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7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Aging of accounts is the practice of counting the days, generally in ____ increments, from the time a bill has been sent to the payer to the current day. [Answer]
30-day
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Most facilities begin counting days in accounts receivable at which of the following times [Answer]
The date the bill drops
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] The difference between what is charged and what is paid is known as: [Answer]
Contractual allowance
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] of the following is not a function area of the revenue cycle? [Answer]
Volunteer services
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Which entity is responsible for processing Part A claims and hospital-based Part B claims for institutional services on behalf of Medicare? [Answer]
Fiscal Intermediary
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Which of the following is not used to reconcile accounts in the patient accounting department? [Answer]
Medicare Code Editor
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] What targets should be the focus of pay-for-performance or value-based purchasing systems? [Answer]
for which valid and reliable performance measures are available
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Which of the following situations would be included in a penalty-based model of pay-for- performance? [Answer]
Compensation withheld for lack of improvement
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Which of the following entities sponsor value-based purchasing or pay-for-performance systems? [Answer]
CMS, Employers, Health Plans. All of the above
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] How do organizations control costs indirectly [Answer]
Reduce errors
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Why are incremental implementations of pay-for-performance systems preferable to full-scale implementations? [Answer]
Sponsors can evaluate policies and procedures
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] In value-based purchasing and pay-for-performance systems, characteristics of adopted performance measures should include all the following except: [Answer]
Authoritarian
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Which of the following incentives is non-financial? [Answer]
Public report cards
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] In order for P4P and VBP systems to function properly, the system must be able to identify the clinician who provided the care and is responsible for the care’s quality. In P4P and VBP, this process is known as: [Answer]
Attribution
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] The Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (MIEA-TEHCA) expanded CMS quality initiatives to which two setting? [Answer]
Hospital outpatient departments and Ambulatory Surgical Centers
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Which condition is not included on the Hospital Acquired Conditions provision list for FY 2009? [Answer]
Staphylococcus infections
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
7f0e4ea9_ards_about_Reimbursement_Final__Answer
[Question] Which piece of legislation initiated the reporting of the RHQDAPU program? [Answer]
Medicare Modernization Act
[]
Flashcards about Reimbursement Final
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-606074
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00008-ip-10-236-191-2_715580459_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] injecting semen into the uterus by artificial means [Term]
Artificial Insemination
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment [Term]
Conservation
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] The act of creating the universe or the universe which has been created [Term]
Creation
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] A fertilised egg in the first 8 weeks after conception [Term]
Embryo
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] The surroundings in which plants and animals live and on which they depend to live [Term]
Environment
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] the increase in the temperature of Earth's atmosphere (thought to be caused by the greenhouse effect) [Term]
Global Warming
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] Not being able to have children [Term]
Infertility
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] the method of fertilising a human egg in a test tube [Term]
In-vitro fertilisation
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] Naturally occurring materials, such as oil and fertile land, which can be used by humans [Term]
Natural Resources
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] Giving organs to be used in transplant surgery [Term]
Organ donation
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] Looking after something so it can be passed on to the next generation [Term]
Stewardship
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0cd0c0ce_ards_about_Edexcel_GCSE_RE_8_2__Term
[Definition] An arrangement whereby a woman bears a child on behalf of another woman [Term]
Surrogacy
[]
Flashcards about Edexcel GCSE RE 8.2
Term
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1321553
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00142-ip-10-236-191-2_740908165_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] decrease in cell size [Question]
Atrophy
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] atrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia [Question]
Most significant adaptive changes in cells include...
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] increase in number of cells [Question]
hyperplasia
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] reversible replacementof one mature cell type by another less mature cell type [Question]
metaplasia
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] considerred a true adaptation, but an atypical hyperplasia [Question]
dysplasia (deranged cellular growth) is not ...........
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] decrease in workload [Question]
Etiology of pathologic atrophy
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Occurs in early development. e.g. thymus gland in childhood. [Question]
Etiology of Physiologic atrophy
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] part of muscle fiber which causes muscle contraction [Question]
myofilaments
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] self-eating process creating autophagic vacuoles [Question]
autophagy
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] membrane bound vesicles within the cell that contain cellular debris - small fragments of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum-and hydrolytic enzymes. [Question]
autophagic vacuoles
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Increase in the size of the cell [Question]
Hypertrophy
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] increase in accumulationj of protien in the cellular components, not cellular fluid. [Question]
Hypertrophy is associated with....
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Pathologic [Question]
WOuld hypertrophy in the heart secondary to HTN be pathologic of physiologic?
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Heart and striated muscles as they cannot react by mitotic division and production of new cells to share the work. [Question]
Where does hypertrophy appear as an adaptive response
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] skeletal muscle in relation to heavy work [Question]
physiologic hypertrophy occurs where
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide (causes salt secretion by kidney, decreasing blood volume and pressure, and reducing hemodynamic load. [Question]
Cardiac hypertrophy causes what peptide to be re-introduced?
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Allows certain organs to regenerate [Question]
COmpensatory hyperplasia
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] nerve cells, lens cells of the eye, skeletal muscle cells, myocardial cells [Question]
Which cells do not regenerate?
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] a lack of oxygen (hypoxia), free radicals, caustic or toxic chemicals, infectious agents, unintentional and intentional injury, inflammatory and immune responses, genetic factors, insufficient nutrients, or physical trauma from many causes. [Question]
Cellular injury is caused by
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] General sense of fatigue and malaise A loss of well being Altered appetite fever increased heart rate increase in leukocytes (because of infection) pain presence of cellular enzymes lactate dehydrogenase creatine kinase aspartate aminotransfe [Question]
List the manifestations of cellular injury.
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] necrosis and apoptosis [Question]
What are the 2 main types of cell death?
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Necrosis is the sum of the changes after local cell death and includes the processes of inflammation and cellular lysis. [Question]
Necrosis
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, and fat. Different types of necrosis occur in different tissues [Question]
The 4 major types of necrosis are:
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] the dense clumping and disruption of genetic material and the disruption of the plasma and organelle membranes. [Question]
What are the structural signs that indicate irreversible injury and progression to necrosis?
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] tissue necrosis caused by hypoxia and subsequent bacterial invasion. [Question]
Gangrene necrosis/gangrene
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] a different type of cellular death, is a process of selective cellular self-destruction called programmed cell death. [Question]
Apoptosis
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Body fluids are distributed among functional compartments and are classified as ICF or ECF [Question]
Describe the water distribution in the human body. x 6
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] The sum of all fluids is the TBW, which varies with age and amount of body fat. [Question]
The sum of all fluids is...
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Water moves between the ICF and ECF compartments principally by osmosis. [Question]
Water moves b/w the ___ and ___ compartments principally by _________.
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Water moves between the plasma and interstitial fluid by osmosis and hydrostatic pressure, which occur across the capillary membrane. [Question]
How does water move b/w the plasma and interstitial fluid?
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Movement across the capillary wall is called net filtration and is described according to the Starling law. [Question]
What is movement across the capillary wall called and how is it described?
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Edema is a problem of fluid distribution that results in accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces. [Question]
What is edema?
[]
Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] caused by arterial dilation, venous or lymphatic obstruction, loss of plasma proteins, increased capillary permeability, and increased vascular volume [Question]
What is edema caused by?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] related to an increase in forces favoring fluid filtration from the capillaries or lymphatic channels into the tissues [Question]
The pathophysiologic process that leads to edema is related to...
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] localized or generalized and usually is associated with weight gain, swelling and puffiness, tighter-fitting clothes and shoes, and limited movement of the affected area. [Question]
The pathophysiologic process that leads to edema may be
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Alterations in water balance may be classified as isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. [Question]
How are alterations in water balance classified?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Isotonic alterations occur when changes in TBW are accompanied by proportional changes in electrolytes. [Question]
When do isotonic alterations occur?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Hypertonic alterations develop when the osmolality of the ECF is elevated above normal, usually because of an increased concentration of ECF sodium or a deficit of ECF water. [Question]
When do hypertonic alterations develop?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Water deficit, or hypertonic dehydration, is rare but can be caused by lack of access to water, pure water losses, hyperventilation, arid climates, or increased renal clearance. [Question]
What may be the cause of water deficit?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Hyperchloremia is caused by an excess of sodium or a deficit of bicarbonate. [Question]
Discuss the etiology and clinical manifestations of hyperchloremia
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] (sodium levels >147 mEq/L) may be caused by an acute increase in sodium or a loss of water. [Question]
Discuss the etiology and clinical manifestations of hypernatremia
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] (serum sodium concentration <135 mEq/L) usually causes movement of water into cells. [Question]
Discuss the etiology and clinical manifestations of Hyponatremia
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] caused by sodium loss, inadequate sodium intake, or dilution of the body’s sodium level. [Question]
What is hyponatremia caused by?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] rare but can be caused by compulsive water drinking, decreased urine formation, or the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH. [Question]
Water excess
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] an increase in noncarbonic acids or loss of bicarbonate from the extracellular fluid. [Question]
causes of metabolic acidosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] HA, lethargy, coma, Kussmaul respirations, anorexia, n/v, diarrhea, abd discomfort, [Question]
clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] disrythmias, hypotension, death [Question]
S/S of severe metabolic acidosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] an increase in bicarbonate usually caused by loss of metabolic acids from conditions such as vomiting, gastrointestinal suctioning, excessive bicarbonate intake, hyperaldosteronism, and diuretic therapy [Question]
Causes of metabolic acidosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] muscle cramps, hyperactive reflexes r/t volume depletion, weakness, parasthesas, numbness/tingling of fingertips & perioral area, tetany, seizures; Slow, shallow respirations= + CO2 = confusion, convulsions [Question]
Clinical manifestations of Metabolic alkalosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] atrial tachycardia, dysrhythmias [Question]
S/S of severe Metabolic alkalosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] occurs with alveolar hyperventilation and excessive reduction of carbon dioxide, or hypocapnia [Question]
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] dizziness, confusion, tingling of extremities, convulsions, coma, carpopedal spasm, tachypnea [Question]
Clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] decrease of alveolar ventilation and an increase in levels of carbon dioxide, which in turn causes hypercapnia. [Question]
Causes of respiratory acidosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] HA, restlessness, blurred vision, apprehension. Respiratory rate is initially rapid and gradually becomes depressed. [Question]
Initial s/s of respiratory acidosis
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Lethargy, muscle twitching, tremors, convulsions, coma [Question]
initial s/s of respiratory acidosis are followed by...
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Innate immunity includes natural barriers and inflammation. [Question]
List the human defense mechanisms
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers at the body's surface [Question]
Natural barriers include...
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] skin and mucous membranes [Question]
Name the physical and mechanical barriers as the first lines of defense
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] Antibacterial peptides in mucous secretions, perspiration, saliva, tears, and other secretions [Question]
Name biochemical barriers as first lines of defense against invading pathogens
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] two classes of antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells. [Question]
What role do Cathelicidins and defensins play in the first line of defense?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] provide protection by inhibiting colonization by pathogens and by releasing chemicals that prevent infection. [Question]
How do normal bacterial flora fit into the first line of defense?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] no [Question]
Does inflammation have memory cells?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and white blood cell adherence to inner vessel walls and their migration through vessel walls. [Question]
What does the vascular response in acute inflammation include?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] complement system, clotting system, kinin system [Question]
What are the 3 plasma protien systems which provide a biochemical barrier against invading pathogens in the circulation?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-817617
1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway. [Question]
What 3 pathways can the complement proteins be activated in?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] opsonization, activation of anaphylatoxins, cell lysis, and leukocyte chemotaxis. [Question]
Activation of the complement pathways results in .....
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] spread of microorganisms, contains microorganisms and foreign bodies at site of greatest inflammatory cell activity, and provides a framework for repair and healing. [Question]
The clotting cascade (coagulation) prevents...
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] vasodilation and increased capillary permeability and induce pain. [Question]
What do the kinin system proteins promote?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] activate the clotting cascade, the complement system, and the kinin proteins. [Question]
Plasmin and Hageman factor (factor XII) interact to....
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json
0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] carboxypeptidase, histaminases, kinases, and C1 esterase inhibitor. [Question]
What are some of the inhibitors in the plasma proteins?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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0538f947_ashcards_about_Patho_for_PC_1A__Question
[Answer] mast cells, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, eosinophils, NK cells, platelets, and nonleukocytic cells. [Question]
What are the types of cells involved in the inflammatory process?
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Flashcards about Patho for PC 1A
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1/1438042987127.36_20150728002307-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_727043756_3.json