id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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570d972b16d0071400510b95 | What small errors caused large errors in shell fall height and the time until exploding? | small errors in distance | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nService trials demonstrated another problem however: that ranging and tracking the new high-speed targets was almost impossible. At short range, the apparent target area is relatively large, the trajectory is flat and the time of flight is short, allowing to correct lead by watching the tr... |
570d9860df2f5219002ecffa | In the 1920s, which company developed the automatic 20 mm? | Rheinmetall | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nRheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke an... |
570d9860df2f5219002ecffb | Which Switzerland company obtained the patent for an automatic 20 mm gun during the first World War? | Oerlikon | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nRheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke an... |
570d9860df2f5219002ecffc | Which company redesigned the rapid fire 2 cm FlaK 30? | Mauser-Werke | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nRheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke an... |
570d9860df2f5219002ecffd | What did Germany add to the 20 mm to make it more effective? | a 3.7 cm | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nRheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke an... |
570d9860df2f5219002ecffe | When was the first 3.7 cm FlaK 18 introduced? | 1935 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nRheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke an... |
570d98dddf2f5219002ed004 | What were the large blockhouses called that the Germans developed? | Hochbunker "High Bunkers" | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe Germans developed massive reinforced concrete blockhouses, some more than six stories high, which were known as Hochbunker \"High Bunkers\" or \"Flaktürme\" flak towers, on which they placed anti-aircraft artillery. Those in cities attacked by the Allied land forces became fortresses. ... |
570d98dddf2f5219002ed005 | Another name for the High Bunkers was what? | "Flaktürme" flak towers | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe Germans developed massive reinforced concrete blockhouses, some more than six stories high, which were known as Hochbunker \"High Bunkers\" or \"Flaktürme\" flak towers, on which they placed anti-aircraft artillery. Those in cities attacked by the Allied land forces became fortresses. ... |
570d98dddf2f5219002ed006 | What was placed on the blockhouses by the Germans? | anti-aircraft artillery | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe Germans developed massive reinforced concrete blockhouses, some more than six stories high, which were known as Hochbunker \"High Bunkers\" or \"Flaktürme\" flak towers, on which they placed anti-aircraft artillery. Those in cities attacked by the Allied land forces became fortresses. ... |
570d98dddf2f5219002ed007 | What city had some of the last buildings to fall in 1945? | Berlin | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe Germans developed massive reinforced concrete blockhouses, some more than six stories high, which were known as Hochbunker \"High Bunkers\" or \"Flaktürme\" flak towers, on which they placed anti-aircraft artillery. Those in cities attacked by the Allied land forces became fortresses. ... |
570d98dddf2f5219002ed008 | What structure did the British build in the North Sea? | Maunsell Forts | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe Germans developed massive reinforced concrete blockhouses, some more than six stories high, which were known as Hochbunker \"High Bunkers\" or \"Flaktürme\" flak towers, on which they placed anti-aircraft artillery. Those in cities attacked by the Allied land forces became fortresses. ... |
570d999c16d0071400510bbf | Which military set up a large air defence network surrounding its larger cities? | the U.S. Army | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweepe... |
570d999c16d0071400510bc0 | What US system was created in the 1950s that included radar and computers? | the 75 mm Skysweeper system | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweepe... |
570d999c16d0071400510bc1 | The Skysweeper replaced the small guns that the Army was using, including which one? | the 40 mm Bofors | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweepe... |
570d999c16d0071400510bc2 | What does NADGE stand for? | NATO Air Defence Ground Environment | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweepe... |
570d999c16d0071400510bc3 | What did NADGE become? | the NATO Integrated Air Defence System | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweepe... |
570d9a31df2f5219002ed00e | What was the name of the mechanical computer that used automation? | the Kerrison Predictor | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the p... |
570d9a31df2f5219002ed00f | What did the Predictor calculate after it was pointed at a target? | the proper aim point automatically | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the p... |
570d9a31df2f5219002ed010 | How did the Predictor display the information needed? | as a pointer mounted on the gun | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the p... |
570d9a31df2f5219002ed011 | What two things did the operators of the gun have to do? | followed the pointer and loaded the shells | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the p... |
570d9a31df2f5219002ed012 | What other country designed similar systems to the Predictor? | Germany | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the p... |
570d9b3e16d0071400510bd3 | What did the muzzle flashes of the firearms used by the infantry reveal? | infantry positions | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAlthough the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limi... |
570d9b3e16d0071400510bd4 | Along with speed of the modern jet, what else limits target opportunities? | altitude | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAlthough the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limi... |
570d9b3e16d0071400510bd5 | Heavier artillery systems were typically used for what? | most anti-aircraft gunnery | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAlthough the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limi... |
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed022 | Rocket research began prior to which war in some countries? | World War II | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nSome nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to ... |
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed023 | What unguided missile systems was fitted to warships? | the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nSome nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to ... |
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed024 | When did the Bethnal Green disaster occur? | 1943 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nSome nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to ... |
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed025 | What was the US military's counterpart to the British Stooge to counter the attacks by Kamikazes? | American Lark | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nSome nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to ... |
570d9bebdf2f5219002ed026 | Which country's research was ahead of all other countries for missiles? | Germans missile research | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nSome nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to ... |
570d9ca3df2f5219002ed036 | Which weapon caused a major shift in anti-aircraft strategy? | guided missile | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe introduction of the guided missile resulted in a significant shift in anti-aircraft strategy. Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II. Following several years of post-war development, however, these sys... |
570d9ca3df2f5219002ed037 | Which company wanted to introduce missile systems during the second World War but was not successful? | Germany | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe introduction of the guided missile resulted in a significant shift in anti-aircraft strategy. Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II. Following several years of post-war development, however, these sys... |
570d9ca3df2f5219002ed038 | What missile did the United States upgrade their defences with? | the Nike Ajax missile | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe introduction of the guided missile resulted in a significant shift in anti-aircraft strategy. Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II. Following several years of post-war development, however, these sys... |
570d9ca3df2f5219002ed039 | The introduction of the Nike Ajax missile caused what to disappear? | the larger anti-aircraft guns | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe introduction of the guided missile resulted in a significant shift in anti-aircraft strategy. Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II. Following several years of post-war development, however, these sys... |
570d9ca3df2f5219002ed03a | The introduction of what caused the larger anti-aircraft guns to disappear in the USSR? | SA-2 Guideline systems | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe introduction of the guided missile resulted in a significant shift in anti-aircraft strategy. Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II. Following several years of post-war development, however, these sys... |
570d9d71df2f5219002ed046 | Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found? | the railgun | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,... |
570d9d71df2f5219002ed047 | Testing is being done on weapons to create as much damage as what missile at a much lower cost? | a Tomahawk | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,... |
570d9d71df2f5219002ed048 | When did the United States Navy test a railgun? | February 2008 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,... |
570d9d71df2f5219002ed049 | How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun? | 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,... |
570d9d71df2f5219002ed04a | When is the railgun expected to be ready? | 2020 to 2025 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,... |
570d9efadf2f5219002ed06a | What are two types of fuses used for shells? | barometric, time-delay, or proximity | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe ammunition and shells fired by these weapons are usually fitted with different types of fuses (barometric, time-delay, or proximity) to explode close to the airborne target, releasing a shower of fast metal fragments. For shorter-range work, a lighter weapon with a higher rate of fire ... |
570d9efadf2f5219002ed06b | At shorter ranges a light weapon with what is used on fast targets? | a higher rate of fire | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe ammunition and shells fired by these weapons are usually fitted with different types of fuses (barometric, time-delay, or proximity) to explode close to the airborne target, releasing a shower of fast metal fragments. For shorter-range work, a lighter weapon with a higher rate of fire ... |
570d9efadf2f5219002ed06c | What size of weapon calibers are better hitting at short range fast targets? | between 20 mm and 40 mm caliber | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe ammunition and shells fired by these weapons are usually fitted with different types of fuses (barometric, time-delay, or proximity) to explode close to the airborne target, releasing a shower of fast metal fragments. For shorter-range work, a lighter weapon with a higher rate of fire ... |
570d9efadf2f5219002ed06d | Smaller .50 caliber and 8 millimeter guns have been used in what? | smallest mounts | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThe ammunition and shells fired by these weapons are usually fitted with different types of fuses (barometric, time-delay, or proximity) to explode close to the airborne target, releasing a shower of fast metal fragments. For shorter-range work, a lighter weapon with a higher rate of fire ... |
570da01f16d0071400510c0d | Air defence in such places as a carrier group are built around what? | a system of concentric layers | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAir defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an att... |
570da01f16d0071400510c0e | What protects the outer layer? | AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAir defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an att... |
570da01f16d0071400510c0f | The next layer's surface-to-air missiles are carried by what? | the carrier's escorts | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAir defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an att... |
570da01f16d0071400510c10 | What is the range in nautical miles of the RIM-67 Standard? | 100 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAir defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an att... |
570da01f16d0071400510c11 | What is the rate of fire for a radar-controlled Gatling gun of 20 and 30 millimeter? | several thousand rounds per minute | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAir defence in naval tactics, especially within a carrier group, is often built around a system of concentric layers with the aircraft carrier at the centre. The outer layer will usually be provided by the carrier's aircraft, specifically its AEW&C aircraft combined with the CAP. If an att... |
570da0f416d0071400510c17 | What is likely to entirely replace gun systems? | missiles | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIf current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in \"first line\" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-... |
570da0f416d0071400510c18 | What is being lead to specialty roles? | Guns | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIf current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in \"first line\" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-... |
570da0f416d0071400510c19 | What gun is used in the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS? | GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIf current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in \"first line\" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-... |
570da0f416d0071400510c1a | What RIM weapon permits mid-flight course adjustments? | RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIf current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in \"first line\" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-... |
570da0f416d0071400510c1b | What weapon's system uses guns and missiles? | Kashtan CIWS | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIf current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in \"first line\" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-... |
570da1ea16d0071400510c21 | Contemporary air defence systems are usually what? | mobile | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost modern air defence systems are fairly mobile. Even the larger systems tend to be mounted on trailers and are designed to be fairly quickly broken down or set up. In the past, this was not always the case. Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure; many cou... |
570da1ea16d0071400510c22 | What are larger weapon systems usually mounted on? | trailers | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost modern air defence systems are fairly mobile. Even the larger systems tend to be mounted on trailers and are designed to be fairly quickly broken down or set up. In the past, this was not always the case. Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure; many cou... |
570da1ea16d0071400510c23 | Radars, command posts and other such things are usually mounted on what? | a fleet of vehicles | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost modern air defence systems are fairly mobile. Even the larger systems tend to be mounted on trailers and are designed to be fairly quickly broken down or set up. In the past, this was not always the case. Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure; many cou... |
570da1ea16d0071400510c24 | A mobile weapons system is likely to pop up where? | places where it is not expected | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost modern air defence systems are fairly mobile. Even the larger systems tend to be mounted on trailers and are designed to be fairly quickly broken down or set up. In the past, this was not always the case. Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure; many cou... |
570da1ea16d0071400510c25 | What systems are really geared toward mobility? | Soviet | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost modern air defence systems are fairly mobile. Even the larger systems tend to be mounted on trailers and are designed to be fairly quickly broken down or set up. In the past, this was not always the case. Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure; many cou... |
570da2de16d0071400510c2b | What military forces usually integrate air defnce as a separate arm or part of artillery? | Western and Commonwealth militaries | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pa... |
570da2de16d0071400510c2c | Air defence in the US Army is part of what arm? | artillery arm | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pa... |
570da2de16d0071400510c2d | Air defence in Pakistan was separated from the Army in what year? | 1990 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pa... |
570da2de16d0071400510c2e | What type of countries have set branches for territorial air defence? | largely communist or ex-communist | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pa... |
570da2de16d0071400510c2f | Who had a separate military force for controlling nuclear ICBMs? | USSR | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nMost Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pa... |
570da3fadf2f5219002ed094 | What do armies tend to have in depth? | air defence | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nArmies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where ... |
570da3fadf2f5219002ed095 | Angara and Patriot are two examples of what type of system? | army-level missile defence systems | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nArmies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where ... |
570da3fadf2f5219002ed096 | Stinger and Igla are two examples of what type of system? | smaller force levels | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nArmies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where ... |
570da3fadf2f5219002ed097 | What does SPAAG stand for? | self-propelled anti-aircraft guns | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nArmies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where ... |
570da3fadf2f5219002ed098 | What kind of platform are Roland and SA-8 Gecko? | all-in-one surface-to-air missile platforms | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nArmies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where ... |
570da4a616d0071400510c35 | In agreement with NATO members, the US Air Force and which country has created tactics for air defence suppression? | Israel | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIsrael, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate ... |
570da4a616d0071400510c36 | The goal of what is to suppress opposing air defence systems? | Dedicated weapons | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIsrael, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate ... |
570da4a616d0071400510c37 | As better weapons are created, what systems continue to improve as well to counter them? | SAM systems with ECCM capabilities | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIsrael, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate ... |
570da4f7df2f5219002ed0a8 | What does AAAD stand for? | All-Arms Air Defence | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nNATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as \"measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites.\" In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops... |
570da4f7df2f5219002ed0a9 | What does GBAD stand for? | Ground Based AD | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nNATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as \"measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites.\" In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops... |
570da4f7df2f5219002ed0aa | What does SHORAD stand for? | Short Range AD | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nNATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as \"measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites.\" In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops... |
570da4f7df2f5219002ed0ab | What does MANPADS stand for? | Man Portable AD Systems | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nNATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as \"measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites.\" In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops... |
570da4f7df2f5219002ed0ac | What does SAGW stand for? | Surface to Air Guided Weapon | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nNATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as \"measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites.\" In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops... |
570da5c6df2f5219002ed0b2 | What was one of the quickest areas to evolve in military technology in the 20th century? | air defence | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThroughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from t... |
570da5c6df2f5219002ed0b3 | The evolution of air defence was in answer to the evolution of what? | aircraft | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThroughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from t... |
570da5c6df2f5219002ed0b4 | In addition to radar and computing, what else did air defence want to exploit? | guided missiles | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThroughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from t... |
570da5c6df2f5219002ed0b5 | In addition to sensors and technical fire control, and weapons, what else did air defence evolution cover? | command and control | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nThroughout the 20th century air defence was one of the fastest-evolving areas of military technology, responding to the evolution of aircraft and exploiting various enabling technologies, particularly radar, guided missiles and computing (initially electromechanical analog computing from t... |
570da669df2f5219002ed0ba | How are batteries typically grouped? | into battalions | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nBatteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may hav... |
570da669df2f5219002ed0bb | What type of battalion is normally tasked to a manoeuvre division in the field army? | light gun or SHORAD | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nBatteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may hav... |
570da669df2f5219002ed0bc | Which military section could have a full military structure? | Homeland air defence | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nBatteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may hav... |
570da669df2f5219002ed0bd | Who commanded the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command? | a full British Army general | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nBatteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may hav... |
570da669df2f5219002ed0be | How many corps was the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command? | three AA corps | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nBatteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may hav... |
570da764df2f5219002ed0c4 | Air attacks headed by Germany increased in 1915 in what area? | the British Isles | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nGerman air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with ... |
570da764df2f5219002ed0c5 | Who was tasked with the job to make improvements to the AA as a result of the German attacks? | Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nGerman air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with ... |
570da764df2f5219002ed0c6 | What was used because of night attacks? | searchlights | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nGerman air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with ... |
570da764df2f5219002ed0c7 | How many AA Sections were defending Britain by December 1916? | 183 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nGerman air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with ... |
570da764df2f5219002ed0c8 | How many AA Sections were with the BEF in France during the same time? | 74 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nGerman air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with ... |
570da8a816d0071400510c67 | What was many times unpopular with other troops? | AA guns | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAs aircraft started to be used against ground targets on the battlefield, the AA guns could not be traversed quickly enough at close targets and, being relatively few, were not always in the right place (and were often unpopular with other troops), so changed positions frequently. Soon the... |
570da8a816d0071400510c68 | What was mounted on poles by forces? | machine-gun based weapons | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAs aircraft started to be used against ground targets on the battlefield, the AA guns could not be traversed quickly enough at close targets and, being relatively few, were not always in the right place (and were often unpopular with other troops), so changed positions frequently. Soon the... |
570da8a816d0071400510c69 | What type of weapon is thought to have shot down the Red Baron? | anti-aircraft Vickers machine gun | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAs aircraft started to be used against ground targets on the battlefield, the AA guns could not be traversed quickly enough at close targets and, being relatively few, were not always in the right place (and were often unpopular with other troops), so changed positions frequently. Soon the... |
570da8a816d0071400510c6a | What made acquiring targets and aiming more required? | increasing capabilities of aircraft | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAs aircraft started to be used against ground targets on the battlefield, the AA guns could not be traversed quickly enough at close targets and, being relatively few, were not always in the right place (and were often unpopular with other troops), so changed positions frequently. Soon the... |
570da8a816d0071400510c6b | Heavy weapons shot at high-altitude targets and what shot at low-altitude targets? | lighter weapons | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nAs aircraft started to be used against ground targets on the battlefield, the AA guns could not be traversed quickly enough at close targets and, being relatively few, were not always in the right place (and were often unpopular with other troops), so changed positions frequently. Soon the... |
570da9dadf2f5219002ed0d8 | What year did the British adopt the new Vickers instrument? | 1925 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIn 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to th... |
570da9dadf2f5219002ed0d9 | What was the Vickers device adopted by the British named? | Predictor AA No 1 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIn 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to th... |
570da9dadf2f5219002ed0da | What was the designation name of the Sperry device in the US? | M3A3 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIn 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to th... |
570da9dadf2f5219002ed0db | What did the British designate the Sperry device as? | Predictor AA No 2 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIn 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to th... |
570da9dadf2f5219002ed0dc | What replaced the UB 2? | UB 7 | [
"Anti-aircraft_warfare\n\nIn 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to th... |
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