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Which comprehensive school openend in coventry? | <text>Which comprehensive school openend in coventry?</text><reasoning>The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton.</reasoning><output>Woodlands Boys School</output> |
What type of school is the Gesamtschule? | <text>What type of school is the Gesamtschule?</text><reasoning>Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education classes for average students, and remedial courses for those who aren't doing that well. In most cases students attending a Gesamtschule may graduate with the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur depending on how well they did in school.</reasoning><output>comprehensive</output> |
What kinds of courses are offered to students who are not experiencing academic success? | <text>What kinds of courses are offered to students who are not experiencing academic success?</text><reasoning>Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education classes for average students, and remedial courses for those who aren't doing that well. In most cases students attending a Gesamtschule may graduate with the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur depending on how well they did in school.</reasoning><output>remedial</output> |
What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can earn? | <text>What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can earn?</text><reasoning>Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education classes for average students, and remedial courses for those who aren't doing that well. In most cases students attending a Gesamtschule may graduate with the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur depending on how well they did in school.</reasoning><output>the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur</output> |
In what decade were community schools conceived? | <text>In what decade were community schools conceived?</text><reasoning>In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still manage the school as patrons or trustees. The state owns the school property, which is vested in the trustees in perpetuity. The model was adopted to make state schools more acceptable to a largely conservative society of the time.</reasoning><output>1970s</output> |
Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found? | <text>Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?</text><reasoning>In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still manage the school as patrons or trustees. The state owns the school property, which is vested in the trustees in perpetuity. The model was adopted to make state schools more acceptable to a largely conservative society of the time.</reasoning><output>The state</output> |
What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model? | <text>What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?</text><reasoning>The introduction of the community school model in the 1970s controversially removed the denominational basis of the schools, but religious interests were invited to be represented on the Boards of Management. Community schools are divided into two models, the community school vested in the Minister for Education and the community college vested in the local Education and Training Board. Community colleges tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model, but community schools have tended to be entirely new foundations.</reasoning><output>the denominational basis of the schools</output> |
What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently? | <text>What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently?</text><reasoning>The introduction of the community school model in the 1970s controversially removed the denominational basis of the schools, but religious interests were invited to be represented on the Boards of Management. Community schools are divided into two models, the community school vested in the Minister for Education and the community college vested in the local Education and Training Board. Community colleges tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model, but community schools have tended to be entirely new foundations.</reasoning><output>Community colleges</output> |
What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit? | <text>What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit?</text><reasoning>A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed]</reasoning><output>comprehensive school</output> |
What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions? | <text>What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions?</text><reasoning>A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed]</reasoning><output>selective school system</output> |
What countries used comprehensive schools extensively? | <text>What countries used comprehensive schools extensively?</text><reasoning>A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed]</reasoning><output>England and Wales</output> |
How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England? | <text>How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England?</text><reasoning>A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed]</reasoning><output>90%</output> |
On what date was the Congo made fully independent from colonial rule? | <text>On what date was the Congo made fully independent from colonial rule?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.</reasoning><output>August 15, 1960</output> |
Who was the first leader of the independent Congo? | <text>Who was the first leader of the independent Congo?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.</reasoning><output>Fulbert Youlou</output> |
Who replaced Youlou? | <text>Who replaced Youlou?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.</reasoning><output>Alphonse Massamba-Débat</output> |
Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal? | <text>Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.</reasoning><output>labour elements and rival political parties</output> |
Who took control of the company during the transition from Youlou to Debat? | <text>Who took control of the company during the transition from Youlou to Debat?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.</reasoning><output>Congolese military</output> |
By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use? | <text>By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?</text><reasoning>By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.</reasoning><output>1975</output> |
What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become? | <text>What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?</text><reasoning>By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.</reasoning><output>neighbourhood comprehensives</output> |
Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what? | <text>Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what?</text><reasoning>By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.</reasoning><output>comprehensive schools</output> |
What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s? | <text>What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?</text><reasoning>By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.</reasoning><output>Sandwell and Dudley</output> |
All public primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type? | <text>All public primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type?</text><reasoning>Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005.</reasoning><output>comprehensive</output> |
What has Scotland refused to adopt? | <text>What has Scotland refused to adopt?</text><reasoning>Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005.</reasoning><output>specialist schools</output> |
When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model? | <text>When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?</text><reasoning>Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005.</reasoning><output>2005</output> |
What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers? | <text>What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers?</text><reasoning>Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product." Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.</reasoning><output>credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.</output> |
Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what? | <text>Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what?</text><reasoning>Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product." Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.</reasoning><output>derivatives</output> |
Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans? | <text>Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans?</text><reasoning>Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product." Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.</reasoning><output>Portfolio Magazine</output> |
What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers? | <text>What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers?</text><reasoning>Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product." Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.</reasoning><output>derivatives</output> |
What are some names of derivatives? | <text>What are some names of derivatives?</text><reasoning>Others have pointed out that there were not enough of these loans made to cause a crisis of this magnitude. In an article in Portfolio Magazine, Michael Lewis spoke with one trader who noted that "There weren’t enough Americans with [bad] credit taking out [bad loans] to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product." Essentially, investment banks and hedge funds used financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made, far beyond the actual value of the underlying mortgage loans, using derivatives called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.</reasoning><output>credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs</output> |
How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales? | <text>How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?</text><reasoning>In these schools children could be selected on the basis of curriculum aptitude related to the school's specialism even though the schools do take quotas from each quartile of the attainment range to ensure they were not selective by attainment. A problem with this is whether the quotas should be taken from a normal distribution or from the specific distribution of attainment in the immediate catchment area. In the selective school system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria, most commonly a cognitive test or tests. Although comprehensive schools were introduced to England and Wales in 1965, there are 164 selective grammar schools that are still in operation.[citation needed] (though this is a small number compared to approximately 3500 state secondary schools in England). Most comprehensives are secondary schools for children between the ages of 11 to 16, but in a few areas there are comprehensive middle schools, and in some places the secondary level is divided into two, for students aged 11 to 14 and those aged 14 to 18, roughly corresponding to the US middle school (or junior high school) and high school, respectively. With the advent of key stages in the National Curriculum some local authorities reverted from the Middle School system to 11–16 and 11–18 schools so that the transition between schools corresponds to the end of one key stage and the start of another.</reasoning><output>164</output> |
In what year were comprehensive schools first created? | <text>In what year were comprehensive schools first created?</text><reasoning>In these schools children could be selected on the basis of curriculum aptitude related to the school's specialism even though the schools do take quotas from each quartile of the attainment range to ensure they were not selective by attainment. A problem with this is whether the quotas should be taken from a normal distribution or from the specific distribution of attainment in the immediate catchment area. In the selective school system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria, most commonly a cognitive test or tests. Although comprehensive schools were introduced to England and Wales in 1965, there are 164 selective grammar schools that are still in operation.[citation needed] (though this is a small number compared to approximately 3500 state secondary schools in England). Most comprehensives are secondary schools for children between the ages of 11 to 16, but in a few areas there are comprehensive middle schools, and in some places the secondary level is divided into two, for students aged 11 to 14 and those aged 14 to 18, roughly corresponding to the US middle school (or junior high school) and high school, respectively. With the advent of key stages in the National Curriculum some local authorities reverted from the Middle School system to 11–16 and 11–18 schools so that the transition between schools corresponds to the end of one key stage and the start of another.</reasoning><output>1965</output> |
What year did the Swedes add more buildings to the harbour town? | <text>What year did the Swedes add more buildings to the harbour town?</text><reasoning>When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town in 1785 with more buildings, when they had occupied the town. Earlier to their occupation, the port was known as "Carénage". The Swedes renamed it as Gustavia in honour of their king Gustav III. It was then their prime trading center. The port maintained a neutral stance since the Caribbean war was on in the 18th century. They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived.</reasoning><output>1785</output> |
What was the port known as prior to the Swedish occupation of St. Barts? | <text>What was the port known as prior to the Swedish occupation of St. Barts?</text><reasoning>When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town in 1785 with more buildings, when they had occupied the town. Earlier to their occupation, the port was known as "Carénage". The Swedes renamed it as Gustavia in honour of their king Gustav III. It was then their prime trading center. The port maintained a neutral stance since the Caribbean war was on in the 18th century. They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived.</reasoning><output>Carénage</output> |
What was the name of the port changed to after the Swedish occupation? | <text>What was the name of the port changed to after the Swedish occupation?</text><reasoning>When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town in 1785 with more buildings, when they had occupied the town. Earlier to their occupation, the port was known as "Carénage". The Swedes renamed it as Gustavia in honour of their king Gustav III. It was then their prime trading center. The port maintained a neutral stance since the Caribbean war was on in the 18th century. They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived.</reasoning><output>Gustavia</output> |
What war occurred in the 18th century? | <text>What war occurred in the 18th century?</text><reasoning>When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town in 1785 with more buildings, when they had occupied the town. Earlier to their occupation, the port was known as "Carénage". The Swedes renamed it as Gustavia in honour of their king Gustav III. It was then their prime trading center. The port maintained a neutral stance since the Caribbean war was on in the 18th century. They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived.</reasoning><output>the Caribbean war</output> |
What language was spoken in the area that became the Congo? | <text>What language was spoken in the area that became the Congo?</text><reasoning>The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist–Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991. Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years.</reasoning><output>Bantu</output> |
When did the Congo gain its independence from colonial rule? | <text>When did the Congo gain its independence from colonial rule?</text><reasoning>The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist–Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991. Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years.</reasoning><output>1960</output> |
Who is the ruler of the Congo? | <text>Who is the ruler of the Congo?</text><reasoning>The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist–Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991. Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years.</reasoning><output>Denis Sassou Nguesso</output> |
What title does Nguesso hold? | <text>What title does Nguesso hold?</text><reasoning>The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist–Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991. Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years.</reasoning><output>President</output> |
What is the French term for the Republic of the Congo? | <text>What is the French term for the Republic of the Congo?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.</reasoning><output>République du Congo</output> |
Which country lies on Congo's northeast border? | <text>Which country lies on Congo's northeast border?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.</reasoning><output>Central African Republic</output> |
Whic country lies on Congo's western border? | <text>Whic country lies on Congo's western border?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.</reasoning><output>Gabon</output> |
Which country lies on Congo's northwest border? | <text>Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.</reasoning><output>Cameroon</output> |
In what part of Africa is the Congo located? | <text>In what part of Africa is the Congo located?</text><reasoning>The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.</reasoning><output>Central Africa</output> |
When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being? | <text>When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?</text><reasoning>The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.</reasoning><output>18th century</output> |
Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense? | <text>Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense?</text><reasoning>The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.</reasoning><output>Sir Robert Walpole</output> |
What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based? | <text>What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based?</text><reasoning>In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers.</reasoning><output>Westminster system</output> |
What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments? | <text>What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments?</text><reasoning>In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers.</reasoning><output>ceremonial</output> |
What is the Congo's rank among other oil generating nations in the Gulf of Guinea? | <text>What is the Congo's rank among other oil generating nations in the Gulf of Guinea?</text><reasoning>The political stability and development of hydrocarbon production made Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea and provided the country with a relative prosperity despite the poor state of its infrastructure and public services and an unequal distribution of oil revenues.</reasoning><output>fourth</output> |
What income is subject to uneven distribution in the Congo? | <text>What income is subject to uneven distribution in the Congo?</text><reasoning>The political stability and development of hydrocarbon production made Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea and provided the country with a relative prosperity despite the poor state of its infrastructure and public services and an unequal distribution of oil revenues.</reasoning><output>oil revenues</output> |
What law enables parents full control over their child's education? | <text>What law enables parents full control over their child's education?</text><reasoning>Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbourhood comprehensive" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down. Government policy is currently promoting 'specialisation' whereby parents choose a secondary school appropriate for their child's interests and skills. Most initiatives focus on parental choice and information, implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools. This logic has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance.</reasoning><output>Education Reform Act</output> |
In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law? | <text>In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law?</text><reasoning>Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbourhood comprehensive" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down. Government policy is currently promoting 'specialisation' whereby parents choose a secondary school appropriate for their child's interests and skills. Most initiatives focus on parental choice and information, implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools. This logic has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance.</reasoning><output>1988</output> |
What concept does the government currently support for education? | <text>What concept does the government currently support for education?</text><reasoning>Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbourhood comprehensive" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down. Government policy is currently promoting 'specialisation' whereby parents choose a secondary school appropriate for their child's interests and skills. Most initiatives focus on parental choice and information, implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools. This logic has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance.</reasoning><output>specialisation</output> |
Parental choice has informed what controversial practice? | <text>Parental choice has informed what controversial practice?</text><reasoning>Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbourhood comprehensive" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down. Government policy is currently promoting 'specialisation' whereby parents choose a secondary school appropriate for their child's interests and skills. Most initiatives focus on parental choice and information, implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools. This logic has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance.</reasoning><output>league tables of school performance</output> |
What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is? | <text>What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is?</text><reasoning>Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty.</reasoning><output>Duplications</output> |
What is a possible product of duplications? | <text>What is a possible product of duplications?</text><reasoning>Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty.</reasoning><output>genetic novelty</output> |
Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with? | <text>Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with?</text><reasoning>Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.</reasoning><output>Eastern Bloc</output> |
Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with? | <text>Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with?</text><reasoning>Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.</reasoning><output>the Soviet Union</output> |
What is a word that can be used to describe Sassou's type of government? | <text>What is a word that can be used to describe Sassou's type of government?</text><reasoning>Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.</reasoning><output>dictatorship</output> |
What was an important tool of the Sassou government? | <text>What was an important tool of the Sassou government?</text><reasoning>Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.</reasoning><output>political repression</output> |
Who won the presidential election in 2009? | <text>Who won the presidential election in 2009?</text><reasoning>Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".</reasoning><output>Sassou</output> |
Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009? | <text>Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009?</text><reasoning>Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".</reasoning><output>Congolese Observatory of Human Rights</output> |
What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections? | <text>What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?</text><reasoning>Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".</reasoning><output>very low</output> |
What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake? | <text>What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?</text><reasoning>In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what degree.</reasoning><output>neighbourhood</output> |
What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools? | <text>What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?</text><reasoning>In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what degree.</reasoning><output>Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges</output> |
What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s? | <text>What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s?</text><reasoning>Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties.</reasoning><output>multi-party</output> |
Which party does Sassou belong to? | <text>Which party does Sassou belong to?</text><reasoning>Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties.</reasoning><output>Congolese Labour Party</output> |
What is the French term for Sassou's political party? | <text>What is the French term for Sassou's political party?</text><reasoning>Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties.</reasoning><output>Parti Congolais du Travail</output> |
Whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the Congo River in 1484? | <text>Whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the Congo River in 1484?</text><reasoning>The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.</reasoning><output>Diogo Cão</output> |
What was Diogo Cao's nationality? | <text>What was Diogo Cao's nationality?</text><reasoning>The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.</reasoning><output>Portuguese</output> |
What did European traders exchange with Bantu people? | <text>What did European traders exchange with Bantu people?</text><reasoning>The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.</reasoning><output>commodities, manufactured goods, and people</output> |
When did formal colonization of the Congo River delta begin? | <text>When did formal colonization of the Congo River delta begin?</text><reasoning>The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.</reasoning><output>late 19th century</output> |
Colonization reduced the power of what groups in the Congo River basin? | <text>Colonization reduced the power of what groups in the Congo River basin?</text><reasoning>The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.</reasoning><output>Bantu societies</output> |
Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008 | <text>Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008</text><reasoning>In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.</reasoning><output>the government</output> |
How many government TV stations exist? | <text>How many government TV stations exist?</text><reasoning>In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.</reasoning><output>one</output> |
How many smaller stations exist that are not government-run? | <text>How many smaller stations exist that are not government-run?</text><reasoning>In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.</reasoning><output>10</output> |
What group of people were living in the area that would become the Congo prior to the arrival of Bantu tribes? | <text>What group of people were living in the area that would become the Congo prior to the arrival of Bantu tribes?</text><reasoning>Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among those countries. Several Bantu kingdoms—notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke—built trade links leading into the Congo River basin.</reasoning><output>Pygmy</output> |
When did Bantu tribes arrive in the area formerly populated by the Pygmy people? | <text>When did Bantu tribes arrive in the area formerly populated by the Pygmy people?</text><reasoning>Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among those countries. Several Bantu kingdoms—notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke—built trade links leading into the Congo River basin.</reasoning><output>1500 BC</output> |
The Bakongo were a group derived from which tribes? | <text>The Bakongo were a group derived from which tribes?</text><reasoning>Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among those countries. Several Bantu kingdoms—notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke—built trade links leading into the Congo River basin.</reasoning><output>Bantu</output> |
What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor? | <text>What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?</text><reasoning>Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial".</reasoning><output>corruption revelations</output> |
What country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the Sassou regime? | <text>What country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the Sassou regime?</text><reasoning>Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial".</reasoning><output>France</output> |
Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies? | <text>Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies?</text><reasoning>Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.</reasoning><output>Bantus</output> |
The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what? | <text>The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?</text><reasoning>Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.</reasoning><output>pets</output> |
When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people? | <text>When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people?</text><reasoning>Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.</reasoning><output>December 30, 2010</output> |
When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution? | <text>When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?</text><reasoning>On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.</reasoning><output>March 27, 2015</output> |
Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue? | <text>Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?</text><reasoning>On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.</reasoning><output>third</output> |
When was the Fifth Republic founded? | <text>When was the Fifth Republic founded?</text><reasoning>Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first constitution in 1959. Antagonism between the pro-Opangault Mbochis and the pro-Youlou Balalis resulted in a series of riots in Brazzaville in February 1959, which the French Army subdued.</reasoning><output>1958</output> |
What was disbanded in 1958? | <text>What was disbanded in 1958?</text><reasoning>Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first constitution in 1959. Antagonism between the pro-Opangault Mbochis and the pro-Youlou Balalis resulted in a series of riots in Brazzaville in February 1959, which the French Army subdued.</reasoning><output>the AEF</output> |
In 1958, what did the Middle Congo change its name to? | <text>In 1958, what did the Middle Congo change its name to?</text><reasoning>Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first constitution in 1959. Antagonism between the pro-Opangault Mbochis and the pro-Youlou Balalis resulted in a series of riots in Brazzaville in February 1959, which the French Army subdued.</reasoning><output>the Republic of the Congo</output> |
When did the Congo establish its first constitution? | <text>When did the Congo establish its first constitution?</text><reasoning>Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first constitution in 1959. Antagonism between the pro-Opangault Mbochis and the pro-Youlou Balalis resulted in a series of riots in Brazzaville in February 1959, which the French Army subdued.</reasoning><output>1959</output> |
What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo? | <text>What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?</text><reasoning>The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.</reasoning><output>coastal plain</output> |
Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo? | <text>Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?</text><reasoning>The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.</reasoning><output>Kouilou-Niari River</output> |
The middle of the country features what kind of geography? | <text>The middle of the country features what kind of geography?</text><reasoning>The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.</reasoning><output>plateau</output> |
What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain? | <text>What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain?</text><reasoning>The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.</reasoning><output>Forests</output> |
What served as the capital of France in spirit during the Occupation? | <text>What served as the capital of France in spirit during the Occupation?</text><reasoning>During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic.</reasoning><output>Brazzaville</output> |
What meeting brought about changes in France's policy towards its colonies? | <text>What meeting brought about changes in France's policy towards its colonies?</text><reasoning>During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic.</reasoning><output>Brazzaville Conference of 1944</output> |
When did Brazzaville get its own local government? | <text>When did Brazzaville get its own local government?</text><reasoning>During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic.</reasoning><output>1946</output> |
What did the 1946 constitution establish Brazzaville as? | <text>What did the 1946 constitution establish Brazzaville as?</text><reasoning>During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic.</reasoning><output>the Fourth Republic</output> |
Who became president of the Congo in 1968? | <text>Who became president of the Congo in 1968?</text><reasoning>Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.</reasoning><output>Marien Ngouabi</output> |
What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi? | <text>What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi?</text><reasoning>Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.</reasoning><output>People's Republic of the Congo</output> |
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