id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_16600 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One strategy that states are using to reduce the need for ongoing welfare is referred to as "diversion." Diversion is typically considered to be a payment, program, or activity that is intended to divert applicants for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits from completing the application process and t... | [
"During the past 10 years, many states have developed policies that try to divert from cash welfare assistance applicants who are thought to need the least amount of state help in becoming self-sufficient. State diversion programs consist of one or more of the following three components: (1) formal diversion assist... |
train_16601 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With the current economic downturn, Members of the 111th Congress are likely to be faced with many policy options aimed at economic improvement, including the possible consideration of amending visa categories for foreign investors. Foreign investors are often viewed as providing employment opportunities for U.S. citiz... | [
"With the current economic downturn, Members of the 111 th Congress are likely to be faced with many policy options aimed at economic improvement. A focus of past debates has been on the impact immigrants have on jobs and wages. Yet, these discussions frequently take on a different focus when it comes to foreign in... |
train_16602 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Nearly all of the outstanding debt of the federal government is subject to a statutory limit, which is set forth as a dollar limitation in 31 U.S.C. 3101(b). From time to time, Congress considers and passes legislation to adjust or suspend this limit. The annual budget resolution is required to include appropriate leve... | [
"Nearly all of the outstanding debt of the federal government is subject to a statutory limit. For years, the public debt limit has been codified in Section 3101(b) of Title 31 of the United States Code . Periodic adjustments to the debt limit typically have taken the form of amendments to 31 U.S.C. 3101(b), usuall... |
train_16603 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military servicemembers suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and depression, as well as military suicides, continue to be a major concern of Congress. Numerous legislative provisions have been enacted over the past years to address these issues. Members will likely seek to... | [
"The psychological health of active duty servicemembers has been an issue of significant concern for Congress in recent years, with particular attention to the links between deployments and psychological health concerns, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). News stories have emphasized the challenges face... |
train_16604 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses two different federal statutes that regulate beverage labels. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) and its implementing regulations outline requirements for beverage labels reflecting the different ingredients of the juice. The FDCA also prohibits misbranded food and beverages when labels are f... | [
"I n Pom Wonderful v. Coca-Cola , Pom first brought a suit in 2008 against Coca-Cola, claiming that Coca-Cola's Pomegranate Blueberry beverage name and label violates the Lanham Act and California's unfair competition laws because it misleads consumers to believe that the beverage consists of primarily pomegranate ... |
train_16605 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 (Perkins IV; P.L. 109-270) supports the development of academic and career and technical skills among secondary education students and postsecondary education students who elect to enroll in career and technical education (CTE) programs, sometim... | [
"The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 ( P.L. 109-270 ), reauthorized and revised the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998 (Perkins III; P.L. 105-332 ) and renamed the act the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (Perkins IV). Perk... |
train_16606 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Justice Department enjoys prosecutorial discretion to bring criminal charges against a corporation, its culpable officers or employees, or both. For a corporation, indictment alone can be catastrophic, if not fatal, in some instances. The Thompson Memorandum, since replaced with guidelines in the U. S. Attorneys Ma... | [
"A corporation is subject to civil and criminal liability for the misconduct that its officers, employees, and agents committed for its benefit. Federal authorities may prosecute a corporation; its officers, employees, and agents; or both. For a corporation, however, indictment can be fatal. Commentators point to t... |
train_16607 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Economic indicators confirm that the U.S. economy sunk into a recession in December 2007. Although some economic indicators suggest that growth has resumed, unemployment remains high and is projected to remain so for some time. Historically, international migration ebbs during economic crises; for example, immigration ... | [
"Economic indicators confirm that the economy went into a recession at the close of 2007. Although some economic indicators suggest that growth has resumed, unemployment remains high and is projected to remain so for some time. Historically, international migration ebbs during economic crises (e.g., immigration to ... |
train_16608 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In one of the most highly anticipated decisions in recent years, the Supreme Court released its ruling regarding the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in June 2012. In NFIB v. Sebelius, the Court largely affirmed the constitutionality of ACA, including its individual mandate provision. In a move that w... | [
"As part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), as amended, Congress enacted the \"individual mandate,\" which requires certain individuals to have a minimum level of health insurance. Individuals who fail to do so may be subject to a monetary penalty, administered through the tax code. Prior to A... |
train_16609 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has recognized the challenge of coordinating and sharing geospatial data from the local, county, and state level to the national level, and vice versa. The cost to the federal government of gathering and coordinating geospatial information has also been an ongoing concern. As much as 80% of government informat... | [
"Historically, the federal government has been a primary provider of authoritative geospatial information, but some argue that consumer demand for spatial information has triggered a major shift toward local government and commercial providers. The federal government has shifted, with some important exceptions, to ... |
train_16610 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the fall of 1998, financial crises in Asia, Russia, and Brazil were unfolding, though in different stages, as the 105thCongress was in the process of passing the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental AppropriationsAct forFY1999 ( H.R. 4328 , P.L. 105-277 ). This legislation increased the U.S. quota of the ... | [
"The International Monetary Fund, conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, is the institutiondesigned tosupport global trade and economic growth by helping maintain stability in the international financial system. Initially, theIMF served primarily industrialized countries by supporting currency convertib... |
train_16611 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Second chance homes for unwed teenage mothers are not a new concept in the nation. Before the mid-1880s, support for unwed teen mothers was primarily provided by family, friends, and churches. In 1883, Charles Crittenton founded the first "rescue home" (named for his daughter Florence) that eventually became a chain of... | [
"Second chance homes (SCHs, also referred to as maternity group homes) for unwed teenage mothers are not a new concept in the nation. They are a revival of an old institution, called the \"maternity home,\" in a new form to provide a safe, stable environment for teen mothers and their children who cannot live at ho... |
train_16612 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Clean Air Act (CAA) gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) broad authority to set ambient air quality standards to protect public health and welfare. It authorizes emission standards for both mobile and stationary air pollution sources, including cars, trucks, factories, power plants, fuels, consumer produ... | [
"In the past several Congresses, critics of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have focused much of their attention on the agency's regulatory actions under the Clean Air Act (CAA). (For a summary of those actions, see CRS Report R41561, EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or On Track? , by [author name s... |
train_16613 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Current health care reform discussions have included debates about the merits of creating an independent entity in Medicare to make changes in the program. Currently, Medicare policy is made largely by Congress and, to varying degrees, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the federal agency responsible... | [
"As the debate surrounding health care reform continues, there has been considerable discussion about creating a new, independent entity to determine Medicare policy. Currently, Medicare policy is made largely by Congress and, to varying degrees, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). CMS, housed wit... |
train_16614 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Promoting democratic institutions, processes, and values has long been a U.S. foreign policy objective, though the priority given to this objective has been inconsistent. World events, competing priorities, and political change within the United States all shape the attention and resources provided to democracy promoti... | [
"Congress has long expressed interest in supporting democratic governance and related rights in other countries as a means of projecting American values, enhancing U.S. security, and promoting U.S. economic interests. More than $2 billion annually has been allocated from foreign assistance funds over the past decad... |
train_16615 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Following several years of legislative discussion concerning patent reform, the Congress enacted P.L. 112-29, signed into law on September 16, 2011. The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or "AIA," made significant changes to the patent system, including: First-Inventor-to-File Priority System. The AIA shifted the U.S. p... | [
"P.L. 112-29 , the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or \"AIA,\" arguably made the most significant changes to the patent statute since the 19 th century. Among other provisions, the statute introduced into U.S. law a first-inventor-to-file priority rule, an infringement defense based upon prior commercial use, and ... |
train_16616 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 13, 2004, the "AGOA Acceleration Act of 2004" was signed by the Presidentand became P.L.108-274. This legislation amends the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA; P.L. 106-200, Title I), extending it to2015. AGOA seeks to spur economicdevelopment and help integrate Africa into the world trading system by gr... | [
"RS21772 -- AGOA III: Amendment to the African Growth and Opportunity Act Updated January 19, 2005 After two decades of economic stagnation and decline, some African countries began to show signs of renewed economic growth in the early 1990s. Thisgrowth was generally due to better global economic conditions and imp... |
train_16617 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Incentive compensation or incentive-based compensation refers to the portion of an employee's pay that is not fixed in contrast to an annual or monthly salary. Incentive compensation takes the form of variable contingent compensation, particularly cash bonuses, that are based on the attainment of certain firm or employ... | [
"Section 956 of Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act) requires financial regulators to adopt new rules placing certain limitations on the use of incentive or incentive-based compensation at financial firms. Section 956 was a response to the widely held but contested noti... |
train_16618 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a brief outline of the FY2014 appropriations legislation for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Administration requested $39.0 billion in adjusted net discretionary budget authority for DHS for FY2014, as part of an overall budget of $60.0 billion (including fees, trust funds, and other... | [
"This report provides an overview of appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The first portion of this report provides an overview and historical context for reviewing DHS appropriations, highlighting various aspects including the comparative size of DHS components, the amount of non-appropria... |
train_16619 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Medical malpractice and malpractice insurance continue to be issues of great concern tophysicians, consumers, legislators, and others. Most of the discussion about rising malpracticeinsurance premiums has centered on limiting the damage awards in malpractice suits, though someattention also has been given to insurance ... | [
"Medical malpractice and malpractice insurance continue to be issues of great concern tophysicians, consumers, legislators, and others. (1) Most of the discussion about the rising cost of malpracticeinsurance has centered on limiting the damage awards in malpractice suits. Some attention has beengiven to insurance ... |
train_16620 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In addition to various state processes, the legal framework for congressional redistricting involves constitutional and federal statutory requirements. Interpreting these requirements, in a series of cases and evolving jurisprudence, the U.S. Supreme Court has issued rulings that have significantly shaped how congressi... | [
"C ongressional redistricting involves the drawing of district boundaries from which voters elect their representatives t o the U.S. House of Representatives. Prior to the 1960s, court challenges to redistricting plans were generally considered to present non-justiciable political questions that were most appropria... |
train_16621 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal pay adjustment rates going into effect in January 2004, under Executive Order13322 (69 Federal Register231) were less than those in the pending Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004 (H.R. 2673). The GeneralSchedule (GS) and related salarysystems were limited to 2.0%, as opposed to the 4.1% subsequently passed. ... | [
"RS21689 -- Federal Pay - Status of January 2004 Adjustments: A Fact Sheet Updated January 24, 2004 Under 5 U.S.C. 5303, General Schedule basic salaries, and those of other related statutory systems, are to be adjusted the first pay periodbeginning on or after January 1 of each year (January 11, 2004). The adjustme... |
train_16622 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal policies aiming to improve the effectiveness of schools have historically focused largely on inputs, such as supporting teacher professional development, class-size reduction, and compensatory programs or services for disadvantaged students. Over the last two decades, however, interest in developing federal pol... | [
"The effectiveness of the nation's schools is a concern at all levels of government. It is generally held that all students in elementary and secondary education should have access to quality public schools, providing all students with an opportunity to meet rigorous academic standards. Examining whether students a... |
train_16623 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Hunting, fishing, trapping, and recreational shooting, particularly on federal lands, have been the subjects of various bills for several Congresses. In general, federal land management agencies work with state fish and game agencies in setting quotas, bag or size limits, and other specifics of management. Some agencie... | [
"Various bills in the 114 th Congress address issues related to hunting, fishing, and recreational shooting on federal and state lands. Hunting and conservation have been linked in federal wildlife legislation since the passage the Lacey Act of 1900 (the first federal wildlife law, making it a federal crime to ship... |
train_16624 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Thirty-seven years of experience implementing and enforcing the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) since its enactment have demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of the law and led many to propose legislative changes to TSCA's core provisions. The Safe Chemicals Act (S. 696) and the Chemical Safety Improvement Act... | [
"In 1976, President Gerald R. Ford signed the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) , giving the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) authority to regulate production and use of industrial chemicals in U.S. commerce in the interest of protecting health and the environment from unreasonable risks. Thirty-seven y... |
train_16625 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The privacy and security of health information is recognized as a critical element of transforming the health care system through the use of health information technology. As part of H.R. 1, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the 111th Congress is considering legislation to promote the widespread adopt... | [
"The privacy and security of health information is recognized as a critical element of transforming the health care system through the use of health information technology. As part of H.R. 1 , the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the 111 th Congress is considering legislation to promote the widesprea... |
train_16626 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Tactical aircraft are a major component of U.S. military capability, and account for a significant portion of U.S. defense spending. In early 2009, the Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps collectively had an inventory of about 3,500 tactical aircraft. Current efforts for modernizing U.S. tactical aircraft center on three... | [
"This report provides an overview discussion on the modernization of U.S. military tactical aircraft, meaning fighter aircraft, strike fighters, and attack planes. Tactical aircraft are a major component of U.S. military capability, and account for a significant portion of U.S. defense spending. In early 2009, the ... |
train_16627 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the Adoption Incentive program (Section 473A of the Social Security Act), states earn federal incentive payments when they increase adoptions of children who are in need of new permanent families. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have earned a part of the $424 million in Adoption Incentive... | [
"The Adoption Incentive program (Section 473A of the Social Security Act) provides federal payments to state child welfare agencies that increase adoptions of children who are in need of new permanent families. Generally, these are children for whom reuniting with their biological parents is not possible and who wo... |
train_16628 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In August 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated standards to limit emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from both new and existing fossil-fueled electric power plants. Because of the importance of electric power to the economy and its significance as a source of GHG emissions, the EPA standards ha... | [
"Since 2007, the Supreme Court has ruled on two separate occasions that the Clean Air Act authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set standards for emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In the first case, Massachusetts v. EPA , the Court held that GHGs are air pollutants within the Clean Air Act's d... |
train_16629 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Hate crime legislation (S. 625/H.R. 1343), comparable to a measure whichpassed the Senateas an amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (but which was dropped prior topassage), has been introduced with a substantialnumber of cosponsors in both the House and Senate. It outlaws hate crimes... | [
"RS20678 -- Hate Crimes: Sketch of Selected Proposals and Congressional Authority Updated May 17, 2002 S. 625 , the Local Law Enforcement Enhancement Act of 2001, introduced by Senator Kennedy on March 27, 2001, has 50 cosponsors; its companionin the House, H.R. 1343 , the local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Preventi... |
train_16630 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress is debating how to respond to an ongoing outbreak of Zika virus, a mosquito-borne illness that has no treatment or vaccine and can cause microcephaly—a severe birth defect—and other neurological complications. As of June 16, 2016, 60 countries and territories had reported mosquito-borne transmission of the vir... | [
"As of June 16, 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 60 countries worldwide had experienced mosquito-borne transmission of Zika, 46 of which had never had Zika cases before (see Figure 1 ). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has concluded that Zika causes microc ephaly (a s... |
train_16631 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Russia's actions in Ukraine and its alleged role in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 have caused observers and policy makers on both sides of the Atlantic, including Members of Congress, to reassess the role of the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in upholding European security.... | [
"The U.S. Congress has expressed deep concern over Russia's annexation of Crimea and its role in the ongoing crisis in Ukraine. Among other things, the crisis has heightened concerns in the United States and in Europe about the future direction and scope of the transatlantic security relationship and the cornerston... |
train_16632 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. merchandise trade deficit is a part of the overall U.S. balance of payments, a summary statement of all economic transactions between the residents of the United States and the rest of the world, during a given period of time. Some Members of Congress and other observers have grown concerned over the magnitude... | [
"By standard convention, the balance of payments accounts are based on a double-entry bookkeeping system. As a result, each transaction entered as a credit must have a corresponding debit and vice versa. This means that a surplus or deficit in one part of the accounts necessarily will be offset by a deficit or surp... |
train_16633 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Bolivia has experienced a period of political volatility, with the country having had six presidents since 2001. Evo Morales, an indigenous leader and head of Bolivia's coca growers' union, and his party, the leftist Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), won a convincing victory in the December 18, 2005, presidential electi... | [
"On January 25, 2009, by a 61% to 39% vote, a new constitution promoting the rights of the indigenous majority and giving more control of the economy to the government was approved. The referendum also set the limit for private land holdings at 5,000 hectares winning strong majority support (81%) over the alternati... |
train_16634 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | "Critical infrastructure" consists of systems and assets so vital to the United States that their incapacity would harm the nation's physical security, economic security, or public health. Critical infrastructure is often geographically concentrated, so it may be distinctly vulnerable to events like natural disasters, ... | [
"Critical infrastructure is so vital to the United States that its incapacity would harm the nation's physical security, economic security, or public health. The federal government has a key role in helping protect the nation's critical infrastructure from all types of hazards through programs of mitigation, prepar... |
train_16635 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Constitution vests the Senate with the role of providing "advice" and affording or withholding "consent" when a President nominates a candidate to be an Article III judge—that is, a federal judge entitled to life tenure, such as a Supreme Court Justice. To carry out this "advice and consent" role, the Senate t... | [
"I n order to safeguard \"the complete independence of the courts of justice,\" Article III of the U.S. Constitution provides that \"the Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts\" of the United States, \"shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour\" and receive a salary that \"shall not be diminished duri... |
train_16636 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Appropriations for child survival and maternal health programs (CS/MH) have grown by about 22% during the tenure of President George W. Bush. Most of that growth occurred in FY2008, when Congress provided $521.9 million for CS/MH programs, up from $361.1 million in FY2001. Although Congress provided support during this... | [
"Although a number of U.S. agencies and departments implement global health programs that might improve child survival and maternal health (CS/MH), this report focuses only on CS/MH programs conducted by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) from FY2001 to FY2008. This report also discusses the inte... |
train_16637 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Poland and the United States have enjoyed close relations, particularly since the terroristattacks of September 11, 2001. Warsaw has been a reliable supporter and ally in the global war onterrorism and has contributed troops to the U.S.-led coalitions in Afghanistan and in Iraq -- whereit assumed a leading role. Over t... | [
"Geographically and by population, Poland is the largest of the countries recently admittedinto the European Union (EU) and NATO; with 38 million citizens, Poland is now the 6th mostpopulous country in the EU. And with strong growth rates and a GDP exceeding $200 billion, it isa major player economically, especiall... |
train_16638 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 10, 2012, JP Morgan disclosed that it had lost more than $2 billion by trading financial derivatives. Jamie Dimon, CEO and chairman of JP Morgan, reported that the bank's Chief Investment Office (CIO) executed the trades to hedge the firm's overall credit exposure as part of the bank's asset liability management... | [
"JP Morgan Chase (JP Morgan), the nation's largest bank holding company by asset size, had established a reputation for quality risk management. On May 10, 2012, Jamie Dimon, the bank's chairman and chief executive officer (CEO), held an unplanned conference call. As reflected in the firm's first quarter 2012 filin... |
train_16639 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The length of the appointment processes during presidential transitions has been of concern to observers for more than 30 years. The process is likely to develop a bottleneck during this time due to the large number of candidates who must be selected, vetted, and, in the case of positions filled through appointment by ... | [
"The length of the appointment process during presidential transitions has been of concern to observers for more than 30 years. The appointment process is likely to develop a bottleneck during this time due to the large number of candidates who must be selected, vetted, and, in the case of positions filled through ... |
train_16640 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under current law, interest income from bonds issued by state and local governments is exempt from federal income taxes. In addition, interest on bonds issued by certain nonprofit entities and authorities is also exempt from federal income taxes. Together, these tax preferences are estimated to generate a federal reven... | [
"The current budget situation has prompted Congress to examine a variety of revenue raising options. Repealing or modifying some or all of the long list of so-called tax expenditures is often included as part of those options. The exclusion from income of the interest paid on state and local government debt is one ... |
train_16641 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Real property disposal is the process by which federal agencies identify and then transfer, donate, or sell real property they no longer need. Disposition is an important asset management function because the costs of maintaining unneeded properties can be substantial, consuming financial resources that might be applie... | [
"Federal executive branch agencies hold an extensive real property portfolio that includes approximately 295,000 buildings. These assets have been acquired over a period of decades to help agencies fulfill their diverse missions. Agencies hold buildings with a range of uses, including offices, health clinics, wareh... |
train_16642 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President is generally seen as exercising broad discretionary authority over developing and implementing U.S. direct investment policy, including the authority to suspend or block investments that "threaten to impair the national security." Congress is also directly involved in formulating the scope and direction o... | [
"The United States is the largest foreign direct investor in the world and also the largest recipient of foreign direct investment. By year-end 2011, foreign direct investment in the United States had reached $2.6 trillion and U.S. direct investment abroad had reached $4.1 trillion. This dual role means that global... |
train_16643 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Each Congress, Senators meet to organize the chamber and select their party leaders. In addition to the majority and minority leaders and party whips are numerous entities created by the party to assist with the work of the party. | [
"Democratic Conference: The conference is the caucus of all Democratic Senators and serves as the central coordinating body. It operates through the Democratic leader's office and is responsible for communicating the party's message. The Democratic leader serves as chair of the conference, which is also led by a vi... |
train_16644 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The majority of the world's Muslim population follows the Sunni branch of Islam, and approximately 10%-15% of all Muslims follow the Shiite (Shi'ite, Shi'a, Shia) branch. Shiite populations constitute a majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan. There are also significant Shiite populations in Afghanistan, Kuwait... | [
"The differences between the Sunni and Shiite Islamic sects are rooted in disagreements over the succession to the Prophet Muhammad, who died in 632 AD, and over the nature of leadership in the Muslim community. The historic debate centered on whether to award leadership to a qualified, pious individual who would f... |
train_16645 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2008 enacted farm bill (Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, P.L. 110-246) reauthorizes almost all existing conservation programs, modifies several programs, and creates various new conservation programs. A new Conservation Stewardship program replaces the existing Conservation Security Program and a new Agr... | [
"The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 ( P.L. 110-246 ), the 2008 farm bill, reauthorizes almost all existing conservation programs, modifies several programs, and creates various new conservation programs. These changes address eligibility requirements, program definitions, enrollment and payment limits, ... |
train_16646 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is a means-tested program that provides health coverage to targeted low-income children and pregnant women in families that have annual income above Medicaid eligibility levels but have no health insurance. CHIP is jointly financed by the federal government and state... | [
"The State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is a federal-state program that provides health coverage to certain uninsured low-income children and pregnant women in families that have annual income above Medicaid eligibility levels, but have no health insurance. CHIP is jointly financed by the federal gove... |
train_16647 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of federal whistleblower and anti-retaliation laws. In general, these laws protect employees who report misconduct by their employers or who engage in various protected activities, such as participating in an investigation or filing a complaint. In recent years, Congress has expanded em... | [
"The ADEA prohibits an employer from discriminating against an employee or applicant for employment because the individual has opposed any practice made unlawful by section 4 of the ADEA or because the individual has made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, ... |
train_16648 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past several decades, a series of lawsuits have challenged funding disparities that exist among school districts within the states. Spurred by concerns that such disparities discriminated against students in poor school districts or resulted in an inadequate education, school finance plaintiffs began filing la... | [
"In the 1970s, a series of lawsuits began challenging the funding disparities among school districts within the states. Schools in the U.S., which typically receive some federal and state financial assistance, generally derive a substantial percentage of their funding from local property taxes, which, at least in t... |
train_16649 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As part of the conflict with Al Qaeda and the Taliban, the United States has captured and detained numerous persons believed to have been part of or associated with enemy forces. Over the years, federal courts have considered a multitude of petitions by or on behalf of suspected belligerents challenging aspects of U.S.... | [
"As part of the conflict with the Taliban and Al Qaeda, the United States has captured and detained numerous persons believed to have been part of or associated with enemy forces. Over the years, federal courts have considered a multitude of petitions by or on behalf of suspected belligerents challenging aspects of... |
train_16650 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of federal law governing wiretapping and electronic eavesdropping under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA). It is a federal crime to wiretap or to use a machine to capture the communications of others without court approval, unless one of the parties has given his prior co... | [
"This is an outline of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA). ECPA consists of three parts. The first, sometimes referred to as Title III, outlaws the unauthorized interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications. It also establishes a judicial supervised procedure to permit such interceptions fo... |
train_16651 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Air Force wishes to replace its KC-135E aircraft by leasing 100 new Boeing KC-767tankers. The Air Force indicates that leasing is preferred because it will result in faster deliveriesthan outright purchasing. Air Force leaders argue that a lease will allow them to husband scarceprocurement dollars by making a small... | [
"by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed] (707-2577 and 707-7610) The Air Force is proposing to replace 133 of its oldest Boeing KC-135E aerial refuelingtanker aircraft by leasing 100 new Boeing KC-767 tankers instead of initially buying themoutright. (1) The proposedlease was authorized by Section 8159... |
train_16652 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A former spouse of a federal employee may be entitled to a share of the employee's retirement annuity under the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) or the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS) if this has been authorized by a state court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation. An employee also may v... | [
"Most civilian federal employees participate in one of two federal retirement systems. In general, employees hired before 1984 are covered by the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) and those who were hired in 1984 or later are covered by the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS). Employees enrolled in CSR... |
train_16653 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Afghanistan is the world's primary source of opium poppy cultivation and opium and heroin production, as well as a major global source of cannabis (marijuana) and cannabis resin (hashish). Drug trafficking, a long-standing feature of Afghanistan's post-Taliban political economy, is linked to corruption and insecurity, ... | [
"Experts widely assess that Afghanistan will remain the world's primary source of opium poppy cultivation and opium and heroin production, as well as a major global source of cannabis resin, in the coming years (see Figure 1 below). In 2012, Afghanistan cultivated more than 94% of the world's opium poppy and produc... |
train_16654 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 11, 2009, in response to the global spread of a new strain of H1N1 influenza ("flu"), the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be an influenza pandemic, the first since 1968. The novel "H1N1 swine flu" was first identified in California in late April. Since then, cases have been reported aro... | [
"On June 11, 2009, in response to the global spread of a new strain of H1N1 influenza (\"flu\"), the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be a flu pandemic, the first since 1968. Officials believe the outbreak began in Mexico in March, or perhaps earlier. The novel \"H1N1 swine flu\" virus was f... |
train_16655 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The devastation and displacement caused by Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf Coast region ofthe United States has very specific implications for foreign nationals who lived in the region. Whether the foreign national is a legal permanent resident (LPR), a nonimmigrant (e.g., temporaryresident such a foreign student, intrac... | [
"The devastation and displacement caused by Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf Coast region ofthe United States pose a host of environmental, human resource, and other public policy challenges. Caught in the web of this tragedy and its sweeping dilemmas are a unique subset ofimmigration-related issues. The loss of livel... |
train_16656 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As a basis for understanding the reallocation of Representatives among the states based on the 2010 Census, it may prove helpful to examine the current House of Representatives apportionment formula. In addition, some members of the statistical community have, in the recent past, urged Congress to consider changing the... | [
"As a basis for understanding the reallocation of Representatives among the states based on the 2010 Census, it may prove helpful to examine the current House of Representatives apportionment formula. In addition, some members of the statistical community have, in the recent past, urged Congress to consider changin... |
train_16657 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Negotiations to launch a free trade agreement (FTA) between the United States and the five members of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland) began on June 3, 2003. In April 2006, negotiators suspended FTA negotiations, launching a new work program on intensif... | [
"On November 4, 2002, United States Trade Representative (USTR) Robert B. Zoellick notified Congress of the Administration's intention to launch negotiations for a free trade agreement (FTA) with the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), comprised of Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, South Africa, and Swaziland. This ag... |
train_16658 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On April 10, 2013, the Obama Administration submitted to Congress its budget request for FY2014. The request for State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs totaled $51.84 billion, which was about 2% below the FY2013 post-sequester estimated funding level of $52.88 billion. Within the request, $3.81 billion was des... | [
"On January 17, 2014, the President signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 ( H.R. 3547 / P.L. 113-76 ), which provides full-year funding for FY2014, including the foreign affairs budget. Tables in Appendix A and Appendix B have been updated to show a comparison of the enacted FY2014 appropriation... |
train_16659 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Fueled in part by certain policy initiatives advocated by President Obama, a lively debate over whether additional federal assistance should be provided for manufacturing is taking place among some analysts and lawmakers. Several issues are central to the debate: (1) the contributions of manufacturing to the performanc... | [
"In his 2013 State of the Union speech, President Obama stated that \"our first priority is making America a magnet for new jobs and manufacturing.\" The President was signaling that a revitalized manufacturing sector was a key element of his strategy for promoting faster U.S. economic growth. Recent calls to use g... |
train_16660 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past 15 years, from FY1989-FY2003, the United States has providedColombia with over $3.6 billion inassistance, most of it directed to counternarcotics or related efforts. During the first 11 fiscal years(FY1989-FY1999), when assistance totaled just over $1 billion,the annual levels were considerably lower than... | [
"RS21213 -- Colombia: Summary and Tables on U.S. Assistance, FY1989-FY2004 Updated May 19, 2003 While the United States has been providing counternarcotics (CN) assistance to Colombia at least as far back as the mid-1970s, former President George H.W. Bushdramatically increased CN aid to Colombia through his 1989 \... |
train_16661 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On March 16, 2010, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released Connecting America: The National Broadband Plan. The National Broadband Plan (NBP) identified significant gaps in broadband availability and adoption in the United States, and in order to address those gaps and other challenges, the NBP set specifi... | [
"On March 16, 2010, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released Connecting America: The National Broadband Plan . Mandated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5 ), the FCC's National Broadband Plan (NBP) is a 360-page document composed of 17 chapters containing over 200 sp... |
train_16662 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the final rule to implement country-of-origin labeling (COOL) took effect in March 2009, most retail food stores have been required to inform consumers about the country of origin of fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, shellfish, peanuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, ginseng, and ground and muscle cuts of beef, pork, l... | [
"On May 18, 2015, the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Appellate Body confirmed the findings of previous panels that U.S. country-of-origin labeling (COOL) for beef and pork violated U.S. WTO obligations by discriminating against imported livestock. In June 2015, Canada and Mexico requested permission from the WTO ... |
train_16663 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | At a time when increasing numbers of Foreign Service personnel are going to posts of greater hardship and danger, an 18.5% pay differential that currently exists between service in Washington, DC, and service abroad is impacting morale and assignment considerations. Provisions implementing a new compensation system to ... | [
"In its FY2008 Budget Request, the Administration requested the 110 th Congress to enact a new performance-based compensation system for the Foreign Service. By the close of the 109 th Congress, the Administration, the American Foreign Service Association (AFSA), which is the recognized bargaining agent for the mem... |
train_16664 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Preceding the March 26, 2013, enactment of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 (P.L. 113-6), during the 113th Congress, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013 (P.L. 112-175, H.J.Res. 117), enacted September 28, 2012, provided appropriations for federal departments and agencies—inclu... | [
"Early during the 113 th Congress, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 ( P.L. 113-6 ), enacted March 26, 2013, appropriated funding for the full fiscal year through September 30, 2013. Seven regular appropriations acts, including Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which funds ... |
train_16665 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With enactment of the FY2014 Consolidated Appropriations Act on January 1, 2014 (H.R. 3547/P.L. 113-73), Congress has approved appropriations for the past 13 years of war that total $1.6 trillion for military operations, base support, weapons maintenance, training of Afghan and Iraq security forces, reconstruction, for... | [
"Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the U.S. Armed Forces, under guidance from the Department of Defense (DOD), have conducted the following military operations: Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan and other small Global War on Terror (GWOT) operations like the Philippines and Djibouti t... |
train_16666 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The year 2007 has seen Pakistan buffeted by numerous and serious political crises culminating in the December 27 assassination of former Prime Minster and leading opposition figure Benazir Bhutto, who had returned to Pakistan from self-imposed exile in October. Bhutto's killing in an apparent gun and bomb attack (the c... | [
"The year 2007 has seen Pakistan buffeted by numerous and serious political crises culminating in the December 27 assassination of former Prime Minster and leading opposition figure Benazir Bhutto, who had returned to Pakistan from self-imposed exile in October. Bhutto's killing in an apparent gun and bomb attack (... |
train_16667 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Energy-related research and development (R&D)—on coal-based synthetic petroleum and on atomic bombs—played an important role in the successful outcome of World War II. In the postwar era, the federal government conducted R&D on fossil and nuclear energy sources to support peacetime economic growth. The energy crises of... | [
"This report provides a cumulative history of Department of Energy (DOE) funding for renewable energy compared with funding for the other energy technologies—nuclear energy, fossil energy, energy efficiency, and electric systems. Specifically, it provides a comparison that covers cumulative funding over the past 10... |
train_16668 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2008, a panel of the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit issued a decision in School District of the City of Pontiac v. Secretary of the United States Department of Education. In its decision, the court held that the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act failed to provide the required "clear notice" to states and schoo... | [
"The decision in School District of the City of Pontiac v. Secretary of the United States Department of Education arose in response to litigation surrounding § 9527(a) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001. Section 9527(a)—the so-called \"unf... |
train_16669 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under a renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS), retail electricity suppliers (electric utilities) must provide a minimum amount of electricity from renewable energy resources or purchase tradable credits that represent an equivalent amount of renewable energy production. The minimum requirement is often set as a per... | [
"Under a renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS), retail electricity suppliers (electric utilities) must either provide a minimum amount of electricity from renewable energy resources or purchase tradable credits that represent an equivalent amount of renewable energy production. The minimum requirement is often ... |
train_16670 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal legislation that establishes the minimum hourly wage that must be paid to all covered workers. The minimum wage provisions of the FLSA have been amended numerous times since 1938, typically for the purpose of expanding coverage or raising the wage rat... | [
"The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal legislation that establishes the general minimum wage that must be paid to all covered workers. A full discussion of the coverage of the minimum wage is beyond the scope of this report, which provides only a broad overview of the topic. In genera... |
train_16671 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Two sections of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Protection Act (Dodd-Frank) require that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC or Commission) issue regulations to make public the involvement of U.S. companies in conflict minerals and in resource extraction payments. Both sections have been subject to litiga... | [
"Congressional hearings, news reports over the past several years, and even the 2006 film Blood Diamond have brought increased attention to the mining and selling of conflict minerals. Generally defined, conflict minerals are \"minerals mined in conditions of armed conflict and human rights abuses, notably in the e... |
train_16672 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the wake of the 2016 election, concerns have been raised with respect to the legal regime governing foreign influence in domestic politics. The central law concerning the activities of the agents of foreign entities acting in the United States is the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA or Act). Enacted in 1938 to ... | [
"I n the wake of the 2016 election, concerns have been raised with respect to the legal regime governing foreign influence in domestic politics. The central law concerning the activities of the agents of foreign entities acting in the United States is the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA or the Act). FARA gene... |
train_16673 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A question that often arises is whether unauthorized aliens and other foreign nationals working in the United States are subject to U.S. taxes. The federal tax consequences for these individuals are dependent on (a) whether an individual is classified as a resident or nonresident alien and (b) whether a tax treaty or t... | [
"Under U.S. immigration law, foreign nationals are legally admitted into the United States as immigrants to live permanently or as nonimmigrants to stay on a temporary basis. The terms \"immigrant\" and \"nonimmigrant\" are not used in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Instead, a foreign national, whether in the Uni... |
train_16674 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 25, 2013, President Obama affirmed his commitment to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 17% below 2005 levels by 2020 if all other major economies agreed to limit their emissions as well. In addition, during a November 2014 trip to China, President Obama announced a new policy target to reduce U.S. n... | [
"U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels remain a topic of interest among policy makers and stakeholders. On June 25, 2013, President Obama affirmed his commitment to reduce U.S. GHG emissions by 17% below 2005 levels by 2020 if all other major economies agreed to limit their emissions as well. In addition, durin... |
train_16675 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses and analyzes Supreme Court nominee Elena Kagan's 2001 article, Chevron's Nondelegation Doctrine, which she coauthored with David J. Barron, an assistant professor at Harvard Law School, during her time as a professor there. The article provides an overview of two traditional dichotomies in adminis... | [
"This report analyzes Supreme Court nominee Elena Kagan's co-authored article, written with David Barron, on the nondelegation doctrine and the seminal administrative law case, Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resource s Defense Council, Inc . The article, which was written in 2001 while Kagan was a professor at Har... |
train_16676 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Local election officials (LEOs) are critical to the administration of federal elections and the implementation of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA, P.L. 107-252). Three surveys of LEOs were performed by academic institutions in collaboration with the Congressional Research Service. Although care needs to be take... | [
"U.S. elections are highly decentralized, with much of the responsibility for election administration residing with local election officials (LEOs). There are thousands of such officials, many of whom are responsible for all aspects of election administration in their local jurisdictions—including voter registratio... |
train_16677 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since its inception, Congress has used commemorative legislation to express public gratitude for distinguished contributions; dramatize the virtues of individuals, groups, and causes; and perpetuate the remembrance of significant events. During the past two centuries, commemoratives have become an integral part of the ... | [
"Since its inception, Congress has used commemoratives to express public gratitude for distinguished contributions; dramatize the virtues of individuals, groups, and causes; and perpetuate the remembrance of significant events. The first commemoratives were primarily in the form of individually struck medals. Durin... |
train_16678 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Reports issued by committees of the 109th Congress, the White House, federal offices of Inspector General, and the Government Accountability Office (GAO), among others, concluded that the losses caused by Hurricane Katrina were due, in part, to deficiencies such as questionable leadership decisions and capabilities, or... | [
"Hurricane Katrina struck Florida and the Gulf Coast states in the last days of August 2005, followed within weeks by Hurricanes Rita and Wilma. These disasters will long be remembered for disrupting families, changing and ending lives, and forcing Americans to rethink vulnerability and risk assumptions. In additio... |
train_16679 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Poland held presidential and parliamentary elections in the fall of 2005. After several months, a ruling coalition consisting of three populist-nationalist parties was formed; the presidency and prime minister's post are held by Lech and Jaroslaw Kaczynski, identical twin brothers who have increasingly consolidated the... | [
"Poland has had an eventful political evolution in recent years. Since 2001, five prime ministers have held office. Although the last government, led by the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), steered the nation into the EU and nurtured a strong, export-based economy, its reputation was seriously damaged by a series of... |
train_16680 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The World Trade Organization's (WTO) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) contains obligations that WTO members must adhere to when they impose requirements on a product's characteristics. Countries typically implement such requirements in order to protect human health or the environment, prevent de... | [
"The World Trade Organization's (WTO) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) establishes obligations that WTO members must adhere to when they impose requirements on a product's characteristics. To date, relatively few WTO disputes have been raised challenging member compliance with the TBT Agreem... |
train_16681 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Davis v. United States, the Supreme Court held that evidence seized in violation of the defendant's Fourth Amendment rights is admissible at trial when the police seized the evidence in good-faith reliance on "binding appellate precedent." The petitioner in that case, Willie Davis, was a passenger in a car that was ... | [
"Willie Davis was a passenger in a car stopped by police in Greenville, Alabama, for a traffic violation. The police arrested Davis for giving a false name. After handcuffing him and placing him in the back of a patrol car, the police searched the passenger compartment of the car in which Davis had been riding. The... |
train_16682 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Judge Samuel Alito, who has been nominated by President Bush to take retiring JusticeSandra Day O'Connor's seat as associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, has been a judge on theU.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit since 1990. This report examines his major judicialopinions, both for the majority and in dis... | [
"Judge Samuel Alito, who has been nominated by President Bush to take retiring JusticeSandra Day O'Connor's seat as associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, has been a judge on theU.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit since 1990. This report examines his major judicialopinions, both for the majority and i... |
train_16683 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Constitution expressly grants each house of Congress the power to discipline its own Members for misconduct, including through expulsion, stating that: [e]ach House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. ... | [
"T he U.S. Constitution expressly grants each house of Congress the power to discipline its own Members for misconduct, including through expulsion, stating that: [e]ach House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Me... |
train_16684 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 1984, a number of acts named after former Congressman Carl D. Perkins have been the main federal laws authorized to support the development of career and technical education (CTE) programs aimed at students in secondary and postsecondary education. The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (P... | [
"Since 1984, a number of acts named after former Congressman Carl D. Perkins have been the main federal laws authorized to support the development of career and technical education (CTE) programs aimed at students in secondary and postsecondary education. The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 20... |
train_16685 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Social Security Administration (SSA) is responsible for administering a number of federal entitlement programs that provide income support (cash benefits) to qualified individuals. These programs are Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI), commonly known as Social Security; Supplemental Security Incom... | [
"The Social Security Administration (SSA) oversees programs that touch the lives of millions of American families and are key components of the nation's economic safety net. The Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program, commonly known as Social Security, is the most well-known of these programs.... |
train_16686 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of actions taken by Congress to provide FY2013 appropriations for the accounts funded by the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) appropriations bill. The L-HHS-ED bill provides funding for all accounts subject to the annual app... | [
"This report provides a status update on FY2013 appropriations actions for accounts traditionally funded in the appropriations bill for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This bill provides discretionary and mandatory appropriations to three federal ... |
train_16687 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past year, crude oil prices have nearly doubled, reaching record levels, before falling below $40 dollars per barrel by the end of the year. In the 110th Congress, proposals included a number of legislative initiatives to increase domestic oil production. These proposals fell into two broad categories: (1) to ... | [
"In 2008, oil prices nearly doubled, reaching record levels, before falling back to below $40 per barrel by the end of the year. In the 110 th Congress, proposals included a number of legislative initiatives to increase domestic oil production. These proposals fell into two broad categories: to (1) open areas of th... |
train_16688 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On November 13, 2001, President Bush issued a Military Order (M.O.) pertaining to the detention, treatment, and trial of certain non-citizens in the war against terrorism. Military commissions pursuant to the M.O. began in November 2004 against four persons declared eligible for trial, but the Supreme Court in Hamdan v... | [
"The use of military commissions to try suspected terrorists has been the focus of intense debate (as well as significant litigation) since President Bush in November 2001 issued his original Military Order (M.O.) authorizing such trials. The M.O. specified that persons subject to it would have no recourse to the U... |
train_16689 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report identifies the 240 Members of Congress who have served in Congress for at least 30 years, as of February 11, 2009. Those 240 Members are only 2% of the 11,893 individuals who have represented their states and congressional districts in Congress since 1789. Of the 240 Members with at least 30 years of congre... | [
"As of February 11, 2009, a total of 240 persons have served for 30 years or more in the United States Congress as Representative or Senator. That number is only 2% of the 11,893 men and women who have represented their states and congressional districts since the First Congress convened on March 4, 1789. Of the 24... |
train_16690 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As the 111th Congress considers energy and climate legislation, the land and water impacts of renewable technologies are receiving greater attention. The cumulative impact of installing numerous thermoelectric power plants on the water resources of the Southwest, a region with existing water constraints, raises policy ... | [
"Large-scale deployment of concentrating solar power (CSP), a renewable energy technology for generating electricity, has the potential to affect the availability of water resources in the Southwest for other uses. Because the water demand of CSP is highly dependent on the type of CSP facilities constructed (e.g., ... |
train_16691 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Proposals to split the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals have been before Congress for decades. Proponents of a split generally argue that the current Ninth Circuit is overburdened, and that creating two or more new circuits with reduced geography, population, and caseloads would improve judicial administration. Opponents... | [
"In 1891, Congress established the U.S. Courts of Appealsâoften called \"circuit courts\"âto hear appeals from federal district courts and, later, many agency regulations. The circuit courts remain the last avenue of judicial review for all but the relatively few cases the Supreme Court considers. Establishing ... |
train_16692 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After five years of drought, rain and snowstorms in Northern and Central California in the winter of 2016-2017 significantly improved water supply conditions in the state in 2017. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, as of late April 2017, less than 1% of the state was in severe drought conditions. This represents an... | [
"The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), part of the Department of the Interior, operates the multipurpose federal Central Valley Project (CVP) in California, one of the nation's largest water conveyance systems (see Figure 1 ). The CVP extends from the Cascade Range in Northern California to the Kern River in Sou... |
train_16693 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Members of Congress and the public are increasingly concerned about the ability of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure that the drugs sold in the United States are safe and effective. In November 2004, FDA asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to assess the current system for evaluating and ensuring drug s... | [
"Members of Congress and the public are increasingly concerned about the ability of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure that the drugs sold in the United States are safe and effective. Legislators, industry, the public, and FDA scientists have raised questions about FDA's collection and release of safe... |
train_16694 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | What was regarded as a key brownfields tax incentive in the Internal Revenue Code expires on December 31, 2007. Originally enacted in the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-34), the provision allows a taxpayer to fully deduct the costs of environmental cleanup in the year the costs were incurred (called "expensing")... | [
"The brownfields tax incentive in section 198 of the Internal Revenue Code expires on December 31, 2007. It was first enacted in the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 ( P.L. 105-34 ), and has been extended four times, most recently in 2006. The provision is intended as a stimulus to the development of brownfields by allo... |
train_16695 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States and Morocco reached agreement on March 2, 2004 to create a free trade agreement (FTA). The Senate approved implementing legislation ( S. 2677 ) on July 2, 2004 by a vote of 85-13 and the House approved identical legislation ( H.R. 4842 ) on July 22, 2004 by a vote of 323-99. The next day, the Senate p... | [
"President Bush and Moroccan King Mohammed VI announced at a meeting in Washington, D.C. on April 23, 2002, that the two countries would seek to negotiate a free trade agreement. On October 1, 2002, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Zoellick sent Congress formal notification of the Administration's intention to begi... |
train_16696 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Empowerment Zones (EZs), Enterprise Communities (ECs), and Renewal Communities (RCs) are federally designated geographic areas characterized by high levels of poverty and economic distress, where businesses and local governments may be eligible to receive federal grants and tax incentives. Congress remains interested i... | [
"Congress has long had an interest in the revitalization of distressed areas through expanded business and employment opportunities. This interest continues today, with combined federal government expenses of $10.9 billion and $5.1 billion in foregone tax revenue in FY2009 for the purpose of community and regional ... |
train_16697 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Most federal employees (59.1%) are paid on the General Schedule (GS), a pay scale that consists of 15 pay grades in which an employee's pay increases are to be based on performance and length of service. Some Members of Congress, citizens, and public administration scholars have argued that federal employee pay advance... | [
"Most federal employees (59.1%) are paid on the General Schedule (GS), a pay scale that consists of 15 pay grades in which an employee's pay increases are to be based on job performance and length of service. Some Members of Congress, citizens, and public administration scholars have argued that federal employee pa... |
train_16698 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report addresses the duties and functions of statutory Inspectors General (IGs); the numbers of each type of IG; the differences between IGs appointed by the President and those appointed by the agency head; considerations for whether certain IGs should be appointed by the President as opposed to the agency head; ... | [
"There are more than 60 offices of inspectors general (OIGs) in executive and legislative branch agencies, as well as special inspectors general (SIGs), who are responsible for audits and investigations related to particular programs or expenditures. Inspectors General (IGs) draw their authorities and duties, eithe... |
train_16699 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For decades, Congress has enacted laws authorizing generic promotion programs for anumber of farm products to increase overall demand and consumption of the agricultural product. These generic promotion programs, commonly known as "check-off" programs, are funded throughthe payment of mandatory assessments imposed on t... | [
"A number of farm products are promoted through the use of congressionally authorizedgeneric promotion programs. (1) To fund these programs, the authorizing statutes (and orders)require that an assessment be collected based on the amount of product that a covered party sells,produces, or imports. Some producers hav... |
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