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At the same time , new types of stone tools requiring more skill began to be produced ; new technologies included polishing . | At the same time , many new types of stone tools began to be produced . |
The idea of agriculture subsequently spread from the Levant into Europe , being adopted by hunter-gathering societies in what is now Turkey , Greece , the Balkans , and across the Mediterranean , eventually reaching north-western Europe and the British Isles . | p20 The idea of agriculture spread from the Levant into Europe , being adopted by hunter-gathering societies in what is now Turkey , Greece , the Balkans , and across the Mediterranean , eventually reaching north-western Europe and the British Isles . |
It was in the Near East that the `` most important developments in early farming '' occurred in the Levant and the mountains surrounding what is now Syria , Israel , Jordan , Turkey , Iran and Iraq , areas which already had rich ecological variation that was being exploited by hunter-gatherers in the Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods . | These areas already had rich ecological variation that was being exploited by hunter-gatherers in the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods . |
During the preceding Mesolithic period , the inhabitants of the British Isles had been nomadic hunter-gatherers , but around 4000 BCE new ideas arrived in the islands from continental Europe . | Around 4000 BC new ideas arrived in the islands from continental Europe . |
Early signs of these hunter-gatherers beginning to harvest , manipulate and grow various food plants have been identified in the Mesolithic Natufian culture of the Levant , showing signs that would later lead to the actual domestication and farming of crops . | These are signs that would later lead to the actual domestication and farming of crops . |
These constructions are taken to reflect ideological changes , with new ideas about religion , ritual and social hierarchy . | New ideas about religion , ritual and social hierarchy came with the new lifestyle . |
The final part of the Stone Age in the British Isles , it was a part of the greater Neolithic , or `` New Stone Age '' , across Europe . | p37 The Neolithic was the last part of the Stone Age in the British Isles . |
The Neolithic also saw the construction of a wide variety of monuments in the landscape , many of which were megalithic in nature . | The Neolithic tribes built many monuments in the landscape , many of which were megalithic in nature . |
These ideas were soon adopted by the natives , leading to a radical transformation of society and landscape that has been called the Neolithic Revolution . | This has been called the Neolithic Revolution . |
To make room for the new farmland , these early agricultural communities undertook mass deforestation across the islands , dramatically and permanently transforming the landscape . | To make room for the new farmland , these early agricultural communities cut down trees ( deforestation ) across the islands . |
In 2008 , The Times ranked Golding third on their list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' . | In 2008 , The Times ranked Golding third on its list of `` The 50 Greatest British writers since 1945 '' . |
William Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940 . | Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940 . |
He grew up in Marlborough , Wiltshire , where his father ( Alec Golding ) was a science master at Marlborough Grammar School ( 1905 to retirement ) . | His father , Alec Golding , was a schoolmaster at Marlborough Grammar School . |
In 1930 Golding went to Oxford University as an undergraduate at Brasenose College , where he read Natural Sciences for two years before transferring to English Literature . | In 1930 , Golding went to Brasenose College at the University of Oxford . |
Golding was knighted by Elizabeth II in 1988 . | Golding was knighted for his work in 1988 . |
Alec Golding was a socialist who advocated science-inspired rationalism , and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught . | Golding and his older brother , Joseph , went to their father 's school . |
They are found at all depths , in different sediment types , and in all latitudes . | They are found at all depths of water , in different sediment types , and in all latitudes . |
Three species of Loricifera have been found in the sediments at the bottom of the L'Atalante basin in Mediterranean Sea , more than 3,000 meters down , the first multicellular organisms known to spend their entire lives in an oxygen-free environment . | Three species of Loricifera have been found in the sediments at the bottom of the L'Atalante basin in the Mediterranean Sea . |
Their sizes range from 100 µm to ca . | Their size ranges from 100 µm to about 1 mm . |
The animals have a head , mouth and digestive system as well as a lorica . | Protected by the lorica , the animals have a head , mouth and digestive system . |
As a consequence , this environment is completely anoxic and , due to the activity of sulfate reducers , contains sulphide at a concentration of 2.9 mM . | Also , due to the action of sulphate reducers , it contains sulphide at a high concentration . |
They are characterised by a protective outer case called a lorica and their habitat , which is in the spaces between marine gravel to which they attach themselves . | Their habitat is in the spaces between marine gravel to which they attach themselves . |
They are not known to be present in the fossil record . | They have not yet been found in the fossil record . |
They were collected from a deep basin at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea , where they inhabit a nearly salt-saturated brine that , because of its density ( ) 1.2 g\/cm ³ ) , does not mix with the waters above . | They were collected from the deep basin where they live in a nearly salt-saturated brine . |
They attach themselves quite firmly to the substratum , and hence remained undiscovered for so long . | They attach themselves quite firmly to the gravel , and this explains why they remained undiscovered for so long . |
The band 's debut album , Ritchie Blackmore 's Rainbow , was released in 1975 . | The band 's first album , Ritchie Blackmore 's Rainbow , was released August 4 , 1975 . |
Richard Hugh `` Ritchie '' Blackmore ( born 14 April 1945 ) is a British guitarist and songwriter , who began his professional career as a session musician as a member of the instrumental band The Outlaws and as a backing musician of pop singers Glenda Collins , Heinz , Screaming Lord Sutch , Neil Christian , etc. . | Ritchie Blackmore ( born 14 April 1945 ) is an English guitarist . |
It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations , the World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) and the United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) , and later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution 43\/53 . | The group was established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) and the United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) , two organizations of the United Nations . |
Unqualified , `` the IPCC report '' is often used to mean the Working Group I report , which covers the basic science of climate change . | Most times `` the IPCC report '' means the Working Group I report , which is about basic climate change . |
A fourth assessment report ( AR4 ) was released in 2007 and a fifth is due to be issued in 2014 . | The Fourth Assessment Report ( AR4 ) was completed in early 2007 . |
Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and UNEP . | Only member states of the WMO and UNEP may be members of IPCC . |
Each assessment report is in three volumes , corresponding to Working Groups I , II , and III . | Each report is in three books called Working Groups 1 , 2 and 3 . |
The 2007 Nobel Peace Prize was shared , in two equal parts , between the IPCC and Al Gore . | The IPCC shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President of the United States Al Gore who won for working on the same problems . |
The IPCC produces reports that support the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) , which is the main international treaty on climate change . | A lot of IPCC work is publishing reports about the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) , an international agreement that human inventions and chemistry may make the Earth too warm to live on . |
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations , set up at the request of member governments . | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) is a group of scientists chosen by governments and other large groups from around the world who study the chance that humans may make the Earth heat up unnaturally . |
The Simple English Wikipedia is an English edition of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia , primarily written in Basic English and Special English . | The Simple English Wikipedia is a Wikipedia encyclopedia , written in basic English . |
His best-known composition is the 1972 choral work African Sanctus . | His best-known composition is a choral work called African Sanctus . |
David Arthur Fanshawe ( 19 April 1942 - 5 July 2010 ) was an English composer , ethnomusicologist and self-styled explorer . | David Fanshawe ( born 19 April 1942 in Devon , England ; died 5 July 2010 ) was an English composer and explorer . |
David Fanshawe 's first ambition was to be an explorer but when he attended St George 's School , Windsor Castle and Stowe School he discovered a love of music . | Fanshawe went to school at St George 's School , Windsor Castle and Stowe School . |
He started his adult career as a musician and film editor for a small production company in Wimbledon in London who made documentary films . | He started his career as a musician and producer for documentary films . |
The 2011 FIFA Women 's World Cup was the sixth FIFA Women 's World Cup competition , the world championship for women 's national association football teams . | The 2011 FIFA Women 's World Cup was the sixth FIFA Women 's World Cup tournament . |
The matches were played in nine stadiums in nine host cities around the country , with the final played at the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt . | The final was played in the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt , Germany . |
Japan won the final against the United States on a penalty shoot-out following a 2-2 draw after extra time and became the first Asian team to win a FIFA World Cup . | Because of Japan 's victory , Japan became the first Asian team to win any FIFA World Cup ! |
Puerto Rico ( Spanish for `` rich port '' ) is an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands , the largest of which are Vieques , Culebra , and Mona . | The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico includes the largest , main island and a number of smaller islands , including Mona , Vieques , and Culebra . |
After the death of Louise Henriette on 9 February 1759 at the Palais-Royal , the Orléans residence in Paris , Louis Philippe took as his mistress Étiennette Le Marquis , a former dancer who liked to act in comedy plays , and who introduced him into the world of the theater . | After the death of Louise Henriette on 9 February 1759 , Louis Philippe took as his mistress Étiennette Le Marquis , a former dancer who liked to act in comedy plays , and who introduced him into the world of the theater . |
In 1743 , his paternal grandmother , Françoise-Marie de Bourbon the formidable Dowager Duchess of Orléans , and Louise Élisabeth , Dowager Princess of Conti arranged his marriage to his seventeen-year old cousin , Louise Henriette de Bourbon ( 1726-1759 ) , a member of the House of Boubon-Conti , another cadet branch of the House of Bourbon . | In 1743 , his paternal grandmother , Françoise-Marie de Bourbon the formidable Dowager Duchess of Orléans , and Louise Élisabeth , Dowager Princess of Conti arranged his marriage to his seventeen-year old cousin , Louise Henriette de Bourbon . |
In spite of his liaison with Étiennette , Louis Philippe had several other mistresses until he met , in July 1766 , Charlotte Jeanne Béraud de La Haye de Riou , Madame de Montesson , a witty but married twenty-eight-year-old . | Louis Philippe had three children with Étiennette , they were raised under the care of the Orléans family : In spite of his liaison with Étiennette , Louis Philippe had several other mistresses until he met , in July 1766 , Charlotte Jeanne Béraud de La Haye de Riou , Madame de Montesson , a witty but married twenty-eight year old . |
As the only son of Louis d'Orléans , Duke of Orléans and his wife Johanna of Baden-Baden , he was titled Duke of Chartres at birth . | As the only son of Louis d'Orléans , Duke of Orléans and his wife Johanna of Baden-Baden . |
The couple was married on 17 December 1743 in the chapel of the Palace of Versailles . | The couple was married on 17 December 1743 at Versailles . |
The morganatic wedding took place on 23 April 1773 `` dans la plus stricte intimité '' . | The morganatic wedding took place on 23 April 1773 . |
He was the father of Philippe Égalité . | Louis Philippe d'Orléans ( 12 May 1725 - 18 November 1785 ) was Duke of Orléans and the father of Philippe Égalité . |
Perth is home to four public universities : the University of Western Australia , Curtin University , Murdoch University , and Edith Cowan University . | Perth is home to four public and one private university . |
Perth was originally founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the administrative center of the Swan River Colony , and gained city status in 1856 ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ) . | Perth was founded in 1829 by Captain James Stirling . |
Author Bill Bryson states that Perth is the most remote city on earth , which he justifies by noting that the population of metropolitan Perth is greater than the combined populations of the rest of Western Australia , the Northern Territory and South Australia , west of Adelaide . | Perth is the capital city of the state of Western Australia . |
He also studied the biochemistry of material processing by plants and enzyme reactions in plant cells . | He also studied the biochemistry of plants , and enzyme reactions in plant cells . |
As early as 1922 , he asserted that : Oparin outlined a way he thought that basic organic chemicals might have formed into microscopic localized systems , from which primitive living things could have developed . | Oparin outlined a way in which basic organic chemicals might form into microscopic localized systems . |
Oparin suggested that different types of coacervates could have formed in the Earth 's primordial ocean and been subject to a selection process that led , eventually , to life . | Oparin suggested that different types might have formed in the Earth 's primordial ocean . |
He showed that many food-production processes were based on biocatalysis and developed the foundations for industrial biochemistry in the USSR . | He developed the foundations for industrial biochemistry in the USSR . |
Alexander Ivanovich Oparin ( Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Опа́рин ; in English , Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin ) ( March 2 ( O.S. February 18 ) 1894 , Uglich , Russia - April 21 , 1980 , Moscow ) was a Soviet biochemist notable for his untested theories about the origin of life , and for his book The Origin of Life . | Alexander Ivanovich Oparin ( Uglich , Russia , 2 March ( O.S. 18 February ) 1894 - Moscow , 21 April 1980 ) was a Soviet biochemist . |
Princess Jasmine ( Arabic : الأميرة ياسمين ) is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures ' 31st animated feature film Aladdin ( 1992 ) . | Princess Jasmine is a fictional character of in the movie Aladdin . |
Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Communist Party ( PCC ) during `` La Violencia '' ( roughly 1948 to 1958 ) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party 's leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán . | Marulanda himself changed his political and ideological inclinations to the Communist Party ( PCC ) sometime during the period of `` La Violencia '' ( roughly 1948 to 1958 ) that followed the assassination of the Liberal Party 's leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán . |
In March 2006 , Alberto Gonzales , the Attorney General of the United States , announced in conjunction with Drug Enforcement Administration and United States Department of Justice officials that the US State Department had placed a $ 5 million reward on Tirofijo 's head , or for information leading to his capture . | In March 2006 , Alberto Gonzales , the Attorney General of the United States , announced in conjunction with DEA and Department of Justice officials that the State Department had placed a $ 5 million dollar reward on Tirofijo 's head , or for information leading to his capture . |
Pedro Antonio Marín Marín ( May 13 , 1930 ( disputed ) - March 26 , 2008 ) , known by his `` nom de guerre '' Manuel Marulanda Vélez , was the main leader of the FARC-EP ( `` Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo '' ) . | He was the main leader of the FARC-EP ( `` Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo '' ) . |
Marulanda was born in a coffee-growing region of west-central Colombia in the Quindío Department , to a peasant family politically aligned with the Liberal Party during conflicts in the 1940s and 1950s . | He was born on May 13 , 1930 ( a date that has been disputed ) , in a coffee-growing region of west-central Colombia in the Quindío Department , to a peasant family politically aligned with the Liberal Party during La Violencia . |
Marulanda died of a heart attack on March 26 , 2008 . | In it , Santos said , that Colombian intelligence agents thought , that Manuel Marulanda had died on the 26th of March 2008 , either of natural causes , or through a heart attack . |
Maamme ( Finnish ) or Vårt land ( Swedish ) ( `` our land '' ) is the title of Finland 's national anthem . | Maamme ( Finnish ) or Vårt land ( Swedish ) is the title of Finland 's national anthem . |
There is no law regarding an official national anthem in Finland , but Maamme is firmly established by convention . | There is no law on an official national anthem in Finland , but Maamme is firmly established by convention . |
The music was composed by the German immigrant Fredrik Pacius , with ( original Swedish ) words by Johan Ludvig Runeberg , and was performed for the first time on 13 May 1848 . | The anthem was composed by German-born composer Fredrik Pacius in 1848 and the lyrics where written by Finnish poet Johan Ludwig Runeberg in Swedish . |
Statistics is the study of the collection , organization , analysis , interpretation and presentation of data . | It enables the collection , analysis , understanding , and presentation of data . |
The simplest shape is the long opening with a pointed arch known in England as the lancet . | The simplest Gothic arch is a long opening with a pointed arch known in England as the lancet . |
York Minster has a group of lancet windows each fifty feet high and still containing ancient glass . | York Cathedral in England has a group of five lancet windows that are 50 feet high and are still full of ancient glass . |
Some of the most beautiful and famous traceried windows of Europe employ this type of tracery . | Some of the most beautiful and famous windows of Europe have this type of tracery . |
In England the most famous examples are the West Window of York Minster with its design based on the Sacred Heart , the extraordinarily rich nine-light East Window at Carlisle Cathedral and the exquisite East window of Selby Abbey . | In England the most famous windows like this are the West Window of York Minster with its design based on the Sacred Heart , the East Window at Carlisle Cathedral and the East window of Selby Abbey . |
Many Gothic openings are based upon the equilateral form . | Many Gothic openings have tops that are based upon an equilateral triangle . |
Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals , abbeys and churches of Europe . | Gothic architecture is best known as the style of many of the great cathedrals , abbeys and churches of Europe . |
In some churches with double aisles , like Notre Dame , Paris , the transept does not project beyond the aisles . | In some churches with double aisles , like Notre Dame , Paris , the transept does not stick out beyond the aisles . |
It can be seen notably at the East End of Gloucester Cathedral where the East Window is said to be as large as a tennis court . | At Gloucester Cathedral the Perpendicular East Window is said to be as large as a tennis court . |
There are three very famous royal chapels and one chapel-like Abbey which show the style at its most elaborate - King 's College Chapel , Cambridge ; St George 's Chapel , Windsor ; Henry VII 's Chapel at Westminster Abbey and Bath Abbey . | There are three very famous large chapels in this style - King 's College Chapel , Cambridge ; St. George 's Chapel at Windsor Castle ; Henry VII 's Chapel at Westminster Abbey . |
In the 13th century St. Francis of Assisi established the Franciscans , or so-called `` Grey Friars '' , a mendicant order . | In the 13th century St. Francis of Assisi started the Franciscans , who were often called the `` Grey Friars '' because of their grey-brown robes . |
It is also the architecture of many castles , palaces , town halls , guild halls , universities and to a less prominent extent , private dwellings . | It is also the architecture of many castles , palaces , town halls , universities , and also some houses . |
The Dominicans , another mendicant order founded during the same period but by St. Dominic in Toulouse and Bologna , were particularly influential in the building of Italy 's Gothic churches . | From them came the Dominicans , founded by St. Dominic in Toulouse and Bologna . |
Prime examples in are in the Lady Chapel at Ely , the Screen at Lincoln and externally on the façade of Exeter Cathedral . | The most famous examples in are in the Lady Chapel at Ely , the Screen at Lincoln and the facade of Exeter Cathedral . |
Salisbury Cathedral is famous for the beauty and simplicity of its Lancet Gothic , known in England as the Early English Style . | Salisbury Cathedral is famous for the beauty of its Lancet Gothic Architecture . |
These simple undecorated grouped windows are found at Chartres and Laon Cathedrals and are used extensively in Italy . | These simple windows are also found at Chartres Cathedral and Laon Cathedral in France . |
The style was much used in England for wall arcading and niches . | In England the Flamboyant style was used wall arcading and niches . |
The nave is generally considerably taller than the aisles , having clerestory windows which light the central space . | The nave is usually a lot taller than the aisles , and has high windows which light up the central space . |
It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel , dedicated to the Virgin Mary . | It is usually square or has a `` Lady Chapel '' , a place to pray to the Virgin Mary , the mother of Jesus . |
Norway came under the influence of England , while the other Scandinavian countries and Poland were influenced by trading contacts with the Hanseatic League . | Norway was influenced by England , while the other Scandinavian countries and Poland were influenced by Germany . |
The Equilateral Arch gives a wide opening of satisfying proportion useful for doorways , decorative arcades and large windows . | The Equilateral Arch has a very pleasing look and gives a wide opening useful for doorways , arcades and big windows . |
In Gothic architecture the pointed arch is used in every location where a vaulted shape is called for , both structural and decorative . | In Gothic Architecture , the pointed arch is used in every place where an arch is needed , both for strength and for decoration . |
Its characteristics include the pointed arch , the ribbed vault and the flying buttress . | The important features of Gothic architecture are the pointed arch , the ribbed vault and the flying buttress , which are explained below . |
Most large Gothic churches and many smaller parish churches are of the Latin cross ( or `` cruciform '' ) plan , with a long nave making the body of the church , a transverse arm called the transept and , beyond it , an extension which may be called the choir , chancel or presbytery . | The long nave makes the body of the church and , crossing it , the arms are called the transept . |
The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations , as the result of different influences and structural requirements . | Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture . |
Rows of pointed arches upon delicate shafts form a typical wall decoration known as blind arcading . | This is known as blind arcading . |
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period . | Gothic architecture is a style of architecture used in Western Europe in the Middle Ages . |
The important categories of building : the cathedral church , the parish church , the monastery , the castle , the palace , the great hall , the gatehouse , the civic building , had been established in the Romanesque period . | The types of buildings were : - the cathedral church , the parish church , the monastery , the castle , the palace , the great hall and the gatehouse . |
They are known as the Five Sisters . | They are called the Five Sisters . |
The style was used to rich and sometimes extraordinary effect in both these countries , notably on the famous pulpit in Vienna Cathedral . | The famous `` pulpit '' in Vienna Cathedral is made like this . |
Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century , Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum ( `` French work '' ) with the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance . | Gothic architecture was at first called `` the French Style '' ( Opus Francigenum ) . |
A notable example is the doorway to the Chapter Room at Rochester Cathedral . | Cologne Cathedral is an example . |
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