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The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems of Asia or geographically the Eastern cultures .
The term Eastern world means very broadly the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems of Eastern Asia or geographically the Eastern Culture .
The concept is often another term for the Far East - a region that bears considerable cultural and religious commonality .
The idea is often another term for the Far East-a region that bears considerable cultural and religious sameness .
This includes the Far East ( comprising Hong Kong , Japan , Macau , Mainland China , Mongolia , North Korea , South Korea , and Taiwan in East Asia , plus Brunei , Cambodia , East Timor , Indonesia , Laos , Malaysia , Myanmar , the Philippines , Singapore , Thailand , and Vietnam in Southeast Asia ) , West Asia ( comprising Armenia , Azerbaijan , Bahrain , Cyprus , Georgia , Iran , Iraq , Israel , Jordan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Oman , Palestine , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Syria , Turkey , the United Arab Emirates , and Yemen in Western Asia or the Middle East ( aka the Near East ) , Central Asia ( comprising Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , and Uzbekistan ) , North Asia ( aka Siberia ) , and South Asia ( mainly the countries on the Indian subcontinent and below , comprising Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Nepal , and Pakistan , plus the British Indian Ocean Territory and the island countries of Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean ) .
This includes the Indian subcontinent ( which is Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Myanmar , Pakistan , Sri Lanka , the Maldives , Nepal and sometimes Afghanistan ) , the Far East ( which is China , Taiwan , Vietnam , Cambodia , Malaysia , Mongolia , Indonesia , Japan , North Korea , South Korea ) , Australasia ( Australia , New Zealand ) .
Christopher Eric Hitchens ( 13 April 1949 - 15 December 2011 ) was a British-American author , polemicist , debater , and journalist .
Christopher Eric Hitchens ( 13 April 1949 - 15 December 2011 ) was an Anglo-American atheist , writer and debater .
Well-known examples are former United States President Ronald Reagan and Irish writer Iris Murdoch , both of whom were the subjects of scientific articles examining how their cognitive capacities deteriorated with the disease .
Some of the famous people who have gotten Alzheimer 's disease are former United States President Ronald Reagan and Irish writer Iris Murdoch , both of whom were the subjects of scientific articles examining how their cognitive capacities got worse with the disease .
In 2006 , there were 26.6 million people worldwide with AD .
In 2007 , there were more than 26.6 million people throughout the world who were affected by AD .
Plaques are made up of small peptides , 39-43 amino acids in length , called beta-amyloid ( Aβ ) .
Beta-amyloid Beta-amyloid ( Aβ ) ( also called ` amyloid beta ' ) plaques start with a protein called amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) .
Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) , also known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease , is the most common form of dementia .
Alzheimer 's Disease is the most common form of senile dementia accounting for up to 70 % of cases .
Bob Hope , KBE , KCSG , KSS , born Leslie Townes Hope ( May 29 , 1903 - July 27 , 2003 ) , was an English-born American comedian , vaudevillian , actor , singer , dancer , author , and athlete who appeared on Broadway , in vaudeville , movies , television , and on the radio .
Leslie Townes Hope ( May 29 , 1903 - July 27 , 2003 ) , better known as Bob Hope , was an American actor , comedian and entertainer .
From September 1939 a more easterly Main Defense Line ( MDL ) was constructed .
From September 1939 a more easterly Main Defense Line ( MDL ) was built .
The Dutch infantry squads were equipped with an organic light machine gun , the M. 20 Lewis machine gun of which about eight thousand were available .
The Dutch infantry squads were equipped with a light machine gun , the M. 20 Lewis machine gun of which about eight thousand were available .
International tensions grew in the late 1930s .
International stress grew in the late 1930s .
Therefore the Belgians decided to withdraw , in the event of an invasion , all their troops to their main defense line , the Albert Canal .
Therefore the Belgians decided to withdraw , in an invasion , all their troops to their main defense line , the Albert Canal .
To repulse an attack , five infantry battalions were positioned at the main ports and airbases , such as The Hague airfield of Ypenburg and the Rotterdam airfield of Waalhaven .
To stop this type of attack , five infantry battalions were put at the main ports and airbases , such as The Hague airfield of Ypenburg and the Rotterdam airfield of Waalhaven .
In that decade , only 1.5 million guilders per annum was spent on equipment .
In that decade , only 1.5 million guilders per year was spent on equipment .
The Dutch Artillery had available a total of 676 howitzers and field guns : 310 Krupp 75 mm field guns , partly produced in licence ; 52 105 mm Bofors howitzers , the only really modern pieces ; 144 obsolete Krupp 125 mm guns ; 40 150 mm sFH13 's ; 72 Krupp 150 mm L\/24 howitzers and 28 Vickers 152 mm L\/15 howitzers .
The Dutch Artillery had 676 howitzers and field guns : 310 Krupp 75 mm field guns ; 52 105 mm Bofors howitzers , the only really modern pieces ; 144 obsolete Krupp 125 mm guns ; 40 150 mm sFH13 's ; 72 Krupp 150 mm L\/24 howitzers and 28 Vickers 152 mm L\/15 howitzers .
Large sums ( almost 900 million guilders ) were spent on defense .
Large amounts of money ( almost 900 million guilders ) were spent on defense .
Crises were caused by the German occupation of the Rhineland in 1936 ; the Anschluss and Sudeten crisis of 1938 ; and the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia and the Italian invasion of Albania in the spring of 1939 .
Countries got concerned by the German occupation of the Rhineland in 1936 ; the Anschluss and Sudeten crisis of 1938 ; and the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia and the Italian invasion of Albania in the spring of 1939 .
The Dutch Infantry used about 2,200 7.92 mm Schwarzlose M. 08 machine guns , partly licence produced , and eight hundred Vickers machine guns .
The Dutch Infantry used about 2,200 7.92 mm Schwarzlose M. 08 machine guns , and eight hundred Vickers machine guns .
Many of these were fitted in the pillboxes ; each battalion had a heavy machine gun company of twelve .
Many of these were in the pillboxes ; each battalion had a heavy machine gun company of twelve .
When Winkelman took over command , he intensified the negotiations , proposing on 21 February that Belgium would man a connecting line with the Peel Raam Position along the Belgian part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart .
When Winkelman took over command , he proposed on 21 February that Belgium would set up a connecting line with the Peel Raam Position along the Belgian part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart .
Dutch border troops were put on greater alert .
Dutch border troops were put on alert .
Until 1938 , those who were enlisted only served for 24 weeks , just enough to receive basic infantry training .
Until 1938 , those who were joined only served for 24 weeks , just enough to receive basic infantry training .
This created a dangerous gap forty kilometres wide .
This created a gap forty kilometres wide .
There were two squadrons of armored cars , each with a dozen Landsverk M36 or M38 vehicles ; another dozen DAF M39 cars were in the process of being taken into service , some still having to be fitted with their main armament .
There were two groups of armored cars , each with a dozen Landsverk M36 or M38 vehicles ; another dozen DAF M39 cars were being prepared .
Total Dutch forces equalled 48 regiments of infantry as well as 22 infantry battalions for strategic border defense .
Total Dutch forces were 48 regiments of infantry as well as 22 infantry battalions for border defense .
The Battle of the Netherlands ( Dutch : Slag om Nederland ) was part of Case Yellow ( German : Fall Gelb ) , the German invasion of the Low Countries ( Belgium , Luxembourg , and the Netherlands ) and France during World War II .
The Battle of the Netherlands ( Dutch : Slag om Nederland ) was part of the German invasion of the Low Countries ( Belgium , Luxembourg , and the Netherlands ) and France during World War II .
Fourth and Second Army Corps were positioned at the Grebbe Line ; Third Army Corps were stationed at the Peel-Raam Position with the Light Division behind it to cover its southern flank .
Fourth and Second Army Corps were put at the Grebbe Line ; Third Army Corps were put at the Peel-Raam Position with the Light Division behind it to cover its southern side .
An attempt in 1940 to procure Soviet armor captured by Finland failed .
An attempt in 1940 to get Soviet armor captured by Finland failed .
But he did not dare to stretch his supply lines that far unless the Belgians and Dutch would take the allied side before the German attack .
But he would not stretch his supply lines that far unless the Belgians and Dutch would take the allied side .
Repeated Belgian requests to reconsider the Orange Position were refused by Winkelman .
Repeated Belgian requests to defend the Orange Position were refused by Winkelman .
These were reinforced by additional AA-guns , two tankettes and twelve of the 24 operational armored cars .
These were given AA-guns , two tankettes and twelve of the 24 operational armored cars .
The latter wanted the army to first offer heavy resistance at the Grebbe Line and Peel Raam Position , and then fall back to the Fortress Holland .
The Government wanted the army to resist at the Grebbe Line and Peel Raam Position , and then fall back to the Fortress Holland .
When both nations refused , Gamelin made it clear that he would occupy a connecting position near Breda .
When both nations refused , Gamelin said he would occupy a position near Breda .
After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the ensuing outbreak of the Second World War , the Netherlands hoped to remain neutral , as they had done during the First World War 25 years earlier .
After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the start of the Second World War , the Netherlands hoped to remain neutral .
On 10 April Britain and France repeated their request that the Dutch enter the war on the side of the Allies , but were again refused .
On 10 April Britain and France requested that the Dutch enter the war on the side of the Allies , they were again refused .
A single platoon of five Carden-Loyd Mark VI tankettes used by the Artillery completed the list of Dutch armor .
A single platoon of five Carden-Loyd Mark VI tankettes was all the armor they had .
It was dug on instigation of the commander of the Field Army Lieutenant-General Jan Joseph Godfried baron van Voorst tot Voorst .
This second defensive position was dug on orders from the commander of the Field Army , Lieutenant-General Jan Joseph Godfried baron van Voorst tot Voorst .
This failed because of insurmountable differences of opinion about the question of which strategy to follow .
This failed because of differences of opinion about which strategy to follow .
The area west of the New Holland Water Line was called Fortress Holland ( Dutch : Vesting Holland ; German : Festung Holland ) , the eastern flank of which was also covered by Lake IJssel and the southern flank protected by the lower course of three broad parallel rivers : two effluents of the Rhine , and the Meuse ( or Maas ) .
The area west of the New Holland Water Line was called Fortress Holland ( Dutch : Vesting Holland ; German : Festung Holland ) .
This Waal-Linge Position was to be reinforced with pillboxes ; the budget for such structures was increased with a hundred million guilders .
This Waal-Linge Position was planned to have pillboxes ; the budget for pillboxes was increased with a hundred million guilders .
During the 1920s , an economic recession lasting from 1920 until 1927 and the general détente in international relations caused a limitation of the defense budget .
During the 1920s , an economic recession lasting from 1920 until 1927 caused limits on the defense budget .
Not only was the Dutch Army poorly equipped ; it was also poorly trained .
The Dutch Army was poorly equipped .
Also , the individual soldier lacked many necessary skills .
Also , soldiers lacked many skills .
Most Dutch infantry were equipped with the Dutch Mannlicher rifle , a variant on the Steyr-Mannlicher M1895 .
Most Dutch infantry were equipped with the Dutch Mannlicher rifle .
He was replaced by General Henry G. Winkelman who decided that in the north the Grebbe Line would be the main defense line where the decisive battle was to be waged , partly because it would there be easier to break out with a counteroffensive if the conditions were favourable .
He was replaced by General Henry G. Winkelman who decided that in the north the Grebbe Line would be where the battle was to be fought , partly because it would be easier to counterattack .
In the south the intention was to delay the Germans as much as possible to cover a French advance .
In the south the goal was to delay the Germans so that the French could advance .
After the German attack on Denmark and Norway in April 1940 , when the Germans used large numbers of airborne troops , the Dutch command became worried about the possibility they too could become the victim of such a strategic assault .
After the German attack on Denmark and Norway in April 1940 , when the Germans used large numbers of airborne troops , the Dutch were worried about a similar attack .
During this period , munition shortages limited live fire training , while unit cohesion remained low .
During this period , munition shortages limited live fire training , and units were not organized .
These specially directed measures were accompanied by more general ones : the Dutch had posted no less than 32 hospital ships throughout the country and fifteen trains to help make troop movements easier .
The Dutch put 32 hospital ships throughout the country and fifteen trains to help make troop movements easier .
On the one hand there was the modern German army with tanks and dive bombers ( such as the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka ) and on the other hand the Dutch army , whose armored forces comprised only 39 armored cars and five tankettes , and an air force for a large part consisting of biplanes .
The modern German army had tanks and dive bombers ( such as the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka ) .
In the 17th century , the Dutch Republic had devised an effective defensive system called The Dutch Water Line , which could protect all major cities in the west by flooding part of the countryside .
In the 17th century , the Dutch Republic had developed a defensive system called The Dutch Water Line .
The strategic position of the Low Countries , located between France and Germany on the uncovered flanks of their fortification lines , made the area a logical route for an offensive by either side .
The position of the Low Countries , between France and Germany made the area a good route for an attack by either side .
From 1932 until 1936 , the Dutch Army did not hold summer field maneuvers in order to conserve military funding .
From 1932 until 1936 , the Dutch Army did not hold summer field exercises to save money .
This weapon had been in service with the Dutch military for over 40 years and its obsolescence had become obvious , but the Dutch military did not have the money to replace it .
This weapon had been used for over 40 years , and it was out of date , but the Dutch military did not have the money to replace it .
The French considered violating the neutrality of the Low Countries if they had not joined the Allies before the planned large Allied offensive in the summer of 1941 .
The French thought about going against the neutrality of the Low Countries if they had not joined the Allies before the planned Allied attack in the summer of 1941 .
When Hitler came to power , the Dutch had begun to re-arm , but more slowly than France or Belgium ; only in 1936 did the defense budget start to be gradually increased .
When Hitler came to power , the Dutch had begun to re-arm , but more slowly than France or Belgium .
All other infantry combat unit troops were raised as light infantry battalions that were dispersed all over the territory to delay enemy movement .
Light infantry battalions were spread all over the country to delay enemy movement .
The Battle of the Netherlands saw one of the first major uses of paratroopers to occupy crucial targets prior to ground troops reaching the area .
The Battle of the Netherlands was one of the first major uses of paratroopers to land near important targets before ground troops reached the area .
Proposals by German diplomats that the Dutch government would secretly assent to an advance into the country were rejected .
Proposals by German diplomats that the Dutch government would accept a German advance into the country were rejected .
On 9 October , Adolf Hitler ordered plans to be made for an invasion of the Low Countries , to use them as a base against Great Britain and to pre-empt a similar attack by the Allied forces , which could threaten the vital Ruhr Area .
On 9 October , Adolf Hitler ordered plans for an invasion of the Low Countries .
After September 1939 , desperate efforts were made to improve the situation , but with very little result .
After September 1939 , the Dutch tried to improve the situation , but with little result .
As antitank-guns 386 Böhler 47 mm L\/39s were available , which were effective weapons but too few in number , being only at a third of the planned strength ; another three hundred antiquated 6 Veld ( 57 mm ) and 8 Staal ( 84 mm ) field guns performed the same role for the covering forces .
There were another three hundred old 6 Veld ( 57 mm ) and 8 Staal ( 84 mm ) field guns .
These events forced the Dutch government to exercise greater vigilance , but they limited their reaction as much as they could .
These events made the Dutch government be more careful , but they limited their reaction as much as they could .
In the early 19th century this line was shifted somewhat to the east , beyond Utrecht , and later modernized with fortresses .
In the early 19th century this line was shifted to the east , beyond Utrecht .
Now the French Commander in Chief General Maurice Gamelin was more than interested in including the Dutch in his continuous front as , like Major-General Bernard Montgomery four years later , he hoped to circle around the Westwall when the Entente launched its planned 1941 offensive .
Now the French Commander in Chief General Maurice Gamelin was more than interested in including the Dutch in his continuous line .
This made it more difficult for the Dutch to coordinate with the Belgians .
This made it more difficult for the Dutch to make arrangements with the Belgians .
First Army Corps was a strategic reserve in the Fortress Holland , the southern perimeter of which was manned by another ten battalions and the eastern by six battalions .
First Army Corps was a reserve in the Fortress Holland , the southern edge of which was protected by another ten battalions and the eastern side by six battalions .
In comparison Belgium , despite a smaller and more aged male population , fielded 22 full divisions and the equivalent of 30 divisions when smaller units were included .
In comparison , Belgium had 22 full divisions and 30 divisions when smaller units were included .
Late in 1939 General Van Voorst tot Voorst , reviving plans he had already worked out in 1937 , proposed to make use of the excellent defensive opportunities these rivers offered .
Late in 1939 General Van Voorst tot Voorst wanted to use the rivers as a defense .
He proposed a shift to a more mobile strategy by fighting a delaying battle at the plausible crossing sites near Arnhem and Gennep to force the German divisions to spend much of their offensive power before they had reached the MDL , and ideally even defeat them .
He proposed a battle at the crossing sites near Arnhem and Gennep to force the German divisions to use a lot of their energy before they had reached the MDL .
Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939 , following the invasion of Poland , but no major land operations occurred in Western Europe during the period known as the Phoney War in the winter of 1939-1940 .
Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939 , following the invasion of Poland .
Despite the Netherlands being the seat of Philips , one of Europe 's largest producers of radio equipment , the Dutch army mostly used telephone connections ; only the Artillery had been equipped with the modest number of 225 radio sets .
Despite the Netherlands having the company of Philips , one of Europe 's largest producers of radio equipment , the Dutch army mostly used telephones .
The battle ended soon after the devastating bombing of Rotterdam by the German Luftwaffe and the subsequent threat by the Germans to bomb other large Dutch cities if Dutch forces refused to surrender .
The battle ended soon after the terrible bombing of Rotterdam by the German Luftwaffe .
He did not approve of a plan by Van Voorst tot Voorst to occupy a so-called `` Orange Position '' on the much shorter line 's - Hertogenbosch - Tilburg , to form a continuous front with the Belgian lines near Turnhout as proposed by Belgian General Raoul van Overstraeten .
He did not approve of a plan by Van Voorst tot Voorst to occupy the `` Orange Position to form a continuous line with the Belgian lines .
In 1939 it was understood such an attitude posed an invitation to invasion and made it impossible to negotiate with the Entente about a common defense .
In 1939 , this attitude made it impossible to negotiate with the Allies about defense .
On 10 May , the most conspicuous deficiency of the Dutch Army lay in its shortage of armor .
On 10 May , the Dutch Army had a shortage of armor .
It proved very difficult to obtain new matériel in wartime , however , especially as the Dutch had ordered some of their new equipment from Germany , which deliberately delayed deliveries .
The Dutch had ordered some equipment from Germany , which delayed deliveries .
In secret , Winkelman decided on 30 March to abandon the Peel-Raam Position immediately at the onset of a German attack and withdraw his Third Army Corps to the Linge to cover the southern flank of the Grebbe Line , leaving only a covering force behind .
Winkelman decided on 30 March to abandon the Peel-Raam Position after a German attack .
During this time , the British and French built up their forces in expectation of a long war , and the Germans completed their conquest of Poland .
During this time , the British and French built up their forces to get ready for a long war , and the Germans occupied Poland .
Reijnders had already been denied full military authority in the defense zones ; the conflict about strategy further undermined his political position .
Reijnders was not given full military authority in the defense zones .
The one abundant source of readily available weaponry , the Soviet Union , was inaccessible because the Dutch , contrary to most other nations , did not recognize the communist regime .
The one source of weapons , the Soviet Union , was not possible because the Dutch did not recognize the communist government .
Reports of the presumed actions of a Fifth Column in Scandinavia caused widespread fears that the Netherlands too had been infiltrated by German agents assisted by traitors .
Reports of the of a Fifth Column ( enemy agents acting in a country ) in Scandinavia caused fears that the Netherlands also had German agents and traitors .
Dutch troops in the province of Zealand continued to resist the Wehrmacht until 17 May when Germany completed its occupation of the whole nation .
Dutch troops in the province of Zealand continued to fight the until 17 May when Germany occupied the whole nation .
The Belgians refused to do this unless the Dutch reinforced their presence in Limburg ; the Dutch had no forces available with which to fulfill this request .
The Dutch had no forces available .
Modern large fortresses like the Belgian stronghold of Eben Emael were nonexistent ; the only modern fortification complex was that at Kornwerderzand , guarding the Afsluitdijk .
Modern large fortresses like the Belgian fortress of Eben Emael did not exist .
In a 20 January 1940 radio speech Winston Churchill tried to convince them not to wait for an inevitable German attack , but to join the Entente cordiale .
In a 20 January 1940 radio speech Winston Churchill tried to get the Dutch to join with the British .
Moreover , a considerable part of the funds were intended for the Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) , much of it related to a plan to build three battle cruisers .
A lot of the defense funds were used for the Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) .
They started to fully prepare for war , both mentally and physically .
They started to prepare for war .
Successive Dutch governments tended to avoid openly identifying Germany as an acute military threat .
Dutch governments did not see Germany as a military threat .
This allowed the ground before the fortifications to be easily inundated with a few feet of water , too shallow for boats , but deep enough to turn the soil into an impassable quagmire .
This allowed it to be flooded with a few feet of water .
On 5 February 1940 he was forced to offer his resignation because of these disagreements with his superiors .
On 5 February 1940 he resigned because of these disagreements with his superiors .
By its own standards the Dutch Army in May 1940 was unfit for battle .
In May 1940 , the Dutch Army was not ready for battle .
The most important measure was a partial mobilisation of 100,000 men in April 1939 .
The most important measure was getting 100,000 men ready to fight in April 1939 .
Given its obvious strategic importance , Belgium , though in principle neutral , had already made quite detailed arrangements for coordination with Entente troops .
Belgium , though it said it was neutral , had made arrangements for working with Allied troops .
There had especially been little experience gained in the handling of larger units above the battalion level .
There was little experience leading forces bigger than the battalion level .
Both the Belgians and Dutch refused , even though the German attack plans had fallen into Belgian hands after a German aircraft crash in January 1940 in what became known as the Mechelen Incident .
Both the Belgians and Dutch refused , even though the German attack plans were learned about in Belgium .
Hendrikus Colijn , prime minister between 1933 and 1939 , was personally convinced Germany would not violate Dutch neutrality ; senior officers made no effort to mobilise public opinion in favor of improving military defense .
Hendrikus Colijn , prime minister between 1933 and 1939 , did not think Germany would go against Dutch neutrality and invade the Netherlands .
The line was located at the extreme eastern edge of the area lying below sea level .
The line was below sea level .
The lack of a trained manpower base , a large professional organization or a sufficient matériel reserve precluded a swift expansion of Dutch forces .
The lack of a trained troops , a large professional organization or good weapons made it hard to make the Dutch forces larger .