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Who has research stations in Antarctica? | <text>Who has research stations in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in ... |
What is the span of population density per million square kilometers of researchers in Antarctica? | <text>What is the span of population density per million square kilometers of researchers in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby is... |
About long long do researchers stay when researching in Antarctica? | <text>About long long do researchers stay when researching in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 i... |
What station has an Orthodox church representative? | <text>What station has an Orthodox church representative?</text><reasoning>Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to abou... |
When did the Trinity Church begin its posting at Bellinshausen station? | <text>When did the Trinity Church begin its posting at Bellinshausen station?</text><reasoning>Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,0... |
In which year was the Second Council of Nicea? | <text>In which year was the Second Council of Nicea?</text><reasoning>Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ ... |
In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary? | <text>In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary?</text><reasoning>Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The ... |
Which icon is most venerated in the Orthodox Church? | <text>Which icon is most venerated in the Orthodox Church?</text><reasoning>Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with C... |
What is the name given to artistic depictions of Mary? | <text>What is the name given to artistic depictions of Mary?</text><reasoning>Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with... |
In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before? | <text>In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before?</text><reasoning>Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. T... |
What is the mother church of the Angican Communion? | <text>What is the mother church of the Angican Communion?</text><reasoning>The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and ... |
Which church in the United States is associated with the Angican Communion? | <text>Which church in the United States is associated with the Angican Communion?</text><reasoning>The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority w... |
What practice differentiates the Angican Communon from Protestant churches at large? | <text>What practice differentiates the Angican Communon from Protestant churches at large?</text><reasoning>The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal au... |
What branch of Christianity does the Angican Communion fall under? | <text>What branch of Christianity does the Angican Communion fall under?</text><reasoning>The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the... |
In Orthodox tradition, what comes next in precdence after The Theotokos in the order of the saints? | <text>In Orthodox tradition, what comes next in precdence after The Theotokos in the order of the saints?</text><reasoning>Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. T... |
What are hymns to the Theotokos called in Orthodox tradition? | <text>What are hymns to the Theotokos called in Orthodox tradition?</text><reasoning>Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theot... |
In the liturgical sequences of the Eastern Church, who is placed next in prominence after Christ? | <text>In the liturgical sequences of the Eastern Church, who is placed next in prominence after Christ?</text><reasoning>Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The... |
What is Mary proclaimed to be in the Orthodox tradition? | <text>What is Mary proclaimed to be in the Orthodox tradition?</text><reasoning>Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos)... |
What do the Orthodox believe Mary remained to be before and after she gave birth to Christ? | <text>What do the Orthodox believe Mary remained to be before and after she gave birth to Christ?</text><reasoning>Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theot... |
By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an? | <text>By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an?</text><reasoning>The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical... |
Which Sura in the Qur'an describes the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya? | <text>Which Sura in the Qur'an describes the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya?</text><reasoning>The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given i... |
In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary? | <text>In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary?</text><reasoning>The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 ... |
Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an? | <text>Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an?</text><reasoning>The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The acc... |
Who was visited by an angel in Sura 19 of the Qur'an? | <text>Who was visited by an angel in Sura 19 of the Qur'an?</text><reasoning>The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly ide... |
Which color is traditionally used to portray Mary in paintings? | <text>Which color is traditionally used to portray Mary in paintings?</text><reasoning>In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was "the colour of an empress". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is ... |
What rock was used as the source of blue pigment in paints in Medieval and Renaissance Europe? | <text>What rock was used as the source of blue pigment in paints in Medieval and Renaissance Europe?</text><reasoning>In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was "the colour of an empress". A more practical explanation... |
From which country was lapis lazuli imported? | <text>From which country was lapis lazuli imported?</text><reasoning>In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was "the colour of an empress". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval a... |
Lapis lazuli was thought to be more valuable than which precious metal? | <text>Lapis lazuli was thought to be more valuable than which precious metal?</text><reasoning>In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was "the colour of an empress". A more practical explanation for the use of this co... |
Which ancient empire is thought to have started the tradition of portraying Mary in paintings using the color blue? | <text>Which ancient empire is thought to have started the tradition of portraying Mary in paintings using the color blue?</text><reasoning>In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was "the colour of an empress". A more ... |
What group of scientists study tectonics? | <text>What group of scientists study tectonics?</text><reasoning>Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. G... |
Who is interested in the effects of harsh environment on humans? | <text>Who is interested in the effects of harsh environment on humans?</text><reasoning>Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the sup... |
Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice? | <text>Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice?</text><reasoning>Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the su... |
What kind of observations use the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space? | <text>What kind of observations use the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space?</text><reasoning>Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources fr... |
Where is the largest neutrino telescope on Earth? | <text>Where is the largest neutrino telescope on Earth?</text><reasoning>Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gon... |
For what practice did the first Protestants criticize the Roman Catholics? | <text>For what practice did the first Protestants criticize the Roman Catholics?</text><reasoning>Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; b... |
In which century did the Council of Trent occur? | <text>In which century did the Council of Trent occur?</text><reasoning>Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize... |
Which Protestant churches still honor Mary? | <text>Which Protestant churches still honor Mary?</text><reasoning>Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the ... |
During which historical era did Protestant interest in Mary almost disappear? | <text>During which historical era did Protestant interest in Mary almost disappear?</text><reasoning>Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants... |
Marian veneration became associated with which Christians after the Council of Trent? | <text>Marian veneration became associated with which Christians after the Council of Trent?</text><reasoning>Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Pro... |
According to Nontrinitarian belief, what is Mary's relationship to Jesus? | <text>According to Nontrinitarian belief, what is Mary's relationship to Jesus?</text><reasoning>Nontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as "Mother of God" as these groups genera... |
Which Nontrinitarian theologian says that God cannot approach eveil spirits to redeem them? | <text>Which Nontrinitarian theologian says that God cannot approach eveil spirits to redeem them?</text><reasoning>Nontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as "Mother of God" as t... |
Unittarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses are examples of what kind of church? | <text>Unittarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses are examples of what kind of church?</text><reasoning>Nontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as "Mother of God" as th... |
"Mother of God" is an example of what kind of title? | <text>"Mother of God" is an example of what kind of title?</text><reasoning>Nontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as "Mother of God" as these groups generally reject Christ's d... |
What title is given to Mary in the Catholic Church? | <text>What title is given to Mary in the Catholic Church?</text><reasoning>In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumption to Heaven and her capacity to intercede on behalf of those who pray ... |
What is the Latin word from which Mary's title of Blessed is derived? | <text>What is the Latin word from which Mary's title of Blessed is derived?</text><reasoning>In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumption to Heaven and her capacity to intercede on behalf ... |
How many Catholic dogmas are there regarding Mary? | <text>How many Catholic dogmas are there regarding Mary?</text><reasoning>In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumption to Heaven and her capacity to intercede on behalf of those who pray t... |
Along with Mother of God, Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary, what is the other Catholic dogma related to Mary? | <text>Along with Mother of God, Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary, what is the other Catholic dogma related to Mary?</text><reasoning>In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumptio... |
What term is used to describe the belief that Mary remained a virgin for her entire life? | <text>What term is used to describe the belief that Mary remained a virgin for her entire life?</text><reasoning>The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stati... |
Which Latin father described the belief that Jesus' siblings were his cousins? | <text>Which Latin father described the belief that Jesus' siblings were his cousins?</text><reasoning>The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mar... |
Which churches teach that Jesus' brothers and sister were step-siblings from a previous marriage of Joseph the Betrothed? | <text>Which churches teach that Jesus' brothers and sister were step-siblings from a previous marriage of Joseph the Betrothed?</text><reasoning>The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος... |
What document teaches that Jesus' brothers and sisters were older children of Joseph from a previous marriage? | <text>What document teaches that Jesus' brothers and sisters were older children of Joseph from a previous marriage?</text><reasoning>The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applie... |
Which doctrine describes the belief that Mary remained a virgin, even though she gave birth to Jesus? | <text>Which doctrine describes the belief that Mary remained a virgin, even though she gave birth to Jesus?</text><reasoning>The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this... |
Which doctrine about Mary do Methodists reject? | <text>Which doctrine about Mary do Methodists reject?</text><reasoning>In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her w... |
Who was the founder of the Methodist movement? | <text>Who was the founder of the Methodist movement?</text><reasoning>In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her wo... |
What are the sources of beliefs about Mary held by Methodists? | <text>What are the sources of beliefs about Mary held by Methodists?</text><reasoning>In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was con... |
The Methodist movement began in which church? | <text>The Methodist movement began in which church?</text><reasoning>In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her wom... |
Which Marian doctrine did John Wesley uphold in founding Methodism? | <text>Which Marian doctrine did John Wesley uphold in founding Methodism?</text><reasoning>In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary wa... |
To whom was Mary dedicated while still in the womb? | <text>To whom was Mary dedicated while still in the womb?</text><reasoning>She is the only woman directly named in the Qur'an; declared (uniquely along with Jesus) to be a Sign of God to humanity; as one who "guarded her chastity"; an obedient one; chosen of her mother and dedicated to Allah whilst still in the womb; u... |
Which prophet cared for Mary? | <text>Which prophet cared for Mary?</text><reasoning>She is the only woman directly named in the Qur'an; declared (uniquely along with Jesus) to be a Sign of God to humanity; as one who "guarded her chastity"; an obedient one; chosen of her mother and dedicated to Allah whilst still in the womb; uniquely (amongst women... |
What is understood to be the Holy of Holies in Islam? | <text>What is understood to be the Holy of Holies in Islam?</text><reasoning>She is the only woman directly named in the Qur'an; declared (uniquely along with Jesus) to be a Sign of God to humanity; as one who "guarded her chastity"; an obedient one; chosen of her mother and dedicated to Allah whilst still in the womb;... |
Where did Mary reside in her chilhood? | <text>Where did Mary reside in her chilhood?</text><reasoning>She is the only woman directly named in the Qur'an; declared (uniquely along with Jesus) to be a Sign of God to humanity; as one who "guarded her chastity"; an obedient one; chosen of her mother and dedicated to Allah whilst still in the womb; uniquely (amon... |
What did God provide for Mary? | <text>What did God provide for Mary?</text><reasoning>She is the only woman directly named in the Qur'an; declared (uniquely along with Jesus) to be a Sign of God to humanity; as one who "guarded her chastity"; an obedient one; chosen of her mother and dedicated to Allah whilst still in the womb; uniquely (amongst wome... |
What is the first stage of Jewish marriage? | <text>What is the first stage of Jewish marriage?</text><reasoning>Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the promised Messiah by con... |
Which angel announced to Mary that she was to be the mother of the Messiah? | <text>Which angel announced to Mary that she was to be the mother of the Messiah?</text><reasoning>Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mothe... |
What did Joseph plan to do when told of Mary's coneption in a dream? | <text>What did Joseph plan to do when told of Mary's coneption in a dream?</text><reasoning>Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of th... |
Where did Mary live when she was visited by the angel Gabriel? | <text>Where did Mary live when she was visited by the angel Gabriel?</text><reasoning>Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the prom... |
In his dream, who told Joseph about Mary's conception? | <text>In his dream, who told Joseph about Mary's conception?</text><reasoning>Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the promised Mes... |
Who suggested that Jesus was the son of a Roman soldier? | <text>Who suggested that Jesus was the son of a Roman soldier?</text><reasoning>From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a topic for discussions, de... |
What was the name of the Roman soldier said by Celsus to be the father of Jesus? | <text>What was the name of the Roman soldier said by Celsus to be the father of Jesus?</text><reasoning>From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a t... |
Origen was a Church Father in which Egyptian city? | <text>Origen was a Church Father in which Egyptian city?</text><reasoning>From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a topic for discussions, debates ... |
In which century did Celsus suggest that Jesus' father was a Roman soldier? | <text>In which century did Celsus suggest that Jesus' father was a Roman soldier?</text><reasoning>From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a topic ... |
For what purpose did detractors use the idea of Mary's virginity and the virgin conception of Jesus? | <text>For what purpose did detractors use the idea of Mary's virginity and the virgin conception of Jesus?</text><reasoning>From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political a... |
What are Akathists? | <text>What are Akathists?</text><reasoning>The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, praise, liturgical poetry and the veneration of icons. One... |
How many of the Orthodox Great Feasts dedicated to Mary? | <text>How many of the Orthodox Great Feasts dedicated to Mary?</text><reasoning>The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, praise, liturgical po... |
What is name of the Orthodox hymn devoted to Mary? | <text>What is name of the Orthodox hymn devoted to Mary?</text><reasoning>The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, praise, liturgical poetry a... |
Which event on the Orthodox calendar is related to Mary and icon veneration? | <text>Which event on the Orthodox calendar is related to Mary and icon veneration?</text><reasoning>The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, p... |
What lake is thought to contain microbial life? | <text>What lake is thought to contain microbial life?</text><reasoning>There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is... |
To what does the frozen surface of Lake Vostok resemble? | <text>To what does the frozen surface of Lake Vostok resemble?</text><reasoning>There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. I... |
With what is Europa associated?? | <text>With what is Europa associated??</text><reasoning>There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in ... |
When did NASA go on an expedition to Lake Untersee? | <text>When did NASA go on an expedition to Lake Untersee?</text><reasoning>There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If lif... |
For what was NASA searching? | <text>For what was NASA searching?</text><reasoning>There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake... |
What is the literal meaning of Theotokos? | <text>What is the literal meaning of Theotokos?</text><reasoning>Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is ... |
Which branch of Christianity gives a diminished role to Mary? | <text>Which branch of Christianity gives a diminished role to Mary?</text><reasoning>Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as ... |
What is Mary called in Islam? | <text>What is Mary called in Islam?</text><reasoning>Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother o... |
What is the basis for Mary's diminished role in Protestantism? | <text>What is the basis for Mary's diminished role in Protestantism?</text><reasoning>Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as... |
Which two Protestant churches, along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, believe that Mary is the Mother of God? | <text>Which two Protestant churches, along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, believe that Mary is the Mother of God?</text><reasoning>Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Ca... |
What is the name given to the Annunciation in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer? | <text>What is the name given to the Annunciation in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer?</text><reasoning>Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the histor... |
On what date do most Anglicans celebrate the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin? | <text>On what date do most Anglicans celebrate the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin?</text><reasoning>Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the histo... |
What is another name for the feast of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple in the Anglican Communion? | <text>What is another name for the feast of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple in the Anglican Communion?</text><reasoning>Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Co... |
On what date is the Presentation of Christ in the Temple celebrated by Anglicans? | <text>On what date is the Presentation of Christ in the Temple celebrated by Anglicans?</text><reasoning>Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the hi... |
On what day was the Annunciation tradtionally celebrated in England until the 18th century? | <text>On what day was the Annunciation tradtionally celebrated in England until the 18th century?</text><reasoning>Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm... |
Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary? | <text>Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary?</text><reasoning>Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of th... |
In which year was the Immaculate Conception dogmatized? | <text>In which year was the Immaculate Conception dogmatized?</text><reasoning>Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church... |
Which pope was responsible for the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception? | <text>Which pope was responsible for the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception?</text><reasoning>Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils a... |
What does Theotokos mean? | <text>What does Theotokos mean?</text><reasoning>Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief t... |
Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death? | <text>Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?</text><reasoning>Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical coun... |
How much of Antarctica is covered by ice? | <text>How much of Antarctica is covered by ice?</text><reasoning>About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea ... |
How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica? | <text>How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea ... |
How thick is the ice that covers Antarctica? | <text>How thick is the ice that covers Antarctica?</text><reasoning>About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, s... |
How much of the Earth's fresh water is held in Antarctica? | <text>How much of the Earth's fresh water is held in Antarctica?</text><reasoning>About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice ... |
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