id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_16700 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On October 24, 2018, President Donald J. Trump signed into law H.R. 6, the Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act (P.L. 115-271; the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act, or the SUPPORT Act). The SUPPORT Act is a sweeping measure designed to ad... | [
"On October 24, 2018, President Donald J. Trump signed into law H.R. 6 , the Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act ( P.L. 115-271 ; SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act, or the SUPPORT Act). The final agreement on the bill was approved by ... |
train_16701 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2012, a presidential election year, an ongoing subject of debate in the Senate has been how many U.S. circuit and district court nominations should be confirmed by year's end, and how late in the year the Senate should continue to confirm them. Senators have disagreed as to what guidance, if any, previous presidenti... | [
"In recent decades, a quadrennial subject of contention in the Senate has been its processing of U.S. circuit and district court nominations in presidential election years. Senators, for example, have differed, usually along party lines, over whether, or to what extent, it is customary during presidential election ... |
train_16702 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Fossil fuel fired electric generating facilities are major sources of air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury (Hg), and of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). A patchwork of regulations to limit PM, SO 2 , and NOx emissions exists, with furthe... | [
"Beginning with the Clean Air Act of 1970, and with substantive additional measures enacted in amendments of 1977 and 1990, electric utilities have been subjected to a multilayered patchwork of air pollution emission requirements. Fossil fuel fired electric generating facilities are major emitters of gases (see tab... |
train_16703 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 108th Congress did not complete action to reauthorize child care legislation that expiredat the end of FY2002, but funding has continued via a series of temporary measures, and annualappropriations. "Child care reauthorization" is composed of two parts: legislation to reauthorize theChild Care and Development Block... | [
"\"Child care reauthorization\" is composed of two parts: legislation to reauthorize the ChildCare and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Act and legislation to extend mandatory fundingappropriated under Section 418 of the Social Security Act. The CCDBG Act authorizesdiscretionary funds and contains all provisions per... |
train_16704 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Geographic proximity has forged strong linkages between the United States and the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean, with U.S. interests encompassing economic, political, and security concerns. U.S. policymakers have emphasized different strategic interests in the region at different times, from combating Sovi... | [
"Foreign assistance is one of the tools the United States employs to advance U.S. interests in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the focus and funding levels of aid programs change along with broader U.S. policy goals. Current aid programs reflect the diverse needs of the countries in the region (see Figure 1 fo... |
train_16705 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of the elements of federal criminal money laundering statutes and the sanctions imposed for their violation. The most prominent is 18 U.S.C. § 1956. Section 1956 outlaws four kinds of money laundering—promotional, concealment, structuring, and tax evasion laundering of the proceeds gene... | [
"Money laundering is commonly understood as the process of cleansing the taint from the proceeds of crime. In federal criminal law, however, it is more. In the principal federal criminal money laundering statutes, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1956 and 1957, and to varying degrees in several other federal criminal statutes, money l... |
train_16706 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Army has been seeking to enhance its self-propelled 155mm artillery capabilitiessince the late 1970's. In additionto several programs to modify the M109 artillery system, culminating in the current M109A6 Paladin, since 1987these efforts have focused on what is now calledthe XM2001 Crusader. Initially begun in orde... | [
"Crusader XM2001 Self-Propelled Howitzer: Background and Issues for Congress RS21218 -- Crusader XM2001 Self-Propelled Howitzer: Background and Issues for Congress Updated June 25, 2002 Summary The Army has been seeking to enhance its self-propelled 155mm artillery capabilitiessince the late 1970's. In additionto s... |
train_16707 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 13, 2012, President Obama asked Congress for authority to reorganize and consolidate, into one department, the business- and trade-related functions of six federal entities: Department of Commerce; Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank); Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC); Small Business Administration ... | [
"On January 13, 2012, President Obama asked Congress for authority to reorganize and consolidate into one department the business- and trade-related functions and programs of six federal entities: Department of Commerce; Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank); Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC); Small Business... |
train_16708 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President makes appointments, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to some 151 full-time leadership positions on 33 federal regulatory and other collegial boards and commissions. This appointment process consists of three distinct stages: selection, clearance, and nomination by the President; consideration by... | [
"This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). It also specifies, for the 109 th Congress (January 2005-December 2006), all nominations to full-time positions on 33 regulatory and other colle... |
train_16709 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The effort of Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) to elect one of its own to be president of the Republic provoked a crisis. The nominee, the otherwise respected Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul, has roots in Turkey's Islamist movement and his wife wears a head scarf, which some secularists consider a symb... | [
"The seven-year term of Turkish President Ahmet Necdet Sezer was scheduled to expire on May 16, 2007, and parliament (the Grand National Assembly) was required to elect a successor by that date. Since November 2002, the Justice and Development Party (AKP), a party with Islamist roots which claims a conservative dem... |
train_16710 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Africa has historically held a peripheral role in the transnational illicit drug trade, but in recent years has increasingly become a locus for drug trafficking, particularly of cocaine. Recent estimates suggest that in recent years, apart from late 2008 and 2009, between 46 and 300 metric tons of South American cocain... | [
"A rise in illicit drug trafficking in Africa in recent years has drawn the attention of U.S. policy makers. The 110 th Congress, for instance, passed P.L. 110-417 , requiring the Department of Defense (DOD) to author a report to Congress laying out a counternarcotics strategy for the region, among other related go... |
train_16711 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Public Safety Officers' Benefits (PSOB) program provides three different types of benefits to public safety officers and their survivors: death, disability, and education benefits. The PSOB program is administered by the Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance's (BJA's) PSOB Office. The PSOB death benef... | [
"T he Public Safety Officers' Benefits (PSOB) program was authorized by P.L. 94-430 , the Public Safety Officers' Benefits Act of 1976 (\"the PSOB Act\"). The PSOB program was \"designed to offer peace of mind to men and women seeking careers in public safety and to make a strong statement about the value that Amer... |
train_16712 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent controversies over state laws requiring voters to present identification when casting their ballots have raised questions about the burdens imposed on individuals who do not have photo identification, including those who object to photographs based on religious beliefs. The 112th Congress has introduced a number... | [
"The recent trend in state laws requiring voters to present identification when casting their ballots has raised questions about the burdens imposed on individuals who do not have photo identification, including those who object to photographs based on religious beliefs. Proposed legislation in the 112 th Congress ... |
train_16713 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since Barack Obama was sworn in as President in 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed and promulgated numerous regulations to implement the pollution control statutes enacted by Congress. Critics have reacted strongly. Some, both within Congress and outside of it, have accused the agency of ... | [
"Since Barack Obama was sworn in as President of the United States in 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed and promulgated numerous regulations under many of the 11 pollution control statutes Congress has directed it to implement. Most of these statutes were enacted decades ago and have not ... |
train_16714 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The term Smart Grid refers to a distribution system that allows for flow of information from a customer's meter in two directions: both inside the house to thermostats and appliances and other devices, and back to the utility. This could allow appliances to be turned off during periods of high electrical demand and cos... | [
"The U.S. electric power system has historically operated at such a high level of reliability that any major outage, either caused by sabotage, weather, or operational errors, makes news headlines. As the August 14, 2003, Midwest and Northeast blackout demonstrated, a loss of electric power is very expensive and ca... |
train_16715 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The new Palestinian unity government established in March 2007 complicates U.S. policy toward the Palestinian Authority (PA) and the peace process. When Hamas took power last year, the Bush Administration, along with its Quartet partners and Israel, responded by cutting off contact with and halting assistance to the PA... | [
"Hamas, a U.S. State Department-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization, surprised most observers by winning a majority of seats in the Palestinian legislative election in January 2006. The election was judged by international observers to be competitive and \"genuinely democratic.\" Hamas had boycotted previous ... |
train_16716 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Tunisia has taken key steps toward democracy since its 2011 "Jasmine Revolution," and has so far avoided the violent chaos and/or authoritarian resurrection seen elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa region. Tunisians adopted a new constitution in 2014 and held national elections the same year, marking the comp... | [
"Tunisia's 2011 popular uprising, known as the \"Jasmine Revolution,\" ended the 23-year authoritarian rule of then-President Zine el Abidine Ben Ali and sparked a wave of unrest in much of the Arab world. Since then, Tunisia has taken key steps toward democracy. Civil and political liberties have expanded dramatic... |
train_16717 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress generally authorizes new Army Corps of Engineers water resources studies and projects in a Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) before appropriating funds to them. WRDA 2007 (P.L. 110-114) became law on November 9, 2007. This was the first congressional override of a veto by President George W. Bush. WRDA 20... | [
"Congress generally authorizes new Army Corps of Engineers water resources studies and projects before appropriating funds for these activities. Authorization typically occurs in a Water Resources Development Act (WRDA). The 110 th Congress overrode a presidential veto of WRDA 2007. WRDA 2007 ( P.L. 110-114 ) becam... |
train_16718 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As it has periodically for decades, Congress is again considering how or whether to regulate campaign financing. The latest iteration of the debate over which kinds of groups should be permitted to spend funds on political advertisements, and how so, was renewed on January 21, 2010, when the Supreme Court of the United... | [
"Political information—particularly political advertising—has been at the heart of American campaigns and elections for more than a century. Throughout the last century, candidates, parties, and interest groups have competed to make their case to voters in the hopes of winning elections and shaping policy debates. ... |
train_16719 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Sentencing for all serious federal noncapital crimes begins with the federal Sentencing Guidelines. Congress establishes the maximum penalty and sometimes the minimum penalty for every federal crime by statute. In between, the Guidelines establish a series of escalating sentencing ranges based on the circumstances of t... | [
"The federal Sentencing Guidelines greatly influence the sentences imposed for federal crimes. Once binding on federal courts, the Guidelines are now the starting point for federal sentencing in most cases. They provide the principal standard against which the reasonableness of any sentence imposed is judged. In th... |
train_16720 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The admission of Syrian refugees to the United States has generated public controversy, with opponents citing concerns chiefly about terrorism and national security. As of August 31, 2016, the United States has admitted 10,740 Syrian refugees in FY2016, meeting the Obama Administration's fiscal year goal. These new arr... | [
"During the last week of August 2016, the 10,000 th Syrian refugee was admitted to the United States in FY2016. The Obama Administration had pledged to admit at least 10,000 Syrian refugees in FY2016. While some policymakers are celebrating the Syrian admissions, others have raised concerns about the refugee admiss... |
train_16721 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under union shop agreements, labor unions must establish strict safeguards and procedures for ensuring that non-members' dues are not used to support certain political and ideological activities that are outside the scope of normal collective bargaining activities. The "union shop" or "agency shop" agreement essentiall... | [
"In 1988, the Supreme Court, in Communications Workers of America v. Beck (hereinafter referred to as Beck ), ruled against organized labor and held that non-union employees could not be required to pay full union dues if some of those funds were to be used for activities unrelated to collective bargaining. Under §... |
train_16722 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA; P.L. 110-140) significantly expanded the renewable fuel standard (RFS) established in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005; P.L. 109-58). The RFS requires the use of 9.0 billion gallons of renewable fuel in 2008, increasing to 36 billion gallons in 2022. Furt... | [
"On August 8, 2005, President Bush signed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005; P.L. 109-58 ). Among other provisions, EPAct 2005 established a renewable fuel standard (RFS) requiring gasoline to contain a minimum amount of fuel produced from renewable biomass. Through 2007 the requirement was largely met usin... |
train_16723 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The material support statutes, 18 U.S.C. §§2339A and 2339B, have been among the most frequently prosecuted federal anti-terrorism statutes. Section 2339A outlaws: (1) whoever (2) [knowingly] (3)(a) attempting to, (b) conspiring to, or (c) actually (4)(a) providing material support or resources, or (b) concealing or dis... | [
"The two federal material support statutes have been at the heart of the Justice Department's terrorist prosecution efforts. One provision outlaws providing material support for the commission of certain designated offenses that might be committed by terrorists, 18 U.S.C. §2339A. The other outlaws providing materia... |
train_16724 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On April 20, 2015, the Department of Labor (DOL) proposed redefining the term investment advice within pension and retirement plans. Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA; P.L. 93-406), a person who provides investment advice has a fiduciary obligation, which means that the person must provid... | [
"On April 20, 2015, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued a proposed rule that would expand the definition of investment advice within employer-sponsored private-sector pension plans and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). Individuals who provide recommendations that meet the definition of investment advice are h... |
train_16725 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Colleges and universities maintain endowments to directly support their activities as institutions of higher education. Endowments are typically investment funds, but may also consist of cash or property. Current tax law benefits endowments and the accumulation of endowment assets. Generally, endowment fund earnings ar... | [
"O ver the past decade, the size and growth of college and university endowments has attracted the attention of academicians and policymakers. In 2008, Senator Chuck Grassley and Representative Peter Welch convened a roundtable discussion entitled \"Maximizing the Use of Endowment Funds and Making Higher Education ... |
train_16726 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The practice of breastfeeding has expanded in recent years. Various legal issues have accompanied this development. The primary legal issues concern: 1) the ability of working mothers to breastfeed their children and/or to express milk during working hours; and 2) nursing and/or the expression of milk in public or semi... | [
"One of the stated objectives of the U.S. Public Health Service, as outlined in its report Healthy People 2010 , is to increase the proportion of mothers who breastfeed their children. The national objective set forth in the report is to strive for a 75% participation rate of nursing mothers in the early postpartum... |
train_16727 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Chronically homeless individuals are those who spend long periods of time living on the street or other places not meant for human habitation, and who have one or more disabilities, frequently including mental illnesses and substance use disorders. In the 2015 Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) point-in-... | [
"For more than a decade, Congress and the federal government have focused on ending homelessness among the chronically homeless population, a group characterized by extended periods of time spent living on the street or other places not meant for human habitation and having one or more disabling conditions. The str... |
train_16728 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The recent war against Iraq may have implications for various defense programs of interest to Congress. This report surveys some of those potential implications, and will be updated periodicallyas new information becomes available. Three cautionary notes associated with post-conflict"lessons-learned" reports apply to t... | [
"The recent war against Iraq, known formally as Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), was the largestU.S. military operation since the 1991 Persian Gulf war, and may have implications for variousdefense programs of interest to Congress. This report, which is similar to one that CRS preparedfollowing the 1991 Persian Gulf ... |
train_16729 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines the issues surrounding the Walter Reed public-private competition conducted under Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76 and its potential impact on future Department of Defense (DOD) competitions. Circular A-76 is a policy and a process first initiated in 1966 that was designed to det... | [
"The Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) was the subject of a controversy that called attention to several issues, including the policy and process governing the conduct of OMB Circular A-76 competitions, the state of the military health care system, and a planned Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) action. A s... |
train_16730 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A 5-4 decision, issued over a highly critical dissent, Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. resolved one of the many challenges raised in response to the contraceptive coverage requirement of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Imputing the beliefs of owners of closely held corporations to such corporations, the U.S. Supreme... | [
"O ne of the ongoing controversies related to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been the scope of exemption from certain health care coverage requirements, including the contraceptive coverage requirement. A series of regulations have been promulgated to address concerns of certain entities with religious objection... |
train_16731 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. bankruptcy law has two central aims. First, bankruptcy law seeks to relieve debtors of certain obligations they are unable to repay by providing them with a "fresh start" from financial difficulties. At the same time, bankruptcy law attempts to preserve the countervailing interests of creditors and other stakehold... | [
"T he U.S. Constitution grants Congress the authority \"to establish . . . uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States.\" Pursuant to that authority, Congress has enacted a statute called the \" Bankruptcy Code \" which, along with other sources of law, governs bankruptcies in the Unite... |
train_16732 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Constitution grants Congress the power of the purse, but does not dictate how Congress must fulfill this constitutional duty. Congress has, therefore, developed certain types of budgetary legislation, along with rules and practices that govern its content and consideration. This set of budgetary legislation, rules,... | [
"From July 25 to July 28, 2017, the Senate agreed to proceed to consideration of the American Health Care Act, considered several amendments to the bill, and then agreed to place the bill back on the Senate calendar. The House Budget Committee reported H.Con.Res. 71 , a budget resolution for FY2018 on July 21, 2017... |
train_16733 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In United States v. Jones, 132 S. Ct. 945 (2012), all nine Supreme Court Justices agreed that Jones was searched when the police attached a Global Positioning System (GPS) device to the undercarriage of his car and tracked his movements for four weeks. The Court, however, splintered on what constituted the search: the ... | [
"There is little doubt that technology is fast becoming intertwined with our jobs, our social life, and even our most private interactions with each other. This phenomenon creates friction among many compelling interests. The first is a clash between two contrasting values: the desire for privacy and the longing to... |
train_16734 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program makes federal funds available to metropolitan areas and states to assist in health care costs and support services for individuals and families affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The Ryan White program currently serves more t... | [
"The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program makes federal funds available to metropolitan areas and states to provide a number of health care services for HIV/AIDS patients including medical care, drug treatments, dental care, home health care, and outpatient mental health and substance abuse treatment. The program currently ... |
train_16735 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes data and statistics from government, industry, and information technology (IT) security firms regarding the current state of cybersecurity threats in the United States and internationally. These include incident estimates, costs, and annual reports on data security breaches, identity thefts, cyber... | [
"This section describes data and statistics from government, industry, and information technology (IT) security firms regarding the current state of cybersecurity threats in the United States and internationally. These include incident estimates, costs, and annual reports on data security breaches, identity thefts,... |
train_16736 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For security and other reasons, the President, Vice President, and First Lady use military aircraft when they travel. The White House generally categorizes the trips as fulfilling either official or political functions. Often, a trip involves both official and political, or unofficial, activities. When a trip is for an... | [
"Trips by the President, Vice President, and First Lady are almost always classified as official travel or political travel, or a combination of the two. Official, or nonpolitical, travel is normally defined as anything having to do with the carrying out of presidential duties and responsibilities. Official travel ... |
train_16737 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Nunn-McCurdy Act (10 U.S.C. §2433) requires the Department of Defense (DOD) to report to Congress whenever a Major Defense Acquisition Program (MDAP) experiences cost overruns that exceed certain thresholds. A program whose cost growth exceeds the statutory thresholds is said to have a Nunn-McCurdy breach. There ar... | [
"For 30 years, the Nunn-McCurdy Act (10 U.S.C. §2433) has served as one of the principal mechanisms for notifying Congress of cost overruns in Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs). The act establishes thresholds to determine if an MDAP or designated major subprogram of an MDAP experiences a cost overrun. (For... |
train_16738 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | New federal tax credits, authorized under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended), first became available in 2014 to help certain individuals pay for health insurance. The tax credits apply toward premiums for private health plans offered through "exchanges" (also referred to as h... | [
"New federal tax credits were authorized in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148 , as amended), to help certain individuals pay for health insurance coverage, beginning in 2014. The tax credits apply toward premiums for private health plans offered through \"exchanges\" (also referred t... |
train_16739 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Argentina's restructuring of over $100 billion in defaulted bond debt in June 2005 demonstrated the country's emergence from its 2001-2002 economic crisis that had caused severe stress on the political system. Current President Néstor Kirchner, elected in 2003, has made bold policy moves in the areas of human rights, ... | [
"Argentina's political upheaval in late 2001 that led to the resignation of President Fernando de la Rua should be viewed in the context of its historical political development. Before 1930, Argentina enjoyed some 70 years of political stability that facilitated rapid economic development and made Argentina one of ... |
train_16740 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Supervised release replaces parole for federal crimes committed after November 1, 1987. Like parole, supervised release is a term of restricted freedom following an offender's release from prison. The nature of supervision and the conditions imposed during supervised release are also similar to those that applied in th... | [
"Supervised release is the successor to parole in the federal criminal justice system. In 1984, Congress eliminated parole to create a more determinate federal sentencing structure. In its place, Congress instituted a system of supervised release, which applies to all federal crimes committed after November 1, 1987... |
train_16741 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report presents current data on estimated ownership of U.S. Treasury securities and major holders of federal debt by country. Federal debt represents the accumulated balance of borrowing by the federal government. To finance federal borrowing, U.S. Treasury securities are sold to investors. Treasury securities may... | [
"Federal debt represents, in large measure, the accumulated balance of federal borrowing of the U.S. government. The portion of gross federal debt held by the public consists primarily of investment in marketable U.S. Treasury securities. Investors in the United States and abroad include official institutions, such... |
train_16742 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Open source information (OSINT) is derived from newspapers, journals, radio and television, and the Internet. Intelligence analysts have long used such information to supplement classified data, but systematically collecting open source information has not been a priority of the U.S. Intelligence Community. In recent y... | [
"Although the Intelligence Community (IC) has received its share of criticism since its formal establishment in 1947, it appears such criticism has intensified since the end of the Cold War as the Community confronted a string of perhaps unprecedented challenges, including those from the dissolution of the former S... |
train_16743 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | About 18% of all U.S. adolescents received mental health treatment in 2000. Almost $7billion was spent for such services for teens in 1998. While many youth have used alcohol or otherillicit drugs, less than 2% received treatment for substance use in 2000. In 1997, costs for such carefor children under 18 totaled $604 ... | [
"Mental health and substance abuse services are designed to ameliorate the negative effectsof mental illness and use of, or addiction to, illicit drugs, respectively. (6) According to the 1999Surgeon General's report on mental health, (7) mental illness refers to all diagnosable mental disorders, which arecondition... |
train_16744 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States faces important decisions about future energy supply and use. A key question is how renewable energy resources might be used to meet U.S. energy needs in general, and to meet U.S. electricity needs specifically. Renewable energy sources are typically used for three general types of applications: elect... | [
"The U.S. energy sector is large and complex. Multiple energy sources, including fossil, nuclear, and several renewable sources, are used to produce energy products for multiple demand sectors (transportation, electricity, industrial, and residential/commercial). Today, fossil fuels are the dominant sources of ener... |
train_16745 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, Congress has the authority to raise and support armies; provide and maintain a navy; and provide for organizing, disciplining, and regulating them. Congress has used this authority to establish criteria and standards that must be met for individuals to be recruited i... | [
"In recent years Congress and the Administration have taken actions to build a more diverse and representative military workforce. In the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 ( P.L. 110-417 ), Congress mandated the creation of a Military Leadership Diversity Commission (MLDC) tasked... |
train_16746 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some policy issues seem fixed on Congress's legislative agenda. One such issue is the taxation of small firms and its effects on their formation, performance, and growth. In the view of some lawmakers, the current federal tax burden on small firms, though smaller than it could be because of existing small business tax ... | [
"Some policy issues seem fixed on Congress's legislative agenda. A case in point is the taxation of small firms and its effect on their rate of formation, economic performance, and prospects for growth. Many bills to assist small firms through new or enhanced tax preferences were introduced in the past few Congress... |
train_16747 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | China has experienced a sharp rise in the inflow of so-called "hot money," foreign capital entering the country supposedly seeking short-term profits, especially in 2008. Chinese estimates of the amount of "hot money" in China vary from $500 billion to $1.75 trillion. The influx of "hot money" is contributing to China'... | [
"Economic conditions in China are of considerable concern to U.S. policymakers, given the potential impact of China's economy on the global and U.S. economy. The recent large inflow of financial capital into China, commonly referred to as \"hot money,\" has led some economists to warn that such flows may have a des... |
train_16748 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent flood disasters have raised congressional and public interest in not only reducing flood risks, but also improving flood resilience, which is the ability to adapt to, withstand, and rapidly recover from floods. In the United States, flood-related responsibilities are shared. States and local governments have sig... | [
"Recent flood disasters have raised congressional and public interest in not only reducing flood risks, but also improving flood resilience, which is the ability to adapt to, withstand, and rapidly recover from floods. Congress has established various federal programs that may be available to assist U.S. state, loc... |
train_16749 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) is the statute by which the United States authorizes tort suits to be brought against itself. With exceptions, it makes the United States liable for injuries caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any federal employee acting within the scope of his employment, in accor... | [
"The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. §§ 1346(b), 2671-2680, is the statute by which the United States authorizes tort suits to be brought against itself. As a result of the common law doctrine of sovereign immunity, \"the United States cannot be sued without its consent.\" \"Congress alone has the power t... |
train_16750 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) comprehensively reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA). Among other changes, the ESSA amended federal K-12 educational accountability requirements for states and local educational agencies (LEAs) receiving ESEA funds, including those regarding the id... | [
"The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), signed into law on December 10, 2015 ( P.L. 114-95 ), comprehensively reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA). Among other changes, the ESSA amended federal K-12 educational accountability requirements for states and local educational agencies (... |
train_16751 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The New Starts program provides federal funds to public transit agencies on a largely competitive basis for the construction of new fixed-guideway transit systems and the expansion of existing fixed-guideway systems. New Starts has funded the development of bus rapid transit (BRT) and ferries, as these are eligible und... | [
"The New Starts program provides federal funds to public transit agencies on a largely competitive basis for the construction of new fixed-guideway transit systems and the expansion of existing fixed-guideway systems (49 U.S.C. §5309). New Starts has funded the development of bus rapid transit (BRT) and ferries, as... |
train_16752 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title I, Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), authorizes financial aid to local educational agencies (LEAs) for the education of disadvantaged children and youth at the preschool, elementary, and secondary levels. Over the last several years, the accountability provisions of this program have be... | [
"Title I, Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the largest federal K-12 education program, authorizes financial aid to local educational agencies (LEAs) for the education of disadvantaged children and youth at the preschool, elementary, and secondary levels. Since the 1988 reauthorization of... |
train_16753 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2008, Congress banned the use in children's toys and child care articles of several chemicals known to disrupt normal development and reproduction of mice and rats. The legislation was a response to accumulating scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that exposure to certain chemicals in consumer products and... | [
"Scientific reports of reproductive failure among migratory birds exposed to DDT during the 1950s provided some of the earliest evidence that chemical pollutants in the environment might affect hormone-mediated processes in wildlife. In 1996, several scientists brought the endocrine disruptor hypothesis to public a... |
train_16754 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has broad interest in trade in services, which are a large and growing component of the U.S. economy. It also has a direct interest in establishing trade negotiating objectives and potential consideration of a future Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA). Services account for 78% of U.S. private sector gross dome... | [
"\"Services\" refers to a range of economic activities that involve the sale and delivery of an intangible product, such as audiovisual, construction, and computer and related services; energy; express delivery; e-commerce; financial, accounting, and legal services; retail and wholesaling; transportation; telecommu... |
train_16755 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution vests Congress with broad powers over the Armed Forces, including the power "To raise and support Armies" and "To provide and maintain a Navy." As such, the size of the Armed Forces is a topic of perennial congressional interest and debate. Congress annually sets minimum a... | [
"The size of the Armed Forces is a topic of perennial congressional interest and debate, as each year Congress sets minimum and maximum strength levels for the active components (AC); and maximum strength levels for the reserve components (RC). The number of military personnel in each service is directly related to... |
train_16756 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has long sought, through legislation and oversight, to protect the United States against terrorist threats, especially from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. Radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) are one type of CBRN weapon. Explosive-driven "dirty bombs" are an often-discussed ty... | [
"In one nightmare scenario, a terrorist \"dirty bomb\" spreads radioactive material across dozens of square miles, causing panic in the target area and beyond, costing tens of billions of dollars to remediate, costing further sums in lost wages and business, compelling the demolition and rebuilding of contaminated ... |
train_16757 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article I:1 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) requires World Trade Organization (WTO) Members to grant most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment "immediately and unconditionally" to like products of other Members with respect to tariffs and other trade-related measures. Programs such as the Generalized Sys... | [
"As parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994), World Trade Organization (WTO) Members must under Article I:1 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) grant most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment \"immediately and unconditionally\" to like products of other Members with respect ... |
train_16758 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cuba has remained a hard-line communist state under Fidel Castro for more than 47 years, but Fidel's July 31, 2006 announcement that he was ceding political power to his brother Raúl for several weeks in order to recover from surgery could be the beginning of a political transition. Over the past few years, there has b... | [
"On July 31, 2006, President Fidel Castro provisionally ceded political power to his brother Raúl \"for several weeks\" in order to recover from intestinal surgery. As a result, in a proclamation signed by Fidel, Raúl Castro became First Secretary of the Communist Party, Commander in Chief of the Revolutionary Arme... |
train_16759 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There are 14 U.S. territories, or possessions, five of which are inhabited: Puerto Rico (PR), Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), American Samoa (AS), and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Each of these inhabited territories has a local tax system with features that help determine each territory's ... | [
"There are 14 U.S. territories, or possessions, five of which are inhabited: Puerto Rico (PR), Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), American Samoa (AS), and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Each inhabited territory's local tax system has features that help determine the structure of its public ... |
train_16760 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | It is now publicly acknowledged that intelligence appropriations are a significant component of the federal budget, over $78 billion in FY2012 for both the national and military intelligence programs. Limited publicly available data suggest intelligence spending, measured in constant 2014 dollars, has roughly doubled s... | [
"Appropriations for intelligence activities represent a significant part of both the federal and defense budget at a time of growing fiscal austerity. In the past, spending levels for intelligence activities were shrouded in secrecy. Today, overall totals of intelligence spending are made public, but the process fo... |
train_16761 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Covert action and clandestine activities of the intelligence community and activities of the military may appear similar, but they involve different notification requirements and usually are conducted under different authorities of the U. S. Code. The requirements for notifying Congress of activities of the intelligenc... | [
"Section 3092 of Title 50, U . S. Code , requires that the congressional intelligence committees be kept \"fully and currently informed\" of all intelligence activities, other than a covert action, by the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the head of any of the component organizations of the intelligence ... |
train_16762 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act(FPA) were enacted to eliminate unfair practices and other abuses by electricity and gas holdingcompanies by requiring federal control and regulation of interstate public utility holding companies. Prior to PUHCA, electricity holding compan... | [
"Historically, electricity service has been defined as a natural monopoly, meaning that theindustry has (1) an inherent tendency toward declining long-term costs, (2) high thresholdinvestment, and (3) technological conditions that limit the number of potential entrants. In addition,many regulators have considered u... |
train_16763 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When designing a cap-and-trade program, one of the more controversial and challenging questions for policymakers is how, to whom, and for what purpose to distribute the emission allowances. Regarding the method of distribution to covered sources, policymakers could (1) sell the allowances through an auction process, (2... | [
"Climate change issues have generated interest and debate over the past two decades. In 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Arguably, in recent years the primary issues under debate have shifted from science—such as the role of greenhouse gas (GHG) em... |
train_16764 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Private equity and hedge funds are investment pools generally available only to institutions and individuals able to make investments in excess of $200,000. Private equity funds acquire ownership stakes in other companies and seek to profit by improving operating results or through financial restructuring. Hedge funds ... | [
"Private equity firms buy and sell other businesses. The industry can be roughly divided into two parts: venture capital and buyout funds. Venture capitalists invest in small, startup firms, providing financing and management expertise. Their payoff usually comes when the firms are sold, either by selling shares in... |
train_16765 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Due to extensive cooperation on a wide range of issues, the relationship between the United States and Europe is often called the transatlantic partnership. The two sides have many common values and concerns, and have grown increasingly interdependent in terms of security and prosperity. The transatlantic relationship ... | [
"Common values, overlapping interests, and shared goals are the foundation of what is often described as the transatlantic partnership between the United States and Europe. Many observers stress that in terms of security and prosperity the United States and Europe have grown increasingly interdependent. Both sides ... |
train_16766 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The landslide victory of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) in Burma's November 2015 parliamentary elections may prove to be a major step in the nation's potential transition to a more democratic government. Having won nearly 80% of the contested seats in the election, the NLD has a majority in both... | [
"The landslide victory of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) and the stunning defeat of President Thein Sein's Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) in Burma's nationwide parliamentary elections held on November 8, 2015, may alter the path of the country's political development. As a con... |
train_16767 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Unmanned vehicles (UVs) are viewed as a key element of the effort to transform U.S. military forces. The Department of the Navy may eventually acquire every major kind of UV. Navy and Marine Corps UV programs raise several potential issues for Congress. This report will be updated as events warrant. | [
"Unmanned vehicles (UVs) are viewed as a key component of U.S. defense transformation. Perhaps uniquely among the military departments, the Department of the Navy (DON), which includes the Navy and Marine Corps, may eventually acquire every major kind of UV, including unmanned air systems (UASs)—which include unman... |
train_16768 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | An estimated 6.5 million individuals currently abuse prescription drugs in the United States. Unlike policy on street drugs, federal policy on prescription drug abuse is complicated by the need to maintain access to prescription controlled substances (PCS) for legitimate medical use. The federal government has several ... | [
"Prescription drug abuse has been described as an epidemic, with an estimated 6.5 million current prescription drug abusers—including 4.3 million abusing prescription pain relievers (opioids). On average, 44 people die from an overdose of a prescription painkiller each day in the United States. While prescription p... |
train_16769 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | States are able to use revenues from health care provider taxes to help finance the state share of Medicaid expenditures. Federal statute and regulations define a provider tax as a health care-related fee, assessment, or other mandatory payment for which at least 85% of the burden of the tax revenue falls on health car... | [
"Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term services and supports. Participation in Medicaid is voluntary for states, though all states, the District of Columbia, and five territories choose to participate. Each state designs ... |
train_16770 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has numerous programs to support management of state and private forests. These programs are under the jurisdiction of the House and Senate Agriculture Committees and are often examined in the periodic legislation to reauthorize agricultural programs, commonly known as farm bil... | [
"The federal government has numerous programs to support forest management on state and private forestlands, primarily administered by the Forest Service (FS) in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The House and Senate Agriculture Committees often examine these programs in the periodic legislation to reautho... |
train_16771 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report answers frequently asked questions about tax-exempt organizations. It provides basic answers and refers to sources of additional information that might be useful. The report focuses on the types of organizations described in Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 501(c), with the main emphasis on Section 501(c... | [
"The term \"tax-exempt organization\" generally refers to an organization that is exempt from federal income taxes under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Although the IRC describes more than 30 types of organizations that qualify for exemption, the type that people often mean when using the term \"tax-exempt organi... |
train_16772 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has proposed, and the European Union (EU) developed, policies to mitigate the potential economic and environmental (i.e., "carbon leakage") impacts of carbon policies on energy- or greenhouse gas-intensive, trade-exposed industries. While studies have found little effect of carbon policies on EU compe... | [
"Congress is considering legislation to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases that may, depending on the specifics of the final legislation, affect the competitiveness of energy- or greenhouse gas-intensive industries. Competitiveness can be a rather abstract term for which any precise meaning can be elusive. Compet... |
train_16773 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Upon the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), as amended, certain questions have been raised about how the ACA might affect existing law. One such existing law, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), is a civil rights statute and has as its purpose the prohibition of discrim... | [
"With the passage of the health reform law, interest turned to determining not only how the new law may be interpreted and implemented, but also how it may interact with existing law. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA, P.L. 111-148 , as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliati... |
train_16774 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), P.L. 111-148, as amended, Congress enacted a "minimum coverage provision," which compels certain individuals to have a minimum level of health insurance (i.e., an "individual mandate"). Individuals who fail to do so may be subject to a monetary penalty, a... | [
"Although the federal government provides health coverage for many individuals through federal programs such as Medicare, it has never required individuals to purchase health insurance until the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in March of 2010. While a requirement to transfer money... |
train_16775 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Monsanto Corporation, the developer of herbicide-tolerant varieties of genetically engineered (GE) alfalfa and sugar beet (called Roundup Ready alfalfa and Roundup Ready sugar beet), petitioned USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) for deregulation of the items. Deregulation of GE plants is the fina... | [
"The basic federal guidance for regulating biotechnology products is the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology (51 Federal Register 23302), published in 1986 by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). A key regulatory principle is that genetically engineered (GE) products sho... |
train_16776 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A "lame duck" session of Congress occurs whenever one Congress meets after its successor is elected but before the end of its own constitutional term. Under present conditions, any meeting of Congress between election day in November and the following January 3 is a lame duck session. Prior to 1933, when the Twentieth ... | [
"A \"lame duck\" session of Congress is one that takes place after the election for the next Congress has been held but before the current Congress has reached the end of its constitutional term. Since 1935, the constitutional term of a Congress has begun on January 3 of each odd-numbered year and has ended on Janu... |
train_16777 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 13, 2012, the Obama Administration released its detailed budget request for FY2013. The Administration's proposed budget included $677.8 million in special federal payments to the District of Columbia, which was $12.2 million more than the District's FY2012 appropriation of $665.6 million in special federal... | [
"The authority for congressional review and approval of the District of Columbia's budget is derived from the Constitution and the District of Columbia Self-Government and Government Reorganization Act of 1973 (Home Rule Act). The Constitution gives Congress the power to \"exercise exclusive Legislation in all Case... |
train_16778 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Five federal statutes authorize intelligence officials to request certain business record information in connection with national security investigations. The authority to issue these national security letters (NSL) is comparable to the authority to issue administrative subpoenas. The USA PATRIOT Act (P.L. 107-56) expa... | [
"Five statutory provisions vest government agencies responsible for certain foreign intelligence investigations (principally the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)) with authority to issue written commands comparable to administrative subpoenas. A National Security Letter (NSL) seeks customer and consumer transa... |
train_16779 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has taken keen interest in U.S. relations with Pakistan, especially as related to counterterrorism and U.S. foreign assistance. The terrorist attacks of September 2001 transformed U.S.-Pakistan relations virtually overnight. After more than a decade under broad U.S. sanctions for its nuclear proliferation acti... | [
"The stated policy of the United States is to assist the creation of a more stable, democratic, and prosperous Pakistan that is actively combating religious militancy. This has been among the most important U.S. foreign policy efforts in the post-9/11 period. Senior U.S. officials commonly emphasize that the United... |
train_16780 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | By some measures, the United States spent over $50 billion on new construction, additions, and alterations in public elementary and secondary schools and public and private postsecondary institutions in 2012. Although state and local governments are traditionally responsible for the majority of facilities in public K-1... | [
"According to the U.S. Department of Education (ED) data for FY2012, the most recent data available, public elementary and secondary education and other related programs spent $36.8 billion on construction and $3.3 billion on land and existing structures. According to College Planning & Management, U.S. colleges an... |
train_16781 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some aspects of the humanitarian crisis many feared would take place in March 2003 with the initial military operation in Iraq unfolded later as a result of the ongoing insurgency and sectarian violence. It is estimated that in total (including those displaced prior to the war) there may be as many as 2 million Iraqi r... | [
"Many experts consider national reconciliation the key to halting sectarian warfare and the displacement of Iraqis from their homes. While some experts agree that Iraq's major communities remain sharply divided over their relative positions in the power structure, in 2008 the Bush Administration reportedly attribut... |
train_16782 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Journal of the House of Representatives is the official record of the chamber's legislative actions. The Journal's contents include the titles of introduced legislation, the results of votes, presidential veto messages, and any other matters the House deems to be official proceedings. Unlike the Congressional Recor... | [
"The Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States is the official record of House proceedings. The Constitution, House rules and practices, and certain statutes define which proceedings are to be recorded, while the House itself controls how and to what extent the Journal 's contents are presented. ... |
train_16783 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Antiquities Act of 1906 (54 U.S.C. §§320301-320303) authorizes the President to proclaim national monuments on federal lands that contain "historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest." Monument proclamations typically seek to provide protections to f... | [
"The Antiquities Act of 1906 (54 U.S.C. §§320301-320303) authorizes the President to proclaim national monuments on federal lands that contain \"historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest.\" Monument proclamations typically seek to provide protectio... |
train_16784 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | November 2016 marked the third anniversary of the popular uprising that erupted in Kyiv's Maidan Square in late 2013 over the government's decision to reject closer relations with the European Union (EU). February 2017 will mark the third anniversary of the collapse of the Kremlin-favored government of Viktor Yanukovyc... | [
"Figure 1. UkraineSources: Map created by CRS. Map information generated by Hannah Fischer using data from the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (2016), Department of State (2015), Esri (2014), and DeLorme (2014). Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10 th and... |
train_16785 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Video broadcasts of congressional proceedings enable constituents, policy professionals, and other interested individuals to see Congress at work, learn about specific Members, and follow the legislative process. Members of Congress have always considered communication with constituents an essential part of their repre... | [
"From postal mail to social media, Members of Congress have regularly adopted and utilized new communications tools to better inform constituents about the workings of Congress and important policy matters. Some of these communications advancements also facilitate better information within Congress as it un dertake... |
train_16786 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The annual Foreign Operations appropriations bill is the primary legislative vehicle through which Congress reviews the U.S. foreign aid budget and influences executive branch foreign policymaking generally. It contains the largest share -- over two-thirds -- of total U.S. internationalaffairs spending. For Foreign Ope... | [
"During executive-legislative budget discussions during the final days of the105th Congress, negotiators added $880 million for Foreign Operations spending inFY1999 to amounts approved by the House and Senate ( H.R. 4569 and S. 2334 ) in September. Senior executive branch officials had advisedthe President to veto ... |
train_16787 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Several temporary provisions affecting the taxation of capital income were adopted in the 2001-2003 period. These provisions include lower individual tax rates, bonus depreciation (which allows part of the cost of equipment to be deducted upon acquisition), and lower individual income tax rates on dividends and capital... | [
"Several temporary provisions affecting the taxation of capital income were adopted in the 2001-2003 period, and further changes may be considered. The 2001 tax cuts provides a phased-in reduction of individual tax rates (typically around three percentage points), which are scheduled to sunset in 2010. The 2002 tax... |
train_16788 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Signed on January 4, 2011, the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (COMPETES 2010, P.L. 111-358) sought to improve U.S. competitiveness and innovation by authorizing, among other things, increased federal support for research in the physical sciences and engineering, as well as science, technology, engineering... | [
"On January 4, 2011, President Obama signed P.L. 111-358 , the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010. The law responds to concerns about U.S. competitiveness by increasing funding for research in the physical sciences and engineering; authorizing certain federal science, technology, engineering, and mathemat... |
train_16789 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government spends approximately one-third of its annual research and development (R&D) budget for intramural work to meet mission requirements in over 700 government laboratories (including Federally Funded Research and Development Centers). The technology and expertise generated by this endeavor may have a... | [
"The federal government will have spent an estimated $138.9 billion in FY2012 on research and development to meet the mission requirements of the federal departments and agencies. Approximately one-third of this is for intramural research and development (R&D) by federal laboratories (including support for Federall... |
train_16790 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The World Trade Organization (WTO) Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) provides a means for WTO Members to resolve disputes arising under WTO agreements. WTO Members must first attempt to settle their dispute through consultations, but if these fail the Member initiating the... | [
"From its inception in 1947, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), signed by the United States and ultimately by a total of 128 countries, provided for consultations and dispute resolution between GATT parties. A party could invoke Articles XXII and XXIII, the GATT consultation and dispute settlement p... |
train_16791 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Constitution grants Congress the power of the purse, but does not dictate how Congress must fulfill this constitutional duty. Congress has, therefore, developed certain types of budgetary legislation, along with rules and practices that govern its content and consideration. This set of budgetary legislation, rules,... | [
"The House and Senate passed H.R. 5325 ( P.L. 114-223 ), a continuing resolution (CR) that provides funding through December 9, 2016, for the programs and activities covered by 11 of the 12 regular appropriations bills. The legislation also included the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations bill... |
train_16792 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea established a comprehensive international legal framework for governing activities related to the world's oceans. UNCLOS was agreed to in 1982, but the United States never became a signatory nation. This report describes provisions of UNCLOS relating to living marine ... | [
"On November 16, 1994, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) entered into force, but not for the United States. UNCLOS was the culmination of more than 10 years of intense negotiation. However, the United States chose not to participate in UNCLOS in the early 1980s because of provisions ... |
train_16793 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report, updated through the 113th Congress, discusses U.S. security assistance to Taiwan (calling itself Republic of China (ROC)), including policy issues for Congress and legislation. Congress has oversight of the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA), P.L. 96-8, which has governed arms sales to Taiwan since 1979, when the ... | [
"This CRS Report discusses U.S. security assistance for Taiwan, formally called the Republic of China (ROC), particularly policy issues for Congress. It also lists sales of major defense articles and services to Taiwan, as approved by the President and notified to Congress since 1990. This report uses a variety of ... |
train_16794 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | At the beginning of a markup, committee members often make opening statements, usually not exceeding five minutes apiece. The first reading of the text of the bill to be marked up can be waived, either by unanimous consent or by adopting a non-debatable motion. The bill then is read for amendment, one section at a time... | [
"The primary legislative function of standing committees in the House of Representatives is to evaluate the thousands of bills and resolutions that Members introduce during each Congress. This evaluation process typically begins with an initial screening by which the majority party leaders and staff of each committ... |
train_16795 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Amtrak is the nation's primary provider of intercity passenger rail service. It was created by Congress in 1970 to preserve some level of intercity passenger rail service while enabling private rail companies to exit the money-losing passenger rail business. It is a quasi-governmental entity, a corporation whose stock ... | [
"Amtrak—officially, the National Railroad Passenger Corporation—is the nation's primary provider of intercity passenger rail service. Amtrak is structured as a private company, but virtually all its shares are held by the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). Amtrak was created by Congress in 1970 to pr... |
train_16796 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the decade between 1994 and 2004, the number of U.S. adults using the Internet increased from 15% to 63%, and by 2005, stood at 78.6%. From electronic mail to accessing information to watching videos to online purchasing, the Internet touches almost every aspect of modern life. The extent to which use of the Interne... | [
"The continued growth of the Internet for personal, government, and business purposes may be affected by a number of technology policy issues being debated by Congress. Among them are access to and regulation of broadband (high-speed) Internet services, computer and Internet security, Internet privacy, the impact o... |
train_16797 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Consumer advocates, proponents of wider use of market incentives in the health care sector, and some policy makers have called for greater price transparency. These measures might include posting prices in an accessible form or regulations constraining price discrimination (different prices charged to different custome... | [
"Price transparency helps consumers obtain price information easily, which allows them to make useful comparisons of costs of alternative choices. Price transparency may also mean that consumers understand how prices are set and are aware of any price discrimination (different prices charged to different customers)... |
train_16798 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 1997 Amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act are the most comprehensive and significant changes made since its original enactment. Several of the mostimportant changes were made regarding the discipline of children with disabilities. Congressattempted to strike "a careful balance between the L... | [
"On June 4, 1997, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997, P.L.105-17 , were signed into law. These amendments are the most comprehensive and significantchanges made to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) since its enactment in 1975.Several of the most important changes... |
train_16799 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Head Start is a federal program that has provided comprehensive early childhood development services to low-income children since 1965. The program seeks to promote school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of children through the provision of educational, health, nutritional, social, and other... | [
"Head Start is a federal program that has provided comprehensive early childhood development services to low-income children and their families since 1965. The comprehensive nature of the program includes educational, health, nutritional, and social services. These services are intended to prepare children to enter... |
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