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5.27.3 Service Flows
Support for mass distribution of AR content 3.1 The amusement park network slice is 'congested' and there is limited access to premium content. Still, in any case there is 'general content' that has to be delivered to all visitors. This includes public safety announcement, so Dream Park considers the delivery of genera...
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5.27.4 Post-conditions
As a result of support for mass distribution of AR content is delivered to all users in the park efficiently, even though there is very high user density. Different mobile metaverse services are delivered to the user simultaneously, i.e. it is not necessary to deliver only one XR content at the same time. It is therefo...
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5.27.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
The 5G system provides extensive support for mobile broadband communication and multicast and broadcast services. The 5G system provides a means by which resources can be dedicated to multicast and broadcast services, so that these resources are dedicated, and do not diminish when the network is congested. The 5G syste...
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5.27.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.27.6-1] Subject to operator policy, the 5G system shall support mechanisms to expose functionality to a trusted third party to be able to select subscribers to whom mobile metaverse media can be distributed in a resource efficient manner. [PR 5.27.6-2] Subject to operator policy, subject to user consent, the 5G s...
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5.28 Use Case on user identities in a digital asset container
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5.28.1 Description
To ensure a seamless user experience across metaverse services, network operators offer digital asset management services that allow users to certify certain information, such as IDs. These services support multiple user identities, each representing different aspects of the user's life, such as their professional role...
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5.28.2 Pre-conditions
Bank B offers virtual financial services, e.g. avatar-based calls with financial managers, and the deposit and withdrawal of digital money through its virtual banks. Mobile Operator T has established service level agreements with Bank B to provide multimedia communication services for virtual banking. Moreover, T provi...
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5.28.3 Service Flows
1) Shaun registers with T by a UE that has a subscription with T. During his commute, he buys some digital clothes for his avatars in a virtual shop, which are then stored in his digital asset container. 2) Shaun arrives at his office. Having been authenticated by T and bank B, he initials a multimedia session with a c...
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5.28.4 Post-conditions
Shaun is able to access highly confidential information using his updated work ID when he is in the office.
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5.28.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
The functional requirements for user identity are captured in TS 22.101 clause 26a [4].
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5.28.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.28.6-1] The 5G system shall be able to associate information with user identities in the digital asset container for a user. [PR 5.28.6-2] Subject to operator policy, the 5G system shall be able to support users to define conditions (e.g. based on user location information) to restrict the access to, and manageme...
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6 Considerations
The task of determining impacts on regulatory services is difficult, as work on metaverse services is still being defined. Furthermore, regulations and policies related to metaverse services are still being defined in various regions. It is expected that the 5G system will meet regional/national regulatory rules and op...
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7 Consolidated potential requirements and KPIs
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7.1 Consolidated potential requirements
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7.1.1 Localized Mobile Metaverse Service Functionality
Table 7.1.1-1 – Localized Mobile Metaverse Service Functionality Consolidated Requirements CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment [CPR 1.1] Subject to operator policy, the 5G system shall provide a means to define and expose to an authorized third party a spatial anchor, i.e. an association betw...
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7.1.2 Digital representation of users and avatar functionality
Table 7.1.2-1 – Digital representation of users and avatar functionality Consolidated Requirements CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment [CPR 2.1] The 5G system shall support 5G CN to provide real-time feedback in support of conversational XR communication among multiple users simultaneously. N...
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7.1.3 Operational efficiency, exposure, and coordination of mobile metaverse services
Table 7.1.3-1 – Operational efficiency, exposure, and coordination of mobile metaverse services Consolidated Requirements CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment [CPR 3.1] Subject to operator policy, the 5G system shall support a mechanism that enables flexible adjustment of communication service...
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7.1.4 Security and Privacy aspects of mobile metaverse services
Table 7.1.4-1 – Security and Privacy aspects of mobile metaverse services Consolidated Requirements CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment [CPR 4.1] Subject to operator policies, regulatory requirements and user consent, the 5G system shall be able to support mechanisms to expose to a trusted th...
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7.1.5 Digital Asset Management
Table 7.1.5-1 – Digital Asset Management Consolidated Requirements CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment [CPR 5.1] Subject to operator policy, regulatory requirements and user consent, the 5G system shall be able to provide functionality to store digital assets associated with a user, and to re...
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7.1.6 Charging requirements for mobile metaverse services
Table 7.1.6-1 – Consolidated Requirements on charging for mobile metaverse services CPR # Consolidated Potential Requirement Original PR # Comment [CPR 6.1] The 5G system shall be able to collect charging information for the actions related to spatial anchors, where a third party creates, deletes or modifies a spatial ...
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7.2 Consolidated potential KPIs
The 5G system shall support various mobile metaverse services with the following KPIs. NOTE: Unless stated otherwise, the “Max allowed end-to-end latency” refers to the maximum transmission delay expected between a UE and the mobile metaverse server or vice-versa. Use Cases Characteristic parameter (KPI) Influence quan...
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8 Conclusion and recommendations
The present document has analyzed a number of use cases for Mobile Metaverse Services enabled by the 5G system. Clause 7 contains consolidated requirements and KPIs. It is recommended that these be specified in normative specifications. NOTE: The present document will not be revised to align with normative specificatio...
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1 Scope
The present document describes use cases and aspects related to enhancements of the 5G system over satellite, including: • Store and Forward (S&F) Satellite operation for delay-tolerant communication service • UE-Satellite-UE communication • GNSS independent operation • Positioning enhancements for satellite access Pot...
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2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. - References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non‑specific. - For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. - Fo...
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3 Definitions of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1]. direct network connection: one mode of network connection, where there is no relay UE betw...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1]. ISL Inter-Satellite Link NGSO Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit S...
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4 Overview
The present document captures a set of use cases and potential service requirements related to the 5G system with satellite access taking into account new capabilities such as: 1. S&F Satellite operation for delay-tolerant communication services: S&F Satellite operation is an operation mode of a 5G system with satellit...
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5 Use cases
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5.1 Use case on store and forward - MO
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5.1.1 Description
This use case illustrates the realization of a S&F service between a UE with satellite access and an Application Server for a delay-tolerant/non-real-time IoT NTN service in the case of a Mobile Originated message. A description of store and forward operation is provided in Annex A. Company TrackingInc offers a service...
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5.1.2 Pre-conditions
In the present use case, the IoT remote monitoring UE is in a remote area with no ground stations available for feeder link connectivity and the IoT remote monitoring UE is aware that IoTSAT constellation operates in S&F mode.
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5.1.3 Service Flows
The IoT remote monitoring UE needs to send a message to the TrackingInc application server. The UE waits for satellite network coverage and sends its message when the satellite passes by. The IoT remote monitoring UE and the satellite providing coverage interact over the service link, allowing the UE to transfer the me...
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5.1.4 Post-conditions
The message generated by the IoT remote monitoring UE has been either delivered successfully to the TrackingInc application server without relying on a continuous end-to-end network connectivity path between them or, in case the data retention period has been exceeded, the message has been discarded.
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5.1.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
3GPP TS 22.261 [2], clause 6.3.2.3 on satellite access includes the following requirements: The 5G system shall be able to provide services using satellite access. The 5G system with satellite access shall be able to support low power MIoT type of communications. However, it is not sufficient in regards of S&F operatio...
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5.1.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.1.6-001] The 5G system with satellite access shall be able to support store and forward operation. [PR 5.1.6-002] The 5G system with satellite access shall be able to inform a UE that "store and forward" operation is applied. [PR 5.1.6-003] Subject to operator policy, the 5G system with satellite access supportin...
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5.2 Use case on store and forward - MT
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5.2.1 Description
This use case illustrates the realization of a S&F service between a UE with satellite access and an Application Server for a delay-tolerant/non-real-time IoT NTN service in the case of a Mobile Terminated message. A description of store and forward operation is provided in Annex A. Company TrackingInc offers a service...
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5.2.2 Pre-conditions
In the present use case, the IoT remote monitoring UE is in a remote area with no ground stations available for feeder link connectivity and the IoT remote monitoring UE is aware that IoTSAT constellation operates in S&F mode.
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5.2.3 Service Flows
The TrackingInc application server needs to send new parameters to the IoT remote monitoring UE. Based on the information provided by the network, the application server is aware that the communication with UE is in S&F mode. The TrackingInc application server message will send new parameters through dedicated messages...
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5.2.4 Post-conditions
The message generated by the TrackingInc application server has been delivered successfully to the IoT remote monitoring UE without relying on a continuous end-to-end network connectivity path between them.
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5.2.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
3GPP TS 22.261 [2], clause 6.3.2.3 on satellite access includes the following requirements: The 5G system shall be able to provide services using satellite access. The 5G system with satellite access shall be able to support low power MIoT type of communications. However, it is not sufficient in regards of S&F operatio...
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5.2.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.2.6-001] The 5G system with satellite access shall be able to inform a trusted application server whether store and forward operation is applied for communication with a UE. [PR 5.2.6-002] Subject to operator policy, the 5G system with satellite access supporting store and forward operation shall be able to allow...
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5.3 Use case on store and forward - Inter-satellite
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5.3.1 Description
To expand the market of delay-tolerant IoT devices, store and forward operations are necessary to be developed to sustain the user plane data during the feeder link disconnection between the satellite and the terrestrial gateway. Based on the earlier studies [3][4], there are many use cases can be further improved with...
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5.3.2 Pre-conditions
A delay-tolerant device has a subscription with the terrestrial operator TerrA, and it is tagged on one container for tracing and tracking. TerrA has agreement with the satellite operator SatA for satellite access. SatA maintains multiple serving satellites for the satellite access of TerrA’s subscribers all over the w...
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5.3.3 Service Flows
1. The container will be shipped from the Harbour A to the Harbour B across the Pacific. After the cargo ship leaves the Harbour A, the device can send some packets through the satellite access during the shipping time. 2. Due to some reasons, the feeder link between the serving satellite Adam and terrestrial gateway i...
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5.3.4 Post-conditions
Those packets will be finally sent to the application server by the network behind the gateway, e.g. transportation network, core network, internet. And the application will parse some information from the packets.
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5.3.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
3GPP TS 22.261 [2], clause 6.3.2.3 on satellite access includes the following requirements: The 5G system shall be able to provide services using satellite access. The 5G system with satellite access shall be able to support low power MIoT type of communications. However, it is not sufficient in regards of S&F operatio...
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5.3.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR.5.3.6-001] Subject to operator’s policies, a 5G system with satellite access shall be able to store data received from authorized UEs using delay-tolerant communication service while the feeder link is unavailable. [PR.5.3.6-002] Subject to operator’s policies, a 5G system with satellite access shall be able to sup...
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5.4 Use case on store and forward - data transfer for IoT devices in remote areas
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5.4.1 Description
Data transfer at remote sites is a very common requirement. Research institutions can obtain data from remote sites for scientific research, e.g. animal tracking [5]. Government agencies can obtain data from remote sites for disaster mitigation and avoidance, e.g. via remote sensing [6]. Commercial companies can obtain...
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5.4.2 Pre-conditions
EA Science Center has installed sensors (IoT devices) on the animals to collect information for environmental protection purposes in these remote areas. Satelles, the satellite communication operator, has launched the Store & Forward Satellite operation to support the data transferring for the remote areas. EA Science ...
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5.4.3 Service Flows
Figure 5.4.3-1: Animal tracking in the remote areas 1. The IoT devices are installed on animals and powered on, they are registered with the 5G network for the Store & Forward Satellite operation. The satellite with the store and forward function enables the IoT devices to transfer data to the network, even when the fe...
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5.4.4 Post-conditions
After the scientific centre receives the sensor status information, the scientists can analyse the sensor status information, and track the status of the animals.
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5.4.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
None.
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5.4.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.4.6-001] The 5G system with satellite access shall support mechanisms to store user data, received from UEs via satellite access, on the satellite and forward it when feeder link between the satellite and the ground segment is available. [PR 5.4.6-002] The 5G system with satellite access shall support mechanisms ...
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5.5.1 Description
Satellite access networks are designed to ensure ubiquitous coverage and availability to any users with communication need. Beyond wide coverage capabilities, satellite connectivity can add flexibility to the network topology by providing an alternative route through satellite when terrestrial link is unavailable. The ...
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5.5.2 Pre-conditions
All UEs of the Team capable of satellite access are the subscribers of TerrA in RemArea. LocArea has no terrestrial network but covered by satellite-enabled NR-RAN (e.g. LEO) of Satellite Operator SatA. SatA has an agreement with TerrA to provide 5G network services with the flexible network configuration of satellite ...
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5.5.3 Service Flows
Once the explorers settle down in Scientific Research Station, LocDC is provisioned and authorized to connect to 5G core network of TerrA through satellite or ground gateway regarding the management policy agreed by SatA and TerrA. All UEs of the Team are enabled the corresponding services in LocArea regarding the devi...
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5.5.4 Post-conditions
Local satellite access network of SatA will be routed to LocDC for data exchange when LocDC is in service. All the data is successfully transferred between UEs and LocDC, UE and RemDC, LocDC and RemDC.
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5.5.5 Existing features partly or fully covering use case functionality
Regarding TS 22.261 [2], satellite access and satellite connectivity are supported in Rel-18, as The 5G system shall be able to provide services using satellite access. UEs supporting satellite access shall support optimized network selection and reselection to PLMNs with satellite access, based on home operator policy...
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5.5.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.5.6-001] Subject to regulatory requirements and operator’s policies, the 5G system with satellite access shall be able to support an efficient communication path and resource utilization for a UE using only satellites access, e.g. to minimize the latencies introduced by satellite links involved. [PR 5.5.6-002] Su...
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5.6 Use case on Information Exchange between Ships at sea
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5.6.1 Description
Information exchange in the maritime industry is very important [10] [11]. Information exchange allows for better coordination between ships, which is required regardless of the purpose for which ships are sailing. An effective information exchange system can better coordinate the ships and improve the safety of ships,...
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5.6.2 Pre-conditions
MinosShipping, the shipping company, has many ships operating all over the world. MinosShipping signs a contract with Delphi, an operator with satellite communication services. Delphi has deployed NGSO satellites, which allows communication between ships via satellite without going through the ground network, that is, ...
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5.6.3 Service Flows
Figure 5.6.3-1: communication via the same satellite without going through the ground network 1. Device A on ship #1 register with the 5G network via satellite, and device B on ship #2 (small) also register with the 5G network via satellite. The devices A and B can communicate with each other via the 5G network. 2. Whe...
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5.6.4 Post-conditions
The ship #1 and the ship #2 can exchange information efficiently without data traffic transferred via the remote core network.
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5.6.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
None.
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5.6.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.6.6-001] The 5G system shall support mechanisms to authorize the communication between UEs using satellite access (without going through the ground network) based on e.g., location information and subscription. [PR 5.6.6-002] The 5G system shall support mechanisms to collect charging information for the traffic d...
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5.7.1 Description
Known as the "Lung of the Earth", the Amazon Rainforest locates in the the Amazon Basin of South America, with a total area of 700 million hectares, spanning eight countries, and is the largest and most diverse tropical rainforest in the world. Although the Amazon rainforest is known as a paradise for animals and plant...
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5.7.2 Pre-conditions
Ed is an explorer from Country A, and his phone has a subscription with the terrestrial operator TerrA. Bell is a rescuer working in the Amazon Rainforest, and his phone has a subscription with the terrestrial operator TerrB. TerrA has roaming agreement with TerrB and TerrB has agreements with the satellite operator Sa...
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5.7.3 Service Flows
1. Ed is hiking along the planned route in the Amazon Rainforest, with good connection to ground network through satellite access. 2. Suddenly, Ed is knocked by a piece of deadwood and his left arm is wounded. 3. Ed can not go on his ride with poor medical measures, so he dials the rescue phone number for help. 4. Base...
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5.7.4 Post-conditions
Bell runs towards to Ed as soon as possible and keeps talking to him, finally Ed is saved.
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5.7.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
3GPP TS 22.261 [2], clause 6.1.2.1 on network slice includes the following requirements: The serving 5G network shall support providing connectivity to home and roaming users in the same network slice. The 5G system shall be able to support IMS as part of a network slice. clause 6.2.4 includes roaming related requireme...
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5.7.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.7.6-001] Subject to regulatory requirements and operator’s policy, the 5G system with satellite access shall support providing connectivity between UEs without going through the ground network regardless if they are registered in the HPLMN or a VPLMN. [PR 5.7.6-002] The 5G system with satellite access shall suppo...
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5.8.1 Description
The behaviours and trace of wild animals are the evidence of nature science. Researchers often use camouflage cameras blending in with their surroundings to observe wild animals. Meanwhile, researchers need to stay far enough away from the wild animals in order not to disturb their normal behaviour. African savannah is...
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5.8.2 Pre-conditions
There is no terrestrial network in the African savannah, but it is covered and served by the satellites owned by Satellite Operator SatA. TerA which is a terrestrial network operator contracts with SatA to allow communication services between devices in the African savannah via satellite. That is, devices can communica...
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5.8.3 Service Flows
1. One camera detects an injured lion, then it sends a notification to Emily’s phone via a satellite. 2. After receiving the notification, Emily opens the “Cam” App on her phone to watch the live video captured by the camera. The video stream from the camera to Emily’s phone is routed through the satellite. 3. By watch...
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5.8.4 Post-conditions
Emily can watch real-time video with lower resolution from the camera and keep the call with Vincent at the same time. Both the video stream and voice call can be routed through the same satellite without being transmitted to the remote core network.
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5.8.5 Existing features partly or fully covering use case functionality
There are a few related requirements specified in 3GPP TS 22.261 [2], which have been described as: The 5G system shall be able to support E2E (e.g. UE to UE) QoS for a service. NOTE 2: E2E QoS needs to consider QoS in the access networks, backhaul, core network, and network to network interconnect. For a 5G system wit...
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5.8.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.8.6-001] Subject to regulatory requirements and operator’s policy, the 5G system with satellite access shall be able to provide a mechanism for QoS control of the communication between UEs using satellite access without going through the ground network. [PR 5.8.6-002] Subject to regulatory requirements and operat...
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5.9.1 Description
Network deployment in sparsely populated areas has been a major concern worldwide due to numerous challenges like affordability, infrastructure unavailability, and landscape or topographic conditions. Satellite connectivity can help to serve such areas. However, satellite access may not suffice in all scenarios (for lo...
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5.9.2 Pre-conditions
There is satellite access coverage but no terrestrial access network deployed in a sparsely populated area. However, satellite access does not suffice and the service provider needs to augment it with the terrestrial network. Hence, the service provider can conduct some tests to understand the network deployment and pl...
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5.9.3 Service Flows
A village called Sittlingi has no terrestrial connectivity and residents of this village have to travel a few kilometres to a nearby village office for internet connectivity. Incidentally, this village is covered by satellite access from the service provider TTech Inc. The population in this village is not uniformly di...
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5.9.4 Post-conditions
Service provider TTech is not required to perform some other kind of survey to identify the requirements. The provider utilizes existing 3GPP procedures to get information on usage statistics and location (using 5GS Satellite access) for terrestrial access network planning using optimum resources.
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5.9.5 Existing features partly or fully covering the use case functionality
• Relay UE/ relay node (TR 38.821 [12], TS 22.261[2]) supports terrestrial connectivity to UEs on one end and connects to non-terrestrial access network on the other. The 5G system shall support connectivity using satellite access. (TS 22.261 [2]) • To collect UE specific measurements using control plane architecture, ...
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5.9.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.9.6-001] Subject to regulatory requirements and operator’s policies, the 5G system with satellite access shall be able to support collection of information on usage statistics and location of the UEs that are connected to the satellite, for network (e.g. terrestrial) planning.
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5.10 Use case on vehicle fleet management in the desert
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5.10.1 Description
With the help of the construction of the transportation infrastructure, communication and information infrastructure, the modern logistics can deliver the goods to almost any corner of the world in a fast and reliable manner. Fleet management is a critical part of the logistics industry [13], which is being changed by ...
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5.10.2 Pre-conditions
The logistic company ExpressX provides transportation services all over the world and well known for long distance transport. NetX, a mobile network operator has signed the contract with ExpressX to offer 5G communication service for all the vehicles and the staff, and promise the full coverage along all their transpor...
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5.10.3 Service Flows
1. UE1, held by the fleet team leader is registered to NetX core network via terrestrial access network at departure. 2. The Device#2 and on-vehicle device Device#3 are registered to NetX network when the transport starts, and keep reporting the vehicle’s status and the driver’s behaviours to remote management platform...
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5.10.4 Post-conditions
UE1 can exchange data with Device#2 and Device#3, to obtain the vehicle status and driver’s information in real-time, and issue the action commands and distribute the route adjustment information in time.
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5.10.5 Existing features partly or fully covering use case functionality
SA1 has performed several studies on connectivity models and satellite access. As a result, the associated service requirements are introduced to TS 22.261 [2]. Clause 6.9.1 describes the connectivity models as The UE (remote UE) can connect to the network directly (direct network connection), connect using another UE ...
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5.10.6 Potential New Requirements needed to support the use case
[PR 5.10.6-001] Subject to regulatory requirements and operator’s policy, the 5G system with satellite access shall support mechanisms to authorize a remote UE to use UE-Satellite-UE communication via a relay UE (using satellite access). NOTE 1: It is assumed that the 5G system with satellite access is authorized to as...
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5.11.1 Description
Satellite network has been introduced to 5G system to improve the service availability and reliability since 3GPP Rel-15. In parallel, various UE models with different capabilities (e.g. eMTC UE, CPE) are defined to serve the vertical needs. How to facilitate different types of UEs to benefit from satellite network is ...
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5.11.2 Pre-conditions
It is assumed that network operator has deployed NGSO (e.g. LEO) satellite enabled NG-RAN to provide 5G network PLMN#X in the area Area#A, where have sparse population and no coverage of terrestrial access network as a result. All UEs support 5G satellite RATs but with different subscription, positioning capabilities a...
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5.11.3 Service Flows
1. All UEs are registering to PLMN_X to get services. 2. The network will provide the available services to authorized UEs considering UE’s location, the subscription and etc.: • UE1: the network can determine UE’s location based on 3GPP positioning technologies, so it allows all the subscribed services after the locat...
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5.11.4 Post-conditions
All UEs can successfully register to PLMN_X and get services based on the subscription, the regulatory requirements, the roaming agreement and the operator’s policy.
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5.11.5 Existing features partly or fully covering use case functionality
SA1 has introduced several requirements about satellite access in TS 22.261[2]. Clause 6.3.2.3 describes basic requirements about satellite access for 5G system and UE. The 5G system shall be able to provide services using satellite access. A UE supporting satellite access shall be able to provide or assist in providin...