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The present-day population of Ashkenazi Jews is thought to be between which two numbers? | <text>The present-day population of Ashkenazi Jews is thought to be between which two numbers?</text><reasoning>It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately... |
In which tractate of the Babylonian Talmud is the name Gomer given as Germania? | <text>In which tractate of the Babylonian Talmud is the name Gomer given as Germania?</text><reasoning>In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Ger... |
Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, which is viewed as what? | <text>Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, which is viewed as what?</text><reasoning>In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania. Ashkenaz ... |
Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or what territories? | <text>Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or what territories?</text><reasoning>In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania. As... |
Who identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories? | <text>Who identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories?</text><reasoning>In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania. Ashkenaz... |
Even though Gomer is rendered as Germania in the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud, in other rabbinical literature it was identified with what? | <text>Even though Gomer is rendered as Germania in the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud, in other rabbinical literature it was identified with what?</text><reasoning>In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with G... |
What was the name of the NES clone produced in Taiwan? | <text>What was the name of the NES clone produced in Taiwan?</text><reasoning>A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware clones emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo never issued a legitimate version of the console. In particular, the Dend... |
Where was the Dendy sold? | <text>Where was the Dendy sold?</text><reasoning>A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware clones emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo never issued a legitimate version of the console. In particular, the Dendy (Russian: Де́нди), an unlic... |
Which country marketed a clone called "Family Game?" | <text>Which country marketed a clone called "Family Game?"</text><reasoning>A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware clones emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo never issued a legitimate version of the console. In particular, the Dendy ... |
What was the name of the clone in Poland? | <text>What was the name of the clone in Poland?</text><reasoning>A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware clones emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo never issued a legitimate version of the console. In particular, the Dendy (Russian: Д... |
India's first gaming console was also a clone, called what? | <text>India's first gaming console was also a clone, called what?</text><reasoning>A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware clones emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo never issued a legitimate version of the console. In particular, the... |
Who expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629? | <text>Who expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629?</text><reasoning>No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests ... |
Does the archeological record suggest that there was a rather large or small population of Jews in Gaul and Germany? | <text>Does the archeological record suggest that there was a rather large or small population of Jews in Gaul and Germany?</text><reasoning>No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception ... |
In antiquity, most Jews in Gaul or Germany probably occupied what two roles? | <text>In antiquity, most Jews in Gaul or Germany probably occupied what two roles?</text><reasoning>No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological ... |
In what year did Jewish communities exist in Brittany? | <text>In what year did Jewish communities exist in Brittany?</text><reasoning>No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at m... |
Most of the Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe either immigrating to North America, or other English speaking areas but most to which place? | <text>Most of the Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe either immigrating to North America, or other English speaking areas but most to which place?</text><reasoning>As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and ... |
For most Ashkenazi Jews, Yiddish was replaced with what language? | <text>For most Ashkenazi Jews, Yiddish was replaced with what language?</text><reasoning>As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and Europe (particularly France) and Latin America, the geographic isolation that ... |
What two groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life? | <text>What two groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life?</text><reasoning>As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and Europe (particularly France) and Latin America, the geographic isolation that gave rise t... |
What does ZIF stand for? | <text>What does ZIF stand for?</text><reasoning>When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that game consoles had acquired follow... |
The ZIF insertion used by Nintendo was set to emulate what device? | <text>The ZIF insertion used by Nintendo was set to emulate what device?</text><reasoning>When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputat... |
The force of pushing in the cartridge did what to the device over eventual use? | <text>The force of pushing in the cartridge did what to the device over eventual use?</text><reasoning>When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally... |
What material were the connector springs made of? | <text>What material were the connector springs made of?</text><reasoning>When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that game con... |
What material comprised the game cartridge connectors? | <text>What material comprised the game cartridge connectors?</text><reasoning>When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that gam... |
When did Sega finally permit third-party publishing? | <text>When did Sega finally permit third-party publishing?</text><reasoning>Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention, however, was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Nintendo required that they be... |
What was the name of the 1st company Sega permitted? | <text>What was the name of the 1st company Sega permitted?</text><reasoning>Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention, however, was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Nintendo required that they be... |
Nintendo was the sole manufacturer of what component for third-party developers? | <text>Nintendo was the sole manufacturer of what component for third-party developers?</text><reasoning>Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention, however, was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Ni... |
As cartridges couldn't be returned to Nintendo, the developers took on the entirety of what? | <text>As cartridges couldn't be returned to Nintendo, the developers took on the entirety of what?</text><reasoning>Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention, however, was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue fo... |
What year was there a shortage of DRAM and ROM chips? | <text>What year was there a shortage of DRAM and ROM chips?</text><reasoning>Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention, however, was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Nintendo required that they b... |
For what period of time were the Ashkenazim a reproductively isolated population in Europe? | <text>For what period of time were the Ashkenazim a reproductively isolated population in Europe?</text><reasoning>In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in... |
A 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA was conducted by what university? | <text>A 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA was conducted by what university?</text><reasoning>In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despi... |
In an ethnic sense, Ashkenazi Jews can trace their ancestry to Jews who settled where? | <text>In an ethnic sense, Ashkenazi Jews can trace their ancestry to Jews who settled where?</text><reasoning>In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Euro... |
In the last 50-60 years, have more or less Ashkenazi Jews intermarried with people outside of their community? | <text>In the last 50-60 years, have more or less Ashkenazi Jews intermarried with people outside of their community?</text><reasoning>In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively iso... |
Human geneticists argue that genetic variations have been identified that show high or low frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews? | <text>Human geneticists argue that genetic variations have been identified that show high or low frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews?</text><reasoning>In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a repr... |
How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985? | <text>How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985?</text><reasoning>Subsequent plans to market a Famicom console in North America featuring a keyboard, cassette data recorder, wireless joystick controller and a special BASIC cartridge under the name "Nintendo Advanced Video System" likewis... |
What was this system to be called in North America? | <text>What was this system to be called in North America?</text><reasoning>Subsequent plans to market a Famicom console in North America featuring a keyboard, cassette data recorder, wireless joystick controller and a special BASIC cartridge under the name "Nintendo Advanced Video System" likewise never materialized. B... |
What magazine stated that Nintendo could be errant in their anticipated product success? | <text>What magazine stated that Nintendo could be errant in their anticipated product success?</text><reasoning>Subsequent plans to market a Famicom console in North America featuring a keyboard, cassette data recorder, wireless joystick controller and a special BASIC cartridge under the name "Nintendo Advanced Video S... |
Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by what concept? | <text>Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by what concept?</text><reasoning>Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of... |
Is there a larger or smaller number of Jews that speak Yiddish today than in the past? | <text>Is there a larger or smaller number of Jews that speak Yiddish today than in the past?</text><reasoning>Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah ... |
What does Yiddishkeit mean in the Yiddish language? | <text>What does Yiddishkeit mean in the Yiddish language?</text><reasoning>Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Eur... |
In the past most Jews prayed in what language? | <text>In the past most Jews prayed in what language?</text><reasoning>Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Europe, ... |
In the past, while most Jews prayed in one language, they used which other language in their secular lives? | <text>In the past, while most Jews prayed in one language, they used which other language in their secular lives?</text><reasoning>Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews.... |
The custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names meant that Spain was referred to as what? | <text>The custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names meant that Spain was referred to as what?</text><reasoning>Sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. In conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement ... |
The custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names meant that France was called? | <text>The custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names meant that France was called?</text><reasoning>Sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. In conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblica... |
The reference to France as Tsarefat was taken from which biblical passage? | <text>The reference to France as Tsarefat was taken from which biblical passage?</text><reasoning>Sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. In conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was denominat... |
How did Byzantium and Syrian Jewish letters refer to the Crusaders? | <text>How did Byzantium and Syrian Jewish letters refer to the Crusaders?</text><reasoning>Sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. In conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was denominated Sefa... |
Following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of what two places? | <text>Following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of what two places?</text><reasoning>Sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. In conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblic... |
Researcher Gil Atzmon suggests that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of what? | <text>Researcher Gil Atzmon suggests that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of what?</text><reasoning>Although the Jewish people in general were present across a wide geographical area as described, genetic research done by Gil Atzmon of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Me... |
The destruction of the First Temple was how many years ago? | <text>The destruction of the First Temple was how many years ago?</text><reasoning>Although the Jewish people in general were present across a wide geographical area as described, genetic research done by Gil Atzmon of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine suggests "that Ashkenazim branched... |
It is estimated that 400 families left Northern Italy around what year? | <text>It is estimated that 400 families left Northern Italy around what year?</text><reasoning>Although the Jewish people in general were present across a wide geographical area as described, genetic research done by Gil Atzmon of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine suggests "that Ashkena... |
Ashkenazi families that left Northern Italy went where? | <text>Ashkenazi families that left Northern Italy went where?</text><reasoning>Although the Jewish people in general were present across a wide geographical area as described, genetic research done by Gil Atzmon of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine suggests "that Ashkenazim branched off... |
Recent studies have found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship to the people of what area? | <text>Recent studies have found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship to the people of what area?</text><reasoning>The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashken... |
The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among which Jewish groups? | <text>The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among which Jewish groups?</text><reasoning>The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the ... |
The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationship between Jewish groups and what other population? | <text>The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationship between Jewish groups and what other population?</text><reasoning>The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashken... |
What percentage of the US population is comprised of Ashkenazi Jews? | <text>What percentage of the US population is comprised of Ashkenazi Jews?</text><reasoning>Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies where they have been free to enter any prof... |
What percentage of the top 100 world chess players come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community? | <text>What percentage of the top 100 world chess players come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community?</text><reasoning>Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies where they have bee... |
What percentage of Nobel award winners from the United States in the 20th century have been Ashkenazi Jews? | <text>What percentage of Nobel award winners from the United States in the 20th century have been Ashkenazi Jews?</text><reasoning>Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies wher... |
About how many Fields Medal winners have been Ashkenazi Jews? | <text>About how many Fields Medal winners have been Ashkenazi Jews?</text><reasoning>Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies where they have been free to enter any profession,... |
About how many of the world's chess champions come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community? | <text>About how many of the world's chess champions come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community?</text><reasoning>Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies where they have been fre... |
A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what? | <text>A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what?</text><reasoning>A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came... |
Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what? | <text>Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what?</text><reasoning>A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an ... |
Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi Jewish population? | <text>Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi Jewish population?</text><reasoning>A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – t... |
Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families? | <text>Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families?</text><reasoning>A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors... |
By tradition, when a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family she raises her children to be which type of Jew? | <text>By tradition, when a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family she raises her children to be which type of Jew?</text><reasoning>In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, w... |
When an Ashkenazi woman marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man it is expected that her children will take on which kind of identity? | <text>When an Ashkenazi woman marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man it is expected that her children will take on which kind of identity?</text><reasoning>In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethni... |
A convert generally follows which practice? | <text>A convert generally follows which practice?</text><reasoning>In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orth... |
Nintendo agreed with Atari to release the Famicom under what name? | <text>Nintendo agreed with Atari to release the Famicom under what name?</text><reasoning>Encouraged by these successes, Nintendo soon turned its attention to the North American market. Nintendo entered into negotiations with Atari to release the Famicom under Atari’s name as the name Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming Sys... |
When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show held? | <text>When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show held?</text><reasoning>Encouraged by these successes, Nintendo soon turned its attention to the North American market. Nintendo entered into negotiations with Atari to release the Famicom under Atari’s name as the name Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System. The deal w... |
Which company was illegally demonstrating a Nintendo game? | <text>Which company was illegally demonstrating a Nintendo game?</text><reasoning>Encouraged by these successes, Nintendo soon turned its attention to the North American market. Nintendo entered into negotiations with Atari to release the Famicom under Atari’s name as the name Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System. The... |
What was the name of the fired Atari CEO? | <text>What was the name of the fired Atari CEO?</text><reasoning>Encouraged by these successes, Nintendo soon turned its attention to the North American market. Nintendo entered into negotiations with Atari to release the Famicom under Atari’s name as the name Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System. The deal was set to ... |
For religious Jews, what does Minhagim mean? | <text>For religious Jews, what does Minhagim mean?</text><reasoning>Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certa... |
What type of Jew is required to follow the customs of their ancestors without the option of picking and choosing? | <text>What type of Jew is required to follow the customs of their ancestors without the option of picking and choosing?</text><reasoning>Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas... |
For religious Jews, what does Halakha mean? | <text>For religious Jews, what does Halakha mean?</text><reasoning>Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certai... |
For religious Jews, "Ashkenazic" refers to what two things? | <text>For religious Jews, "Ashkenazic" refers to what two things?</text><reasoning>Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpreta... |
Reform Judaism originated among what type of Jew? | <text>Reform Judaism originated among what type of Jew?</text><reasoning>Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On ... |
In the late Middle Ages, the Ashkenazi population shifted in which direction? | <text>In the late Middle Ages, the Ashkenazi population shifted in which direction?</text><reasoning>They established communities throughout Central and Eastern Europe, which had been their primary region of concentration and residence until recent times, evolving their own distinctive characteristics and diasporic ide... |
In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved from what location? | <text>In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved from what location?</text><reasoning>They established communities throughout Central and Eastern Europe, which had been their primary region of concentration and residence until recent times, evolving their own distinctive characteristics and d... |
In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved into which location? | <text>In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved into which location?</text><reasoning>They established communities throughout Central and Eastern Europe, which had been their primary region of concentration and residence until recent times, evolving their own distinctive characteristics and ... |
In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Jews who returned to German lands experienced what? | <text>In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Jews who returned to German lands experienced what?</text><reasoning>They established communities throughout Central and Eastern Europe, which had been their primary region of concentration and residence until recent times, evolving their own distinctive characteristics and di... |
The name of Ashkenazi derives from which biblical figure? | <text>The name of Ashkenazi derives from which biblical figure?</text><reasoning>The name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Khaphet, son of Noah, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10). The name of Gomer has often been linked to the ethnonym Ci... |
Ashkenaz was the first son of whom? | <text>Ashkenaz was the first son of whom?</text><reasoning>The name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Khaphet, son of Noah, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10). The name of Gomer has often been linked to the ethnonym Cimmerians. Biblical Ash... |
The name of Gomer has often been linked to what ethnonym? | <text>The name of Gomer has often been linked to what ethnonym?</text><reasoning>The name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Khaphet, son of Noah, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10). The name of Gomer has often been linked to the ethnonym Ci... |
Assyrian Aškūza expelled which group from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates? | <text>Assyrian Aškūza expelled which group from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates?</text><reasoning>The name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Khaphet, son of Noah, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10). The name of Gomer has often been... |
In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in what manner? | <text>In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in what manner?</text><reasoning>In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi... |
In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used to refer to whom? | <text>In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used to refer to whom?</text><reasoning>In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkena... |
Are Jews of mixed backgrounds more or less common today? | <text>Are Jews of mixed backgrounds more or less common today?</text><reasoning>In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi ... |
Did Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire bring about a brief period of upheaval or stability in Francia? | <text>Did Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire bring about a brief period of upheaval or stability in Francia?</text><reasoning>Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire around 800, including northern Italy and Rome, brought on a brief period of stability and unity in Francia. This created opportunities ... |
Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire created opportunities for Jewish merchants to settle where? | <text>Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire created opportunities for Jewish merchants to settle where?</text><reasoning>Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire around 800, including northern Italy and Rome, brought on a brief period of stability and unity in Francia. This created opportunities for Jewi... |
Charlemagne granted the Jews freedoms similar to those enjoyed under which previous empire? | <text>Charlemagne granted the Jews freedoms similar to those enjoyed under which previous empire?</text><reasoning>Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire around 800, including northern Italy and Rome, brought on a brief period of stability and unity in Francia. This created opportunities for Jewish merchants to... |
When Jews began to return to Frankish lands many took up occupations in which two fields? | <text>When Jews began to return to Frankish lands many took up occupations in which two fields?</text><reasoning>Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire around 800, including northern Italy and Rome, brought on a brief period of stability and unity in Francia. This created opportunities for Jewish merchants to s... |
Which language emerged as a result of language contact with various High German vernaculars during the medieval period? | <text>Which language emerged as a result of language contact with various High German vernaculars during the medieval period?</text><reasoning>Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire around 800, including northern Italy and Rome, brought on a brief period of stability and unity in Francia. This created opportuni... |
When did the Dreyfus affair occur? | <text>When did the Dreyfus affair occur?</text><reasoning>But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian revol... |
In what years did large numbers of Jews arrive in France? | <text>In what years did large numbers of Jews arrive in France?</text><reasoning>But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemi... |
What three factors led to large numbers of Jews moving to France? | <text>What three factors led to large numbers of Jews moving to France?</text><reasoning>But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from ... |
By the 1930s, Paris was noted for which two things related to Jews? | <text>By the 1930s, Paris was noted for which two things related to Jews?</text><reasoning>But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees fro... |
A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries? | <text>A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries?</text><reasoning>A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data availab... |
Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans? | <text>Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans?</text><reasoning>A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data availabl... |
Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome were seen in what percentage of the Ashkenazi Jewish population? | <text>Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome were seen in what percentage of the Ashkenazi Jewish population?</text><reasoning>A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other rele... |
The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what? | <text>The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what?</text><reasoning>A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ance... |
The history of Jews in Greece goes back to which era? | <text>The history of Jews in Greece goes back to which era?</text><reasoning>The history of Jews in Greece goes back to at least the Archaic Era of Greece, when the classical culture of Greece was undergoing a process of formalization after the Greek Dark Age. The Greek historian Herodotus knew of the Jews, whom he cal... |
Which Greek historian knew of the Jews? | <text>Which Greek historian knew of the Jews?</text><reasoning>The history of Jews in Greece goes back to at least the Archaic Era of Greece, when the classical culture of Greece was undergoing a process of formalization after the Greek Dark Age. The Greek historian Herodotus knew of the Jews, whom he called "Palestini... |
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