The race usually leaves riders caked in mud and grit , from the cobbled roads and rutted tracks of northern France 's former coal-mining region .	Riders are often covered from head to toe in mud and grit , and race over the cobblestoned roads and hard rutted tracks of northern France .
Such comets are believed to originate from the Oort cloud .	Scientists think that they come from the Oort cloud .
Damocloids are believed to be nuclei of Halley-type comets that have lost all their volatile materials due to outgassing and become dormant .	They are believed to be comets that have lost their volatile material and are dormant .
Later the profession developed into public servants , journalists , accountants , typists , and lawyers .	Later , it changed into being clerks : public servants , journalists , accountants and lawyers .
Furthermore , the natural responses to eating sugary foods ( eating less at the next meal and using some of the extra calories to warm the body after the sugary meal ) are gradually lost .	The natural response to eating sugary foods is to eat less at the next meal and to use some of the extra energy to warm the body after the meal .
Rats given sweeteners have steadily increased calorie intake , increased body weight , and increased adiposity ( fatness ) .	After a while , rats given sweeteners have steadily increased the amount of calories .
Becoming effective on November 1 , 2003 the district was renamed from Erftkreis to Rhein-Erft-Kreis .	On November 1 , 2003 the district was renamed from Erftkreis to Rhein-Erft-Kreis .
The district in its current borders was created in 1975 , when the previous districts Bergheim and Cologne were merged .	The district in its current borders was created in 1975 , when the previous rural districts of Bergheim and Cologne were merged .
During the war , Sargent directed the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester ( 1939-42 ) and the Liverpool Philharmonic ( 1942-48 ) and became a popular BBC Home Service radio broadcaster .	During the war , Sargent conducted the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester ( 1939-42 ) and the Liverpool Philharmonic ( 1942-48 ) and became a popular radio broadcaster with the BBC .
Those making their Prom debuts in the Sargent years included Carlo Maria Giulini , Georg Solti , Leopold Stokowski , Rudolf Kempe , Pierre Boulez and Bernard Haitink .	During his time at the Proms foreign conductors such as Carlo Maria Giulini , Georg Solti , Leopold Stokowski , Rudolf Kempe , Pierre Boulez and Bernard Haitink were invited to perform .
Sargent stopped the orchestra , calmed the audience by saying they were safer inside the hall than fleeing outside , and resumed conducting .	Sargent stopped the orchestra , calmed the audience by saying they were safer inside the hall than they would be outside , and started to conduct again .
When the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra was in danger of extinction after Beecham 's death in 1961 , Sargent played a major part in saving the orchestra , doing much to win back the good opinion of orchestral players that he had lost because of his 1936 interview .	When the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra nearly had to come to an end after Beecham 's death in 1961 , Sargent worked hard to save the orchestra .
On one famous occasion , an air raid interrupted a performance of Beethoven 's Symphony No. 7 .	During one concert he was playing Beethoven 's Symphony No. 7 when there was an air raid .
Sir Harold Malcolm Watts Sargent ( 29 April 1895 - 3 October 1967 ) was an English conductor , organist and composer widely regarded as Britain 's leading conductor of choral works .	Sir Malcolm Sargent ( born Ashford , Kent , 29 April 1895 ; died London 3 October 1967 ) was an English conductor , organist and composer .
Sargent was chief conductor of the Proms from 1948 until his death in 1967 and of the BBC Symphony Orchestra from 1950 to 1957 , succeeding Sir Adrian Boult .	In 1950 he followed Sir Adrian Boult as conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra .
After giving a Daily Telegraph interview in 1936 in which he said that an orchestral musician did not deserve a `` job for life '' and should `` give of his lifeblood with every bar he plays , '' Sargent lost much favor with musicians .	He made many enemies with a remark he made in 1936 when he said that orchestral musicians should not have a secure `` job for life '' but should give their `` lifeblood with every bar they played '' .
The Courtauld-Sargent concerts , as they became known , were aimed at people who had not previously attended concerts .	He conducted the Robert Mayer children 's concerts and the Courtauld-Sargent concerts , a series which was aimed at people who had never been to concerts .
In 1928 he became conductor of the Royal Choral Society , and he retained this post for four decades until his death .	He conducted for Sergei Diaghilev 's Ballets Russes and , in 1928 he became conductor of the Royal Choral Society , a job which he kept until his death .
Tropical Storm Arthur was the first Atlantic tropical storm that formed during the month of May since 1981 .	Tropical Storm Arthur was the first tropical storm to form in May since 1981 .
Four major elements define an encyclopedia : its subject matter , its scope , its method of organization , and its method of production : Some works entitled `` dictionaries '' are actually similar to encyclopedias , especially those concerned with a particular field ( such as the Dictionary of the Middle Ages , the Di...	Examples are the Dictionary of National Biography , the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships , and Black 's Law Dictionary .
He reigned from 1670 to 1723 , and was the elder son of Grand Duke Ferdinando II .	He reigned from 1670 to 1723 , and was the elder son of Grand Duke Ferdinando II of Tuscany .
Cosimo III de ' Medici ( 14 August 1642 - 31 October 1723 ) was the penultimate Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany .	Cosimo III de ' Medici ( 14 August 1642 - 31 October 1723 ) was the penultimate Grand Duke of Tuscany .
In later life , he attempted to have Anna Maria Luisa recognized as the universal heiress of Tuscany , but Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor , would not allow it because Florence was nominally an imperial fief , and he felt he alone could alter the Tuscan laws of succession .	In later life , he tried to have Anna Maria Luisa recognized as heiress of Tuscany , but Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor , would not allow it .
Cosimo 's 53-year long reign , the longest in Tuscan history , was marked by a series of ultra-reactionary laws which regulated prostitution and banned May celebrations .	Cosimo 's fifty long reign , the longest in Tuscan history , was marked by a series of regulatory laws .
He was succeeded by his elder surviving son , Gian Gastone , when he died , in 1723 .	He was succeeded by his elder surviving son , Gian Gastone de ' Medici , when he died , in 1723 .
All Cosimo 's efforts to salvage the plan floundered , and in 1737 , upon his younger son 's death , Tuscany passed to the House of Lorraine .	Tuscany passed passed to the House of Lorraine in 1737 .
Marguerite Louise eventually abandoned Tuscany for the Convent of Montmartre .	It was a bad marriage and Marguerite Louise eventually left Tuscany to remain at the Convent of Montmartre in Paris .
Marguerite Louise d'Orléans , a granddaughter of Henry IV of France , was married to Cosimo by proxy on 17 April 1661 at the Palais du Louvre .	Cosimo III had three children with Marguerite Louise d'Orléans , a granddaughter of Henry IV of France :
The Durand Line cuts through the Pashtun tribal areas and further south through the Balochistan region , politically dividing ethnic Pashtuns , as well as the Baloch and other ethnic groups , who live on both sides of the border .	The Durand Line cuts through the Afghan tribal areas , politically dividing ethnic Pashtuns and Baloch people who live on both sides .
It was established after an 1893 agreement between Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan for fixing the limit of their respective spheres of influence as well as improving diplomatic relations and trade .	It was established after an 1893 memorandum of understanding ( MoU ) between Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan .
It is named after Mortimer Durand , a British diplomat and civil servant of colonial British India .	Referred to as a frontier line , it is named after Mortimer Durand who was the Foreign Secretary of colonial British India at the time .
Although recognized internationally as the western border of Pakistan and shown as such on global maps , it remains unrecognized in Afghanistan .	Although shown on maps as the western international border of Pakistan , it remains unrecognized by Afghanistan and leaders of the Pashtun people in Pakistan .
It is believed that one must choose not to be evil to return to God .	Others think that God lets evil happen so that people can choose not to do evil .
Christopher Michael Benoit ( French pronunciation : ( bəˈnwɑ ) ) ( May 21 , 1967 - June 24 , 2007 ) was a Canadian professional wrestler .	Christopher Michael Benoit ( May 21 , 1967 - June 24 , 2007 ) was a Canadian professional wrestler .
Chris Benoit murdered his wife and son on June 22 , 2007 , and subsequently hanged himself on June 24 , 2007 .	On June 24 , 2007 , Chris Benoit committed suicide by hanging after murdering his wife and son .
Coral reefs are found in the deep sea away from continental shelves , around oceanic islands and as atolls .	Coral reefs are also found in the deep sea away from the continental shelves , around oceanic islands and as atolls .
Most of the coral reefs we can see today were formed after the last glacial period when melting ice caused the sea level to rise and flood the continental shelves .	Most present-day coral reefs were formed after the last ice age when melting ice caused the sea level to rise and flood the continental shelves .
The vast majority of these islands are volcanic in origin .	The vast majority of these ocean coral islands are volcanic in origin .
However , coral reefs are fragile ecosystems , partly because they are very sensitive to water temperature .	Coral reefs are fragile ecosystems .
Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals .	A coral reef is a large underwater structure made of dead and living corals .
They are covered by so much water that there was insufficient light .	Reefs that did not keep pace became drowned reefs , covered by so much water that there was insufficient light for further survival .
As communities established themselves on the shelves , the reefs grew upwards , pacing rising sea levels .	As coral reef communities were established on the shelves , they built reefs that grew upwards , keeping pace with the rise in sea level .
This means that most modern coral reefs are less than 10,000 years old .	This means they are less than 10,000 years old .
The National Olympic Committee for Iceland was created in 1921 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1935 .	The National Olympic Committee for Iceland was formed in 1921 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1935 .
Icelandic athletes have won a total of four medals , two in athletics , one in judo and one in handball .	Icelandic athletes have won a total of four medals .
Iceland has also participated in all but one edition of the Winter Olympic Games since 1948 , missing only the 1972 Winter Games .	Iceland has also been in all but one Winter Olympic Games since 1948 .
After 1936 , Iceland has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since .	After returning in 1936 , the nation has been in every Summer Olympic Games since .
North Azerbaijani , or North Azeri , is the official language of Azerbaijan .	North Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan .
South Azerbaijani , or South Azeri , is spoken in northwestern Iran and to a lesser extent in neighboring regions of Iraq and Turkey , with smaller communities in Afghanistan and Syria .	South Azerbaijani is the type of Azerbaijani spoken in northwestern Iran .
The Intolerable Acts was the Patriots ' name for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament , in 1774 relating to Massachusetts after the Boston Tea party .	The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts were names given by the American colonists to laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 .
Its language is gentler than that of Bambi , A Life in the Woods .	The language of Bambi 's Children is more gentle than that of Bambi , A Life in the Woods .
Twin fawns ( from the ending of the first novel ) , Geno and Gurri learn the pleasures as well as downsides of nature and their forest home , as their mother Faline raises them to adulthood .	The overall storyline is how Geno and Gurri learn the pleasures as well as downsides of nature and their forest home .
In physics , the world line of an object is the unique path of that object as it travels through 4-dimensional spacetime .	A world line is the unique path that an object has as it travels through both space and time , usually called spacetime .
Later , it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms ( i.e. , the lack of dependence on any higher ruler ) , without claiming the overall caliphate , or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate .	Later , it came to be used as the title of certain Muslim rulers who claimed full sovereignty .
Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Boris Yeltsin had been elected President of Russia in June 1991 in the first direct presidential election in Russian history .	In June 1991 , Boris Yeltsin was elected as the first president of Russia .
Russia bounced back from the August 1998 financial crash with surprising speed .	Despite this , Russia came back from the August 1998 financial crash with speed .
Despite this acceptance , the Russian Federation lacked the military and political power of the former Soviet Union .	First off the Soviet Union became the Russian Federation .
Some of the main features of the island include the following : the Marina Piccola ( the little harbor ) , the Belvedere of Tragara ( a high panoramic promenade lined with villas ) , the limestone crags called sea stacks that project above the sea ( the Faraglioni ) , the town of Anacapri , the Blue Grotto ( Grotta Azz...	Features of the island are the Belvedere of Tragara ( a high panoramic promenade lined with villas ) , the limestone crags called sea stacks that project above the sea ( the Faraglioni ) , the town of Anacapri , the Blue Grotto ( Grotta Azzurra ) , and the ruins of the Imperial Roman villas .
The separate comune of Anacapri is located high on the hills to the west .	The separate comune of Anacapri is high on the hills to the west .
The town of Capri is the island 's main population center .	Most people on the island live in the town of Capri .
The main town Capri that is located on the island shares the name .	The main town on the island shares the name .
By early on July 31 , ship reports and QuikSCAT observations suggested winds of 35 mph ( 55 km\/h ) , and the center was well-involved enough with the convection for the National Hurricane Center to classify it as Tropical Depression Three while it was located about 270 miles ( 435 km ) north-northwest of Bermuda , or ...	By early on July 31 , ship reports and QuikSCAT observations detected winds of 35 mph ( 55 km\/h ) , and the center was well-involved enough with the convection for the National Hurricane Center to name it as Tropical Depression Three while it was located about 270 miles ( 435 km ) north-northwest of Bermuda , or about...
Located over sea surface temperatures of about 80 ° F ( 27 ° C ) , one forecaster noted the depression had `` a small window of opportunity ... for it to reach tropical storm strength before transitioning to an extratropical cyclone . ''	Located over sea surface temperatures of about 80º F ( 27º C ) , one forecaster said the depression had `` a small window of opportunity ... for it to reach tropical storm strength before transitioning to an extratropical cyclone . ''
On July 30 , the low passed to the west of Bermuda as it continued northeastward , under the influence of a large mid-latitude trough .	On July 30 , the low passed to the west of Bermuda as it continued moving northeastward , under the effects of a large mid-latitude trough .
Later , the Newfoundland Labrador Weather Office issued heavy rainfall warnings for southeastern Newfoundland .	The Newfoundland Labrador Weather Office also issued warnings for heavy rain .
After becoming an extratropical cyclone , Chantal maintained scattered convection near its center , though its main area of convection and clouds extended to its north .	After becoming an extratropical cyclone , Chantal managed to keep scattered convection near its center , though its main area of convection and clouds moved to its north .
However , conditions were forecast to become more conducive for development , and by July 29 the National Hurricane Center remarked it had `` potential for tropical or subtropical development . ''	However , conditions then were forecasted to become better for development , and by July 29 the National Hurricane Center stated that it had `` potential for tropical or subtropical development . ''
Shortly after it first became a tropical storm , the Atlantic Storm Prediction Center of Canada issued gale warnings for the coastal waters off Newfoundland .	Shortly after the system became a tropical storm , the Atlantic Storm Prediction Center of Canada sent out gale warnings for the waters off of Newfoundland .
Thunderstorms were reported on the island , and maximum reported winds on the island reached 45 mph ( 72 km\/h ) .	Winds on the island reached 45 mph ( 72 km\/h ) because of the weather system .
The system contained an exposed low-level circulation , which intermittently passed beneath a persistent area of convection to its northeast .	The system contained an exposed low-level circulation , which from time to time passed under a thick area of convection to its northeast .
Tropical Storm Chantal was a short-lived tropical storm in the northern Atlantic Ocean in the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season .	Tropical Storm Chantal was a very short-lived storm in the northern Atlantic Ocean that stayed away from land during most of its existence .
The system tracked northeastward , and initially unfavorable environmental conditions left the system disorganized .	It moved north-northeastward , into poor environmental conditions which left the system disorganized .
After Chantal passed Bermuda , a ship with the call sign C60Y4 recorded sustained winds of 37 mph ( 59 km\/h ) over the open waters of the north Atlantic Ocean .	After Chantal passed Bermuda , a ship with the call sign of C60Y4 recorded winds of 37 mph ( 59 km\/h ) .
Onshore , the storm produced moderately strong winds , with an unofficial peak gust of 54 mph ( 88 km\/h ) reported near where the storm moved ashore .	A wind gust of 54 mph ( 88 km\/h ) was reported .
Upon receiving its classification , the depression consisted of a partially exposed low-level center with deep convection occupying the northeastern semicircle .	By six hours after development , the depression had of a somewhat exposed low-level center with deep convection taking up most of the northeastern semicircle .
Convection increased further over the center , and at around 0600 UTC on July 31 the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Chantal while located about 530 miles ( 855 km ) south of Halifax , Nova Scotia .	The system organized further , and based on satellite pictures and QuikSCAT data , the National Hurricane Center upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Chantal at 1215 UTC on July 31 while located about 330 miles ( 530 km ) south of Halifax , Nova Scotia .
Several communities in the region declared states of emergencies .	Several towns declared states of emergencies along the Avalon Peninsula .
The precursor disturbance to Chantal began affecting Bermuda on July 30 , producing scattered storms and increased cloud cover .	The weather system that would later become Chantal began to affect Bermuda on July 30 .
The storm continued northeastward , under the influence of a mid-level trough , and Chantal quickly developed well-defined curved banding features ; six hours after becoming a tropical storm , Chantal reached peak winds of 50 mph ( 85 km\/h ) .	By three hours later the system formed a well-defined curved banding features , and Chantal reached maximum systained winds of 50 mph ( 80 km\/h ) at 40.2 º N . The storm speed up northeastward into an area of cold waters and cooler air , and early on August 1 the National Hurricane Center gave out its last advisory on...
Bill Anders , Jim Lovell , and Frank Borman recited verses 1 through 10 , using the King James Version text .	Bill Anders , Jim Lovell , and Frank Borman read verses 1 through 10 , using the Authorized King James Version text .
On December 24 , 1968 , in what was the most watched television broadcast at the time , the crew of Apollo 8 read in turn from the Book of Genesis as they orbited the moon .	On December 24 , 1968 , the crew of Apollo 8 read from the Book of Genesis on a television broadcast of their mission as they orbited the moon .
Nansen studied zoology at the Royal Frederick University in Christiania ( renamed Oslo in 1925 ) , and later worked as a curator at the Bergen Museum where his research on the central nervous system of lower marine creatures earned him a doctorate and helped establish modern theories of neurology .	Nansen studied zoology at the Royal Frederick University , and later worked as a curator at the Bergen Museum where his research on the central nervous system of lower marine creatures earned him a doctorate and helped establish modern theories of neurology .
In the final decade of his life , Nansen devoted himself primarily to the League of Nations , following his appointment in 1921 as the League 's High Commissioner for Refugees .	In the final decade of his life Nansen devoted himself primarily to the League of Nations , following his appointment in 1921 as the League 's High Commissioner for Refugees .
The Great Highland bagpipe is classified as a woodwind instrument , like the bassoon , oboe , and clarinet .	The Great Highland bagpipe is a four-reed woodwind instrument from Scotland .
Thomas Hooker ( July 5 , 1586 - July 7 , 1647 ) was a prominent Puritan colonial leader , who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts .	Thomas Hooker ( July 5 , 1586 - July 7 , 1647 ) was a Puritan colonial leader .
He was known as an outstanding speaker and a leader of universal Christian suffrage .	He was also a leader of the Christian suffrage .
Called today `` the Father of Connecticut , '' Thomas Hooker was a towering figure in the early development of colonial New England .	Hooker was an important person in the early development of colonial New England .
In rock , heavy metal , blues , jazz , punk , fusion , some pop , and other music styles , lead guitar lines are usually supported by a second guitarist who plays rhythm guitar , which consists of accompaniment chords and riffs .	In rock and metal bands , the lead guitarist is usually supported by a second guitarist who plays rhythm guitar ( chords and riffs ) .
Lead guitar is a guitar part which plays melody lines , instrumental fill passages , guitar solos , and occasionally , some riffs within a song structure .	Lead guitar means the use of a guitar to perform melody lines , instrumental fills , and solos within a song structure .
Guillermo C. `` Bill '' Gramática ( born July 10 , 1978 ) is a former American football placekicker of the National Football League .	Guillermo C. `` Bill '' Gramática ( born July 10 , 1978 ) is a retired American Football placekicker .
On May 8 , 2010 , this airplane had an aerial rendezvous with Boeing 's newest passenger aircraft , the Boeing 787 Dreamliner .	On May 8 , 2010 , this plane flew with Boeing 's newest plane , the Boeing 787 Dreamliner .
The Boeing Model 40 was a United States mail plane of the 1920s .	The Boeing Model 40 was a mail plane .
After being recovered , it was completely rebuilt over an eight-year period and an estimated 18,000 man hours by Pemberton and Sons Aviation in Spokane , Washington .	It was rebuilt by Pemberton and Sons Aviation in Spokane , Washington .
The Model 40B-4 was a new-build aircraft combining the four-passenger cabin of the Model 40C with the Hornet engine of the B-2 .	The Model 40B-4 was another model which had the cabin of the Model 40C and the engine of the Model 40B-2 .

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