id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_16800 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) is a potential reciprocal free trade agreement (FTA) that the United States and the European Union (EU) are negotiating with each other. Formal negotiations commenced in July 2013. Both sides initially aimed to conclude the negotiations in two years, but more r... | [
"The U.S.-EU trade and investment relationship, what many call the \"transatlantic economy,\" is a mut ually beneficial and globally significant relationship. It is not only the largest in the world, but also arguably the most important because of its sheer size (see Figure 1 ). At the same time, certain challenges... |
train_16801 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In response to Russia's annexation of the Crimean region of neighboring Ukraine and its support of separatist militants in Ukraine's east, the United States imposed a number of targeted economic sanctions on Russian individuals, entities, and sectors. The United States coordinated its sanctions with other countries, pa... | [
"Over the course of 2014, the U.S. government rolled out targeted economic sanctions on Russian individuals and entities in critical commercial sectors in response to that country's annexing of the Crimean region of neighboring Ukraine and its support of separatist militants in Ukraine's east. Designed to change be... |
train_16802 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Local election officials (LEOs) are critical to the administration of federal elections and the implementation of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA, P.L. 107-252). Two surveys of LEOs were performed, in 2004 and 2006, by Texas A&M University; the surveys were sponsored and coordinated by CRS. Although care needs ... | [
"U.S. elections are highly decentralized, with much of the responsibility for election administration residing with local election officials (LEOs). There are thousands of such officials, many of whom are responsible for all aspects of election administration in their local jurisdictions—including voter registratio... |
train_16803 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | To implement the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issues effluent limitation guidelines (ELG), or technology-based standards, for categories of industrial dischargers. These standards are implemented through permits issued by states or EPA to individual facilities. In November 2015, EPA ... | [
"Since 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed, promulgated, and is developing a number of regulations affecting the operation of the nation's steam electric power plants. Given the central role of electric power in the nation's economy, concerns have been raised about the cost and potential im... |
train_16804 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report highlights trends and data found in the State Department's annual Patterns of Global Terrorism report , (Patterns 2003) and addresses selected issues relating to its content. Thisreport will not be updated. On April 29, 2004, the Department of State released its annual Patterns of Global Terrorism report. A... | [
"On April 29, 2004, the Department of State released its Patterns of Global Terrorism report(hereafter referred to as Patterns 2003 ). (1) Shortly thereafter it was observed that the original numbersof terrorist attacks and casualties were understated and on June 22, 2004, an updated version wasreleased. (2) Revise... |
train_16805 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) is a voluntary program that provides farmers with financial and technical assistance to plan and implement soil and water conservation practices. EQIP is the largest agriculture conservation financial assistance program for working lands. EQIP was first authorized in ... | [
"The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) is a voluntary program that provides technical and financial assistance to eligible agricultural producers who wish to implement soil and water conservation practices. The purpose of EQIP is to promote agriculture production, forestry management, and environmenta... |
train_16806 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko snuffed out Belarus's modest progress toward democracy and a free market economy in the early 1990s and created an authoritarian, Soviet-style regime. Belarus has close historical and cultural ties to Russia. Russian policy toward Belarus appears to be focused on gaining contro... | [
"Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko snuffed out Belarus's modest progress toward democracy and a free market economy and created an authoritarian regime shortly after being elected as president in 1994. His regime is in rhetoric and policies a throwback to the Soviet era. Those advocating a stronger U.S. rol... |
train_16807 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and the Farm Service Agency (FSA) in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) currently administer 20 programs and subprograms that are directly or indirectly available to assist producers and landowners who wish to practice conservation on agricultural lands. The diff... | [
"The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers a number of agricultural conservation programs that assist private landowners with natural resource concerns. These include working land programs, land retirement and easement programs, watershed programs, emergency programs, technical assistance, and other pro... |
train_16808 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides background information and analysis of issues concerning possible congressional action to reduce the number of positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). Among other topics, the report discusses the constitutional framework that gu... | [
"Over the past 20 years, a number of commissions and task forces have examined the process by which the President makes appointments to certain positions with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). These groups have issued reports criticizing, among other things, the length of the process, the level ... |
train_16809 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When debtors file for bankruptcy protection under Title 11 of the U.S. Code, they may exempt the value of certain property; in many cases, this includes their homestead. In practical terms, to the extent that the property's value does not exceed the allowed exemption amount, the debtor may keep the property rather than... | [
"Prior to the enactment of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA), the amount that a debtor in bankruptcy could exempt as equity in a homestead was generally limited by two factors: (1) whether the domiciliary state allowed the debtor to choose between the federal and state exe... |
train_16810 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 1966, the federal government has provided guarantees and subsidies to approved private lenders or certain state government entities that make student loans. College graduates' enhanced human capital is generally not viewed as collateral. Lenders, without federal subsidies and guarantees, would charge interest rat... | [
"Since 1966, the federal government has provided guarantees and subsidies to approved private lenders or state government entities that make student loans. The aim: making higher education more affordable. Because college graduates' enhanced human capital is generally not viewed as collateral, without federal subsi... |
train_16811 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses FY2017 appropriations (discretionary budget authority) for the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Bureau of the Census (Census Bureau), which make up the Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA) in the U.S. Department of Commerce. The report will not be updated. The Administration's FY2017... | [
"This report discusses the FY2017 budget request, related congressional actions, and appropriations (discretionary budget authority) for the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Bureau of the Census (Census Bureau). These entities make up the Economics and Statistics Administration (ESA) in the U.S. Department of ... |
train_16812 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The First Circuit's ruling in Harvey v. Veneman brought much attention and uncertainty to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Organic Program. In the case, Harvey alleged that multiple provisions of the National Organic Program Final Rule (Final Rule) were inconsistent with the Organic Foods Production Act of... | [
"The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA) regulates the marketing of organic products by setting national standards for production and processing (handling). To be labeled or sold as \"organic,\" an agricultural product must be produced and handled without the use of synthetic substances, such as chemical pe... |
train_16813 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the government from providing official support or endorsement of religion and from interfering with individuals' exercise of religion. Balancing the constitutional protections under the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses, as these provisions are known, often l... | [
"The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the government from establishing religion (the Establishment Clause), which the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted to include a prohibition on official support or endorsement of religion. It also prohibits the government from interfering with individuals' exer... |
train_16814 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent research has demonstrated that compared to their peers current and former foster youth are more likely to experience negative outcomes in adulthood. This research, along with the efforts of policy makers and child welfare advocates, has brought greater attention to the challenges facing older youth in care and t... | [
"Since the mid-1980s, Congress has passed legislation that is intended to support older youth in foster care who are expected to leave care without being reunited with their parents or having another permanent family placement. At the center of these policies is the Chafee Foster Care Independence Program (CFCIP), ... |
train_16815 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The term Deepwater referred to more than a dozen separate Coast Guard acquisition programs for replacing and modernizing the service's aging fleet of deepwater-capable ships and aircraft. Until April 2007, the Coast Guard pursued these programs as a single, integrated acquisition program that was known as the Integrate... | [
"This report provides background information and oversight issues for Congress on what were referred to as the Coast Guard's Deepwater acquisition programs. The Coast Guard's proposed FY2012 budget submission proposed to eliminate the use of \"Deepwater\" as a term for grouping or referring collectively to these ac... |
train_16816 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | More than 1,800 commemorative stamps have been issued since the first in 1893. In recent years they have been marketed to attract non-collectors and children. In 2007, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) will issue 99 different commemorative stamps. In considering subjects for commemorative stamps, the USPS Citizens' Stamp ... | [
"Postage stamps were introduced in 1847, but for a half century the designs were limited to images of Presidents and founding fathers. The first commemorative postage stamps were issued in 1893 to mark the Columbian Exposition of that year. The success of the Columbian stamp series prompted the Post Office Departme... |
train_16817 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. Pakistan is a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. The history of democracy in Pakistan is a troubled one marked by ongoing tripartite power struggles among presidents, prime ministe... | [
"A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. The history of democracy in Pakistan is a troubled one marked by ongoing tripartite power struggles among presidents, prime ministers, and army chiefs. Military regimes have ruled Pakista... |
train_16818 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. Since the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship in 1986, Haiti has struggled to overcome its centuries-long legacy of authoritarianism, extreme poverty, and underdevelopment. Economic and social stability improved considerably, and many analysts believed Ha... | [
"Figure 1. Map of Haiti Source: Map Resources. Adapted by CRS. Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic; Haiti occupies the western third of the island. Since the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship in 1986, Haiti has struggled to overcome its centuries-long legacy of authoritarianism, extrem... |
train_16819 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. Ongoing operations in Afghanistan, along with the operational role of the Reserve Components, further heighten interest in a wide range of military personnel policies and issues. The Congressional Research ... | [
"Each year, the House and Senate Armed Services Committees take up their respective versions of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). These bills contain numerous provisions that affect military personnel, retirees, and their family members. Provisions in one version are often not included in another; are ... |
train_16820 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses key aspects of the U.S.-Malaysia relationship (including economics and trade, counterterrorism cooperation, and defense ties) and the possible impact of Malaysia's 2008 elections on the future of the relationship. In parliamentary elections held on March 8, 2008, the Barisan Nasional (BN), which h... | [
"U.S. relations with Malaysia have been generally positive over the last few years. Both countries share interests in maintaining regional stability, dealing with militant Islamists and separatists, developing close trade and investment relationships, securing the safety of ships passing through the strategically i... |
train_16821 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. clothing imports from Vietnam grew from virtually nothing in 2000 to $4.3 billion in 2007. Vietnam was the third largest source of clothing imports for the United States in 2006, behind (in order) China and Mexico. Much of that growth was the result of the gradual liberalization of U.S. trade policy towards Vietna... | [
"In the relatively short period of time since the United States resumed \"normal trade relations\" (NTR) with Vietnam in 2001, there have been several controversies regarding the importation of clothing from Vietnam into the United States. The controversies surrounding U.S. clothing imports from Vietnam include all... |
train_16822 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Relying on different legal standards, courts have historically upheld laws authorizing law enforcement's compulsory collection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as reasonable under the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. However, prior cases reviewed the extraction of DNA samples from people who had been convicted ... | [
"In recent years, state and federal laws have facilitated law enforcement's expanded use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for investigating and prosecuting crimes. Such laws authorize compulsory collection of biological matter, which local law enforcement agencies send to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for... |
train_16823 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In March 2013, President Obama notified Congress that his Administration would seek a comprehensive Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) with the European Union (EU). In addition to addressing tariffs and other trade restrictions, the negotiations seek to reduce regulatory barriers to transatlantic com... | [
"In November 2011, President Obama and leaders of the European Union (EU) named a High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth to recommend steps to broaden transatlantic economic ties. In its final report, issued in February 2013, the working group called for a new bilateral agreement to govern transatlantic trade ... |
train_16824 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal habeas corpus is the process under which those in official detention may petition a federal court for their release based on an assertion that they are being held in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States. Major habeas legislative activity in the 111th Congress fell within three areas: propo... | [
"Habeas corpus is the procedure under which an individual held in custody may petition a federal court for his release on the grounds that his detention is contrary to the Constitution or laws of the United States. It has been sought by state and federal prisoners convicted of criminal offenses and by the detainees... |
train_16825 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 29, 2009, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the National Bank Act (NBA) does not preempt states from bringing judicial actions against national banks to enforce non-preempted state anti-discrimination laws, and by implication state consumer protection laws, as long as the state authorities do not encroach on th... | [
"The existence of the dual banking system and the relative insulation of federally chartered national banks from state law form the backdrop of Cuomo v. The Cle aring House Association, L.L.C. ( Clearing House Association ), in which the Supreme Court, in a five-to-four decision announced on June 29, 2009, ruled th... |
train_16826 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 110th Congress is considering legislation and conducting oversight on National Park Service (NPS) related topics. The Administration is addressing park issues through budgetary, regulatory, and other actions. This report focuses on several key topics. Centennial Initiative. President Bush's National Park Centennial... | [
"The National Park System is perhaps the federal land best known to the public. The National Park Service (NPS) in the Department of the Interior (DOI) manages 391 units, including units formally entitled national parks and a host of other designations. The system has more than 84 million acres. The NPS had an appr... |
train_16827 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a laboratory of the Department of Commerce, is mandated to provide technical services to facilitate the competitiveness of U.S. industry. NIST is directed to offer support to the private sector for the development of precompetitive generic technologies and the ... | [
"The U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is the \"lead national laboratory for providing the measurements, calibrations, and quality assurance techniques which underpin United States commerce, technological progress, improved product reliability and manufacturing proc... |
train_16828 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In its most comprehensive campaign finance ruling since Buckley v. Valeo in 1976, on December 10, 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld against facial constitutional challenges key portions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), P.L. 107-155, also known as the McCain-Feingold or Shays-Meehan campaign finan... | [
"The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) is the most recently enacted federal law regulating money in the political sphere. One of the first such federal campaign finance law dates back to the 1907 Tillman Act, which responded to President Roosevelt's request for legislation prohibiting all corporate poli... |
train_16829 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in the federal rulemaking process is the systematic examination, estimation, and comparison of the potential economic costs and benefits resulting from the promulgation of a new rule. Agencies with rulemaking authority implement regulations that carry the force of law. While this system allo... | [
"Congress has granted many federal agencies the authority to issue regulations that carry the force of law. This grant of authority raises the issue of how those agencies should be held accountable for the regulations they implement. One method of maintaining accountability is requiring agencies to analyze the pote... |
train_16830 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completes its reviews of the ozone, particulate matter (PM), and lead air quality standards—the PM review was completed in September 2006, the ozone review in March 2008, and the lead review is due for completion in September 2008—the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee ... | [
"Setting National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) is an action that is at the core of the Clean Air Act. NAAQS apply to \"criteria\" pollutants—pollutants that \"endanger public health or welfare,\" and whose presence in ambient air \"results from numerous or diverse mobile or stationary sources.\" Six pollut... |
train_16831 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Most bills and joint resolutions introduced in the Senate, and many House-numbered bills and joint resolutions received by the Senate after House passage, are referred to committee. Some bills and joint resolutions, however, are not referred to committee. This report examines the alternative procedures and actions that... | [
"When a Senator introduces a bill or joint resolution, the measure is usually referred to committee, pursuant to provisions of Senate Rules XIV, XVII, and XXV. When the House informs the Senate that it ha s passed a bill or joint resolution that was introduced in the House, and the Senate receives the measure, the ... |
train_16832 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Illegal logging is a pervasive problem throughout the world, affecting countries that produce, export, and import wood and wood products. Illegal logging is generally defined as the harvest, transport, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of national laws. In some timber-producing countries in the developing world,... | [
"Illegal logging is a pervasive problem affecting countries that produce, export, and import wood and wood products. Some have estimated that between 2% and 4% of softwood lumber and plywood traded globally, and as much as 23% to 30% of hardwood lumber and plywood traded globally, could be from illegal logging acti... |
train_16833 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Executive orders requiring agencies to impose certain conditions on federal contractors as terms of their contracts have raised questions about presidential authority to issue such orders. Such executive orders typically cite the President's constitutional authority, as well as his authority pursuant to the Federal Pro... | [
"Executive orders requiring agencies to impose certain conditions on federal contractors as terms of their contracts have raised questions about presidential authority to issue such orders. These orders typically cite the President's constitutional authority, as well as his authority pursuant to the Federal Propert... |
train_16834 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Drought conditions often fuel congressional interest in federal assistance. While drought planning and preparedness are largely individual, business, local, and state responsibilities, some federal assistance is available to mitigate drought impacts. While much of the federal assistance is targeted at mitigating impact... | [
"Droughts raise several issues for Congress, including how to measure and predict drought, how to prepare, and how to coordinate federal agency actions responding to drought. In addition to resulting in agricultural losses, droughts also can affect the water supplies of individuals, communities, industries, species... |
train_16835 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has generally broad authority to impose requirements upon the federal procurement process (i.e., the process whereby agencies acquire supplies and services from other entities for the agency's direct benefit or use). One of the many ways in which Congress has exercised this authority is by enacting measures th... | [
"C ongress has generally broad authority to impose requirements upon the federal procurement process (i.e., the process whereby agencies acquire supplies and services from other entities for the agency's direct benefit or use). One of the many ways in which Congress has exercised this authority is by enacting measu... |
train_16836 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 1989, the federal government has spent over $96.1 billion for disaster assistance provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Over $4.4 billion of the disaster assistance was for hazard mitigation of natural disasters such as floods, wildfires, hurricanes, tornados, and earthquakes. The unpredicta... | [
"Since 1989, the federal government has spent over $96.1 billion for disaster assistance provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Because of the unforeseeable nature of disasters, predicting the level of federal disaster assistance presents a fiscal management challenge. In June 1998, the Directo... |
train_16837 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In December 2007, the Federal Communications Commission relaxed its newspaper/broadcast ownership ban (order released February 2008). The decision raised concerns in Congress about increasing media consolidation that have long been at the forefront of the debate over ownership restrictions. The Commission's order serve... | [
"On December 18, 2007, the Federal Communications Commission (\"FCC\" or \"Commission\") concluded a review of its broadcast ownership rules by relaxing the ban on cross-ownership of a newspaper and a broadcast station in certain markets. The order adopted that day ended agency proceedings that had been ongoing for... |
train_16838 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For some time now, ballistic missile defense (BMD) has been a key national security priority, even though such interest has been ongoing since the end of World War II. Many current BMD technologies date their start to the 1980s, and even earlier. This effort has been challenging technically and politically controversia... | [
"Since the mid-1980s, many decision makers and others have demonstrated serious interest in deploying ballistic missile defense (BMD) systems capable of defending the United States from ballistic missile attack. Events over the past two decades contributed to strengthen these views. The collapse of the Soviet Union... |
train_16839 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As Congress considers potential legislation related to trade agreements, the potential impact on U.S. workers and firms is part of the debate. The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs were first authorized by Congress in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adapt to import competition and dis... | [
"T he Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs were first authorized by Congress in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, to help workers and firms adjust to import competition and dislocation caused by trade liberalization. Although overall economic welfare can be increased by trade liberalization, TAA ha... |
train_16840 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The "space age" began on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union (USSR) launched Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite. Some U.S. policymakers, concerned about the USSR's ability to launch a satellite, thought Sputnik might be an indication that the United States was trailing behind the USSR in science and tec... | [
"Current U.S. space policy is based on a set of fundamental factors which, according to an Eisenhower presidential committee, \"give importance, urgency, and inevitability to the advancement of space technology.\" These factors were developed fifty years ago as a direct result of the Soviet Union's (USSR) launch of... |
train_16841 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In March 2011, AT&T announced an agreement to acquire T-Mobile USA (T-Mobile) from Deutsche Telekom for $25 billion in cash and $14 billion in AT&T stock, subject to the approval of the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Post-merger, Deutsche Telekom (DT) would own approximatel... | [
"In March 2011, AT&T, the largest telecommunications company in the United States by market capitalization, announced an agreement to acquire T-Mobile USA (T-Mobile) from Deutsche Telekom on a debt-free basis for $25 billion in cash and $14 billion in AT&T stock, subject to the approval of the Department of Justice... |
train_16842 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers several permanently authorized programs to help producers recover from natural disasters. Most of these programs offer financial assistance to producers for a loss in the production of crops or livestock. In addition to the production assistance programs, USDA also ... | [
"Natural disasters can have varying effects on the landscape. For agricultural producers, natural disasters are part of the inherent risk of doing business. The federal role for mitigating weather risk is primarily through federal crop insurance and a suite of agricultural disaster assistance programs to address a ... |
train_16843 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The General Services Administration (GSA), through its Public Buildings Service (PBS), is the primary federal real property and asset management agency, with a portfolio consisting of 8,847 buildings and structures with an estimated replacement value of $68.8 billion in FY2006. GSA is also responsible for completing ne... | [
"The General Services Administration (GSA), through its Public Buildings Service (PBS), is the primary federal real property and asset management agency, with a portfolio consisting of 8,847 buildings and structures with an estimated replacement value of $68.8 billion in FY2006. GSA is also responsible for completi... |
train_16844 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the First Session of the 110 th Congress, three data security bills were reported favorably out of Senate committeesâ S. 239 (Feinstein), a bill to require federal agencies, and persons engaged in interstate commerce, in possession of data containing sensitive personally identifiable information, to disclose a... | [
"Because concerns about possible identity theft resulting from data breaches are widespread, Congress spent a considerable amount of time in the 109 th Congress assessing data security practices and working on data breach legislation that would require companies to safeguard sensitive personal data and notify consu... |
train_16845 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report introduces the main steps through which a bill (or other item of business) may travel in the legislative process—from introduction to committee and floor consideration to possible presidential consideration. However, the process by which a bill can become law is rarely predictable and can vary significantly... | [
"Article I of the U.S. Constitution grants all legislative powers to a bicameral Congress: a House of Representatives and a Senate that are the result of a \"Great Compromise\" seeking to balance the effects of popular majorities with the interests of the states. Our system currently provides for a two-year term of... |
train_16846 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the spring of 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court considered a set of challenges alleging that the contraceptive coverage regulations under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) violate the federal Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). Following oral arguments in which the eight sitting Justices appeared to be evenly divided, ... | [
"I n the spring of 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court considered a set of challenges alleging that the contraceptive coverage regulations under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) violate the federal Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). Following oral arguments in which the eight sitting Justices appeared to be evenly div... |
train_16847 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This CRS Report analyzes the security implications of Taiwan's presidential election of March 22, 2008. This analysis draws in part from direct information gained through a visit to Taiwan to observe the election and to discuss views with a number of interlocutors, including those advising or aligned with President Che... | [
"This CRS Report analyzes the security implications of Taiwan's presidential election of March 22, 2008, including the implications for U.S. assessments, security interests, and options for policymakers in Congress and the Bush Administration. This analysis draws in part from direct information gained through a vis... |
train_16848 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2000 elections resulted in a Senate composed of 50 Republicans and 50 Democrats. An historic agreement, worked out by the party floor leaders, in consultation with their party colleagues, was presented to the Senate ( S.Res. 8 ) on January 5, 2001, and agreed to the same day. The agreement was expanded by a leaders... | [
"The November 2000 elections caused the Senate to be tied with 50 Republicans and 50 Democrats. The issue was further complicated by the election of Richard B. Cheney as Vice President. When the 107 th Congress convened on January 3, 2001, the incumbent Vice President, Albert Gore Jr., presided until Vice President... |
train_16849 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Controversies have arisen in several states over establishment of ambient water quality standards. At issue is whether states are setting standards at levels that adequately protect public health from pollutants in waterways. Some groups argue that states are adopting overly stringent standards that are unattainable an... | [
"C ontroversies have arisen in several states over establishment of ambient water quality standards. At issue is whether states are setting standards at levels that adequately protect public health from pollutants in waterways. Some groups argue that states are adopting overly stringent standards that are unattaina... |
train_16850 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Unemployment Insurance (UI) are forms of social insurance that provide protection against the risk of economic loss due to specific adverse events. SSDI provides long-term benefits to nonelderly workers and their eligible dependents if the worker is unable to engage in su... | [
"Although Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Unemployment Insurance (UI) both provide income support to eligible individuals, the two programs serve largely separate populations. SSDI provides long-term benefits to statutorily disabled individuals who worked in jobs covered by Social Security and to th... |
train_16851 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor aircraft that takes off and lands vertically like a helicopter and flies forward like an airplane. Department of Defense plans call for procuring a total of 458 V-22s, including 360 MV-22s for the Marine Corps; 50 CV-22 special operations variants for U.S. Special Operations Command, or ... | [
"The V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor aircraft that takes off and lands vertically like a helicopter and flies forward like an airplane. Department of Defense (DOD) plans call for procuring a total of 458 V-22s—360 MV-22s for the Marine Corps; 50 CV-22 special operations variants for U.S. Special Operations Command, or ... |
train_16852 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United Nations Security Council unanimously passed Res. 1874 on June 12, 2009, in response to North Korea's second nuclear test. The resolution puts in place a series of sanctions on North Korea's arms sales, luxury goods, and financial transactions related to its weapons programs, and calls upon states to inspect ... | [
"Since the breakdown of the Six-Party Talks over verification issues in December 2008, North Korea has carried out a series of increasingly provocative acts that have challenged the Obama Administration and the world community. In January and February, North Korea presented the newly inaugurated Obama Administratio... |
train_16853 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Mentor-protégé programs typically seek to pair new businesses with more experienced businesses in mutually beneficial relationships. Protégés may receive financial, technical, or management assistance from mentors in obtaining and performing federal contracts or subcontracts, or serving as suppliers under such contract... | [
"Mentor-protégé programs are designed to assist small business development, focusing on enhancing the protégé's capacity to serve as either a prime contractor or a subcontractor in federal contracts. These programs typically seek to pair new businesses and more experienced businesses in mutually beneficial relation... |
train_16854 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) is the primary legislative vehicle for federal policymaking regarding teachers and instructional quality in the nation's elementary and secondary schools. Authorization for ESEA programs and policies, enacted through the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), ... | [
"Policymaking at the federal level reflects a growing awareness that improving educational outcomes depends greatly upon increasing the quality of classroom instruction. In establishing the student performance standards and accountability provisions in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB, P.L. 107-110 ), leg... |
train_16855 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The November 2013 negotiations in Warsaw are the most recent in a series aimed at arranging multilateral cooperation to address climate change. The United Nations launched formal international negotiations in 1990 to respond to growing scientific and public concern about human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG... | [
"Members of Congress hold diverse views about the value of international cooperation to address climate change. While some Members are convinced that human-induced climate change is a high priority risk that must be addressed through federal actions and international cooperation, others are not convinced of signifi... |
train_16856 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal campaign finance law is composed of a complex set of limits, restrictions, and requirements on money and other things of value that are spent or contributed in the context of federal elections. While the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA, or Act) sets forth the statutory provisions governing this area of law,... | [
"F ederal campaign finance law is composed of a complex set of limits, restrictions, and requirements on money and other things of value that are spent or contributed in the context of federal elections. While the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA, or Act) sets forth the statutory provisions governing this area o... |
train_16857 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is the primary federal statute providing labor standards for most, but not all, private and public sector employees. The FLSA standards require that "non-exempt" employees working excess hours in a workweek receive pay at the rate of one-and-a-half times their regular rate for hours ... | [
"The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) published an updated rulemaking for the overtime exemptions for executive, administrative, and professional (EAP) employees on May 23, 2016, with an effective date of December 1, 2016. However, on November 22, 2016, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas issued... |
train_16858 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The overthrow of Haiti's first democratically elected president in September 1991 propelledHaiti into its worst crisis since popular protests brought down the 29-year dictatorship of theDuvalier family in 1986. Father Jean-Bertrand Aristide was elected President of Haiti in a landslidevictory on December 16, 1990, in w... | [
"Politics in Haiti have been generally violent and authoritarian, ever since Haiti became anindependent republic in 1804, when African-descended slaves revolted against their French colonialmasters. Between the end of the rule of Toussaint Louverture (leader of the slave rebellion) in 1803,and Francois Duvalier, fo... |
train_16859 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title XVII of the Carl Levin and Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (P.L. 113-291) established the National Commission on the Future of the Army (NCFA) to conduct a comprehensive study of the structure of the Army. The NCFA reported its findings to Congress and the Administr... | [
"Title XVII of the Carl Levin and Howard P. \"Buck\" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 ( P.L. 113-291 ) established the National Commission on the Future of the Army (NCFA) to conduct a comprehensive study of the structure of the Army (see the Appendix ). The NCFA reported its findings ... |
train_16860 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article 1, Section 8 of the United States Constitution provides Congress with the explicit power to collect taxes. Implicit in that power to collect revenue is also the power to spend that revenue. This clause is known as the Taxing and Spending Clause of the Constitution, and the Supreme Court has found that it grants... | [
"Article 1, Section 8 of the United States Constitution provides Congress with the explicit power to collect taxes. Implicit in that power to collect revenue is also the power to spend that revenue. This clause is known as the Taxing and Spending Clause of the Constitution, and the Supreme Court has found that it g... |
train_16861 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under Title IV-E of the Social Security Act, states are entitled to open-ended reimbursement for the cost of providing foster care, adoption assistance, and (in states that choose to provide it) kinship guardianship assistance. Additional mandatory funding is available, on a capped basis, for services to youth who "age... | [
"The President's FY2016 budget seeks new authority under the federal foster care, adoption assistance, and kinship guardianship assistance program (authorized in Title IV-E of the Social Security Act) to support services intended to prevent children's entry to foster care and ensure appropriate care and treatment f... |
train_16862 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many businesses have developed proprietary information that provides a competitive advantage because it is not known to others. As the United States continues its shift to a knowledge- and service-based economy, the strength and competitiveness of domestic firms increasingly depends upon their know-how and intangible a... | [
"In recent years Congress has shown considerable interest in promoting the strength and international competitiveness of U.S. industry. Several recent legislative proposals have concerned the intellectual property laws, a widely recognized mechanism for promoting innovation. In the 113 th Congress, H.R. 2466 , the ... |
train_16863 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the past several years, high oil and gas prices, instability in many oil-producing countries, and concerns about global climate change have heightened interest in ethanol and other biofuels as alternatives to petroleum products. Reducing oil dependency is a goal shared by the United States and many countries in Lati... | [
"Recent high oil and gas prices and concerns about global climate change have heightened interest in ethanol and other biofuels as alternatives to petroleum products. The Western Hemisphere produces more than 80% of the world's biofuels, led by Brazil (producing sugar-based ethanol) and the United States (producing... |
train_16864 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 24, 2011, the Department of Defense (DOD) announced the Boeing Company as the winner of a competition to build 179 new KC-46A aerial refueling tankers for the Air Force, a contract valued at roughly $35 billion. Prior to the announcement, the program had been known as KC-X. The KC-46A acquisition program is... | [
"On February 24, 2011, the Department of Defense (DOD) announced the Boeing Company as the winner of a competition to build 179 new KC-46A aerial refueling tankers for the Air Force, a contract valued at roughly $35 billion. The KC-Xs, to be procured at a maximum rate of 15 aircraft per year, are to replace roughly... |
train_16865 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Leaders in both chambers of Congress have listed immigration reform as a legislative priority in the 113th Congress. Most policymakers agree that the main issues in "comprehensive immigration reform" (CIR) include increased border security and immigration enforcement, improved employment eligibility verification, revis... | [
"Leaders in both chambers of Congress have indicated that immigration reform is a legislative priority in the 113 th Congress. The main elements of \"comprehensive immigration reform\" (CIR) legislation typically include increased border security and immigration enforcement, improved employment eligibility verifica... |
train_16866 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines Germany's response to global Islamic terrorism after the September 11,2001 attacks in the United States. It looks at current German strategy, domestic efforts, andinternational responses, including possible gaps and weaknesses. It examines the state ofU.S.-German cooperation, including problems and... | [
"Historically, Germany's experience with terrorism has been predominantly with domesticgroups. Since the 1970s, Germany has demonstrated both the willingness and capability to combatdomestic sources of terrorism. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, however, it became apparentto many within and outside Germany ... |
train_16867 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has helped 3.69 million Afghan refugees return to Afghanistan since March 2002, marking the largest assisted return operation in its history. In addition, more than 1.11 million refugees have returned to Afghanistan without availing themselves of UNHCR's assista... | [
"The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has helped over 3.69 million Afghan refugees return to Afghanistan since March of 2002, marking the largest assisted return operation in UNHCR's history. In addition, more than a million refugees have returned to Afghanistan without availing themselves of U... |
train_16868 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report focuses on mass shootings and selected implications they have for federal policy in the areas of public health and safety. While such crimes most directly impact particular citizens in very specific communities, addressing these violent episodes involves officials at all levels of government and professiona... | [
"Shooting incidents such as the one at Sandy Hook Elementary School in December 2012 and the one at an Aurora, CO, movie theater in July 2012 have focused attention on federal policy issues in the law enforcement, public health, and education arenas, among others. The Congressional Research Service (CRS) has identi... |
train_16869 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title XI of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY2004, P.L. 108-136 , includesprovisions on a National Security Personnel System (NSPS) for the Department of Defense (DOD)and provisions on personnel management that are applicable government-wide. The law was enactedon November 24, 2003. Title XI, Subtitle A, of... | [
"In April 2003, the Department of Defense (DOD) sent a proposal entitled \"The DefenseTransformation for the 21st Century Act\" to Congress. (1) Changes in the uniformed military personnel and acquisitionsystems were the principal focus of the proposal. However, it also recommended changes to thestatutory bases for... |
train_16870 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 1971, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) has been a self-supporting government agency that covers its operating costs with revenues generated through the sales of postage and related products and services. The USPS is experiencing significant financial challenges. After running modest profits from FY2003 through FY20... | [
"Since 1971, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) has been a self-supporting, wholly governmental entity. Prior to that time, the federal government provided postal services via the U.S. Post Office Department (USPOD), a federal agency that received annual appropriations from Congress. Members of Congress were involved i... |
train_16871 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | "Conflict minerals" are ores that, when sold or traded, have played key roles in helping to fuel conflict and extensive human rights abuses, since the late 1990s, in far eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The main conflict minerals are the so-called the "3TGs": ores of tantalum and niobium, tin, tungsten, ... | [
"The term \"conflict minerals\" is used to describe metal ores that, when mined, sold, or traded, are widely reported to play key roles in fueling armed conflict and human rights abuses in several far eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire). The main minerals at issue are col... |
train_16872 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The April 24, 2013, collapse of an eight-story garment factory, called Rana Plaza, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, resulted in the deaths of more than 1,100 workers. It is reportedly now considered the deadliest accident in the history of the apparel industry. Congress has had a long-standing interest in supporting international... | [
"On April 24, 2013, Rana Plaza, an eight-story building, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, collapsed, killing more than 1,100 garment workers. It brought international focus on portions of the global supply chain. It also raised the issue of what might be done to improve working conditions, especially for lower-wage workers in... |
train_16873 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA) established a prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries under Part D, which began on January 1, 2006. One provision of MMA, the "noninterference" clause, expressly forbids the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) from interferin... | [
"The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA) established a prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries under Part D, which began on January 1, 2006. The MMA establishes that Medicare beneficiaries will receive the prescription drug benefit through private organizations, typical... |
train_16874 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Hyperlinking, in-line linking, caching, framing, thumbnails. Terms that describe Internet functionality pose interpretative challenges for the courts as they determine how these activities relate to a copyright holder's traditional right to control reproduction, display, and distribution of protected works. At issue is... | [
"Hyperlinking, in-line linking, caching, framing, thumbnails. Terms that describe Internet functionality pose interpretative challenges for the courts as they determine how these activities relate to a copyright holder's traditional right to control reproduction, display, and distribution of protected works. At iss... |
train_16875 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | International child labor has become an increasingly important issue in discussions concerninginternational trade, human rights and foreign aid. While a number of international, national and localinitiatives seek to abolish the practice, there continues to be a debate on what constitutes child labor. Some consider any ... | [
"Table 1. Estimates of Children in Economic Activity, Child Labor, and Hazardous Work, 2000 (in thousands) Source: ILO, Every Child Counts: New Global Estimates on Child Labor Table 2. Estimated Number of Children in Worst Forms of ChildLabor, 2000 (in thousands) Source: ILO, Every Child Counts: New Global Estimate... |
train_16876 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress typically considers a wide range of immigration issues and now that the number of foreign born residents of the United States—32.5 million in 2002—is at the highest point in U.S. history, the debates over immigration policies grow in importance. As a backdrop to these debates, this report provides an introduct... | [
"Four major principles underlie U.S. policy on legal permanent immigration: the reunification of families, the admission of immigrants with needed skills, the protection of refugees, and the diversity of admissions by the country of origin. These principles are embodied in federal law, the Immigration and Nationali... |
train_16877 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. Recent military operations in Iraq and ongoing operations in Afghanistan, along with the operational role of the Reserve Components, further heighten interest in a wide range of military personnel policies ... | [
"Each year, the Senate and House Armed Services Committees report their respective versions of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). These bills contain numerous provisions that affect military personnel, retirees, and their family members. Provisions in one version are often not included in another; are t... |
train_16878 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is the federal agency primarily responsible for safety in the rail industry. FRA's safety programs were last authorized in 1994; their authorization expired in 1998. Most measures of rail safety have improved significantly since FRA's last authorization, including the number of... | [
"The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation is the federal agency primarily responsible for promoting and regulating the safety of the railroad industry. The FRA's rail safety programs were last authorized in 1994 ( P.L. 103 - 440 ); that authorization expired at the end of F... |
train_16879 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On November 3, 2010, the Federal Reserve (Fed) announced that it would purchase an additional $600 billion of Treasury securities, an action that has popularly been dubbed quantitative easing or "QE2." This announcement followed purchases since March 2009 of $300 billion of Treasury securities, $175 billion of agency d... | [
"On November 3, 2010, the Federal Reserve (Fed) announced that it would purchase an additional $600 billion of Treasury securities, an action that has popularly been dubbed quantitative easing or \"QE2.\" This announcement followed purchases of $300 billion of Treasury securities, $175 billion of agency debt, and $... |
train_16880 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is a means-tested program that provides health coverage to targeted low-income children and pregnant women in families that have annual income above Medicaid eligibility levels but do not have health insurance. CHIP is jointly financed by the federal government and t... | [
"Under the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) statute, FY2017 is the last year federal CHIP funding is provided, even though the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148 , as amended) child maintenance of effort (MOE) requirement is in place through FY2019. The ACA MOE provision r... |
train_16881 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The role of natural gas in the U.S. economy has been a major part of the energy policy debate in the 114th Congress. This report briefly explains key aspects of global natural gas markets, including supply and demand, and major U.S. developments. Natural gas is considered by some as a potential bridge fuel to a lower-c... | [
"The role of natural gas in the U.S. economy has been a major part of the energy policy debate in the 114 th Congress. Both the House and the Senate have held multiple hearings related to natural gas. Numerous bills have been introduced in both houses. This report highlights key aspects of global natural gas market... |
train_16882 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the end of World War II, the United States has experienced almost continuous inflation—the general rise in the price of goods and services. It would be difficult to find a similar period in American history before that war. Indeed, prior to World War II, the United States often experienced long periods of deflati... | [
"Inflation—the general rise in the prices of goods and services—is one of the differentiating characteristics of the U.S. economy in the post-World War II era. Except for 1949, 1955, and 2009, the prices of goods and services have, on average, risen each year since 1945. The cumulative effect of this inflation is s... |
train_16883 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A commercial bank is an institution that obtains either a federal or state charter that allows it to accept federally insured deposits and pay interest to depositors. In addition, the charter allows banks to make residential and commercial mortgage loans; to provide check cashing and clearing services; to underwrite se... | [
"A commercial or depository bank is typically a corporation that obtains either a federal or state charter to accept federally insured deposits and pay interest to depositors. Commercial banks also make residential and commercial mortgage loans, consumer loans, provide check cashing and clearing services, and may u... |
train_16884 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As more purchases are made over the Internet, states are looking for new ways to collect taxes on online sales. There is a common misperception that the U.S. Constitution prohibits states from taxing Internet sales. This is not true. States may impose sales and use taxes on such transactions, even when the retailer is ... | [
"R ecently, several states have enacted legislation intended to capture use taxes on sales made by out-of-state sellers to in-state customers. These laws are commonly referred to as \"Amazon laws,\" in reference to the Internet retailer. A use tax is the companion to a sales tax—in general, the sales tax is imposed... |
train_16885 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On November 15, 2007, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 3773, the RESTORE Act of 2007. On October 26, 2007, Senator Rockefeller reported S. 2248, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2007 or the FISA Amendment Act of 2007, an original bill, from the Senate Select Committee on Intel... | [
"During the 110 th Congress, several House and Senate committees have engaged in oversight activities, including hearings and requests for expeditious production of documents and information regarding the Administration's warrantless foreign intelligence surveillance programs, as possible changes to the Foreign Int... |
train_16886 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Social Security Act has always required surplus Social Security revenues (revenues in excess of program expenditures) to be invested in U.S. government securities (or U.S. government-backed securities). In recent years, attention has been focused on alternative investment practices in an effort to increase the inte... | [
"Social Security is financed primarily by payroll and self-employment taxes, as well as by a portion of the proceeds from the income taxation of Social Security benefits. The revenues are deposited in the U.S. Treasury. Social Security benefits and administrative expenses are also paid from the U.S. Treasury. By la... |
train_16887 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Paris Club is a voluntary, informal group of creditor nations who meet approximately 10 times per year to provide debt relief to developing countries. Members of the Paris Club agree to renegotiate and/or reduce official debt owed to them on a case-by-case basis. The United States is a key Paris Club Member and Con... | [
"The Paris Club is the major forum where creditor countries renegotiate official sector debts. Official sector debts are those that have been issued, insured, or guaranteed by creditor governments. A Paris Club 'treatment' refers to either a reduction and/or renegotiation of a developing country's Paris Club debts.... |
train_16888 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill includes funding for civil projects of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior'sBureau of Reclamation (BuRec), most of the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of independent agencies. The Administration requested $22 billion forthese programs... | [
"The President submitted his budget for FY2000 on February 1, 1999. In it was $22.0 billion for energyand water development programs. The request was $800million larger than the FY1999 appropriation of $21.2 billion. The Senate Subcommittee marked up the bill, S. 1186 , on May 25. As reported outby the full Appropr... |
train_16889 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to the Business Cycle Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the U.S. economy was in recession from December 2007 to June 2009. Congress passed and the President signed an economic stimulus package, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5), in February 2009... | [
"According to the Business Cycle Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the U.S. economy was in recession from December 2007 to June 2009. Congress passed and the President signed an economic stimulus package, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ( P.L. 111-5 ), in Februa... |
train_16890 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 authorized the Department of Agriculture (USDA) to make loans to farmers to enable them to construct, improve, repair, or replace dwellings and other farm buildings to provide decent, safe, and sanitary living conditions for themselves or their tenants, lessees, sharecroppers, and lab... | [
"Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 authorized the Department of Agriculture (USDA) to make loans to farmers to enable them to construct, improve, repair, or replace dwellings and other farm buildings to provide decent, safe, and sanitary living conditions for themselves or their tenants, lessees, sharecroppers, an... |
train_16891 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Conflicting budget priorities of the President and Congress accentuate the institutional tensions between the executive and legislative branches inherent in the federal budget process. Impoundment, whereby a President withholds or delays the spending of funds appropriated by Congress, provides an important mechanism fo... | [
"Debate about the appropriate relationship between the branches in the federal budget process seems inevitable, given the constitutional necessity of shared power in this sphere. Under the Constitution, Congress possesses the \"power of the purse\" (\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence of ... |
train_16892 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Nepal has undergone a radical political transformation since 2006, when a 10-year armed struggle by Maoist insurgents, which claimed at least 13,000 lives, officially came to an end. The country's king stepped down in 2006, and two years later Nepal declared itself a republic, electing a Constituent Assembly in 2008 to... | [
"Nepal has undergone a radical transformation in recent years as the nation ended its civil war, abolished the monarchy, and established a multi-party democratic republic. The former Maoist insurgents are once again part of the government and the country is moving forward to try to formulate a new constitution for ... |
train_16893 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA; P.L. 76-379), the federal unemployment tax on employers finances the states' administrative costs of Unemployment Compensation (UC) and loans to states with insolvent UC programs. The extended benefits program is funded 50% by the federal government and 50% by the states, b... | [
"Unemployment Compensation (UC) is a joint federal-state program and is financed by federal taxes under the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) and by state payroll taxes. The underlying framework of the UC system is contained in the Social Security Act: Title III authorizes grants to states for the administration ... |
train_16894 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Nearly all state and local governments sell bonds to finance public projects and certain qualified private activities. The federal government subsidizes state and local bond issuances through a number of policies. One such policy is the Tax Credit Bond (TCB), which provides a tax credit or direct payment to the issuer ... | [
"Nearly all state and local governments sell bonds to finance public projects and certain qualified private activities. The federal government subsidizes state and local bond issuances through a number of policies. The mostly widely utilized policy instrument is the tax-exempt bond, which excludes bond interest pay... |
train_16895 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Members of Congress and Administrations have periodically considered reorganizing the federal government's trade and development functions to advance various policy objectives. In its 2019 budget request, the Trump Administration included a proposal to consolidate the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) and ... | [
"Members of Congress and Administrations have periodically considered reorganizing the federal government's trade and development functions to advance various U.S. policy objectives. In the 115 th Congress, these issues have come to the fore in the context of development finance. \"Development finance\" is a term c... |
train_16896 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 10-year ban on the manufacture, transfer or possession of "semiautomatic assault weapons" (SAWs) and "large capacity ammunition feeding devices" (LCAFDs) expired on September 13, 2004. In statute, "SAWs" were defined in two ways. First, certain firearms were defined as SAWs by make and model. Second, other firearms... | [
"The 10-year statutory ban on the manufacture, transfer or possession of \"semiautomatic assault weapons\" (SAWs) and \"large capacity ammunition feeding devices\" (LCAFDs) that are capable of holding more than 10 rounds expired on September 13, 2004. The expiration of the SAW-LCAFD ban has been, and will likely re... |
train_16897 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The individual states have been the primary regulators of insurance in this country for the past 150 years. Congress specifically authorized the states' role in the 1945 McCarran-Ferguson Act (15 U.S.C. §§1011-1015), and state primacy in insurance regulation has been recognized in more recent laws shaping the financial... | [
"The individual states have been the primary regulators of insurance in this country for the past 150 years. The 1945 McCarran-Ferguson Act specifically authorized the states' role, and Congress has recognized state primacy in insurance regulation in more recent laws shaping the financial regulatory system, such as... |
train_16898 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In conflicts in Kosovo, Iraq, and Libya, the United States has taken part in establishing and maintaining no-fly zones. As no-fly zones represent a significant commitment of U.S. forces, and may prove a precursor to other military actions, Congress may wish to consider issues surrounding the strategy, international aut... | [
"Many diplomatic and military practitioners as well as theorists have argued that successful execution of a military operation depends on how well specific actions are matched to strategic intent. It has been argued that the imposition of any no-fly zone, a particular form of military operation, should begin with a... |
train_16899 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Inflation measures the rate of change in all prices. Maintaining low and stable inflation is one of the primary goals of macroeconomic policy. But how should inflation be measured? Policymakers, particularly at the Federal Reserve, often refer to core inflation in their policy decisions. Core inflation is commonly defi... | [
"Inflation, the general rise in the prices of goods and services, is important to policymakers for several reasons. First, rising inflation is unpopular with the public, in part because some households are more adversely affected by inflation than others. Second, high or rising inflation can reduce productivity by ... |
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