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What religion did Menander I convert to? | <text>What religion did Menander I convert to?</text><reasoning>After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in In... |
What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts? | <text>What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts?</text><reasoning>After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been... |
What was the Jewish elite class called? | <text>What was the Jewish elite class called?</text><reasoning>Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III bro... |
Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader? | <text>Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader?</text><reasoning>Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars ... |
When did Jerusalem fall to Antiochus III? | <text>When did Jerusalem fall to Antiochus III?</text><reasoning>Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III b... |
What victorious uprising is celebrated in the Jewish festival Hanukkah? | <text>What victorious uprising is celebrated in the Jewish festival Hanukkah?</text><reasoning>Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads... |
What years were the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus? | <text>What years were the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus?</text><reasoning>Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of ... |
What does "sarvajnaa yavanaa" mean? | <text>What does "sarvajnaa yavanaa" mean?</text><reasoning>Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas ... |
Who said "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so."? | <text>Who said "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so."?</text><reasoning>Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing;... |
Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita? | <text>Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita?</text><reasoning>Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are we... |
Who said "The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." | <text>Who said "The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy."</text><reasoning>Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Sura... |
Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...." | <text>Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...."</text><reasoning>Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i... |
What Arab State lied between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula? | <text>What Arab State lied between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula?</text><reasoning>The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks o... |
What was the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom? | <text>What was the capital of the Nabatean Kingdom?</text><reasoning>The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies o... |
Who allied with the Nabatean Kingdom to fight against the Seleucids? | <text>Who allied with the Nabatean Kingdom to fight against the Seleucids?</text><reasoning>The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antig... |
Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence? | <text>Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence?</text><reasoning>The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Anti... |
What century did Aretas III Philhellene reign? | <text>What century did Aretas III Philhellene reign?</text><reasoning>The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies ... |
Rome dominated what peninsula? | <text>Rome dominated what peninsula?</text><reasoning>Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome ha... |
Greek cities were absorbed by what republic? | <text>Greek cities were absorbed by what republic?</text><reasoning>Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern ... |
Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war? | <text>Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war?</text><reasoning>Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of sou... |
Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war? | <text>Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war?</text><reasoning>Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of souther... |
The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance? | <text>The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance?</text><reasoning>During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continue... |
Who was Antiochus VII Sidetes killed by which army? | <text>Who was Antiochus VII Sidetes killed by which army?</text><reasoning>During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as... |
What years were the Roman–Parthian Wars? | <text>What years were the Roman–Parthian Wars?</text><reasoning>During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleuc... |
What was the currency in the Parthian Empire? | <text>What was the currency in the Parthian Empire?</text><reasoning>During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the S... |
The Parthian Empire worshipped Greek Gods and what other cultures deities? | <text>The Parthian Empire worshipped Greek Gods and what other cultures deities?</text><reasoning>During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Par... |
Philip II and Alexander's court army spoke a version of what language? | <text>Philip II and Alexander's court army spoke a version of what language?</text><reasoning>The spread of Greek culture and language throughout the Near East and Asia owed much to the development of newly founded cities and deliberate colonization policies by the successor states, which in turn was necessary for main... |
Attic Greek developed into what lingua franca? | <text>Attic Greek developed into what lingua franca?</text><reasoning>The spread of Greek culture and language throughout the Near East and Asia owed much to the development of newly founded cities and deliberate colonization policies by the successor states, which in turn was necessary for maintaining their military f... |
Ai-Khanoum was situated on what kind of routes? | <text>Ai-Khanoum was situated on what kind of routes?</text><reasoning>The spread of Greek culture and language throughout the Near East and Asia owed much to the development of newly founded cities and deliberate colonization policies by the successor states, which in turn was necessary for maintaining their military ... |
Bactria was led by what king from 255-246 BCE? | <text>Bactria was led by what king from 255-246 BCE?</text><reasoning>The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of pre... |
When was Diodotus II overthrown? | <text>When was Diodotus II overthrown?</text><reasoning>The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afgha... |
What leader overthrew Diodotus II? | <text>What leader overthrew Diodotus II?</text><reasoning>The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afg... |
The Greco-Bactrian kingdom was invaded by what Seleucid leader? | <text>The Greco-Bactrian kingdom was invaded by what Seleucid leader?</text><reasoning>The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Marg... |
Antiochus III married his daughter off to whose son? | <text>Antiochus III married his daughter off to whose son?</text><reasoning>The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most ... |
Who is most responsible for the preservation of Hellenistic culture? | <text>Who is most responsible for the preservation of Hellenistic culture?</text><reasoning>In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many classical ... |
What museum and ilbrary was the center of Hellenistic culture conservation? | <text>What museum and ilbrary was the center of Hellenistic culture conservation?</text><reasoning>In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many cla... |
Where did most of the great literary figures of the Hellenistic period study? | <text>Where did most of the great literary figures of the Hellenistic period study?</text><reasoning>In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many c... |
After Alexander's empire was split, what region did Seleucus I Nicator receive? | <text>After Alexander's empire was split, what region did Seleucus I Nicator receive?</text><reasoning>Following division of Alexander's empire, Seleucus I Nicator received Babylonia. From there, he created a new empire which expanded to include much of Alexander's near eastern territories. At the height of its power, ... |
Pergamum was led by whom when they defeated a Seleucid army? | <text>Pergamum was led by whom when they defeated a Seleucid army?</text><reasoning>Following division of Alexander's empire, Seleucus I Nicator received Babylonia. From there, he created a new empire which expanded to include much of Alexander's near eastern territories. At the height of its power, it included central... |
Who defied his father Seleucus I, and set up a religous cult? | <text>Who defied his father Seleucus I, and set up a religous cult?</text><reasoning>Following division of Alexander's empire, Seleucus I Nicator received Babylonia. From there, he created a new empire which expanded to include much of Alexander's near eastern territories. At the height of its power, it included centra... |
What was the name of Seleucus II brother, whom he fought in civil war? | <text>What was the name of Seleucus II brother, whom he fought in civil war?</text><reasoning>Following division of Alexander's empire, Seleucus I Nicator received Babylonia. From there, he created a new empire which expanded to include much of Alexander's near eastern territories. At the height of its power, it includ... |
Who ultimately defeated Seleucid Anatolia? | <text>Who ultimately defeated Seleucid Anatolia?</text><reasoning>Following division of Alexander's empire, Seleucus I Nicator received Babylonia. From there, he created a new empire which expanded to include much of Alexander's near eastern territories. At the height of its power, it included central Anatolia, the Lev... |
Who stated that the Greco-Bactrians had connections through the silk road? | <text>Who stated that the Greco-Bactrians had connections through the silk road?</text><reasoning>According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and ... |
When did Demetrius, son of Euthydemus invade north-western India? | <text>When did Demetrius, son of Euthydemus invade north-western India?</text><reasoning>According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and some Grec... |
Whose death signifies the beginning of confusing documentation of Greco-Bactrian history? | <text>Whose death signifies the beginning of confusing documentation of Greco-Bactrian history?</text><reasoning>According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and t... |
Who was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria? | <text>Who was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria?</text><reasoning>According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and some Greco-Bactrians did co... |
Illyrian pirates caused two wars in the Balkans with what Empire? | <text>Illyrian pirates caused two wars in the Balkans with what Empire?</text><reasoning>Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, ... |
What king of Macedon aided the pirate Demetrius of Pharos? | <text>What king of Macedon aided the pirate Demetrius of Pharos?</text><reasoning>Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip ... |
Hannibal defeated whom at the Battle of Cannae? | <text>Hannibal defeated whom at the Battle of Cannae?</text><reasoning>Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored ... |
When was the Battle of Cannae? | <text>When was the Battle of Cannae?</text><reasoning>Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the chief ... |
In what war was the Battle of Cannae? | <text>In what war was the Battle of Cannae?</text><reasoning>Roman entanglement in the Balkans began when Illyrian piratical raids on Roman merchants led to invasions of Illyria (the First and, Second Illyrian Wars). Tension between Macedon and Rome increased when the young king of Macedon, Philip V harbored one of the... |
What did the Greeks call Bahrain? | <text>What did the Greeks call Bahrain?</text><reasoning>In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit th... |
Where was the central point of pearl trading? | <text>Where was the central point of pearl trading?</text><reasoning>In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders... |
Which of Alexanders commanders were the first to visit Bahrain? | <text>Which of Alexanders commanders were the first to visit Bahrain?</text><reasoning>In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alex... |
Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist? | <text>Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist?</text><reasoning>In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is be... |
Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god? | <text>Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god?</text><reasoning>In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander... |
Carthage was on the coast of what country? | <text>Carthage was on the coast of what country?</text><reasoning>Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic cultu... |
What Hellenistic practices heavily influenced Carthaginian culture? | <text>What Hellenistic practices heavily influenced Carthaginian culture?</text><reasoning>Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians r... |
Who reformed the military in Carthage in 550 BCE? | <text>Who reformed the military in Carthage in 550 BCE?</text><reasoning>Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Puni... |
What Greek style was the core of Carthage's military? | <text>What Greek style was the core of Carthage's military?</text><reasoning>Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their ... |
What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military? | <text>What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military?</text><reasoning>Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained th... |
The Seleucid Empire was mostly dominated by whom? | <text>The Seleucid Empire was mostly dominated by whom?</text><reasoning>The vast Seleucid Empire was, like Egypt, mostly dominated by a Greco-Macedonian political elite. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by emigration from Greece. These cities included newly founded colon... |
What are Seleucid garrisons called? | <text>What are Seleucid garrisons called?</text><reasoning>The vast Seleucid Empire was, like Egypt, mostly dominated by a Greco-Macedonian political elite. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by emigration from Greece. These cities included newly founded colonies such as An... |
What are Seleucid military colonies called? | <text>What are Seleucid military colonies called?</text><reasoning>The vast Seleucid Empire was, like Egypt, mostly dominated by a Greco-Macedonian political elite. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by emigration from Greece. These cities included newly founded colonies su... |
Who defeated Antiochus III at Raphia? | <text>Who defeated Antiochus III at Raphia?</text><reasoning>The vast Seleucid Empire was, like Egypt, mostly dominated by a Greco-Macedonian political elite. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by emigration from Greece. These cities included newly founded colonies such as ... |
What year did Ptolemy IV die? | <text>What year did Ptolemy IV die?</text><reasoning>The vast Seleucid Empire was, like Egypt, mostly dominated by a Greco-Macedonian political elite. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by emigration from Greece. These cities included newly founded colonies such as Antioch,... |
Menander converted to what religion? | <text>Menander converted to what religion?</text><reasoning>Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by th... |
Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century? | <text>Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century?</text><reasoning>Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic king... |
Greeks adopted what from local cultures? | <text>Greeks adopted what from local cultures?</text><reasoning>Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks b... |
When did Philip form and alliance with Hannibal of Carthage? | <text>When did Philip form and alliance with Hannibal of Carthage?</text><reasoning>In 215 BC Philip, with his eye on Illyria, formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Hannibal of Carthage, which led to Roman alliances with the Achaean League, Rhodes and Pergamum. The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inc... |
When did the First Macedonian War begin? | <text>When did the First Macedonian War begin?</text><reasoning>In 215 BC Philip, with his eye on Illyria, formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Hannibal of Carthage, which led to Roman alliances with the Achaean League, Rhodes and Pergamum. The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 B... |
When did the First Macedonian War end? | <text>When did the First Macedonian War end?</text><reasoning>In 215 BC Philip, with his eye on Illyria, formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Hannibal of Carthage, which led to Roman alliances with the Achaean League, Rhodes and Pergamum. The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 BC.... |
How did the First Macedonian War end? | <text>How did the First Macedonian War end?</text><reasoning>In 215 BC Philip, with his eye on Illyria, formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Hannibal of Carthage, which led to Roman alliances with the Achaean League, Rhodes and Pergamum. The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 BC. ... |
Who defeated Philip? | <text>Who defeated Philip?</text><reasoning>In 215 BC Philip, with his eye on Illyria, formed an alliance with Rome's enemy Hannibal of Carthage, which led to Roman alliances with the Achaean League, Rhodes and Pergamum. The First Macedonian War broke out in 212 BC, and ended inconclusively in 205 BC. Philip continued ... |
In what region did the Romans aim to re-bolster the influence after the Second Punic war? | <text>In what region did the Romans aim to re-bolster the influence after the Second Punic war?</text><reasoning>Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for w... |
Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War? | <text>Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War?</text><reasoning>Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext fo... |
What year did the Second Macedonian War begin? | <text>What year did the Second Macedonian War begin?</text><reasoning>Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end ... |
What battle signaled the end to the Second Macedonian War? | <text>What battle signaled the end to the Second Macedonian War?</text><reasoning>Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's ref... |
What empire won the Second Macedonian War? | <text>What empire won the Second Macedonian War?</text><reasoning>Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his ... |
A colonist far from the Mediterranean and low in social rank would be more likely to do what? | <text>A colonist far from the Mediterranean and low in social rank would be more likely to do what?</text><reasoning>The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the l... |
Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture? | <text>Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture?</text><reasoning>The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more lik... |
Who did Greeks look down upon? | <text>Who did Greeks look down upon?</text><reasoning>The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to a... |
Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language? | <text>Who was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language?</text><reasoning>The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the m... |
Before Hellenestic influence, Greek colonies were on the shores of the Taman and what other peninsula? | <text>Before Hellenestic influence, Greek colonies were on the shores of the Taman and what other peninsula?</text><reasoning>Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and loca... |
What kingdom under the Spartocid dynasty consisted of Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians? | <text>What kingdom under the Spartocid dynasty consisted of Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians?</text><reasoning>Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states a... |
Which Scythian people with the Bosporans have strong trade contacts with? | <text>Which Scythian people with the Bosporans have strong trade contacts with?</text><reasoning>Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the ... |
From whom did the Scythians of Central Asia discover Hellenistic culture? | <text>From whom did the Scythians of Central Asia discover Hellenistic culture?</text><reasoning>Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the ... |
Hellenized Scythians were known as? | <text>Hellenized Scythians were known as?</text><reasoning>Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythian... |
Who ran the Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt? | <text>Who ran the Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt?</text><reasoning>The Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt were run by an occupying imperial elite of Greco-Macedonian administrators and governors propped up by a standing army of mercenaries and a small core of Greco-Macedonian settlers. Promotion of immigration ... |
Where did Hellenistic monarchs put most of the tax revenues? | <text>Where did Hellenistic monarchs put most of the tax revenues?</text><reasoning>The Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt were run by an occupying imperial elite of Greco-Macedonian administrators and governors propped up by a standing army of mercenaries and a small core of Greco-Macedonian settlers. Promotion of i... |
Who handed out gifts in the promotion of Greek culture and religion? | <text>Who handed out gifts in the promotion of Greek culture and religion?</text><reasoning>The Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt were run by an occupying imperial elite of Greco-Macedonian administrators and governors propped up by a standing army of mercenaries and a small core of Greco-Macedonian settlers. Promot... |
What type of estates did Hellenistic monarchs run their kingdoms? | <text>What type of estates did Hellenistic monarchs run their kingdoms?</text><reasoning>The Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt were run by an occupying imperial elite of Greco-Macedonian administrators and governors propped up by a standing army of mercenaries and a small core of Greco-Macedonian settlers. Promotion... |
Who were the small core in the Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt? | <text>Who were the small core in the Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt?</text><reasoning>The Hellenistic states of Asia and Egypt were run by an occupying imperial elite of Greco-Macedonian administrators and governors propped up by a standing army of mercenaries and a small core of Greco-Macedonian settlers. Promot... |
The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what? | <text>The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what?</text><reasoning>The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as g... |
Who wrote the story of Crassus? | <text>Who wrote the story of Crassus?</text><reasoning>The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many c... |
Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance? | <text>Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance?</text><reasoning>The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters bec... |
A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region? | <text>A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region?</text><reasoning>The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia ... |
Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty? | <text>Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty?</text><reasoning>The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek res... |
When did Attalus III die? | <text>When did Attalus III die?</text><reasoning>The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resistance came in 88 BC... |
Who willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic? | <text>Who willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic?</text><reasoning>The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resista... |
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